Programs List




Name Type Frequencies Description
T Lymph VirusXTRA111,243,245,314,392,633,646,714,725,732,776,837,844,965,1220,1230,1675,2432,2664,3806,6230,6353,8225Human T-Lymphotropic Virus. Family of viruses causing T Cell Leukemia, and the demyelinating disease HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
TachycardiaCAFL1.2Rapid heartbeat. Note: cardiac conditions are inherently unstable. Developed for lab animals. See Heart Tonic, and Relaxation to Produce programs. Other uses: HIV virus, facial toning.
Heart
TachycardiaETDF20,520,1200,2250,17500,72500,219340,688290,712000,995380Rapid heartbeat. Note: cardiac conditions are inherently unstable. See Heart Tonic, and Relaxation to Produce programs.
TaeniaCAFL164,187,453,542,623,803,843,854,1223,3032,5522See Parasites tapeworm, Parasites Taenia, and Tapeworm. Do not use until you are familiar with the tapeworm protocol.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taenia :
Taeniasis - see Tapeworm infections with Taenia species.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taenia :
Taeniasis. Source of disease: Taenia species
TaeniaVEGA187See Parasites tapeworm, Parasites Taenia, and Tapeworm. Do not use until you are familiar with the tapeworm protocol.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taenia :
Taeniasis - see Tapeworm infections with Taenia species.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taenia :
Taeniasis. Source of disease: Taenia species
TaeniasisETDF120,650,2500,10530,92500,355720,479930,527000,761850,987230Caused by infection of tapeworm - pork, beef, or Taenia Asiatica. See Parasites Taenia, Taenia, Parasites Tapeworm, Tapeworm, Cysticercosis, and Neurocysticercosis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taeniasis :
Taeniasis - see Tapeworm infections with Taenia species.

Encyclopedia Entry for Taeniasis :
Taeniasis. Source of disease: Taenia species
Takayasu ArteritisETDF100,350,52500,70000,97500,225150,450000,689410,712000,993410Large vessel granulomatous Vasculitis with Fibrosis and Stenosis. Mainly affects aorta and its branches, and pulmonary arteries.

Encyclopedia Entry for Takayasu Arteritis :
Takayasu arteritis. The cause of Takayasu arteritis is unknown. The disease occurs mainly in children and women between the ages of 20 to 40. It is more common in people of East Asian, Indian or Mexican descent. However, it is now being seen more often in other parts of the world. Several genes that increase the chance of having this problem were recently found. Takayasu arteritis appears to be an autoimmune condition. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. The condition may also involve other organ systems. Takayasu arteritis has many features that are similar to giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis in older people.
Symptoms may include: Arm weakness or pain with use Chest pain Dizziness Fatigue Fever Lightheadedness Muscle or joint pain Skin rash Night sweats Vision changes Weight loss Decreased radial pulses (at the wrist) Difference in blood pressure between the two arms High blood pressure ( hypertension ) There may also be signs of inflammation ( pericarditis or pleuritis ).
There is no blood test available to make a definite diagnosis. The diagnosis is made when a person has symptoms and imaging showing blood vessel narrowing suggesting inflammation. Possible tests include: Arteriogram Angiogram Complete blood count (CBC) C-reactive protein (CRP) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) Ultrasound X-ray of the chest.
Treatment of Takayasu arteritis is difficult. However, people who have the right treatment can see improvement. It is important to identify the condition early. MEDICINES Most people are first treated with high doses of steroids. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as azathioprine, mycophenolate, methotrexate, or leflunomide are often added. Biologic agents including TNF inhibitors such as infliximab are recommended for people who do not improve with the previous treatment. Other biologic agents that show promising benefits for treating Takayasu arteritis include tocilizumab, and rituximab. SURGERY Surgery or angioplasty may be used to open up narrowed arteries to supply blood or open up the constriction. Aortic valve replacement may be needed in some cases.
This disease can be fatal without treatment. However, a combined treatment approach using medicines and surgery has lowered death rates. Adults have a better chance of survival than children.
Complications may include: Blood clot Heart attack Heart failure Pericarditis Aortic valve insufficiency Pleuritis Stroke Gastrointestinal bleeding or pain from blockage of bowel blood vessels.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition. Weak pulse, chest pain, and breathing difficulty require immediate care.
Pulseless disease.
Heart, section through the middle Heart, section through the middle Heart valves - anterior view Heart valves - anterior view Heart valves - superior view Heart valves - superior view Heart valves Heart valves.
Carmona FD, Coit P, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, et al. Corrigendum: analysis of the common genetic component of large vessel vasculitides through a meta-immunochip strategy. Sci Rep. 2017;7:46012. PMID: 28378796 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28378796. Glebova NO, Abularrage CJ. Takayasu's disease.
Tangier DiseaseETDF140,410,8000,17500,87500,95750,225000,476500,527000,662710Rare inherited disorder with severe reduction in HDL (good cholesterol) in blood.
TantalumXTRA12225Metal element, toxic at high levels.
TapewormVEGA522,562,843,1223,3032,5522See Parasites Tapeworm, Tapeworm, Parasites Taenia, and Taenia. Do not use until you are familiar with the tapeworm protocol.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tapeworm :
Tapeworm infections - Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm),Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm), Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm), Diphylidium caninum (dog tapeworm)(intestinal cestodes)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tapeworm :
Tapeworm infection - beef or pork. Tapeworm infection is caused by eating the raw or undercooked meat of infected animals. Cattle usually carry Taenia saginata ( T saginata ). Pigs carry Taenia solium (T solium). In the human intestine, the young form of the tapeworm from the infected meat (larva) develops into the adult tapeworm. A tapeworm can grow to longer than 12 feet (3.5 meters) and can live for years. Tapeworms have many segments. Each segment is able to produce eggs. The eggs are spread alone or in groups, and can pass out with the stool or through the anus. Adults and children with pork tapeworm can infect themselves if they have poor hygiene. They can ingest tapeworm eggs they pick up on their hands while wiping or scratching their anus or the skin around it. Those who are infected can expose other people to T solium eggs, usually through food handling.
Tapeworm infection usually does not cause any symptoms. Some people may have abdominal discomfort. People often realize they are infected when they pass segments of the worm in their stool, especially if the segments are moving.
Tests that may be done to confirm diagnosis of an infection include: CBC , including differential count Stool exam for eggs of T solium or T saginata , or bodies of the parasite.
Tapeworms are treated with medicines taken by mouth, usually in a single dose. The drug of choice for tapeworm infections is praziquantel. Niclosamide can also be used.
With treatment, the tapeworm infection goes away.
In rare cases, worms can cause a blockage in the intestine. If pork tapeworm larvae move out of the intestine, they can cause local growths and damage tissues such as the brain, eye, or heart. This condition is called cysticercosis. Infection of the brain (neurocysticercosis) can cause seizures and other nervous system problems.
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you pass something in your stool that looks like a white worm.
In the United States, laws on feeding practices and the inspection of domestic food animals have largely eliminated tapeworms. Measures you can take to prevent tapeworm infection include: Do not eat raw meat. Cook whole cut meat to 145 F (63 C) and ground meat to 160 F (71 C). Use a food thermometer to measure the thickest part of the meat. Freezing meat is not a reliable because it may not kill all eggs. Wash hands well after using the toilet, especially after a bowel movement.
Teniasis; Pork tapeworm; Beef tapeworm; Tapeworm; Taenia saginata; Taenia solium; Taeniasis.
Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
King CH, Fairley JK. Tapeworms (cestodes).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tapeworm :
Tapeworm infection - hymenolepsis. Hymenolepis live in warm climates and are common in the southern United States. Insects eat the eggs of these worms. Humans and other animals become infected when they eat material contaminated by insects (including fleas associated with rats). In an infected person, it is possible for the worm's entire life cycle to be completed in the bowel, so infection can last for years. Hymenolepis nana infections are much more common than Hymenolepis diminuta infections in humans. These infections used to be common in the southeastern United States, in crowded environments, and in people who were confined to institutions. However, the disease occurs throughout the world.
Symptoms occur only with heavy infections. Symptoms include: Diarrhea Gastrointestinal discomfort Itchy anus Poor appetite Weakness.
A stool exam for the tapeworm eggs confirms the diagnosis.
The treatment for this condition is a single dose of praziquantel, repeated in 10 days. Household members may also need to be screened and treated because the infection can be spread from person to person.
Expect full recovery following treatment.
Health problems that may result from this infection include: Abdominal discomfort Dehydration from prolonged diarrhea.
Call your health care provider if you have chronic diarrhea or abdominal cramping.
Good hygiene, public health and sanitation programs, and elimination of rats help prevent the spread of hymenolepiasis.
Hymenolepiasis; Dwarf tapeworm infection; Rat tapeworm; Tapeworm - infection.
Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Fischer PR, White AC. Adult tapeworm infections.
Tardive DyskinesiaETDF60,7000,22500,479500,527000,667000,752700,987230Disorder with involuntary repetitive movements. Caused by antipsychotic drug use for longer than three months in adults, and GI drugs in children and infants.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tardive Dyskinesia :
Tardive dyskinesia. TD is a serious side effect that occurs when you take medicines called neuroleptics. These drugs are also called antipsychotics or major tranquilizers. They are used to treat mental problems. TD often occurs when you take the drug for many months or years. In some cases, it occurs after you take them for as little as 6 weeks. Medicines that most commonly cause this disorder are older antipsychotics, including: Chlorpromazine Fluphenazine Haloperidol Perphenazine Prochlorperazine Thioridazine Trifluoperazine Newer antipsychotics seem less likely to cause TD, but they are not entirely without risk. Other drugs that can cause TD include: Metoclopramide (treats stomach problem called gastroparesis ) Antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline, fluoxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, trazodone Antiparkinson drugs such as levodopa Antiseizure drugs such as phenobarbital and phenytoin.
Symptoms of TD include uncontrollable movements of the face and body such as: Facial grimacing (commonly involving lower facial muscles) Finger movement (piano playing movements) Rocking or thrusting of the pelvis (duck-like gait) Jaw swinging Repetitive chewing Rapid eye blinking Tongue thrusting Restlessness.
When TD is diagnosed, the health care provider will either have you stop the medicine slowly or switch to another one. If TD is mild or moderate, various medicines may be tried. A dopamine-depleting medicine, tetrabenazine is most effective treatment for TD. Your provider can tell you more about these. If TD is very severe, a procedure called deep brain stimulation DBS may be tried. DBS uses a device called a neurostimulator to deliver electrical signals to the areas of the brain that control movement.
If diagnosed early, TD may be reversed by stopping the medicine that caused the symptoms. Even if the medicine is stopped, the involuntary movements may become permanent, and in some cases, may become worse.
TD; Tardive syndrome; Orofacial dyskinesia; Involuntary movement - tardive dyskinesia; Antipsychotic drugs - tardive dyskinesia; Neuroleptic drugs - tardive dyskinesia; Schizophrenia - tardive dyskinesia.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Aronson JK. Neuroleptic drugs.
Tarlov CystsETDF80,320,650,37500,67500,96500,379930,476500,527000,667000Meningeal cysts in spinal canal containing nerve fibres.
Taste DisordersETDF160,5500,20000,37500,96500,312330,475150,527000,662710,789000Dysgeusia/parageusia. Commonly caused by chemotherapy, administration of albuterol for asthma, and zinc deficiency.
Taste Lack OfCAFL10000,20Ageusia. Inability to detect sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and savoriness. Causes, include radiation therapy, many different drugs, and vitamin B3 and zinc deficiency. See appropriate programs. Other uses, female frigidity, Glandular Fever.
Tay-Sachs DiseaseETDF200,120,27500,47500,96500,275030,534250,691270,753070,927100Rare childhood genetic disorder with progressive deterioration of nerve cells and of mental and physical abilities.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tay-Sachs Disease :
Tay-Sachs disease. Tay-Sachs disease occurs when the body lacks hexosaminidase A. This is a protein that helps break down a group of chemicals found in nerve tissue called gangliosides. Without this protein, gangliosides, particularly ganglioside GM2, build up in cells, often nerve cells in the brain. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a defective gene on chromosome 15. When both parents carry the defective Tay-Sachs gene, a child has a 25% chance of developing the disease. The child must receive two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, in order to become sick. If only one parent passes the defective gene to the child, the child is called a carrier. They will not be sick, but may pass the disease to their own children. Anyone can be a carrier of Tay-Sachs. But, the disease is most common among the Ashkenazi Jewish population. One in every 27 members of the population carries the Tay-Sachs gene. Tay-Sachs is divided into infantile, juvenile, and adult forms, depending on the symptoms and when they first appear. Most people with Tay-Sachs have the infantile form. In this form, the nerve damage usually begins while the baby is still in the womb. Symptoms usually appear when the child is 3 to 6 months old. The disease tends to get worse very quickly, and the child usually dies by age 4 or 5. Late-onset Tay-Sachs disease, which affects adults, is very rare.
Symptoms may include any of the following: Deafness Decreased eye contact, blindness Decreased muscle tone (loss of muscle strength), loss of motor skills, paralysis Slow growth and delayed mental and social skills Dementia (loss of brain function) Increased startle reaction Irritability Listlessness Seizures.
The health care provider will examine the baby and ask about your family history. Tests that may be done are: Enzyme exam of blood or body tissue for hexosaminidase levels Eye exam (reveals a cherry-red spot in the macula ).
There is no treatment for Tay-Sachs disease itself, only ways to make the person more comfortable.
The stress of illness may be eased by joining support groups whose members share common experiences and problems. Cure Tay Sachs Foundation -- www.curetay-sachs.org National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association -- www.ntsad.org Genetic Alliance -- www.geneticalliance.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org.
Children with this disease have symptoms that get worse over time. They usually die by age 4 or 5.
Symptoms appear during the first 3 to 10 months of life and progress to spasticity , seizures, and loss of all voluntary movements.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if: Your child has a seizure of unknown cause The seizure is different from previous seizures The child has difficulty breathing The seizure lasts longer than 2 to 3 minutes Call for an appointment with your provider if your child has other noticeable behavioral changes.
There is no known way to prevent this disorder. Genetic testing can detect if you are a carrier of the gene for this disorder. If you or your partner is from an at-risk population, you may wish to seek genetic counseling before starting a family. If you are already pregnant, testing the amniotic fluid can diagnose Tay-Sachs disease in the womb.
GM2 gangliosidosis - Tay-Sachs; Lysosomal storage disease - Tay-Sachs disease.
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Kwon JM. Neurodegenerative disorders of childhood.
TB AviareVEGA532See Bird Tuberculosis, and Tuberculosis Aviare programs. Other uses: Herpes Type 2A, grippe (1986).
Telangiectasia Hereditary HemorrhagicETDF100,220,32500,55750,150000,175000,475750,667000,884330,985670Genetic disorder with abnormal blood vessel formation in skin, mucous membranes, and often in lungs, liver, and brain.
TelangiectasiasETDF160,2100,55030,150000,229320,476500,527000,667000,742000,987230Abnormal small dilated blood vessels on skin or mucous membranes, most common near nose, cheeks, and chin, and also on legs.
Temporomandibular Joint DisordersETDF160,350,47500,269710,453720,515150,684810,723000,841200,997870Pain and dysfunction of jaw muscles and joint, with restricted movement and noises.
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction SyndromeETDF160,550,850,5120,15030,47500,275750,458500,712230,992000Pain and dysfunction of jaw muscles and joint, with restricted movement and noises.
TendinopathyETDF300,12710,50000,150000,358570,479500,527000,662710,749000,986220Chronic tendon injury.
TendomyopathyCAFL320,250,160,80,40,20,10,5.8,2.5,1.5,1.2,1,0.5Fibromyalgia. Chronic widespread pain and heightened response to pressure with pronounced fatigue, sleep disturbance, stiff joints, and other symptoms.
Tendon
Tendonitis and Tibialis PosteriorXTRA120,300,12710,50000,150000,358570,479500,527000,662710,749000,986220,20,727,787,880,5000,2008Also spelt Tendinitis. Inflammation or tears in posterior tibial tendon, leading to flatfoot. See Tendons Repair program.
Tendons RepairXTRA120Doctors perform tendon repair surgery to fix a tendon injury. Tendons are tough, stretchy tissues that join muscles to bone.
Tennis ElbowCAFL2.4,26,160,250,3040Also see Epicondylitis, Epicondylalgia, and Tendomyopathy programs.
Elbow

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow surgery - discharge. Soon after surgery, severe pain will decrease, but you may have mild soreness for 3 to 6 months.
Place an ice pack on the dressing (bandage) over your wound (incision) 4 to 6 times a day for about 20 minutes each time. Ice helps keep swelling down. Wrap the ice pack in a clean towel or cloth. DO NOT place it directly on the dressing. Taking ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or other similar medicines may help. Ask your doctor about using them. Your doctor may give you a prescription for pain medicines. Get it filled on your way home so you have it when you need it.
The first week after surgery you may have a thick bandage or a splint. You should begin moving your arm gently, as recommended by your surgeon. After the first week, your bandage, splint, and stitches will be removed. Keep your bandage and your wound clean and dry. Your surgeon will tell you when it is OK to change your dressing. Also change your dressing if it gets dirty or wet. You will likely see your surgeon in about 1 week.
You should start stretching exercises after the splint is removed to increase flexibility and range of motion. The surgeon may also refer you to see a physical therapist to work on stretching and strengthening your forearm muscles. This can begin after 3 to 4 weeks. Keep doing the exercises for as long as you are told. This helps ensure tennis elbow will not return. You may be prescribed a wrist brace. If so, wear it to avoid extending your wrist and pulling on the repaired elbow tendon. You should be able to return to normal activity and sports after 4 to 6 months.
After the operation, call the surgeon if you notice any of the following around your elbow: Swelling Severe or increased pain Changes in skin color around or below your elbow Numbness or tingling in your fingers or hand Your hand or fingers look darker than normal or are cool to the touch Other worrying symptoms, such as increase in pain, redness, or drainage.
Lateral epicondylitis surgery - discharge; Lateral tendinosis surgery - discharge; Lateral tennis elbow surgery - discharge.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow surgery. Surgery to repair tennis elbow is often an outpatient surgery. This means you will not stay in the hospital overnight. You will be given medicine (sedative) to help you relax and make you sleepy. Numbing medicine (anesthesia) is given in your arm. This blocks pain during your surgery. You may be awake or asleep with general anesthesia during the surgery. If you have open surgery, your surgeon will make one cut (incision) over your injured tendon. The unhealthy part of the tendon is scraped away. The surgeon may repair the tendon using something called a suture anchor. Or, it may be stitched to other tendons. When the surgery is over, the cut is closed with stitches. Sometimes, tennis elbow surgery is done using an arthroscope. This is a thin tube with a tiny camera and light on the end. Before surgery, you will get the same medicines as in open surgery to make you relax and to block pain. The surgeon makes 1 or 2 small cuts, and inserts the scope. The scope is attached to a video monitor. This helps your surgeon see inside the elbow area. The surgeon scrapes away the unhealthy part of the tendon.
You may need surgery if you: Have tried other treatments for at least 3 months Are having pain that limits your activity Treatments you should try first include: Limiting activity or sports to rest your arm. Changing the sports equipment you are using. Taking medicines, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Doing exercises to relieve pain as recommended by the doctor or physical therapist. Making workplace changes to improve your sitting position and how you use equipment at work. Wearing elbow splints or braces to rest your muscles and tendons. Getting shots of steroid medicine, such as cortisone. This is done by your doctor.
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general are: Reactions to medicines or breathing problems Bleeding , blood clots , or infection Risks of tennis elbow surgery are: Loss of strength in your forearm Decreased range of motion in your elbow Need for long-term physical therapy Injury to nerves or blood vessels Scar that is sore when you touch it Need for more surgery.
You should: Tell the surgeon about all the medicines you take, including those bought without a prescription. This includes herbs, supplements, and vitamins. Follow instructions about stopping medicines that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen, (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve). Ask your doctor which medicines you should still take on the day of your surgery. Stop smoking, if you smoke. Smoking can slow healing. Ask your health care provider for help. Tell your surgeon if you have a cold, flu, fever, or other sickness before your surgery. Follow instructions about not eating or drinking anything before surgery. Arrive at the surgery center when your surgeon or nurse told you to. Be sure to arrive on time.
After the surgery: Your elbow and arm will likely have a thick bandage or a splint. You can go home when effects of the sedative wear off. Follow instructions on how to care for your wound and arm at home. This includes taking medicine to ease pain from the surgery. You should begin moving your arm gently, as recommended by your surgeon.
Tennis elbow surgery relieves pain for most people. Many people are able to return to sports and other activities that use the elbow within 4 to 6 months. Keeping up with recommended exercise helps ensure the problem will not return.
Lateral epicondylitis - surgery; Lateral tendinosis - surgery; Lateral tennis elbow - surgery.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow. The part of the muscle that attaches to a bone is called a tendon. Some of the muscles in your forearm attach to the bone on the outside of your elbow. When you use these muscles over and over again, small tears develop in the tendon. Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone. This injury is common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racket sports, hence the name 'tennis elbow.' Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms. But any activity that involves repetitive twisting of the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this condition. Painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow. This condition may also be due to constant computer keyboard and mouse use. People between 35 to 54 years old are commonly affected. Sometimes, there is no known cause of tennis elbow.
Symptoms can include any of the following: Elbow pain that gets worse over time Pain that radiates from the outside of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twisting Weak grasp.
Your health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. The exam may show: Pain or tenderness when the tendon is gently pressed near where it attaches to the upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbow Pain near the elbow when the wrist is bent backward against resistance An MRI may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
The first step is to rest your arm for 2 or 3 weeks and avoid or modify the activity that causes your symptoms. You may also want to: Put ice on the outside of your elbow 2 to 3 times a day. Take NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin. If your tennis elbow is due to sports activity, you may want to: Ask your provider about any changes you can make to your technique. Check the sports equipment you are using to see if any changes may help. If you play tennis, changing the grip size of the racket may help. Think about how often you play, and whether you should cut back. If your symptoms are related to working on a computer, ask your manager about changing your workstation or your chair, desk, and computer setup. For example, a wrist support or a roller mouse may help. A physical therapist can show you exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles of your forearm. You can buy a special brace (night splint) for tennis elbow at most drugstores. It wraps around the upper part of your forearm and takes some of the pressure off the muscles. Your provider may also inject cortisone and a numbing medicine around the area where the tendon attaches to the bone. This may help decrease the swelling and pain. If the pain continues after 6 months of rest and treatment, surgery may be recommended. Talk with your orthopedic surgeon about the risks and whether surgery might help.
Elbow pain may get better without surgery. But most people who have surgery have full use of their forearm and elbow afterwards.
Call for an appointment with your provider if: This is the first time you have had these symptoms Home treatment does not relieve the symptoms.
Epitrochlear bursitis; Lateral epicondylitis; Epicondylitis - lateral; Tendonitis - elbow.
Elbow - side view Elbow - side view.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.
Tennis ElbowETDF80,7250,50000,62500,93500,322530,475030,527000,667000,987230Also see Epicondylitis, Epicondylalgia, and Tendomyopathy programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow surgery - discharge. Soon after surgery, severe pain will decrease, but you may have mild soreness for 3 to 6 months.
Place an ice pack on the dressing (bandage) over your wound (incision) 4 to 6 times a day for about 20 minutes each time. Ice helps keep swelling down. Wrap the ice pack in a clean towel or cloth. DO NOT place it directly on the dressing. Taking ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or other similar medicines may help. Ask your doctor about using them. Your doctor may give you a prescription for pain medicines. Get it filled on your way home so you have it when you need it.
The first week after surgery you may have a thick bandage or a splint. You should begin moving your arm gently, as recommended by your surgeon. After the first week, your bandage, splint, and stitches will be removed. Keep your bandage and your wound clean and dry. Your surgeon will tell you when it is OK to change your dressing. Also change your dressing if it gets dirty or wet. You will likely see your surgeon in about 1 week.
You should start stretching exercises after the splint is removed to increase flexibility and range of motion. The surgeon may also refer you to see a physical therapist to work on stretching and strengthening your forearm muscles. This can begin after 3 to 4 weeks. Keep doing the exercises for as long as you are told. This helps ensure tennis elbow will not return. You may be prescribed a wrist brace. If so, wear it to avoid extending your wrist and pulling on the repaired elbow tendon. You should be able to return to normal activity and sports after 4 to 6 months.
After the operation, call the surgeon if you notice any of the following around your elbow: Swelling Severe or increased pain Changes in skin color around or below your elbow Numbness or tingling in your fingers or hand Your hand or fingers look darker than normal or are cool to the touch Other worrying symptoms, such as increase in pain, redness, or drainage.
Lateral epicondylitis surgery - discharge; Lateral tendinosis surgery - discharge; Lateral tennis elbow surgery - discharge.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow surgery. Surgery to repair tennis elbow is often an outpatient surgery. This means you will not stay in the hospital overnight. You will be given medicine (sedative) to help you relax and make you sleepy. Numbing medicine (anesthesia) is given in your arm. This blocks pain during your surgery. You may be awake or asleep with general anesthesia during the surgery. If you have open surgery, your surgeon will make one cut (incision) over your injured tendon. The unhealthy part of the tendon is scraped away. The surgeon may repair the tendon using something called a suture anchor. Or, it may be stitched to other tendons. When the surgery is over, the cut is closed with stitches. Sometimes, tennis elbow surgery is done using an arthroscope. This is a thin tube with a tiny camera and light on the end. Before surgery, you will get the same medicines as in open surgery to make you relax and to block pain. The surgeon makes 1 or 2 small cuts, and inserts the scope. The scope is attached to a video monitor. This helps your surgeon see inside the elbow area. The surgeon scrapes away the unhealthy part of the tendon.
You may need surgery if you: Have tried other treatments for at least 3 months Are having pain that limits your activity Treatments you should try first include: Limiting activity or sports to rest your arm. Changing the sports equipment you are using. Taking medicines, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Doing exercises to relieve pain as recommended by the doctor or physical therapist. Making workplace changes to improve your sitting position and how you use equipment at work. Wearing elbow splints or braces to rest your muscles and tendons. Getting shots of steroid medicine, such as cortisone. This is done by your doctor.
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general are: Reactions to medicines or breathing problems Bleeding , blood clots , or infection Risks of tennis elbow surgery are: Loss of strength in your forearm Decreased range of motion in your elbow Need for long-term physical therapy Injury to nerves or blood vessels Scar that is sore when you touch it Need for more surgery.
You should: Tell the surgeon about all the medicines you take, including those bought without a prescription. This includes herbs, supplements, and vitamins. Follow instructions about stopping medicines that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen, (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve). Ask your doctor which medicines you should still take on the day of your surgery. Stop smoking, if you smoke. Smoking can slow healing. Ask your health care provider for help. Tell your surgeon if you have a cold, flu, fever, or other sickness before your surgery. Follow instructions about not eating or drinking anything before surgery. Arrive at the surgery center when your surgeon or nurse told you to. Be sure to arrive on time.
After the surgery: Your elbow and arm will likely have a thick bandage or a splint. You can go home when effects of the sedative wear off. Follow instructions on how to care for your wound and arm at home. This includes taking medicine to ease pain from the surgery. You should begin moving your arm gently, as recommended by your surgeon.
Tennis elbow surgery relieves pain for most people. Many people are able to return to sports and other activities that use the elbow within 4 to 6 months. Keeping up with recommended exercise helps ensure the problem will not return.
Lateral epicondylitis - surgery; Lateral tendinosis - surgery; Lateral tennis elbow - surgery.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tennis Elbow :
Tennis elbow. The part of the muscle that attaches to a bone is called a tendon. Some of the muscles in your forearm attach to the bone on the outside of your elbow. When you use these muscles over and over again, small tears develop in the tendon. Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone. This injury is common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racket sports, hence the name 'tennis elbow.' Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms. But any activity that involves repetitive twisting of the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this condition. Painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow. This condition may also be due to constant computer keyboard and mouse use. People between 35 to 54 years old are commonly affected. Sometimes, there is no known cause of tennis elbow.
Symptoms can include any of the following: Elbow pain that gets worse over time Pain that radiates from the outside of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twisting Weak grasp.
Your health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. The exam may show: Pain or tenderness when the tendon is gently pressed near where it attaches to the upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbow Pain near the elbow when the wrist is bent backward against resistance An MRI may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
The first step is to rest your arm for 2 or 3 weeks and avoid or modify the activity that causes your symptoms. You may also want to: Put ice on the outside of your elbow 2 to 3 times a day. Take NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin. If your tennis elbow is due to sports activity, you may want to: Ask your provider about any changes you can make to your technique. Check the sports equipment you are using to see if any changes may help. If you play tennis, changing the grip size of the racket may help. Think about how often you play, and whether you should cut back. If your symptoms are related to working on a computer, ask your manager about changing your workstation or your chair, desk, and computer setup. For example, a wrist support or a roller mouse may help. A physical therapist can show you exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles of your forearm. You can buy a special brace (night splint) for tennis elbow at most drugstores. It wraps around the upper part of your forearm and takes some of the pressure off the muscles. Your provider may also inject cortisone and a numbing medicine around the area where the tendon attaches to the bone. This may help decrease the swelling and pain. If the pain continues after 6 months of rest and treatment, surgery may be recommended. Talk with your orthopedic surgeon about the risks and whether surgery might help.
Elbow pain may get better without surgery. But most people who have surgery have full use of their forearm and elbow afterwards.
Call for an appointment with your provider if: This is the first time you have had these symptoms Home treatment does not relieve the symptoms.
Epitrochlear bursitis; Lateral epicondylitis; Epicondylitis - lateral; Tendonitis - elbow.
Elbow - side view Elbow - side view.
Adams JE, Steinmann SP. Elbow tendinopathies and tendon ruptures.
TenosynovitisETDF110,400,12710,42500,95000,210500,425750,571000,837000,932000Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendon, most commonly bacterial in origin. Try Neisseria Gonorrheae program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tenosynovitis :
Tenosynovitis. The synovium is a lining of the protective sheath that covers tendons. Tenosynovitis is inflammation of this sheath. The cause of the inflammation may be unknown, or it may result from: Diseases that cause inflammation Infection Injury Overuse Strain The wrists, hands, ankles, and feet are commonly affected because the tendons are long across those joints. But, the condition may occur with any tendon sheath. An infected cut to the hands or wrists that causes tenosynovitis may be an emergency requiring surgery.
Symptoms may include any of the following: Difficulty moving the joint Joint swelling in the affected area Pain and tenderness around the joint Pain when moving the joint Redness along the length of the tendon Fever, swelling, and redness may indicate an infection, especially if a puncture or cut caused these symptoms.
The health care provider will perform a physical examination. The provider may touch or stretch the tendon. You may be asked to move the joint to see if it's painful.
The goal of treatment is to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Rest or keeping the affected tendons still is essential for recovery. Your provider may suggest the following: Using a splint or removable brace to help keep the tendons still Applying heat or cold to the affected area to help reduce pain and inflammation Medicines such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injection to relieve pain and reduce inflammation In rare cases, surgery to remove the inflammation around the tendon Tenosynovitis caused by infection needs to be treated right away. Your provider will prescribe antibiotics. In severe cases, emergency surgery is needed to release the pus around the tendon. Ask your provider about strengthening exercises that you can do after you recover. These may help prevent the condition from coming back.
Most people fully recover with treatment. If tenosynovitis is caused by overuse and the activity is not stopped, it is likely to come back. If the tendon is damaged, recovery may be slow or the condition may become chronic (ongoing).
If tenosynovitis is not treated, the tendon may become permanently restricted or it may tear (rupture). The affected joint can become stiff. Infection in the tendon may spread, which could be serious and threaten the affected limb.
Call for an appointment with your provider if you have pain or difficulty straightening a joint or limb. Call right away if you notice a red streak on your hand, wrist, ankle, or foot. This is a sign of an infection.
Avoiding repetitive movements and overuse of tendons may help prevent tenosynovitis. Use the appropriate wound care techniques to clean cuts to the hand, wrist, ankle, and foot.
Inflammation of the tendon sheath.
Biundo JJ. Bursitis, tendinitis, and other periarticular disorders and sports medicine.
TeratomaETDF120,900,5250,27500,57500,222530,425110,571000,838000,937410Usually benign tumor that may contain hair, teeth, bone, of other disparate tissues originating from different germ cell layers.
Testicular DiseasesETDF120,400,900,5120,20000,119340,175000,475750,527000,987230Testicular disease can take a variety of forms: Testicular cancer. Like any cancer, testicular cancer happens when cells in the testicle develop mutations that cause them to misbehave.
Testosterone Female Normalize LevelXTRA1445Levels of testosterone and other androgens can be measured with a blood test. In women, normal testosterone levels range from 15 to 70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) of blood.
Testosterone Male Normalize LevelXTRA1444Normalization of testosterone level after testosterone replacement therapy could decrease risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in men.
TetanusBIO352,554,1142Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusCAFL20,400,880,244,600,554,120,352,1142,363,458,465,628Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusETDF80,320,650,7500,37500,67500,96500,527000,663710,986220Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusRIFE234000Crane=120, Rife (1936)=1200, 700000, 15779. Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusVEGA554Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusXTRA3276000Hoyland MOR. Infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Clostridium Tetani.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetanusXTRA234000RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus - Clostridium tetani (G+ rod: sporulating: anaerobic)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus. Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. But it can remain infectious for more than 40 years. You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). This poison blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is about 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been properly vaccinated against the disease.
Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). The spasms can also affect your chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonos. Sometimes, the spasms affect muscles that help with breathing, which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups. This is called tetany. These are the episodes that can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include: Drooling Excessive sweating Fever Hand or foot spasms Irritability Swallowing difficulty Uncontrolled urination or defecation.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. Tests may be used to rule out meningitis , rabies , strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment may include: Antibiotics Bedrest with a calm environment (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature) Medicine to reverse the poison (tetanus immune globulin) Muscle relaxers, such as diazepam Sedatives Surgery to clean the wound and remove the source of the poison (debridement) Breathing support with oxygen, a breathing tube, and a breathing machine may be necessary.
Without treatment, 1 out of 4 infected people die. The death rate for newborns with untreated tetanus is even higher. With proper treatment, less than 15% of infected people die. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on other parts of the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications that may result from tetanus include: Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest Heart failure Pneumonia Damage to muscles Fractures Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.
Call your health care provider right away if you have an open wound , particularly if: You are injured outdoors. The wound has been in contact with soil. You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child. Also call if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
IMMUNIZATION Tetanus is completely preventable by being immunized (vaccinated). Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. In the United States, immunizations begin in infancy with the DTaP series of shots. The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. Td vaccine or Tdap vaccine is used to maintain immunity in people age 7 and older. Tdap vaccine should be given once, before age 65, as a substitute for Td for those who have not had Tdap. Td boosters are recommended every 10 years starting at age 19. Older teenagers and adults who get injuries, especially puncture-type wounds, should get a tetanus booster if it has been more than 10 years since the last booster. If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. Injuries and wounds should be thoroughly cleaned right away. If the tissue of the wound is dying, a doctor will need to remove the tissue. You may have heard that you can get tetanus if you are injured by a rusty nail. This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. It is the dirt on the nail, not the rust that carries the risk for tetanus.
Lockjaw; Trismus.
Hodowanec A, Bleck TP. Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tetanus :
Tetanus (Lockjaw). Source of disease: Clostridium tetani
TetragenusCAFL393,433,2712Micrococcus Tetragenus causes lung infections and septicemia, usually in the immunocompromised.
TetragenusVEGA393,2712Micrococcus Tetragenus causes lung infections and septicemia, usually in the immunocompromised.
Tetrahydrobiopterin DeficiencyETDF120,2500,15750,52500,96500,225160,524370,650000,753070,927100Rare metabolic disorder that increases blood levels of phenylalanine, causing problems ranging from low muscle tone to intellectual disability.
Thalamic DiseasesETDF20,220,25000,55750,125000,229320,450000,515160,712810,993410Includes post-stroke thalamic syndrome, thalamic infarction, akinetic mutism, thalamocortical dysrhythmia, Korsakoff's syndrome, and Fatal Familial Insomnia.
ThalliumXTRA18300Highly toxic metal element.
Thanatophoric DysplasiaETDF160,300,570,20000,37500,95110,312330,476500,527000,753230Severe skeletal disorder with extremely short limbs with extra folds of skin, and small ribcage.
Thermi BacteriaBIO233,441Thermithiobacillus is found in hot sulfur baths and springs.
Third Eye OpeningXTRA83Experimental. Will not work for all people. Detox Fluoride, Calcifications, and Pineal programs should be used first.
Spirit
Thoracic Outlet SyndromeETDF20,400,7250,20000,55000,92500,222700,475110,527000,987230Due to compression of neurovascular bundle passing between two scalene muscles at upper chest/upper limb area. Also try Brachial Neuralgia, Brachial Plexus Neuritis, Hypochondrium, and Nerve Compression Syndromes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome :
Thoracic outlet syndrome. Nerves coming from the spine and major blood vessels of the body pass through a narrow space near your shoulder and collarbone on the way to the arms. Sometimes, there is not enough space for the nerves to pass by through the collarbone and upper ribs. Pressure (compression) on these blood vessels or nerves can cause symptoms in the arms or hands. Pressure may happen if you have: An extra rib above the first one. An abnormal tight band connecting the spine to the ribs. People with this syndrome often have injured the area in the past or overused the shoulder. People with long necks and droopy shoulders may be more likely to develop this condition because of extra pressure on the nerves and blood vessels.
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome may include: Pain, numbness, and tingling in the pinky and ring fingers, and the inner forearm Pain and tingling in the neck and shoulders (carrying something heavy may make the pain worse) Signs of poor circulation in the hand or forearm (a bluish color, cold hands, or a swollen arm) Weakness of the muscles in the hand.
Your health care provider will examine you and ask about your medical history and symptoms. The following tests may be done to confirm the diagnosis: Electromyography (EMG) CT angiogram MRI Nerve conduction velocity study X-ray Tests are also done to rule out other problems, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or a damaged nerve due to problems in the neck.
Physical therapy is often used to treat thoracic outlet syndrome. It helps: Make your shoulder muscles stronger Improve your range of motion in the shoulder Promote better posture Your provider may prescribe pain medicine. If there is pressure on a vein, your provider may give you a blood thinner to prevent a blood clot. You may need surgery if physical therapy and changes in activity do not improve your symptoms. The surgeon may make a cut either under your armpit or just above your collarbone. During surgery, the following may be done: An extra rib is removed and certain muscles are cut. A section of the first rib is removed to release pressure in the area. Bypass surgery is done to reroute blood around the compression or remove the area that is causing the symptoms. Your doctor may also suggest other alternatives, including angioplasty , if the artery is narrowed.
Surgery to remove the extra rib and break up tight fiber bands may ease symptoms in some people. Some people have symptoms that return after surgery.
Complications can occur with any surgery, and depend on the type of procedure and anesthesia. Risks related to this surgery include: Damage to nerves or blood vessels, causing muscle weakness Lung collapse Failure to relieve the symptoms.
Thoracic outlet anatomy Thoracic outlet anatomy.
Filler AG. Brachial plexus nerve entrapments and thoracic outlet syndromes.
ThreadwormBIO422,423,732,4412Common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. See Enterobius Vermicularis, Pinworm, and Anal Itching programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Threadworm :
Threadworm infections - Strongyloiciasis - Strongyloides stercoralis (intestinal nematode)
ThreadwormVEGA423,732,4412Common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. See Enterobius Vermicularis, Pinworm, and Anal Itching programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Threadworm :
Threadworm infections - Strongyloiciasis - Strongyloides stercoralis (intestinal nematode)
Throat and Lymph NodesXTRA20,146,380,440,522,660,690,727.5,760,776,784,802,1550,880,1600swollen lymph nodes will be close to where the problem is. When you have strep throat, lymph nodes in your neck may swell.
ThrombastheniaETDF100,520,780,5250,22500,47500,100000,342060,475160,527000Abnormality of blood platelets, causing coagulation problems.
Thromboangiitis ObliteransETDF100,580,780,5250,21800,49500,158000,342060,475160,533000,762110Recurring progressive inflammation and clot formation in small and medium blood vessels of hands and feet, usually in smokers.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thromboangiitis Obliterans :
Thromboangiitis obliterans. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) is caused by small blood vessels that become inflamed and swollen. The blood vessels then narrow or get blocked by blood clots (thrombosis). Blood vessels of the hands and feet are mostly affected. Arteries are more affected than veins. Average age when symptoms begin is around 35. Women and older adults are affected less often. This condition mostly affects young men ages 20 to 45 who are heavy smokers or chew tobacco. Female smokers in Western countries may also be affected. Many people with this problem have poor dental health, most likely due to tobacco use.
Symptoms most often affect 2 or more limbs and may include: Fingers or toes that appear pale, red, or bluish and feel cold to the touch. Sudden severe pain in the hands and feet. The pain may feel like a burning or tingling. Pain in the hands and feet that most often occurs when at rest. The pain may be worse when the hands and feet get cold or during emotional stress. Pain in the legs , ankles, or feet when walking (intermittent claudication). The pain is often located in the arch of the foot. Skin changes or small painful ulcers on the fingers or toes.
The following tests may show blockage of blood vessels in the affected hands or feet: Ultrasound of the extremity, called plethysmography Doppler ultrasound of the extremity Blood tests for other causes of inflamed blood vessels (vasculitis) and blocked (occlusion of) blood vessels may be done. These causes include diabetes , scleroderma , and atherosclerosis. There are no blood tests that diagnose thromboangiitis obliterans. A heart echocardiogram may be done to look for sources of blood clots. In rare cases when the diagnosis is unclear, a biopsy of the blood vessel is done.
There is no cure for thromboangiitis obliterans. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and prevent the disease from getting worse. Stopping tobacco use of any kind is key to controlling the disease. Smoking cessation treatments are strongly recommended. It is also important to avoid cold temperatures and other conditions that reduce blood flow in the hands and feet. Applying warmth and doing gentle exercises can help increase circulation. Aspirin and medicines that open the blood vessels (vasodilators) may help. In very bad cases, surgery to cut the nerves to the area (surgical sympathectomy) can help control pain. It may become necessary to amputate the fingers or toes if the area becomes very infected and tissue dies.
Symptoms of thromboangiitis obliterans may go away if the person stops tobacco use. People who continue to use tobacco may need repeated amputations.
Complications include: Tissue death ( gangrene ) Amputation of fingers or toes Loss of blood flow in the limb of the affected fingers or toes.
Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of thromboangiitis obliterans. You have thromboangiitis obliterans and symptoms get worse, even with treatment. You develop new symptoms.
People with a history of Raynaud phenomenon or blue, painful fingers or toes, especially with ulcers, should not use any form of tobacco.
Buerger disease.
Thromboangiites obliterans Thromboangiites obliterans Circulatory system Circulatory system.
Akar AR, Durdu S. Thromboangiitis obliterans.
ThrombocytopeniaETDF130,400,7250,42500,92500,322530,479500,527000,667000,987230Blood platelet deficiency. See Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency, and Blood Platelet Disorders programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrombocytopenia :
Thrombocytopenia - drug induced. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia occurs when certain medicines destroy platelets or interfere with the body's ability to make enough of them. There are two types of drug-induced thrombocytopenia: immune and nonimmune. If a medicine causes your body to produce antibodies , which seek and destroy your platelets, the condition is called drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Heparin, a blood thinner, is the most common cause of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. If a medicine prevents your bone marrow from making enough platelets, the condition is called drug-induced nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Chemotherapy drugs and a seizure medicine called valproic acid may lead to this problem. Other medicines that cause drug-induced thrombocytopenia include: Furosemide Gold, used to treat arthritis Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Penicillin Quinidine Quinine Ranitidine Sulfonamides Linezolid and other antibiotics.
Decreased platelets may cause: Abnormal bleeding Bleeding when you brush your teeth Easy bruising Pinpoint red spots on the skin ( petechiae ).
The first step is to stop using the medicine that is causing the problem. For people who have life-threatening bleeding, treatments may include: Immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) given through a vein Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) Platelet transfusions Corticosteroid medicine.
Bleeding can be life threatening if it occurs in the brain or other organs. A pregnant woman who has antibodies to platelets may pass the antibodies to the baby in the womb.
Call your healthcare provider if you have unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia; Immune thrombocytopenia - drug.
Blood clot formation Blood clot formation Blood clots Blood clots.
Abrams CS. Thrombocytopenia.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrombocytopenia :
Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is often divided into 3 major causes of low platelets: Not enough platelets are made in the bone marrow Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream Increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen or liver Your bone marrow may not make enough platelets if you have any of the following conditions: Aplastic anemia (disorder in which the bone marrow does not make enough blood cells) Cancer in the bone marrow, such as leukemia Cirrhosis (liver scarring) Folate deficiency Infections in the bone marrow (very rare) Myelodysplastic syndrome (bone marrow does not make enough blood cells or makes defective cells) Vitamin B12 deficiency Use of certain drugs may also lead to a low production of platelets in the bone marrow. The most common example is chemotherapy treatment. The following health conditions cause increased breakdown of platelets: Disorder in which the proteins that control blood clotting become over active, most often during a serious illness ( DIC ) Drug-induced low platelet count Enlarged spleen Disorder in which the immune system destroys platelets ( ITP ) Disorder that causes blood clots to form in small blood vessels, causing a low platelet count ( TTP ).
You may not have any symptoms. Or you may have general symptoms, such as: Bleeding in the mouth and gums Bruising Nosebleeds Rash (pinpoint red spots called petechiae) Other symptoms depend on the cause.
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history and symptoms. The following tests may be done: Complete blood count (CBC) Blood clotting tests ( PTT and PT ) Other tests that may help diagnose this condition include bone marrow aspiration or biopsy.
Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, a transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding.
The outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.
Severe bleeding (hemorrhage) is the main complication. Bleeding may occur in the brain or gastrointestinal tract.
Call your provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Prevention depends on the specific cause.
Low platelet count - thrombocytopenia.
Abrams CS. Thrombocytopenia.
ThrombophlebitisCAFL1500,776,685Inflammation of vein walls from clotting. Use on lab animals only? See Circulatory Stasis.
Blood

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrombophlebitis :
Thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis may affect deeper, larger veins or veins near the skin surface. Most of the time, it occurs in the pelvis and legs. Blood clots may form when something slows or changes the flow of blood in the veins. Risk factors include: A pacemaker catheter that has been passed through the vein in the groin Bed rest or sitting in one position for too long such as plane travel Family history of blood clots Fractures in the pelvis or legs Giving birth within the last 6 months Pregnancy Obesity Recent surgery (most commonly hip, knee, or female pelvic surgery) Too many blood cells being made by the bone marrow, causing the blood to be thicker than normal (polycythemia vera) Having an indwelling (long-term) catheter in a blood vessel Blood is more likely to clot in someone who has certain problems or disorders, such as: Cancer Certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus Cigarette smoking Conditions that make it more likely to develop blood clots Taking estrogens or birth control pills (this risk is even higher with smoking).
The following symptoms are often associated with thrombophlebitis: Swelling in the part of the body affected Pain in the part of the body affected Skin redness (not always present) Warmth and tenderness over the vein.
The health care provider can usually diagnose the condition based on how the affected area looks. Your provider will frequently check your vital signs. This is to make sure you don't have complications. If the cause cannot be easily identified, one or more of the following tests may be done: Blood coagulation studies Doppler ultrasound Venography.
Support stockings and wraps can help to reduce discomfort. Your provider may prescribe medicines such as: Painkillers Blood thinners to prevent new clots from forming, most often only prescribed when deep veins are involved Medicines such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and swelling Medicines injected into the vein to dissolve an existing clot You may be told to do the following: Keep pressure off the area to reduce pain and decrease the risk for further damage. Raise the affected area to reduce swelling. Rare treatment options are: Surgical removal of a vein near the surface Vein stripping Bypass of the vein.
Prompt treatment can treat thrombophlebitis and its other forms.
Complications of thrombosis include: Blood clot in the lungs ( pulmonary embolism ) Chronic pain Swelling in the leg.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of thrombophlebitis. Call your provider right away if: Your symptoms do not improve with treatment. Your symptoms get worse. New symptoms occur (such as an entire limb becoming pale , cold, or swollen).
Routine changing of intravenous (IV) lines helps to prevent thrombophlebitis related to IVs. If you are taking a long car or plane trip: Walk or stretch your legs once in a while Drink plenty of liquids Wear support hose If you are hospitalized, your provider may prescribe medicine to prevent thrombophlebitis.
Phlebitis; Deep vein thrombosis - thrombophlebitis.
Deep venous thrombosis, ileofemoral Deep venous thrombosis, iliofemoral Venous blood clot Venous blood clot.
Benrashid E, Youngwirth LM, Turley RS, Mureebe L. Venous thromboembolism: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
ThrombophlebitisETDF240,780,13980,96500,375160,475110,527000,663710,752700,985670Inflammation of vein walls from clotting. Use on lab animals only? See Circulatory Stasis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrombophlebitis :
Thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis may affect deeper, larger veins or veins near the skin surface. Most of the time, it occurs in the pelvis and legs. Blood clots may form when something slows or changes the flow of blood in the veins. Risk factors include: A pacemaker catheter that has been passed through the vein in the groin Bed rest or sitting in one position for too long such as plane travel Family history of blood clots Fractures in the pelvis or legs Giving birth within the last 6 months Pregnancy Obesity Recent surgery (most commonly hip, knee, or female pelvic surgery) Too many blood cells being made by the bone marrow, causing the blood to be thicker than normal (polycythemia vera) Having an indwelling (long-term) catheter in a blood vessel Blood is more likely to clot in someone who has certain problems or disorders, such as: Cancer Certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus Cigarette smoking Conditions that make it more likely to develop blood clots Taking estrogens or birth control pills (this risk is even higher with smoking).
The following symptoms are often associated with thrombophlebitis: Swelling in the part of the body affected Pain in the part of the body affected Skin redness (not always present) Warmth and tenderness over the vein.
The health care provider can usually diagnose the condition based on how the affected area looks. Your provider will frequently check your vital signs. This is to make sure you don't have complications. If the cause cannot be easily identified, one or more of the following tests may be done: Blood coagulation studies Doppler ultrasound Venography.
Support stockings and wraps can help to reduce discomfort. Your provider may prescribe medicines such as: Painkillers Blood thinners to prevent new clots from forming, most often only prescribed when deep veins are involved Medicines such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and swelling Medicines injected into the vein to dissolve an existing clot You may be told to do the following: Keep pressure off the area to reduce pain and decrease the risk for further damage. Raise the affected area to reduce swelling. Rare treatment options are: Surgical removal of a vein near the surface Vein stripping Bypass of the vein.
Prompt treatment can treat thrombophlebitis and its other forms.
Complications of thrombosis include: Blood clot in the lungs ( pulmonary embolism ) Chronic pain Swelling in the leg.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of thrombophlebitis. Call your provider right away if: Your symptoms do not improve with treatment. Your symptoms get worse. New symptoms occur (such as an entire limb becoming pale , cold, or swollen).
Routine changing of intravenous (IV) lines helps to prevent thrombophlebitis related to IVs. If you are taking a long car or plane trip: Walk or stretch your legs once in a while Drink plenty of liquids Wear support hose If you are hospitalized, your provider may prescribe medicine to prevent thrombophlebitis.
Phlebitis; Deep vein thrombosis - thrombophlebitis.
Deep venous thrombosis, ileofemoral Deep venous thrombosis, iliofemoral Venous blood clot Venous blood clot.
Benrashid E, Youngwirth LM, Turley RS, Mureebe L. Venous thromboembolism: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
ThrombosisETDF140,490,730,950,7500,2500,20000,112330,376290,534250Formation of blood clot affecting blood flow.
Thrombosis Infective Herpes TypeCAFL2720,2489,2170,1800,1550,802,880,787,727,444,125,95,72,20,444,1865,1489Formation of blood clot affecting blood flow, associated with Herpesviridae infections. Not to be used with Arrhythmia.
ThrushCAFL414,465Candidiasis, usually oral, with white or light brown tongue coating, or vaginal. Also see Stomatitis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrush :
Thrush - Candida albicans (yeast)

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrush :
Thrush - children and adults. Certain germs normally live in our bodies. These include bacteria and fungi. While most germs are harmless, some can cause infection under certain conditions. Thrush occurs in children and adults when conditions permit too much growth of a fungus called candida in your mouth. A small amount of this fungus normally lives in your mouth. It is most often kept in check by your immune system and other germs that also live in your mouth. When your immune system is weak or when normal bacteria die, too much of the fungus can grow. You are more likely to get thrush if: You are in poor health. You are very old. Young babies are also more likely to develop thrush. You have HIV or AIDS. You are receiving chemotherapy or drugs that weaken the immune system. You are taking steroid medicine, including some inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). You have diabetes mellitus and your blood sugar is high. When your blood sugar is high, some of the extra sugar is found in your saliva and acts as food for candida. You take antibiotics. Antibiotics kill some of the healthy bacteria that keep candida from growing too much. Your dentures do not fit well. Candida can also cause yeast infections in the vagina. Thrush in newborns is somewhat common and easy to treat.
Symptoms of thrush include: White, velvety sores in the mouth and on the tongue Some bleeding when you brush your teeth or scrape the sores Pain when swallowing.
Your health care provider or dentist can usually diagnose thrush by looking at your mouth and tongue. The sores are easy to recognize. To confirm you have thrush, your provider may: Take a sample of a mouth sore by gently scraping it. Examine mouth scrapings under a microscope. In severe cases, thrush can grow in your esophagus as well. The esophagus is the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. If this occurs, your provider may: Take a throat culture to see what germs are causing your thrush. Examine your esophagus and stomach with a flexible, lighted scope with a camera on the end.
If you get mild thrush after taking antibiotics, eat yogurt or take over-the-counter acidophilus pills. This may help restore a healthy balance of germs in your mouth. For a more severe case of thrush, your provider may prescribe: Antifungal mouthwash (nystatin). Lozenges (clotrimazole). Antifungal medicines taken as a pill or syrup, these medicines include fluconazole (Diflucan) or itraconazole (Sporanox).
Oral thrush can be cured. However, if your immune system is weak, thrush may come back or cause more serious problems.
If your immune system is weakened, candida can spread throughout your body, causing a serious infection. This infection might affect your: Brain ( meningitis ) Esophagus (esophagitis) Eyes ( endophthalmitis ) Heart ( endocarditis ) Joints ( arthritis ).
Call your provider if: You have thrush-like sores. You have pain or difficulty swallowing. You have symptoms of thrush and you are HIV positive, receiving chemotherapy, or you take medicines to suppress your immune system.
If you get thrush often, your provider may recommend taking antifungal medicine on a regular basis to keep thrush from coming back. If you have diabetes mellitus, you can help prevent thrush by keeping good control of your blood sugar levels.
Candidiasis - oral; Oral thrush; Fungal infection - mouth; Candida - oral.
Candida, fluorescent stain Candida, fluorescent stain Mouth anatomy Mouth anatomy.
Edwards JE. Candida species.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thrush :
Thrush in newborns. Certain germs normally live in our bodies. While most germs are harmless, some can cause infection. Thrush occurs when too much of a yeast called Candida albicans grows in a baby's mouth. Germs called bacteria and fungi naturally grow in our bodies. Our immune system helps keep these germs in check. But, babies do not have fully formed immune systems. That makes it easier for too much yeast (a type of fungus) to grow. Thrush often occurs when mother or baby has taken antibiotics. Antibiotics treat infections from bacteria. They can also kill 'good' bacteria, and this allows yeast to grow. The yeast thrives in warm, moist areas. The baby's mouth and the mother's nipples are perfect places for a yeast infection. Babies can also get a yeast infection on the diaper area at the same time. The yeast gets in the baby's stool and can cause a diaper rash.
Symptoms of thrush in the baby include: White, velvety sores in the mouth and on the tongue Wiping the sores may cause bleeding Redness in the mouth Diaper rash Mood changes, such as being very fussy Refusing to nurse because of soreness Some babies may not feel anything at all. Symptoms of thrush in the mother include: Deep-pink, cracked, and sore nipples Tenderness and pain during and after nursing.
Your health care provider can often diagnose thrush by looking at your baby's mouth and tongue. The sores are easy to recognize.
Your baby might not need any treatment. Thrush often goes away on its own in a few days. Your provider may prescribe antifungal medicine to treat thrush. You paint this medicine on your baby's mouth and tongue. If you have a yeast infection on your nipples, your provider may recommend an over-the-counter or prescription antifungal cream. You put this on your nipples to treat the infection. If both you and your baby have the infection, you both need to be treated at the same time. Otherwise, you can pass the infection back and forth.
Thrush in babies is very common and can easily be treated. But, let your provider know if thrush keeps coming back. It may be a sign of another health issue.
Call your provider if: Your baby has symptoms of thrush Your baby refuses to eat You have symptoms of a yeast infection on your nipples.
You may not be able to prevent thrush, but these steps may help: If you bottle feed your baby, clean and sterilize all equipment, including nipples. Clean and sterilize pacifiers and other toys that go in baby's mouth. Change diapers often to help prevent yeast from causing diaper rash. Be sure to treat your nipples if you have a yeast infection.
Candidiasis - oral - newborn; Oral thrush - newborn; Fungal infection - mouth - newborn; Candida - oral - newborn.
Balest AL, Riley MM, Bogen DL. Neonatology.
Thygeson's Superficial Punctate KeratitisETDF100,220,32500,52500,150000,175110,479930,667000,789000,987230Damage to corneal epithelium, with red eye, foreign body sensation, tearing, and burning.
ThymomaETDF170,520,42500,72500,97500,379930,512330,682020,759830,927100Uncommon tumor of thymus, most associated with Myasthenia Gravis. Also see Cancer Thymoma programs.
Thymus Gland StimulantXTRA20,727,787,880,5000Other uses: drug addiction, fascia, all fevers, gallbladder, stomach/colon, hip pain, giddiness, eye/bifocal, hysterical symptoms, tinnitus, elbow pain, dandruff, pressure in head.
ThyroidXTRA12Other uses: throat, vocal cords, expression, social self, centering/balance, stimulate mental clarity.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid cancer - medullary carcinoma. The cause of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) is unknown. MTC is very rare. It can occur in children and adults. Unlike other types of thyroid cancer, MTC is less likely to be caused by radiation therapy to the neck given to treat other cancers during childhood. There are two forms of MTC: Sporadic MTC, which does not run in families. Most MTCs are sporadic. This form mainly affects older adults. Inherited MTC, which runs in families. You have an increased risk for this type of cancer if you have: A family history of MTC A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) Had prior history of pheochromocytoma , mucosal neuromas, hyperparathyroidism or pancreatic endocrine tumors Other types of thyroid cancer include: Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid Follicular tumor of the thyroid Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid Thyroid lymphoma.
MTC often begins as a small lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland. There may also be lymph node swelling in the neck. As a result, symptoms may include: Swelling of the neck Hoarseness Breathing problems due to narrowing of airways Cough Cough with blood Diarrhea due to high calcitonin level.
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. Tests that may be used to diagnose MTC include: Calcitonin blood test CEA blood test Genetic testing Thyroid biopsy Ultrasound of the thyroid PET scan People with MTC should be checked for certain other tumors, especially pheochromocytoma.
Treatment involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland and surrounding lymph nodes. Because this is an uncommon tumor, surgery should be performed by a surgeon who is familiar with this type of cancer and experienced with the operation required. Chemotherapy and radiation do not work very well for this type of cancer. Radiation is used in some people after surgery. New treatments are being investigated in clinical trials. Your provider can tell you more about these, if needed.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
People with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid live at least 5 years after diagnosis, depending upon the stage of the cancer. Women have better prognosis than men. The 10 year survival rate is 75%.
Complications may include: Cancer spreads to other areas of the body Parathyroid glands are accidentally removed during surgery.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Prevention may not be possible. But, being aware of your risk factors, especially your family history, may allow for early diagnosis and treatment. For people who have a very strong family history of MTC, the option to remove the thyroid gland may be recommended. You should carefully discuss this option with a doctor who is very familiar with the disease.
Thyroid - medullary carcinoma; Cancer - thyroid (medullary carcinoma); MTC; Thyroid nodule - medullary.
Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
National Cancer Institute website. Thyroid cancer treatment (adult) (PDQ) - health professional version. www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/thyroid-treatment-pdq. Updated February 1, 2018. Accessed March 22, 2018. Smith PW, Hanks LR, Salomone LJ, Hanks JB. Thyroid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid cancer - papillary carcinoma. About 85% of all thyroid cancers diagnosed in the United States are the papillary carcinoma type. It is more common in women than in men. It may occur in childhood, but is most often seen in adults between ages 20 and 60. The cause of this cancer is unknown. A genetic defect or family history of the disease may also be a risk factor. Radiation increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Exposure may occur from: High-dose external radiation treatments to the neck, especially during childhood, used to treat childhood cancer or some noncancerous childhood conditions Radiation exposure from nuclear plant disasters Radiation given through a vein (through an IV) during medical tests and treatments does not increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer often begins as a small lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland. While some small lumps may be cancer, most (90%) thyroid nodules are harmless and are not cancerous. Most of the time, there are no other symptoms.
If you have a lump on your thyroid, your health care provider will order blood tests and possibly an ultrasound of the thyroid gland. If the ultrasound shows that the lump is less than 1 centimeter, a special procedure called a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may be performed. This test helps determine if the lump is cancerous. CT scan of the neck may also be done to determine the size of the tumor. Thyroid function tests are often normal in people with thyroid cancer.
There are three types of thyroid cancer treatment: Surgery Radioactive iodine Medicine Surgery is done to remove as much of the cancer as possible. The bigger the lump, the more of the thyroid gland must be removed. Often, the entire gland is taken out. After the surgery, you may receive radioiodine therapy, which is often taken by mouth. This substance kills any remaining thyroid tissue. It also helps make medical images clearer, so doctors can see if there is any cancer left behind or if it comes back later. If surgery is not an option, external radiation therapy can be useful. After surgery or radioiodine therapy, you will need to take medicine called levothyroxine for the rest of your life. This replaces the hormone the thyroid would normally make. Your provider will likely have you take a blood test every several months to check thyroid hormone levels. Other follow-up tests that may be done after treatment for thyroid cancer include: Ultrasound of the thyroid An imaging test called a radioactive iodine (I-131) uptake scan Repeat FNAB.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
The survival rate for papillary thyroid cancer is excellent. More than 90% of adults with this cancer survive at least 10 to 20 years. The prognosis is better for people who are younger than 40 and for those with smaller tumors. The following factors may decrease the survival rate: Older than 55 Cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body Cancer that has spread to soft tissue Large tumor.
Complications include: Accidental removal of the parathyroid gland, which helps regulate blood calcium levels Damage to a nerve that controls the vocal cords Spreading of cancer to lymph nodes (rare) Spreading of cancer to other sites ( metastasis ).
Call your provider if you have a lump in your neck.
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Endocrine glands Endocrine glands Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
Kwon D, Lee S. Invasive thyroid cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can occur in people of any age. Radiation increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Exposure may occur from: Radiation therapy to the neck (especially in childhood) Radiation exposure from nuclear plant disasters Other risk factors are a family history of thyroid cancer and chronic goiter (enlarged thyroid). There are several types of thyroid cancer: Anaplastic carcinoma (also called giant and spindle cell cancer) is the most dangerous form of thyroid cancer. It is rare, and spreads quickly. Follicular tumor is more likely to come back and spread. Medullary carcinoma is a cancer of non-thyroid cells that are normally present in the thyroid gland. This form of thyroid cancer tends to occur in families. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type, and it usually affects women of childbearing age. It spreads slowly and is the least dangerous type of thyroid cancer.
Symptoms vary depending on the type of thyroid cancer, but may include: Cough Difficulty swallowing Enlargement of the thyroid gland Hoarseness or changing voice Neck swelling Thyroid lump (nodule).
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may reveal a lump in the thyroid, or swollen lymph nodes in the neck. The following tests may be done: Calcitonin blood test to check for medullary thyroid cancer Laryngoscopy (looking inside the throat using a mirror or flexible tube called a laryngoscope placed through the mouth) Thyroid biopsy Thyroid scan TSH , free T4 (blood tests for thyroid function) Ultrasound of the thyroid CT scan of the neck (to determine the extent of the cancerous mass) PET scan.
Treatment depends on the type of thyroid cancer. Treatment of most thyroid cancer types is effective if diagnosed early. Surgery is most often done. The entire thyroid gland is usually removed. If your provider suspects that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, these will also be removed. Radiation therapy may be done with or without surgery. It may be performed by: Aiming external beam (x-ray) radiation at the thyroid Taking radioactive iodine by mouth After treatment for thyroid cancer, you must take thyroid hormone pills for the rest of your life. The dosage is usually slightly higher than what your body needs. This helps keep the cancer from coming back. The pills also replace the thyroid hormone your body needs to function normally. If the cancer does not respond to surgery or radiation, and has spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used. These are only effective for a small number of people.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
Complications of thyroid cancer may include: Injury to the voice box and hoarseness after thyroid surgery Low calcium level from accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery Spread of the cancer to the lungs, bones, or other parts of the body.
Call your provider if you notice a lump in your neck.
There is no known prevention. Awareness of risk (such as previous radiation therapy to the neck) can allow earlier diagnosis and treatment. Sometimes, people with family histories and genetic mutations related to thyroid cancer will have their thyroid gland removed to prevent cancer.
Tumor - thyroid; Cancer - thyroid; Nodule - thyroid cancer; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; Follicular thyroid cancer.
Thyroid gland removal - discharge.
Endocrine glands Endocrine glands Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Thyroid cancer - CT scan Incision for thyroid gland surgery Incision for thyroid gland surgery Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
Kim M, Ladenson PW. Thyroid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid function tests. Thyroid function test Thyroid function test.
Guber HA, Farag AF. Evaluation of endocrine function.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid gland removal - discharge. Depending on the reason for the surgery, either all or part of your thyroid was removed. You probably spent 1 to 3 days in the hospital.
You may have a drain with a bulb coming from your incision. This drain removes any blood or other fluids that might build up in this area. You may have some pain and soreness in your neck at first, especially when you swallow. Your voice may be a little hoarse for the first week. You will probably be able to start your everyday activities in just a few weeks. If you had thyroid cancer, you may need to have radioactive iodine treatment soon. Get plenty of rest when you get home. Keep your head raised while you are sleeping for the first week.
Your surgeon may have prescribed a narcotic pain medicine. Or, you may take over-the-counter pain medicine, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol). Take your pain medicines as instructed. You may put a cold compress on your surgical cut for 15 minutes at a time to ease pain and swelling. DO NOT put the ice directly on your skin. Wrap the compress or ice in a towel to prevent cold injury to the skin. Keep the area dry.
Follow instructions on how to care for your incision. If the incision was covered with skin glue or surgical tape strips, you may shower with soap the day after surgery. Pat the area dry. The tape will fall off after a few weeks. If your incision was closed with stitches, ask your surgeon when you can shower. If you have a drainage bulb, empty it 2 times a day. Keep track of the amount of fluid you empty each time. Your surgeon will tell you when it is time to remove the drain. Change your wound dressing the way your nurse showed you.
You can eat whatever you like after surgery. Try to eat healthy foods. You may find it hard to swallow at first. If so, it may be easier to drink liquids and eat soft foods such as pudding, Jello, mashed potatoes, apple sauce, or yogurt. Pain medicines can cause constipation. Eating high-fiber foods and drinking plenty of fluids will help make your stools softer. If this does not help, try using a fiber product. You can buy this at a drug store.
Give yourself time to heal. DO NOT do any strenuous activities, such as heavy lifting, jogging, or swimming for the first few weeks. Slowly start your normal activities when you feel ready. DO NOT drive if you are taking narcotic pain medicines. Cover your incision with clothing or very strong sunscreen when you are in the sun for the first year after surgery. This will make your scar show less.
You may need to take thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to replace your natural thyroid hormone. You may not need hormone replacement if only part of your thyroid was removed. See your doctor for regular blood tests and to go over your symptoms. Your doctor will change the dosage of your hormone medicine based on your blood tests and symptoms. You may not start thyroid hormone replacement right away, especially if you had thyroid cancer.
You will probably see your surgeon in about 2 weeks after surgery. If you have stitches or a drain, your surgeon will remove them. You may need long-term care from an endocrinologist. This is a doctor who treats problems with glands and hormones.
Call your surgeon or nurse if you have: Increased soreness or pain around your incision Redness or swelling of your incision Bleeding from your incision Fever of 100.5 F (38 C), or higher Chest pain or discomfort A weak voice Difficulty eating A lot of coughing Numbness or tingling in your face or lips.
Total thyroidectomy - discharge; Partial thyroidectomy - discharge; Thyroidectomy - discharge; Subtotal thyroidectomy - discharge.
Lai SY, Mandel SJ, Weber RS. Management of thyroid neoplasms.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid gland removal. Depending on the reason you are having your thyroid gland removed, the type of thyroidectomy you have will be either a: Total thyroidectomy, which removes the entire gland Subtotal or partial thyroidectomy, which removes part of the thyroid gland You will have general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free) for this surgery. In rare cases, the surgery is done with local anesthesia and medicine to relax you. You will be awake, but pain-free. During the surgery: The surgeon makes a horizontal cut in the front of your lower neck just above the collar bones. All or part of the gland is removed through the cut. The surgeon is careful not to damage the blood vessels and nerves in your neck. A small tube (catheter) may be placed into the area to help drain blood and other fluids that build up. The drain will be removed in 1 or 2 days. The cuts are closed with sutures (stitches). Surgery to remove your whole thyroid may take up to 4 hours. It may take less time if only part of the thyroid is removed.
Your doctor may recommend thyroid removal if you have any of the following: A small thyroid growth ( nodule or cyst) A thyroid gland that is so overactive it is dangerous ( thyrotoxicosis ) Cancer of the thyroid Noncancerous (benign) tumors of the thyroid that are causing symptoms Thyroid swelling ( nontoxic goiter ) that makes it hard for you to breathe or swallow You may also have surgery if you have an overactive thyroid gland and do not want to have radioactive iodine treatment, or you cannot be treated with antithyroid medicines.
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general include: Reactions to medicines, breathing problems Bleeding , blood clots, infection Risks of thyroidectomy include: Injury to the nerves in your vocal cords and larynx. Bleeding and possible airway obstruction. A sharp rise in thyroid hormone levels (only around the time of surgery). Injury to the parathyroid glands (small glands near the thyroid) or to their blood supply. This can cause a temporary low level of calcium in your blood ( hypocalcemia ). Too much thyroid hormone (thyroid storm). If you have an overactive thyroid gland, you will be treated with medicine.
During the weeks before your surgery: You may need to have tests that show exactly where the abnormal thyroid growth is located. This will help the surgeon find the growth during surgery. You may have a CT scan , ultrasound , or other imaging tests. Your doctor may also do a fine needle aspiration to find out if the growth is noncancerous or cancerous. Before surgery, your vocal cord function may be checked. You may also need thyroid medicine or iodine treatments 1 to 2 weeks before your surgery. Several days to a week before surgery: You may be asked to temporarily stop taking blood thinning medicines. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), among others. Fill any prescriptions for pain medicine and calcium you will need after surgery. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, even those bought without a prescription. This includes herbs and supplements. Ask your provider which medicines you should still take on the day of surgery. If you smoke, try to stop. Ask your provider for help. On the day of surgery: Follow instructions about when to stop eating and drinking. Take any medicines that your provider told you to take with a small sip of water. Be sure to arrive at the hospital on time.
You will probably go home the day of or the day after surgery. In rare cases, you may need to spend up to 3 days in the hospital. You must be able to swallow liquids before you can go home. Your provider may check the calcium level in your blood after surgery. This is done more often when the whole thyroid gland is removed. You may have some pain after surgery. Ask your provider for instructions on how to take pain medicines after you go home. It should take about 3 to 4 weeks for you to fully recover. Follow any instructions for taking care of yourself after you go home.
Outcome of this surgery is usually excellent. Most people need to take thyroid hormone pills (thyroid hormone replacement) for the rest of their lives when the whole gland is removed.
Total thyroidectomy; Partial thyroidectomy; Thyroidectomy; Subtotal thyroidectomy; Thyroid cancer - thyroidectomy; Papillary cancer - thyroidectomy; Goiter - thyroidectomy; Thyroid nodules - thyroidectomy.
Surgical wound care - open Thyroid gland removal - discharge.
Child thyroid anatomy Child thyroid anatomy Thyroidectomy - Series Thyroidectomy - series Incision for thyroid gland surgery Incision for thyroid gland surgery.
Kaplan EL, Angelos P, James BC, Nagar S, Grogan RH. Surgery of the thyroid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid nodule. Thyroid nodules are growths of cells in the thyroid gland. These growths can be: Not cancer (benign) or thyroid cancer (malignant) Fluid-filled (cysts) One nodule or a group of small nodules Producing thyroid hormones (hot nodule) or not making thyroid hormones (cold nodule) Thyroid nodules are more common in women than in men. A person's chance of getting a thyroid nodule increases with age. Only a few thyroid nodules are due to thyroid cancer. A thyroid nodule is more likely to be cancer if you: Have a hard nodule Have a nodule that is stuck to nearby structures Have a family history of thyroid cancer Have noticed a change in your voice Are younger than 20 or older than 70 Have a history of radiation exposure to the head or neck Are male Causes of thyroid nodules are not always found, but can include: Hashimoto's disease Lack of iodine in the diet.
Most thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms. Large nodules can press against other structures in the neck. This can cause symptoms such as: A visible goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Hoarseness or changing voice Pain in the neck Problems breathing , especially when lying down flat Problems swallowing food Nodules that produce thyroid hormones will likely cause symptoms of overactive thyroid gland , including: Warm, sweaty skin Fast pulse Increased appetite Nervousness Restlessness Skin blushing or flushing Weight loss Irregular menstrual periods Older people with a nodule that produces too much thyroid hormone may have only vague symptoms, including: Fatigue Palpitations Chest pain Memory loss Thyroid nodules are sometimes found in people who have Hashimoto's disease. This may cause symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland, such as: Dry skin Face swelling Fatigue Hair loss Feeling cold when other people do not Weight gain Irregular menstrual periods Very often, nodules produce no symptoms. Health care providers find thyroid nodules only during a routine physical exam or imaging tests that are done for another reason. A few people have thyroid nodules that are big enough that they notice the nodule on their own, and ask a provider to examine their neck.
If a provider finds a nodule or you have symptoms of a nodule, the following tests may be done: TSH level and other thyroid blood tests Thyroid ultrasound Thyroid scan (nuclear medicine) Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule or of multiple nodules.
Your provider may recommend surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland if the nodule is: Due to thyroid cancer Causing symptoms such as swallowing or breathing problems If the fine needle biopsy is inconclusive, and your provider can't tell whether the nodule is a cancer Making too much thyroid hormone People with nodules that are making too much thyroid hormone may be treated with radioiodine therapy. This reduces the size and activity of the nodule. Pregnant women are not given this treatment. Both surgery to remove thyroid gland tissue and radioactive iodine treatment can cause lifelong hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). This condition needs to be treated with thyroid hormone replacement. For noncancerous nodules that do not cause symptoms and are not growing, the best treatment may be: Careful follow-up with a physical exam and ultrasound A thyroid biopsy repeated 6 to 12 months after diagnosis, especially if the nodule has grown Another possible treatment is an ethanol (alcohol) injection into the nodule to shrink it.
Noncancerous thyroid nodules are not life-threatening. Many do not require treatment. Follow-up exams are enough. The outlook for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer. For most common kinds of thyroid cancer, the outlook is very good after treatment.
Call your health care provider if you feel or see a lump in your neck, or if you have any symptoms of a thyroid nodule. If you have been exposed to radiation in the face or neck area, call your provider. A neck ultrasound can be done to look for thyroid nodules.
Thyroid tumor - nodule; Thyroid adenoma - nodule; Thyroid carcinoma - nodule; Thyroid cancer - nodule; Thyroid incidentaloma; Hot nodule; Cold nodule; Thyrotoxicosis - nodule; Hyperthyroidism - nodule.
Thyroid gland removal - discharge.
Thyroid gland biopsy Thyroid gland biopsy.
Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010;16(suppl 1):1-43. Kim M, Ladenson P. Thyroid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid preparation overdose. These ingredients in thyroid medicines can be poisonous if a person takes too much of the medicine: Levothyroxine Liothyronine Liotrix Other thyroid medicine Other thyroid preparations may also contain harmful ingredients.
The poisonous ingredients may be found in these medicines with these brand names: Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) Liothyronine (Cytomel) Liotrix (Thyrolar, Euthyroid) Other thyroid medicine.
Symptoms of poisoning with this type of medicine include: Changes in menstrual pattern Chest pain Confusion Convulsions , tremors Dilated pupils Diarrhea Excessive sweating , skin flushing Fever Headache High blood pressure Irritability, nervousness Irregular heartbeat Muscle weakness Nausea and vomiting Rapid heartbeat Shock.
Seek medical help right away. DO NOT make a person throw up unless poison control or a health care provider tells you to do so.
Have this information ready: Person's age, weight, and condition The name of the product (ingredients and strength, if known) The time it was swallowed The amount swallowed If the medicine was prescribed for the person.
Your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions. This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Take the container with you to the hospital, if possible. The provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated. The person may receive: Activated charcoal Blood and urine tests Breathing support, including oxygen Chest x-ray ECG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) Intravenous (IV) fluids through a vein Laxative Tube through the mouth into the stomach to empty the stomach ( gastric lavage ) Medicines to treat (counteract) the effects of the thyroid preparation overdose.
People who receive quick treatment make a good recovery. But, heart-related complications may lead to death. Symptoms may not appear until a week after the overdose. They may be treated successfully with several medicines.
Aronson JK. Thyroid hormones.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid scan. The test is done in this way: You are given a pill that contains a tiny amount of radioactive iodine. After swallowing it, you wait as the iodine collects in your thyroid. The first scan is usually done 4 to 6 hours after you take the iodine pill. Another scan is usually done 24 hours later. During the scan, you lie on your back on a movable table. Your neck and chest are positioned under the scanner. You must lie still so that the scanner gets a clear image. The scanner detects the location and intensity of the rays given off by the radioactive material. A computer displays images of the thyroid gland. Other scans use a substance called technetium instead of radioactive iodine.
Follow instructions about not eating before the test. You may be told not to eat after the midnight before your scan. Tell your health care provider if you are taking anything that contains iodine because it may affect your test results. This includes some medicines, including thyroid drugs. Supplements such as kelp also contain iodine. Also tell your provider if you have: Diarrhea (may decrease absorption of the radioactive iodine) Had recent CT scans using intravenous or oral iodine-based contrast (within the past 2 weeks) Too little or too much iodine in your diet Remove jewelry, dentures, or other metals because they may interfere with the image.
Some people find it uncomfortable to stay still during the test.
This test is done to: Evaluate thyroid nodules or goiter Find the cause of an overactive thyroid gland Check for thyroid cancer (rarely, since other tests are more accurate for this).
Normal test results will show that the thyroid appears to be the correct size, shape, and in the proper location. It is an even gray color on the computer image without darker or lighter areas.
A thyroid that is enlarged or pushed off to one side could be a sign of a tumor. Nodules absorb more or less iodine and this will make them look darker or lighter on the scan. A nodule is usually lighter if it has not taken up the iodine. If part of the thyroid appears lighter, it could be a thyroid problem. Nodules that are darker have taken up more iodine. They can be overactive and may be the cause of an overactive thyroid. The computer will also show the percentage of iodine that has collected in your thyroid gland (radioiodine uptake). If your gland collects too much iodine, it may be due to an overactive thyroid. If your gland collects too little iodine, it may be due to an inflammation or other damage to the thyroid.
All radiation has possible side effects. The amount of radioactivity is very small, and there have been no documented side effects. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not have this test. Talk to your provider if you have concerns about this test.
The radioactive iodine leaves your body through your urine. You should not need to take special precautions, such as flushing twice after urinating, for 24 to 48 hours after the test because the dose of radioactive iodine is very low. Ask your provider or the radiology/nuclear medicine team performing the scan about taking precautions.
Scan - thyroid; Radioactive iodine uptake and scan test - thyroid; Nuclear scan - thyroid; Thyroid nodule - scan; Goiter - scan; Hyperthyroidism - scan.
Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
Blum M. Thyroid imaging.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid storm. Thyroid storm occurs due to a major stress such as trauma, heart attack , or infection in people with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. In rare cases, thyroid storm can be caused by treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine therapy for Graves disease. This can occur even a week or more after the radioactive iodine treatment.
Symptoms are severe and may include any of the following: Agitation Change in alertness (consciousness) Confusion Diarrhea Increased temperature Pounding heart ( tachycardia ) Restlessness Shaking Sweating.
The health care provider may suspect thyrotoxic storm based on: A high systolic (top number) blood pressure reading with a lower diastolic (bottom number) blood pressure reading may be low An increased heart rate Blood tests are done to check thyroid hormones TSH , free T4 and T3. Other blood tests are done to check heart and kidney functions and to check for infection.
Thyroid storm is life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. Often, the person needs to be admitted to the intensive care unit. Treatment includes supportive measures, such as giving oxygen and fluids in case of difficult breathing or dehydration. Treatment may include any of the following: Cooling blankets to return the body temperature to normal Monitoring any excess fluid in older people with heart or kidney disease Medicines to manage agitation Vitamins and glucose The final goal of treatment is to decrease the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. Sometimes, iodine is given in high doses to try and stun the thyroid. Other drugs may be given to lower the hormone level in the blood. Beta blocker medicines are often given by vein (IV) to slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, and block the effects of the thyroid hormone excess. Antibiotics are given in case of infection.
Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may occur. Heart failure and pulmonary edema can develop rapidly and cause death.
This is an emergency condition. Call 911 or another emergency number if you have hyperthyroidism and experience symptoms of thyroid storm.
To prevent thyroid storm, hyperthyroidism should be treated.
Thyrotoxic storm; Thyrotoxic crisis; Hyperthyroid storm; Accelerated hyperthyroidism; Thyroid crisis; Thyrotoxicosis - thyroid storm.
Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
Marino M, Vitti P, Chiovato L. Graves' disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid :
Thyroid ultrasound. Ultrasound is a painless method that uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. The test is often done in the ultrasound or radiology department. It also can be done in a clinic. The test is done in this way: You lie down with your neck on a pillow or other soft support. Your neck is stretched slightly. The ultrasound technician applies a water-based gel on your neck to help transmit the sound waves. Next, the technician moves a wand, called a transducer, back and forth on the skin of your neck. The transducer gives off sound waves. The sound waves go through your body and bounce off the area being studied (in this case, the thyroid gland). A computer looks at the pattern that the sound waves create when bouncing back, and creates an image from them.
No special preparation is necessary for this test.
You should feel very little discomfort with this test. The gel may be cold.
A thyroid ultrasound is usually done when physical exam shows any of these findings: You have a growth on your thyroid gland, called a thyroid nodule. The thyroid feels big or irregular, called a goiter. You have abnormal lymph nodes near your thyroid. Ultrasound is also often used to guide the needle in biopsies of: Thyroid nodules or the thyroid gland -- In this test, a needle draws out a small amount of tissue from the nodule or thyroid gland. This is a test to diagnose thyroid disease or thyroid cancer. The parathyroid gland. Lymph nodes in the area of the thyroid.
A normal result will show that the thyroid has a normal size, shape, and position.
Abnormal results may be due to: Cysts (nodules filled with fluid) Enlargement of the thyroid gland ( goiter ) Thyroid nodules Thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid (if a biopsy is done) Thyroid cancer (if a biopsy is done) Your health care provider can use these results and the results of other tests to direct your care.
There are no documented risks for ultrasound.
Ultrasound - thyroid; Thyroid sonogram; Thyroid echogram; Thyroid nodule - ultrasound; Goiter - ultrasound.
Thyroid ultrasound Thyroid ultrasound Thyroid gland Thyroid gland.
Blum M. Thyroid imaging.
Thyroid Balance and Normalize 1XTRA160,763,660,690,727.5The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells.
Thyroid Balance and Normalize 2XTRA20,537,1570,10000,16000The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells.
Thyroid DiseaseETDF140,13930,32500,97500,157800,332410,426900,571000,836000,932000Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid Function Stimulate NormalizeXTRA763The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells.
Thyroid Gland FeverXTRA20,160,660,690,727.5,1570,10000,16000The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells.
Thyroid NoduleETDF140,120,650,2500,32500,97500,225110,422530,707260,985900Abnormal growths of thyroid tissue, few of which are cancerous.

Encyclopedia Entry for Thyroid Nodule :
Thyroid nodule. Thyroid nodules are growths of cells in the thyroid gland. These growths can be: Not cancer (benign) or thyroid cancer (malignant) Fluid-filled (cysts) One nodule or a group of small nodules Producing thyroid hormones (hot nodule) or not making thyroid hormones (cold nodule) Thyroid nodules are more common in women than in men. A person's chance of getting a thyroid nodule increases with age. Only a few thyroid nodules are due to thyroid cancer. A thyroid nodule is more likely to be cancer if you: Have a hard nodule Have a nodule that is stuck to nearby structures Have a family history of thyroid cancer Have noticed a change in your voice Are younger than 20 or older than 70 Have a history of radiation exposure to the head or neck Are male Causes of thyroid nodules are not always found, but can include: Hashimoto's disease Lack of iodine in the diet.
Most thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms. Large nodules can press against other structures in the neck. This can cause symptoms such as: A visible goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Hoarseness or changing voice Pain in the neck Problems breathing , especially when lying down flat Problems swallowing food Nodules that produce thyroid hormones will likely cause symptoms of overactive thyroid gland , including: Warm, sweaty skin Fast pulse Increased appetite Nervousness Restlessness Skin blushing or flushing Weight loss Irregular menstrual periods Older people with a nodule that produces too much thyroid hormone may have only vague symptoms, including: Fatigue Palpitations Chest pain Memory loss Thyroid nodules are sometimes found in people who have Hashimoto's disease. This may cause symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland, such as: Dry skin Face swelling Fatigue Hair loss Feeling cold when other people do not Weight gain Irregular menstrual periods Very often, nodules produce no symptoms. Health care providers find thyroid nodules only during a routine physical exam or imaging tests that are done for another reason. A few people have thyroid nodules that are big enough that they notice the nodule on their own, and ask a provider to examine their neck.
If a provider finds a nodule or you have symptoms of a nodule, the following tests may be done: TSH level and other thyroid blood tests Thyroid ultrasound Thyroid scan (nuclear medicine) Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule or of multiple nodules.
Your provider may recommend surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland if the nodule is: Due to thyroid cancer Causing symptoms such as swallowing or breathing problems If the fine needle biopsy is inconclusive, and your provider can't tell whether the nodule is a cancer Making too much thyroid hormone People with nodules that are making too much thyroid hormone may be treated with radioiodine therapy. This reduces the size and activity of the nodule. Pregnant women are not given this treatment. Both surgery to remove thyroid gland tissue and radioactive iodine treatment can cause lifelong hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). This condition needs to be treated with thyroid hormone replacement. For noncancerous nodules that do not cause symptoms and are not growing, the best treatment may be: Careful follow-up with a physical exam and ultrasound A thyroid biopsy repeated 6 to 12 months after diagnosis, especially if the nodule has grown Another possible treatment is an ethanol (alcohol) injection into the nodule to shrink it.
Noncancerous thyroid nodules are not life-threatening. Many do not require treatment. Follow-up exams are enough. The outlook for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer. For most common kinds of thyroid cancer, the outlook is very good after treatment.
Call your health care provider if you feel or see a lump in your neck, or if you have any symptoms of a thyroid nodule. If you have been exposed to radiation in the face or neck area, call your provider. A neck ultrasound can be done to look for thyroid nodules.
Thyroid tumor - nodule; Thyroid adenoma - nodule; Thyroid carcinoma - nodule; Thyroid cancer - nodule; Thyroid incidentaloma; Hot nodule; Cold nodule; Thyrotoxicosis - nodule; Hyperthyroidism - nodule.
Thyroid gland removal - discharge.
Thyroid gland biopsy Thyroid gland biopsy.
Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010;16(suppl 1):1-43. Kim M, Ladenson P. Thyroid.
ThyroiditisETDF140,250,600,2500,32500,112330,319340,525710,753070,900000Inflammation of thyroid gland. Can be caused by drugs or radiation. Includes Hashimoto's. Also see Hypothyroid, and Hypothyroidism programs.
Tick ParalysisETDF80,520,680,970,2500,324370,522530,655200,750000,926700Caused by toxin produced by tick salivary gland, injected after prolonged bite.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tick Paralysis :
Tick paralysis. Hard-bodied and soft-bodied female ticks are believed to make a poison that can cause paralysis in children. Ticks attach to the skin to feed on blood. The poison enters the bloodstream during this feeding process. The paralysis is ascending. That means it starts in the lower body and moves up.
Children with tick paralysis develop an unsteady gait followed several days later by weakness in the lower legs. This weakness gradually moves up to involve the upper limbs. Paralysis may cause breathing difficulties , which may require the use of a breathing machine. The child may also have mild, flu-like symptoms (muscle aches, tiredness).
People can be exposed to ticks in many ways. For example, they may have gone on a camping trip, live in a tick-infested area, or have dogs or other animals that can pick up ticks. Often, the tick is found only after thoroughly searching a person's hair. Finding a tick embedded in the skin and having the above symptoms confirms the diagnosis. No other testing is required.
Removing the tick removes the source of the poison. Recovery is rapid after the tick is removed.
Full recovery is expected following the removal of the tick.
Breathing difficulties can cause respiratory failure. When this happens, the body's organs do not have enough oxygen to work well.
If your child suddenly becomes unsteady or weak, have the child examined right away. Breathing difficulties require emergency care.
Use insect repellents and protective clothing when in tick-infested areas. Tuck pant legs into socks. Carefully check the skin and hair after being outside and remove any ticks you find. If you find a tick on your child, write the information down and keep it for several months. Many tick-borne diseases do not show symptoms right away, and you may forget the incident by the time your child becomes sick with a tick-borne disease.
Bolgiano EB, Sexton J. Tickborne illnesses.
Tietze's SyndromeETDF50,240,15750,45000,93500,376290,512330,689930,759830,925710Painful inflammation and swelling of costal (rib) cartilages. Also see Intercostal Neuralgia, and Neuralgia Intercostal programs.
TinXTRA14925Metal element.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea barbae - Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. megninii (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea capitis - Ringworm of the head- Microsporum sp., Trichophyton sp.(fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea corporis - Ringworm of the body- Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea cruris - Ringworm of the groin- Candida albicans (yeast), Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea manuum - Ringworm of the hand- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea nigra- Exophiala werneckii

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea pedis - Ringworm of the feet- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum(fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea unguium - Onychomycosis- Ringworm of the nails- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea versicolor- Pityriasis versicolor- Malassezia furfur (fungus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea versicolor. Tinea versicolor is fairly common. It is caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia. This fungus is normally found on human skin. It only causes a problem in certain settings. The condition is most common in adolescents and young adults. It typically occurs in hot climates. It does not spread person to person.
The main symptom is patches of discolored skin that: Have sharp borders (edges) and fine scales Are often dark reddish to tan in color Are found on the back, underarms, upper arms, chest, and neck Do not darken in the sun so may appear lighter than the surrounding healthy skin African Americans may have a loss of skin color or an increase in skin color. Other symptoms include: Increased sweating Itching.
Your health care provider will examine a skin scraping under a microscope to look for the fungus. A skin biopsy may also be performed with a special stain called PAS to identify fungus and yeast.
The condition is treated with antifungal medicine that is either applied to the skin or taken by mouth. Applying over-the-counter dandruff shampoo containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole to the skin for 10 minutes each day in the shower is another treatment option.
Tinea versicolor is easy to treat. Changes in skin color may last for months. The condition may come back during warm weather.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of tinea versicolor.
Avoid excessive heat or sweating if you have had this condition in the past. You can also use anti-dandruff shampoo on your skin every month to help prevent the problem. .
Pityriasis versicolor.
Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor - back Tinea versicolor - back.
Gupta AK, Copper EA, Simpson FC. Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinnitus. Tinnitus is common. Almost everyone notices a mild form of tinnitus once in a while. It only lasts a few minutes. However, constant or recurring tinnitus is stressful and makes it harder to focus or sleep. Tinnitus can be: Subjective, which means that the sound is only heard by the person Objective, which means that the sound is heard by both the affected person and the examiner (using a stethoscope near the person's ear, head, or neck).
It is not known exactly what causes a person to 'hear' sounds with no outside source of the noise. However, tinnitus can be a symptom of almost any ear problem, including: Ear infections Foreign objects or wax in the ear Hearing loss Meniere disease -- an inner ear disorder that involves hearing loss and dizziness Problem with the eustachian tube (tube that runs between the middle ear and the throat) Antibiotics, aspirin, or other drugs may also cause ear noises. Alcohol, caffeine, or smoking may worsen tinnitus if the person already has it. Sometimes, tinnitus is a sign of high blood pressure, an allergy, or anemia. In rare cases, tinnitus is a sign of a serious problem such as a tumor or aneurysm. Other risk factors for tinnitus include temporomandibular joint disorder ( TMJ ), diabetes, thyroid problems, obesity, and head injury. Tinnitus is common in war veterans and in older adults age 65 years or older. Children can also be affected, especially those with severe hearing loss.
Tinnitus is often more noticeable when you go to bed at night because your surroundings are quieter. To mask tinnitus and make it less irritating, background noise using the following may help: White noise machine Running a humidifier or dishwasher Home care of tinnitus mainly includes: Learning ways to relax. It is not known if stress causes tinnitus, but feeling stressed or anxious can worsen it. Avoiding things that may make tinnitus worse, such as caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. Getting enough rest. Try sleeping with your head propped up in an elevated position. This lessens head congestion and may make noises less noticeable. Protecting your ears and hearing from further damage. Avoid loud places and sounds. Wear ear protection, such as earplugs, if you need them.
Call your health care provider if: Ear noises start after a head injury. The noises occur with other unexplained symptoms, like dizziness, feeling off balance, nausea, or vomiting. You have unexplained ear noises that bother you even after you try self-help measures. The noise is only in one ear and it continues for several weeks or longer.
The following tests may be done: Audiometry to test hearing loss Head CT scan Head MRI scan Blood vessel studies ( angiography ) TREATMENT Fixing the problem, if it can be found, may make your symptoms go away. (For example, your provider may remove ear wax.) If TMJ is the cause, your dentist may suggest dental appliances or home exercises to treat teeth clenching and grinding. Talk to your provider about all your current medicines to see if a drug may be causing the problem. This may include over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements. Do not stop taking any medicine without talking to your provider. Many medicines are used to relieve symptoms of tinnitus, but no drug works for everyone. Your provider may have you try different medicines or combinations of medicines to see what works for you. A tinnitus masker worn like a hearing aid helps some people. It delivers low-level sound directly into the ear to cover the ear noise. A hearing aid may help reduce ear noise and make outside sounds louder. Counseling may help you learn to live with tinnitus. Your provider may suggest biofeedback training to help with stress. Some people have tried alternative therapies to treat tinnitus. These methods have not been proven, so talk to your provider before trying them. Tinnitus can be managed. Talk with your provider about a management plan that works for you. The American Tinnitus Association offers a good resource center and support group.
Ringing in the ears; Noises or buzzing in the ears; Ear buzzing; Otitis media - tinnitus; Aneurysm - tinnitus; Ear infection - tinnitus; Meniere disease - tinnitus.
Ear anatomy Ear anatomy.
Bauer CA. Tinnitus and hyperacusis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinctorial Parmelia.
Latin name: Parmelia tinctorum.
Pinyin name: MEI YI.
Effect(s): To boost essence, brighten eyes, cool blood and resolve toxin.
Plant part: lichen.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tiny Ardisia.
Latin name: Ardisia pusilla.
Pinyin name: CHUAN CHAN JIU JIE LONG.
Effect(s): To clear heat and disinhibit damp, quicken blood and disperse swelling.
Plant part: whole herb.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea barbae (Barber's itch). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton tonsurans

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea cruris (Jock itch). Source of disease: usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea manum (Ringworm of the Hand). Source of disease: Trichophyton rubrum

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea nigra. Source of disease: usually Hortaea werneckii

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea pedis (Athlete s foot). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tin :
Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species
Tin 115snXTRA696.05,750.37,15966.3Metal element.
Tin 117snXTRA758.35,817.51,17395.02Metal element.
Tin 119snXTRA793.4,855.3,18199.22Metal element.
TineaETDF50,410,22500,57500,325160,476500,527000,667000,749000,986220Ringworm. Also see Epidermophyton Floccosum, Microsporum Audouini, Nagel Trichophyton, and Fungus General programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea barbae - Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. megninii (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea capitis - Ringworm of the head- Microsporum sp., Trichophyton sp.(fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea corporis - Ringworm of the body- Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea cruris - Ringworm of the groin- Candida albicans (yeast), Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea manuum - Ringworm of the hand- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea nigra- Exophiala werneckii

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea pedis - Ringworm of the feet- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum(fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea unguium - Onychomycosis- Ringworm of the nails- Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea versicolor- Pityriasis versicolor- Malassezia furfur (fungus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea versicolor. Tinea versicolor is fairly common. It is caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia. This fungus is normally found on human skin. It only causes a problem in certain settings. The condition is most common in adolescents and young adults. It typically occurs in hot climates. It does not spread person to person.
The main symptom is patches of discolored skin that: Have sharp borders (edges) and fine scales Are often dark reddish to tan in color Are found on the back, underarms, upper arms, chest, and neck Do not darken in the sun so may appear lighter than the surrounding healthy skin African Americans may have a loss of skin color or an increase in skin color. Other symptoms include: Increased sweating Itching.
Your health care provider will examine a skin scraping under a microscope to look for the fungus. A skin biopsy may also be performed with a special stain called PAS to identify fungus and yeast.
The condition is treated with antifungal medicine that is either applied to the skin or taken by mouth. Applying over-the-counter dandruff shampoo containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole to the skin for 10 minutes each day in the shower is another treatment option.
Tinea versicolor is easy to treat. Changes in skin color may last for months. The condition may come back during warm weather.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of tinea versicolor.
Avoid excessive heat or sweating if you have had this condition in the past. You can also use anti-dandruff shampoo on your skin every month to help prevent the problem. .
Pityriasis versicolor.
Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor - back Tinea versicolor - back.
Gupta AK, Copper EA, Simpson FC. Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea barbae (Barber's itch). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton tonsurans

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea cruris (Jock itch). Source of disease: usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea manum (Ringworm of the Hand). Source of disease: Trichophyton rubrum

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea nigra. Source of disease: usually Hortaea werneckii

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea pedis (Athlete s foot). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis). Source of disease: usually Trichophyton species

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea :
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor). Source of disease: Malassezia species
Tinea CrurisCAFL345,465,644,766,784Dermatophyte fungal infection of groin (excluding genitals), also called Jock Itch. Also see Tinea, Nagel Trichophyton, Epidermophyton Floccinum, Ringworm, and Dermatophytoses programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea Cruris :
Tinea cruris - Ringworm of the groin- Candida albicans (yeast), Trichophyton sp., and Epidermophyton floccosum (fungi)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea Cruris :
Tinea cruris (Jock itch). Source of disease: usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Tinea VersicolorETDF50,410,600,850,350000,479500,527000,663710,752700,987230Pale eruptions on skin of trunk, head, and tops of limbs caused by yeast. See Malassezia Furfur, Yeast General, Fungus General and other yeast programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea Versicolor :
Tinea versicolor- Pityriasis versicolor- Malassezia furfur (fungus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea Versicolor :
Tinea versicolor. Tinea versicolor is fairly common. It is caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia. This fungus is normally found on human skin. It only causes a problem in certain settings. The condition is most common in adolescents and young adults. It typically occurs in hot climates. It does not spread person to person.
The main symptom is patches of discolored skin that: Have sharp borders (edges) and fine scales Are often dark reddish to tan in color Are found on the back, underarms, upper arms, chest, and neck Do not darken in the sun so may appear lighter than the surrounding healthy skin African Americans may have a loss of skin color or an increase in skin color. Other symptoms include: Increased sweating Itching.
Your health care provider will examine a skin scraping under a microscope to look for the fungus. A skin biopsy may also be performed with a special stain called PAS to identify fungus and yeast.
The condition is treated with antifungal medicine that is either applied to the skin or taken by mouth. Applying over-the-counter dandruff shampoo containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole to the skin for 10 minutes each day in the shower is another treatment option.
Tinea versicolor is easy to treat. Changes in skin color may last for months. The condition may come back during warm weather.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of tinea versicolor.
Avoid excessive heat or sweating if you have had this condition in the past. You can also use anti-dandruff shampoo on your skin every month to help prevent the problem. .
Pityriasis versicolor.
Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - shoulders Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor - close-up Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor on the back Tinea versicolor - back Tinea versicolor - back.
Gupta AK, Copper EA, Simpson FC. Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinea Versicolor :
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor). Source of disease: Malassezia species
TinnitusCAFL20,2720,728,784,880Ringing or hissing/roaring in ears. See Circulatory Stasis, Dental, General Antiseptic, and Otitis programs.
Ear

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinnitus :
Tinnitus. Tinnitus is common. Almost everyone notices a mild form of tinnitus once in a while. It only lasts a few minutes. However, constant or recurring tinnitus is stressful and makes it harder to focus or sleep. Tinnitus can be: Subjective, which means that the sound is only heard by the person Objective, which means that the sound is heard by both the affected person and the examiner (using a stethoscope near the person's ear, head, or neck).
It is not known exactly what causes a person to 'hear' sounds with no outside source of the noise. However, tinnitus can be a symptom of almost any ear problem, including: Ear infections Foreign objects or wax in the ear Hearing loss Meniere disease -- an inner ear disorder that involves hearing loss and dizziness Problem with the eustachian tube (tube that runs between the middle ear and the throat) Antibiotics, aspirin, or other drugs may also cause ear noises. Alcohol, caffeine, or smoking may worsen tinnitus if the person already has it. Sometimes, tinnitus is a sign of high blood pressure, an allergy, or anemia. In rare cases, tinnitus is a sign of a serious problem such as a tumor or aneurysm. Other risk factors for tinnitus include temporomandibular joint disorder ( TMJ ), diabetes, thyroid problems, obesity, and head injury. Tinnitus is common in war veterans and in older adults age 65 years or older. Children can also be affected, especially those with severe hearing loss.
Tinnitus is often more noticeable when you go to bed at night because your surroundings are quieter. To mask tinnitus and make it less irritating, background noise using the following may help: White noise machine Running a humidifier or dishwasher Home care of tinnitus mainly includes: Learning ways to relax. It is not known if stress causes tinnitus, but feeling stressed or anxious can worsen it. Avoiding things that may make tinnitus worse, such as caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. Getting enough rest. Try sleeping with your head propped up in an elevated position. This lessens head congestion and may make noises less noticeable. Protecting your ears and hearing from further damage. Avoid loud places and sounds. Wear ear protection, such as earplugs, if you need them.
Call your health care provider if: Ear noises start after a head injury. The noises occur with other unexplained symptoms, like dizziness, feeling off balance, nausea, or vomiting. You have unexplained ear noises that bother you even after you try self-help measures. The noise is only in one ear and it continues for several weeks or longer.
The following tests may be done: Audiometry to test hearing loss Head CT scan Head MRI scan Blood vessel studies ( angiography ) TREATMENT Fixing the problem, if it can be found, may make your symptoms go away. (For example, your provider may remove ear wax.) If TMJ is the cause, your dentist may suggest dental appliances or home exercises to treat teeth clenching and grinding. Talk to your provider about all your current medicines to see if a drug may be causing the problem. This may include over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements. Do not stop taking any medicine without talking to your provider. Many medicines are used to relieve symptoms of tinnitus, but no drug works for everyone. Your provider may have you try different medicines or combinations of medicines to see what works for you. A tinnitus masker worn like a hearing aid helps some people. It delivers low-level sound directly into the ear to cover the ear noise. A hearing aid may help reduce ear noise and make outside sounds louder. Counseling may help you learn to live with tinnitus. Your provider may suggest biofeedback training to help with stress. Some people have tried alternative therapies to treat tinnitus. These methods have not been proven, so talk to your provider before trying them. Tinnitus can be managed. Talk with your provider about a management plan that works for you. The American Tinnitus Association offers a good resource center and support group.
Ringing in the ears; Noises or buzzing in the ears; Ear buzzing; Otitis media - tinnitus; Aneurysm - tinnitus; Ear infection - tinnitus; Meniere disease - tinnitus.
Ear anatomy Ear anatomy.
Bauer CA. Tinnitus and hyperacusis.
TinnitusETDF70,240,570,87500,175160,322060,476500,667000,742000,985670Ringing or hissing/roaring in ears. See Circulatory Stasis, Dental, General Antiseptic, and Otitis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tinnitus :
Tinnitus. Tinnitus is common. Almost everyone notices a mild form of tinnitus once in a while. It only lasts a few minutes. However, constant or recurring tinnitus is stressful and makes it harder to focus or sleep. Tinnitus can be: Subjective, which means that the sound is only heard by the person Objective, which means that the sound is heard by both the affected person and the examiner (using a stethoscope near the person's ear, head, or neck).
It is not known exactly what causes a person to 'hear' sounds with no outside source of the noise. However, tinnitus can be a symptom of almost any ear problem, including: Ear infections Foreign objects or wax in the ear Hearing loss Meniere disease -- an inner ear disorder that involves hearing loss and dizziness Problem with the eustachian tube (tube that runs between the middle ear and the throat) Antibiotics, aspirin, or other drugs may also cause ear noises. Alcohol, caffeine, or smoking may worsen tinnitus if the person already has it. Sometimes, tinnitus is a sign of high blood pressure, an allergy, or anemia. In rare cases, tinnitus is a sign of a serious problem such as a tumor or aneurysm. Other risk factors for tinnitus include temporomandibular joint disorder ( TMJ ), diabetes, thyroid problems, obesity, and head injury. Tinnitus is common in war veterans and in older adults age 65 years or older. Children can also be affected, especially those with severe hearing loss.
Tinnitus is often more noticeable when you go to bed at night because your surroundings are quieter. To mask tinnitus and make it less irritating, background noise using the following may help: White noise machine Running a humidifier or dishwasher Home care of tinnitus mainly includes: Learning ways to relax. It is not known if stress causes tinnitus, but feeling stressed or anxious can worsen it. Avoiding things that may make tinnitus worse, such as caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. Getting enough rest. Try sleeping with your head propped up in an elevated position. This lessens head congestion and may make noises less noticeable. Protecting your ears and hearing from further damage. Avoid loud places and sounds. Wear ear protection, such as earplugs, if you need them.
Call your health care provider if: Ear noises start after a head injury. The noises occur with other unexplained symptoms, like dizziness, feeling off balance, nausea, or vomiting. You have unexplained ear noises that bother you even after you try self-help measures. The noise is only in one ear and it continues for several weeks or longer.
The following tests may be done: Audiometry to test hearing loss Head CT scan Head MRI scan Blood vessel studies ( angiography ) TREATMENT Fixing the problem, if it can be found, may make your symptoms go away. (For example, your provider may remove ear wax.) If TMJ is the cause, your dentist may suggest dental appliances or home exercises to treat teeth clenching and grinding. Talk to your provider about all your current medicines to see if a drug may be causing the problem. This may include over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements. Do not stop taking any medicine without talking to your provider. Many medicines are used to relieve symptoms of tinnitus, but no drug works for everyone. Your provider may have you try different medicines or combinations of medicines to see what works for you. A tinnitus masker worn like a hearing aid helps some people. It delivers low-level sound directly into the ear to cover the ear noise. A hearing aid may help reduce ear noise and make outside sounds louder. Counseling may help you learn to live with tinnitus. Your provider may suggest biofeedback training to help with stress. Some people have tried alternative therapies to treat tinnitus. These methods have not been proven, so talk to your provider before trying them. Tinnitus can be managed. Talk with your provider about a management plan that works for you. The American Tinnitus Association offers a good resource center and support group.
Ringing in the ears; Noises or buzzing in the ears; Ear buzzing; Otitis media - tinnitus; Aneurysm - tinnitus; Ear infection - tinnitus; Meniere disease - tinnitus.
Ear anatomy Ear anatomy.
Bauer CA. Tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Tissue Healing and RegenerationXTRA47,266,1360,2128,2720,5000The term repair, when used in the context of the healing of damaged tissue, is defined as the restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury.
TitaniumXTRA17650Metal element. Commonly used in medical implants.
Titanium 47tiXTRA119.98,129.36,11009.77Metal element. Commonly used in medical implants.
Titanium 49tiXTRA120.01,129.37,11011.71Metal element. Commonly used in medical implants.
Tobacco MosaicBIO233,274,543,782,1052Homeopathic preparation for an allergen.
Tobacco Mosaic VirusHC427150-429550RNA virus that infects many plant types. Also used in micro-batteries.
Tonic-clonic Seizures Gran MalETDF50,120,220,580,1380,5390,15250,30710,50110,66210Also see Epilepsy programs.
Tonsillar NOSBIO1656Homeopathic nosode for tonsils.
Tonsillar PfropfeCAFL246,151,414Also called tonsillar plugs. Actinomyces-like granules in tonsils.
TonsillitisCAFL1.2,73,1550,802,1500,880,832,787,776,727,650,625,600,465,144,452,582Inflammation of tonsils, caused by viruses or bacteria.
Tonsils

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. A bacterial or viral infection can cause tonsillitis. Strep throat is a common cause. Strep throat The infection may also be seen in other parts of the throat. One such infection is called pharyngitis. Tonsillitis is very common in children.
Common symptoms may be: Difficulty swallowing Ear pain Fever and chills Headache Sore throat, which lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severe Tenderness of the jaw and throat Other problems or symptoms that may occur are: Problems breathing, if the tonsils are very large Problems eating or drinking.
Your health care provider will look in the mouth and throat. The tonsils may be red and may have white spots on them. The lymph nodes in the jaw and neck may be swollen and tender to the touch. A rapid strep test can be done in most providers' offices. However, this test may be normal, and you can still have strep. Your provider may send the throat swab to a laboratory for a strep culture. Test results can take a few days.
Swollen tonsils that are not painful or do not cause other problems do not need to be treated. Your provider may not give you antibiotics. You may be asked to come back for a checkup later. If tests show you do have strep, your provider will give you antibiotics. It is important to finish all of your antibiotics as directed, even if you feel better. If you do not take them all, the infection can return. The following tips may help your throat feel better: Drink cold liquids or suck on fruit-flavored frozen bars. Drink fluids, and mostly warm (not hot), bland fluids. Gargle with warm salt water. Suck on lozenges (containing benzocaine or similar ingredients) to reduce pain (these should not be used in young children because of the choking risk). Take over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen to reduce pain and fever. DO NOT give a child aspirin. Aspirin has been linked to Reye syndrome. Some people who have repeated infections may need surgery to remove the tonsils ( tonsillectomy ).
Tonsillitis symptoms due to strep will often get better within 2 or 3 days after you start the antibiotics. Children with strep throat should be kept home from school or day care until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours. This helps reduce the spread of illness.
Complications from strep throat may be severe. They may include: Abscess in the area around the tonsils Kidney disease caused by strep Rheumatic fever and other heart problems.
Call your provider if there is: Excess drooling in a young child Fever, particularly 101 F (38.3 C) or higher Pus in the back of the throat Red rash that feels rough, and increased redness in the skin folds Severe problems swallowing or breathing Tender or swollen lymph glands in the neck.
Sore throat - tonsillitis.
Tonsil and adenoid removal - discharge.
Lymphatic system Lymphatic system Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Strep throat Strep throat.
Meyer A. Pediatric infectious disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. Can be caused by Adenovirus, Rhinovirus and Epstein Barr virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
TonsillitisETDF250,870,5120,85000,100000,355720,425160,571000,837000,937410Inflammation of tonsils, caused by viruses or bacteria.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. A bacterial or viral infection can cause tonsillitis. Strep throat is a common cause. Strep throat The infection may also be seen in other parts of the throat. One such infection is called pharyngitis. Tonsillitis is very common in children.
Common symptoms may be: Difficulty swallowing Ear pain Fever and chills Headache Sore throat, which lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severe Tenderness of the jaw and throat Other problems or symptoms that may occur are: Problems breathing, if the tonsils are very large Problems eating or drinking.
Your health care provider will look in the mouth and throat. The tonsils may be red and may have white spots on them. The lymph nodes in the jaw and neck may be swollen and tender to the touch. A rapid strep test can be done in most providers' offices. However, this test may be normal, and you can still have strep. Your provider may send the throat swab to a laboratory for a strep culture. Test results can take a few days.
Swollen tonsils that are not painful or do not cause other problems do not need to be treated. Your provider may not give you antibiotics. You may be asked to come back for a checkup later. If tests show you do have strep, your provider will give you antibiotics. It is important to finish all of your antibiotics as directed, even if you feel better. If you do not take them all, the infection can return. The following tips may help your throat feel better: Drink cold liquids or suck on fruit-flavored frozen bars. Drink fluids, and mostly warm (not hot), bland fluids. Gargle with warm salt water. Suck on lozenges (containing benzocaine or similar ingredients) to reduce pain (these should not be used in young children because of the choking risk). Take over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen to reduce pain and fever. DO NOT give a child aspirin. Aspirin has been linked to Reye syndrome. Some people who have repeated infections may need surgery to remove the tonsils ( tonsillectomy ).
Tonsillitis symptoms due to strep will often get better within 2 or 3 days after you start the antibiotics. Children with strep throat should be kept home from school or day care until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours. This helps reduce the spread of illness.
Complications from strep throat may be severe. They may include: Abscess in the area around the tonsils Kidney disease caused by strep Rheumatic fever and other heart problems.
Call your provider if there is: Excess drooling in a young child Fever, particularly 101 F (38.3 C) or higher Pus in the back of the throat Red rash that feels rough, and increased redness in the skin folds Severe problems swallowing or breathing Tender or swollen lymph glands in the neck.
Sore throat - tonsillitis.
Tonsil and adenoid removal - discharge.
Lymphatic system Lymphatic system Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Strep throat Strep throat.
Meyer A. Pediatric infectious disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. Can be caused by Adenovirus, Rhinovirus and Epstein Barr virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
TonsillitisVEGA452Inflammation of tonsils, caused by viruses or bacteria.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. A bacterial or viral infection can cause tonsillitis. Strep throat is a common cause. Strep throat The infection may also be seen in other parts of the throat. One such infection is called pharyngitis. Tonsillitis is very common in children.
Common symptoms may be: Difficulty swallowing Ear pain Fever and chills Headache Sore throat, which lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severe Tenderness of the jaw and throat Other problems or symptoms that may occur are: Problems breathing, if the tonsils are very large Problems eating or drinking.
Your health care provider will look in the mouth and throat. The tonsils may be red and may have white spots on them. The lymph nodes in the jaw and neck may be swollen and tender to the touch. A rapid strep test can be done in most providers' offices. However, this test may be normal, and you can still have strep. Your provider may send the throat swab to a laboratory for a strep culture. Test results can take a few days.
Swollen tonsils that are not painful or do not cause other problems do not need to be treated. Your provider may not give you antibiotics. You may be asked to come back for a checkup later. If tests show you do have strep, your provider will give you antibiotics. It is important to finish all of your antibiotics as directed, even if you feel better. If you do not take them all, the infection can return. The following tips may help your throat feel better: Drink cold liquids or suck on fruit-flavored frozen bars. Drink fluids, and mostly warm (not hot), bland fluids. Gargle with warm salt water. Suck on lozenges (containing benzocaine or similar ingredients) to reduce pain (these should not be used in young children because of the choking risk). Take over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen to reduce pain and fever. DO NOT give a child aspirin. Aspirin has been linked to Reye syndrome. Some people who have repeated infections may need surgery to remove the tonsils ( tonsillectomy ).
Tonsillitis symptoms due to strep will often get better within 2 or 3 days after you start the antibiotics. Children with strep throat should be kept home from school or day care until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours. This helps reduce the spread of illness.
Complications from strep throat may be severe. They may include: Abscess in the area around the tonsils Kidney disease caused by strep Rheumatic fever and other heart problems.
Call your provider if there is: Excess drooling in a young child Fever, particularly 101 F (38.3 C) or higher Pus in the back of the throat Red rash that feels rough, and increased redness in the skin folds Severe problems swallowing or breathing Tender or swollen lymph glands in the neck.
Sore throat - tonsillitis.
Tonsil and adenoid removal - discharge.
Lymphatic system Lymphatic system Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Strep throat Strep throat.
Meyer A. Pediatric infectious disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tonsillitis :
Tonsillitis. Can be caused by Adenovirus, Rhinovirus and Epstein Barr virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Tooth Extraction Follow UpCAFL7.82,47.5,95,2720,3000See General Antiseptic program.
Teeth
ToothacheCAFL3000,95,190,47.5,2720,2489,1800,1600,1550,802,1500,880,832,787,776,727,666,650,600,465,646,5170Neglecting this can prevent recovery from any illness. Should also be treated professionally, preferably a holistic dentist. Also see Dental, Gingivitis, and Pyorrhea programs.
Teeth

Encyclopedia Entry for Toothache :
Toothaches. A toothache is often the result of dental cavities (tooth decay) or an infection or irritation of the tooth. Tooth decay is often caused by poor dental hygiene. It may also be partly inherited. In some cases, toothache may be caused due to grinding teeth or other dental trauma. Sometimes, pain that is felt in the tooth is actually due to pain in other parts of the body. This is called referred pain. For example, an earache may sometimes cause tooth pain.
A toothache may occur because of: Abscessed tooth Earache Injury to the jaw or mouth Heart attack (can include jaw pain, neck pain , or toothache) Sinus infection Tooth decay Tooth trauma such as wear, injury, or fracture.
You can use over-the-counter pain medicine if you can't see your dentist or primary health care provider right away. Your dentist will first diagnose the source of the pain and recommend treatment. You may be prescribed antibiotics, pain medicines, or other drugs. Use good oral hygiene to prevent tooth decay. A low-sugar diet is recommended along with regular flossing, brushing with fluoride toothpaste, and regular professional cleaning. Sealants and fluoride applications by the dentist are important for preventing tooth decay. Also, tell your dentist if you think you might grind your teeth.
Seek medical care if: You have a severe toothache You have a toothache that lasts longer than a day or two You have fever , earache, or pain when opening your mouth wide Note: The dentist is an appropriate person to see for most causes of toothaches. However, if the problem is referred pain from another location, you may need to see your primary provider.
Your dentist will examine your mouth, teeth, gums, tongue, throat, ears, nose, and neck. You may need dental x-rays. Your dentist may recommend other tests, depending on the suspected cause. Your dentist will ask questions about your medical history and symptoms, including: When did the pain start? Where is the pain located, and how bad is it? Does the pain wake you up at night? Are there things that make the pain worse or better? What medicines are you taking? Do you have any other symptoms, such as fever? Have you had any injuries? When was your last dental checkup? Treatment will depend on the source of the pain. They may include removing and filling cavities, root canal therapy, or extraction of the tooth. If the toothache is related to trauma, such as grinding, your dentist may recommend a special appliance to protect the teeth from wear.
Pain - tooth or teeth.
Tooth anatomy Tooth anatomy.
Benko KR. Emergency dental procedures.
TorticollisETDF180,300,5500,22500,40000,96500,332410,475110,667000,752700Dystonic neck muscle condition with abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position.

Encyclopedia Entry for Torticollis :
Torticollis. Torticollis may be: Due to changes in genes, often passed down in the family Due to problems in the nervous system, upper spine, or muscles The condition may also occur without a known cause. With torticollis present at birth, it may occur if: The baby's head was in the wrong position while growing in the womb The muscles or blood supply to the neck were injured.
Symptoms of torticollis include: Limited movement of the head Headache Head tremor Neck pain Shoulder that is higher than the other Stiffness of the neck muscles Swelling of the neck muscles (possibly present at birth).
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. The exam may show: The head is rotated, tilted, or leaning forward or backward. In severe cases, the entire head is pulled and turned to one side. Shortened or larger neck muscles. Tests that may be done include: X-ray of the neck CT scan of the head and neck Electromyogram (EMG) to see which muscles are most affected MRI of the head and neck Blood tests to look for medical conditions that are linked to torticollis.
Treating torticollis that is present at birth involves stretching the shortened neck muscle. Passive stretching and positioning are used in infants and small children. In passive stretching, a device such as strap, a person, or something else is used to hold the body part in a certain position. These treatments are often successful, especially if they are started within 3 months of birth. Surgery to correct the neck muscle may be done in the preschool years, if other treatment methods fail. Torticollis that is caused by damage to the nervous system, spine, or muscles is treated by finding the cause of the disorder and treating it. Depending on the cause, treatment may include: Physical therapy (applying heat, traction to the neck, and massage to help relieve head and neck pain). Stretching exercises and neck braces to help with muscle spasms. Taking medicines such as baclofen to reduce neck muscle contractions. Injecting botulinum. Trigger point injections to relieve pain at a particular point. Surgery of the spine might be needed when the torticollis is due to dislocated vertebrae. In some cases, surgery involves destroying some of the nerves in the neck muscles, or using brain stimulation.
The condition may be easier to treat in infants and children. If torticollis becomes chronic , numbness and tingling may develop due to pressure on the nerve roots in the neck.
Complications in children may include: Flat head syndrome Deformity of the face due to lack of sternomastoid muscle movement Complications in adults may include: Muscle swelling due to constant tension Nervous system symptoms due to pressure on nerve roots.
Call for an appointment with your provider if symptoms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms develop. Torticollis that occurs after an injury or with illness may be serious. Seek medical help right away if this occurs.
While there is no known way to prevent this condition, early treatment may prevent it from getting worse.
Spasmodic torticollis; Wry neck; Loxia; Cervical dystonia; Cock-robin deformity; Twisted neck; Grisel syndrome.
Torticollis (wry neck) Torticollis (wry neck).
Krauss JK. Selective peripheral denervation for cervical dystonia.
TorulopsisBIO354,522,872,2121Now called Candida Glabrata. Common biofilm-forming yeast causing disease for those in weakened condition or with suppressed immune function.
TorulopsisVEGA522,2121Now called Candida Glabrata. Common biofilm-forming yeast causing disease for those in weakened condition or with suppressed immune function.
Tourette SyndromeETDF160,230,12850,55750,125000,210500,479930,593200,761850,987230Inherited disorder with multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tourette Syndrome :
Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is named for Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described this disorder in 1885. The disorder is likely passed down through families. The syndrome may be linked to problems in certain areas of the brain. It may have to do with chemical substances (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) that help nerve cells signal one another. Tourette syndrome can be either severe or mild. Many people with very mild tics may not be aware of them and never seek medical help. Far fewer people have more severe forms of Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is 4 times as likely to occur in boys as in girls.
Symptoms of Tourette syndrome is often first noticed during childhood, between ages 7 and 10. Most children with Tourette syndrome also have other medical problems. These can include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) , impulse control disorder, or depression. The most common first symptom is a tic of the face. Other tics may follow. A tic is a sudden, fast, repeated movement or sound. Symptoms of Tourette syndrome can range from tiny, minor movements (such as grunts, sniffling, or coughing) to constant movements and sounds that cannot be controlled. Different types of tics can include: Arm thrusting Eye blinking Jumping Kicking Repeated throat clearing or sniffing Shoulder shrugging Tics may occur many times a day. They tend to improve or get worse at different times. The tics may change with time. Symptoms often get worse before the mid-teen years. Contrary to popular belief, only a small number of people use curse words or other inappropriate words or phrases (coprolalia). Tourette syndrome is different from OCD. People with OCD feel as though they have to do the behaviors. Sometimes a person can have both Tourette syndrome and OCD. Many people with Tourette syndrome can stop doing the tic for periods of time. But they find that the tic is stronger for a few minutes after they allow it to start again. Often, the tic slows or stops during sleep.
There are no lab tests to diagnose Tourette syndrome. A health care provider will likely do an examination to rule out other causes of the symptoms. To be diagnosed with Tourette syndrome, a person must: Have had many motor tics and one or more vocal tics, although these tics may not have occurred at the same time. Have tics that occur many times a day, nearly every day or on and off, for a period of more than 1 year. During this period, there must not have been a tic-free period of more than 3 months in a row. Have started the tics before age 18. Have no other brain problem that could be a likely cause of the symptoms.
People who have mild symptoms are not treated. This is because the side effects of the medicines may be worse than the symptoms of Tourette syndrome. A type of talk therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy) called habit-reversal may help to suppress tics. Different medicines are available to treat Tourette syndrome. The exact medicine that is used depends on the symptoms and any other medical problems. Ask your provider if deep brain stimulation is an option for you. It is being evaluated for the main symptoms of Tourette syndrome and the obsessive-compulsive behaviors. The treatment is not recommended when these symptoms occur in the same person.
More information and support for people with Tourette syndrome and their families can be found at: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke -- www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Tourette-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet Tourette Association of America -- tourette.org.
Symptoms are often worst during the teenage years and then improve in early adulthood. In some people, symptoms go away entirely for a few years and then return. In a few people, symptoms do not return at all.
Conditions that may occur in people who have Tourette syndrome include: Anger control issues Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Impulsive behavior Obsessive-compulsive disorder Poor social skills These conditions need to be diagnosed and treated.
Make an appointment with your provider if you or child has tics that are severe or persistent, or if they interfere with daily life.
There is no known prevention.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Tic disorders - Tourette syndrome.
Jankovic J. Parkinson disease and other movement disorders.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tourette Syndrome :
Tourette Syndrome. Can be caused by the bacterium Streptococcus. Aggravating or contributory microbes may include the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Toxin EliminationCAFL0.5,522,146,1552,800Bowels This is a major route of elimination of toxins from the body.
Toxin EliminationXTRA0.5,522,146,10000,880,787,727,20Bowels This is a major route of elimination of toxins from the body.
Toxocara CanisXTRA567From Dr. Richard Loyd. Toxocara canis (also known as dog roundworm) is worldwide-distributed helminth parasite of dogs and other canids.
ToxocariasisETDF180,240,10530,27500,35000,57500,96500,325110,475160,527000Infection in humans of dog, cat, or fox roundworm. Major cause of blindness, and may provoke rheumatic, neurologic, or asthmatic symptoms,

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxocariasis :
Toxocariasis (Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM)). Source of disease: Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxocariasis :
Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)). Source of disease: Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Toxoplasma (Human Strain)HC395000Parasitic protozoan causing Toxoplasmosis.
Toxoplasma SpecialXTRA12343.74,19665.88,979.11,434,853Parasitic protozoan causing Toxoplasmosis.
ToxoplasmosisETDF170,320,32500,47500,60000,125710,476500,527000,749000,987230Potentially serious infectious disease that can be either acquired or present at birth. See Toxoplasma programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis - Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan parasite)

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide and in many kinds of animals and birds. The parasite also lives in cats. Human infection may result from: Blood transfusions or solid organ transplants Handling cat litter Eating contaminated soil Eating raw or undercooked meat (lamb, pork, and beef) Toxoplasmosis also affects people who have weakened immune systems. The infection may also be passed from an infected mother to her baby through the placenta. This results in congenital toxoplasmosis.
There may be no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they usually occur about 1 to 2 weeks after contact with the parasite. The disease can affect the brain, lung, heart, eyes, or liver. Symptoms in people with otherwise healthy immune systems can include: Enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck Headache Fever Mild illness similar to mononucleosis Muscle pain Sore throat Symptoms in people with a weakened immune system can include: Confusion Fever Headache Blurred vision due to inflammation of the retina Seizures.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests that may be done include: Blood test for toxoplasmosis CT scan of the head MRI of head Slit lamp exam of the eyes Brain biopsy.
People without symptoms usually do not need treatment. Medicines to treat the infection include an antimalarial drug and antibiotics. People with AIDS should continue treatment for as long as their immune system is weak, to prevent the disease from reactivating.
With treatment, people with a healthy immune system usually recover well.
The disease may return. In people with a weakened immune system, the infection may spread throughout the body, leading to death.
Call for an appointment with your provider if you develop symptoms of toxoplasmosis. Medical care is needed right away if symptoms occur in: Infants or babies Someone with a weakened immune system due to certain medicines or disease Also seek medical treatment right away if the following symptoms occur: Confusion Seizures.
Tips for preventing this condition: Do not eat undercooked meat. Wash hands after handling raw meat. Keep children's play areas free from cat and dog feces. Wash your hands thoroughly after touching soil that may be contaminated with animal feces. Pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems should take the following precautions: Do not clean cat litter boxes. Do not touch anything that may contain cat feces. Do not touch anything that could be contaminated by insects, such as cockroaches and flies that may be exposed to cat feces. Pregnant women and those with HIV/AIDS should be screened for toxoplasmosis. A blood test can be done. In some cases, medicine to prevent toxoplasmosis may be given.
Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital toxoplasmosis.
Mcleod R, Van Tubbergen C, Boyer KM. Toxoplasmosis ( Toxoplasma gondii ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis. Source of disease: Toxoplasma gondii
ToxoplasmosisVEGA434,852Potentially serious infectious disease that can be either acquired or present at birth. See Toxoplasma programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis - Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan parasite)

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide and in many kinds of animals and birds. The parasite also lives in cats. Human infection may result from: Blood transfusions or solid organ transplants Handling cat litter Eating contaminated soil Eating raw or undercooked meat (lamb, pork, and beef) Toxoplasmosis also affects people who have weakened immune systems. The infection may also be passed from an infected mother to her baby through the placenta. This results in congenital toxoplasmosis.
There may be no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they usually occur about 1 to 2 weeks after contact with the parasite. The disease can affect the brain, lung, heart, eyes, or liver. Symptoms in people with otherwise healthy immune systems can include: Enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck Headache Fever Mild illness similar to mononucleosis Muscle pain Sore throat Symptoms in people with a weakened immune system can include: Confusion Fever Headache Blurred vision due to inflammation of the retina Seizures.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests that may be done include: Blood test for toxoplasmosis CT scan of the head MRI of head Slit lamp exam of the eyes Brain biopsy.
People without symptoms usually do not need treatment. Medicines to treat the infection include an antimalarial drug and antibiotics. People with AIDS should continue treatment for as long as their immune system is weak, to prevent the disease from reactivating.
With treatment, people with a healthy immune system usually recover well.
The disease may return. In people with a weakened immune system, the infection may spread throughout the body, leading to death.
Call for an appointment with your provider if you develop symptoms of toxoplasmosis. Medical care is needed right away if symptoms occur in: Infants or babies Someone with a weakened immune system due to certain medicines or disease Also seek medical treatment right away if the following symptoms occur: Confusion Seizures.
Tips for preventing this condition: Do not eat undercooked meat. Wash hands after handling raw meat. Keep children's play areas free from cat and dog feces. Wash your hands thoroughly after touching soil that may be contaminated with animal feces. Pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems should take the following precautions: Do not clean cat litter boxes. Do not touch anything that may contain cat feces. Do not touch anything that could be contaminated by insects, such as cockroaches and flies that may be exposed to cat feces. Pregnant women and those with HIV/AIDS should be screened for toxoplasmosis. A blood test can be done. In some cases, medicine to prevent toxoplasmosis may be given.
Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital toxoplasmosis.
Mcleod R, Van Tubbergen C, Boyer KM. Toxoplasmosis ( Toxoplasma gondii ).

Encyclopedia Entry for Toxoplasmosis :
Toxoplasmosis. Source of disease: Toxoplasma gondii
Tracheal StenosisETDF70,370,8000,13980,47500,96500,150000,519340,689930,923700Narrowing of airways, causing breathlessness, with many causes. See Breathing Difficulty (Dyspnea), and Dyspnea programs.
Tracheoesophageal FistulaETDF130,400,730,5620,7250,42500,90000,479500,527000,986220Abnormal connection between trachea and esophagus.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tracheoesophageal Fistula :
Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The trachea (windpipe) is the tube that carries air into and out of the lungs. The defects usually occur together. They may occur along with other problems as part of a syndrome (group of problems): Esophageal atresia (EA) occurs when the upper part of the esophagus does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the upper part of the esophagus and the trachea or windpipe. This surgery is almost always done soon after birth. Both defects can often be repaired at the same time. Briefly, the surgery takes place this way: Medicine (anesthesia) is given so that the baby is in a deep sleep and pain-free during surgery. The surgeon makes a cut on the side of the chest between the ribs. The fistula between the esophagus and windpipe is closed. The upper and lower portions of the esophagus are sewn together. If the two parts of the esophagus are too far apart, then: Only the fistula is repaired during the first surgery. A gastrostomy tube (a tube that goes through the skin into the stomach) may be placed to give your child nutrition. Your child will have another surgery later to repair the esophagus. Sometimes the surgeon will wait 2 to 4 months before doing the surgery. Waiting allows your baby to grow or have other problems treated. If your child's surgery is delayed: A gastrostomy tube (G-tube) will be placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach. Numbing medicines (local anesthesia) will be used so that the baby does not feel pain. At the same time the tube is placed, the doctor may widen the baby's esophagus with a special instrument called a dilator. This will make the future surgery easier.
Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia are life-threatening problems. They need to be treated right away. If these problems are not treated: Your child may breathe saliva and fluids from the stomach into the lungs. This is called aspiration. It can cause choking and pneumonia (lung infection). Your child cannot swallow and digest at all if the esophagus does not connect to the stomach.
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general include: Reactions to medicines Breathing problems Bleeding , blood clots, or infection Risks of this surgery include: Collapsed lung ( pneumothorax ) Food leakage from the area that is repaired Low body temperature ( hypothermia ) Narrowing of the repaired organs Reopening of the fistula.
Your baby will be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as soon as the doctors diagnose either of these problems. Your baby will receive nutrition by vein (intravenous, or IV) and may also be on a breathing machine (ventilator). The care team may use suction to keep fluids from going into the lungs. Some infants who are premature, have a low birth weight, or have other birth defects beside TEF and/or EA may not be able to have surgery until they grow larger or until other problems have been treated or have gone away.
After surgery, your child will be cared for in the hospital's NICU. Additional treatments after surgery usually include: Antibiotics as needed, to prevent infection Breathing machine (ventilator) Chest tube (a tube through the skin into the chest wall) to drain fluids from the space between the outside of the lung and the inside of the chest cavity Intravenous (IV) fluids, including nutrition Oxygen Pain medicines as needed If both the TEF and EA are repaired: A tube is placed through the nose into the stomach (nasogastric tube) during the surgery. Feedings are usually started through this tube a few days after surgery. Feedings by mouth are started slowly. The baby may need feeding therapy. If only the TEF is repaired, a G-tube is used for feedings until the atresia can be repaired. While your baby is in the hospital, the care team will show you how to use and replace the G-tube. You may also be sent home with an extra G-tube. The hospital staff will inform a home health supply company of your equipment needs. How long your infant stays in the hospital depends on the type of surgery your child has and whether there are other problems in addition to the TEF and EA. You will be able to bring your baby home once they are taking feedings by mouth or gastrostomy tube and is gaining weight.
Surgery can usually repair a TEF and EA. Once healing from the surgery is complete, your child may have these problems: The part of the esophagus that was repaired may become narrower. Your child may need to have more surgery to treat this. Your child may have heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). This occurs when acid from the stomach goes up into the esophagus. GERD may cause breathing problems. During infancy and early childhood, many children will have problems with breathing, growth, and feeding, and will need to continue seeing both their primary care provider and specialists. Babies with TEF and EA who also have defects of other organs, most commonly the heart, may have long-term health problems.
TEF repair; Esophageal atresia repair.
Bringing your child to visit a very ill sibling Surgical wound care - open.
Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series.
Madanick R, Orlando RC. Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the esophagus.
TrachomaETDF190,370,780,950,2250,5250,45000,65750,752630,924370Painful and potentially blinding infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trachoma :
Trachoma. Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. The condition occurs around the world. It is most often seen in rural areas of developing countries. Children are often affected. However, the scarring caused by the infection may not be noticed until later in life. The condition is rare in the United States. However, it is more likely to occur in crowded or unclean living conditions. Trachoma is spread through direct contact with infected eye, nose, or throat fluids. It can also be passed by contact with contaminated objects, such as towels or clothes. Certain flies can also spread the bacteria.
Symptoms begin 5 to 12 days after being exposed to the bacteria. The condition begins slowly. It first appears as inflammation of the tissue lining the eyelids ( conjunctivitis , or 'pink eye'). Untreated, this may lead to scarring. Symptoms may include: Cloudy cornea Discharge from the eye Swelling of lymph nodes just in front of the ears Swollen eyelids Turned-in eyelashes.
The health care provider will do an eye exam to look for scarring on the inside of the upper eye lid, redness of the white part of the eyes, and new blood vessel growth into the cornea. Lab tests are needed to identify the bacteria and make an accurate diagnosis.
Antibiotics can prevent long-term complications if used early in the infection. In certain cases, eyelid surgery may be needed to prevent long-term scarring, which can lead to blindness if not corrected.
Outcomes are very good if treatment is started early before scarring and changes to the eyelids develop.
If the eyelids become very irritated, the eyelashes may turn in and rub against the cornea. This can cause corneal ulcers, additional scars, vision loss, and possibly, blindness.
Call your provider if you or your child recently visited an area where trachoma is common and you notice symptoms of conjunctivitis.
Spread of the infection can be limited by washing your hands and face often, keeping clothes clean, and not sharing items such as towels.
Granular conjunctivitis; Egyptian ophthalmia; Conjunctivitis - granular; Conjunctivitis - chlamydia.
Eye Eye.
Chidambaram JD, Chandler RD, Lietman TM. Pathogenesis and control of blinding trachoma.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trachoma :
Trachoma. Source of disease: Chlamydia trachomatis
TraumaCAFL96,192,300,760,3000In medicine, trauma (injury) is damage to a biological organism caused by physical harm from an external source.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trauma :
Traumatic events and children. Your child could experience a one-time traumatic event or a repeated trauma that happens over and over again. Examples of one-time traumatic events are: Natural disasters, such as a tornado, hurricane, fire, or flood Rape Witness shooting or stabbing of a person Sudden death of a parent or trusted caregiver Hospitalization Examples of traumatic events that your child experiences over and over are: Physical or emotional abuse Sexual abuse Gang violence War Terrorist events.
Your child may be having emotional reactions and feels: Nervous Worried about safety Agitated Withdrawn Sad Scared of sleeping alone at night Temper tantrums Dissociated, which is an extreme and common reaction to a traumatic event. Your child copes with the trauma by withdrawing from the world. They feel detached and see things happening around them as if it is unreal. Your child may also be having physical problems like: Stomachaches Headaches Nausea and vomiting Trouble sleeping and nightmares Your child may also be reliving the event: Seeing images Remembering every detail of what happened and what they did Have the need to tell the story over and over again.
Half of the children who survive traumatic events will show signs of PTSD. Every child's symptoms are different. In general, your child may have: Intense fear Feelings of helplessness Feelings of being agitated and disorganized Trouble sleeping Trouble focusing Loss of appetite Changes in their interactions with others, including more aggressive or more withdrawn Your child may also go back to behaviors they had outgrown: Bedwetting Clinging Sucking their thumb Emotionally-numb, anxious, or depressed Separation anxiety.
Let your child know that they are safe and that you are in control. Know that your child is taking cues from you on how to react to the traumatic event. It is OK for you to be sad or hurt. But your child needs to know that you are in control and are protecting them. Let your child know that you are there for them. Return to a daily routine as soon as you can. Create a schedule for eating, sleeping, school, and playing. Daily routines help kids know what to expect and make them feel safe. Talk to your child. Let them know what you are doing to keep them safe. Answer their questions in a way they can understand. Stay close to your child. Let them sit near you or hold your hand. Accept and work with your child on regressed behavior. Monitor information that your child is getting about an event. Turn off the TV news and limit your conversations about events in front of young children.
There is no one way that children recover after traumatic events. Expect that your child should go back to their usual activities over time. If your child is still having trouble recovering after one month, get professional help. Your child will learn how to: Talk about what happened. They will tell their stories with words, pictures, or play. This helps them see that the reaction to the trauma is normal. Develop coping strategies to help with fear and anxiety. Let teachers know about traumatic events in your child's life. Keep open communication about changes in your child's behavior.
Stress - traumatic events in children.
Augustyn MC, Zuckerman BS. Impact of violence on children.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trauma :
Traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra. Types of bladder injuries include: Blunt trauma (such as a blow to the body) Penetrating wounds (such as bullet or stab wounds) The amount of injury to the bladder depends on: How full the bladder was at the time of injury What caused the injury Traumatic injury to the bladder is not very common. The bladder is located within the bones of the pelvis. This protects it from most outside forces. Injury may occur if there is a blow to the pelvis severe enough to break the bones. In this case, bone fragments may pierce the bladder wall. Less than 1 in 10 pelvic fractures lead to bladder injury. Other causes of bladder or urethra injury include: Surgeries of the pelvis or groin (such as hernia repair and removal of the uterus ) Tears, cuts, bruises, and other injuries to the urethra. Urethra is the tube that carries urine out of the body. This is most common in men. Straddle injuries. This injury may occur if there is direct force that injures the area behind the scrotum Deceleration injury. This injury may occur during a motor vehicle accident. Your bladder can get injured if it is full and you are wearing a seatbelt Injury to the bladder or urethra may cause urine to leak into the abdomen. This may lead to infection.
Some common symptoms are: Lower abdominal pain Blood in the urine Bloody discharge Difficulty beginning to urinate or inability to empty the bladder Loss of fluids Painful urination Pelvic pain Severe bleeding Small, weak urine stream Abdominal distention or bloating Shock or internal bleeding may occur after a bladder injury. This is a medical emergency. Symptoms include: Decreased alertness , drowsiness , coma Increased heart rate Pale skin Sweating Skin that is cool to the touch If there is no or little urine released, there may be an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTI).
An exam of the genitals may show injury to the urethra. An x-ray of the urethra using dye (retrograde urethrogram) should be done if the health care provider suspects an injury. The exam may also show: Bladder injury or swollen (distended) bladder Other signs of pelvic injury, such as bruising over the penis, scrotum, and perineum Signs of hemorrhage or shock, including decreased blood pressure -- especially in cases of pelvic fracture Tenderness and bladder fullness when touched (caused by urine retention) Tender and unstable pelvic bones Urine in the abdominal cavity A catheter (tube that drains urine from the body) may be inserted once an injury of the urethra has been ruled out. An x-ray of the bladder using dye to highlight any damage can then be done.
The goals of treatment are to: Control symptoms Repair the injury Prevent complications Emergency treatment of bleeding or shock may include: Blood transfusions Intravenous (IV) fluids Monitoring in the hospital You may need emergency surgery to repair the injury and drain the urine from the abdominal cavity in the case of peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal cavity). The injury can be repaired with surgery in most cases. The bladder may be drained by a catheter through the urethra or the abdominal wall over a period of days to weeks. This will prevent urine from building up in the bladder. It will also allow the injured bladder or urethra to heal and prevent swelling in the urethra from blocking urine flow. If the urethra has been cut, a urological specialist can try to put a catheter in place. If this cannot be done, a tube will be inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder. This is called a suprapubic tube. It will be left in place until the swelling goes away and the urethra can be repaired with surgery. This takes 3 to 6 months.
Traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra can be minor or life threatening. Short- or long-term serious complications can occur.
Some of the possible complications of injury of the bladder and urethra are: Bleeding, shock. Blockage to the flow of urine. This causes the urine to back up and injure one or both kidneys. Scarring leading to blockage of the urethra. Problems emptying the bladder completely.
Call the local emergency number (911) or go to the emergency room if you have a traumatic bladder or urethra injury. Call your provider if symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop, including: Decrease in urine production Fever Severe abdominal pain Severe flank or back pain Shock or hemorrhage.
Prevent outside injury to the bladder and urethra by following these safety tips: Do not insert objects into the urethra. If you need self-catheterization, follow the instructions of your provider. Use safety equipment during work and play.
Injury - bladder and urethra; Bruised bladder; Urethral injury; Bladder injury; Pelvic fracture; Urethral disruption.
Bladder catheterization, female Bladder catheterization, female Bladder catheterization, male Bladder catheterization, male Female urinary tract Female urinary tract Male urinary tract Male urinary tract.
Morey AF, Zhao LC. Genital and lower urinary tract trauma.
TremorETDF400,600,850,5090,7250,92500,175000,476500,527000,663710Involuntary muscle movement that may be rhythmic, mostly in hands.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tremor :
Tremor - self-care. For many people with a tremor, the cause is not found. Some types of tremors run in families. A tremor may also be part of a long-term brain or nerve disorder. Some medicines can cause tremors. Talk with your health care provider if a medicine may be causing your tremor. Your provider may lower the dosage or switch you to another medicine. DO NOT change or stop any medicine before you talk with your provider. You may not need treatment for your tremor unless it interferes with your daily life or is embarrassing for you.
Most tremors become worse when you are tired. Try not to do too much during the day. Get enough sleep. Ask your provider about how you can change your sleep habits if you have problems sleeping. Stress and anxiety can also make your tremor worse. These things may lower your stress level: Meditation, deep relaxation, or breathing exercises Reducing your caffeine intake Alcohol use can also cause tremors. If it is the cause of your tremors, seek treatment and support. Your provider can help you find a treatment program that may help you stop drinking.
Tremors can worsen over time. They may begin to interfere with your ability to do your daily activities. To help in your day-to-day activities: Buy clothes with Velcro fasteners instead of buttons or hooks. Cook or eat with utensils that have larger handles that are easier to grip. Drink from half-filled cups to avoid spilling. Use straws to drink so you do not have to pick up your glass. Wear slip-on shoes and use shoehorns. Wear a heavier bracelet or watch. It may reduce a hand or arm tremor.
Your provider may prescribe medicines to relieve your tremor symptoms. How well any medicine works may depend on your body and the cause of your tremor. Some of these medicines have side effects. Tell your provider if you have these symptoms or any other symptoms you are concerned about: Fatigue or drowsiness Stuffy nose Slow heart rate (pulse) Wheezing or trouble breathing Problems concentrating Walking or balance problems Nausea.
Call your provider if: Your tremor is severe and it interferes with your life. Your tremor occurs with other symptoms, such as headache, weakness, abnormal tongue motion, muscle tightening, or other movements that you cannot control. You are having side effects from your medicine.
Shaking - self-care; Essential tremor - self-care; Familial tremor - self-care.
Jankovic J, Lang AE. Diagnosis and assessment of Parkinson disease and other movement disorders.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tremor :
Tremor. Tremors can happen at any age. They are more common in older people. Everyone has some tremor when they move their hands. Stress, fatigue, anger, fear, caffeine, and smoking may make this type of tremor worse. A tremor that does not go away over time may be a sign of a medical problem and should be checked by your health care provider. Essential tremor is the most common tremor. The shaking most often involves small, rapid movements. It usually occurs when you are trying to do something, such as reaching for an object or writing. This type of tremor may also run in families.
Tremor may be caused by: Certain medicines Brain, nerve, or movement disorders, including uncontrolled muscle movements ( dystonia ) Brain tumor Alcohol use or alcohol withdrawal Multiple sclerosis Muscle tiredness or weakness Normal aging Overactive thyroid Parkinson disease Stress, anxiety, or fatigue Stroke Too much coffee or other caffeinated drink.
Your provider will likely suggest self-care measures to help with daily life. For tremors caused by stress, try ways to relax, such as meditation or breathing exercises. For tremors of any cause, avoid caffeine and get enough sleep. For tremors caused by a medicine, talk to your provider about stopping the drug, reducing the dosage, or switching to another medicine. Do not change or stop medicines on your own. For tremors caused by alcohol use, seek treatment to help you stop drinking alcohol. Severe tremors may make it hard to do daily activities. You may need help with these activities. Devices that may help include: Buying clothes with Velcro fasteners or using button hooks Cooking or eating with utensils that have a larger handle Using a sippy cup to drink Wearing slip-on shoes and using shoehorns .
Call your provider if your tremor: Is worse at rest and gets better with movement such as when you reach for something Is prolonged, severe, or interferes with your life Occurs with other symptoms, such as headache, weakness, abnormal tongue movements, muscle tightening, or other movements that you cannot control.
Your doctor will perform a physical exam, including a detailed brain and nervous system (neurologic) examination. You may be asked questions to help your doctor find the cause of your tremors: The following tests may be ordered: Blood tests such as CBC , blood differential , thyroid function tests , and glucose test EMG or nerve conduction studies to check the functions of the muscles and nerves Head CT scan MRI of the head Urine tests Once a cause of the tremor has been determined, treatment will be prescribed. You may not need treatment unless the tremor interferes with your daily activities or causes embarrassment. Treatment depends on the cause. Tremor caused by a medical condition, such as hyperthyroidism, will likely get better when the condition is treated. If the tremor is caused by a certain medicine, stopping the drug will usually help it go away. Never stop taking any medicine without first talking to your doctor. You may be prescribed medicines to help relieve symptoms. How well medicines work depends on your overall health and the cause of the tremor. In some cases, surgery is done to relieve the tremors.
Shaking; Tremor - hand; Hand tremor; Tremor - arms; Kinetic tremor; Intention tremor; Postural tremor; Essential tremor.
Muscular atrophy Muscular atrophy.
Fasano A, Deuschl G. Therapeutic advances in tremor. Mov Disord. 2015;30:1557-1565. PMID: 26293405. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293405. Jankovic J, Lang AE. Diagnosis and assessment of Parkinson disease and other movement disorders.
Tremors Brain TumorsXTRA463,466Many different factors or diseases can also causetremors, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, fatigue after exercise, extreme emotional distress,brain tumors, some prescription drugs, metabolic abnormalities, and alcohol or drug withdrawal.
Treponema 1XTRA6600Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Treponema 2XTRA20,600,625,626,650,660,10000Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Treponema 3XTRA660Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Treponema DenticolaXTRA842From Dr. Richard Loyd. Spirochete causing dental infection. Usually present in Morgellons.
Treponema PallidumCAFL660,902Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Treponema PallidumHC346850-347400Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Treponema Pallidum 1XTRA20,120,177,600,625,650,658,660,690,700,727.5,902,12338.12,17276.11,21685.01,21687.5Spirochete causing syphilis. Has also been used for Lyme treatment. Use Syphilis, and see Luesinum and Syphilinum programs.
Trichinella Spiralis MuscleHC403850-405570Nematode commonly found in undercooked pork causing Trichinosis. Also see Trichinella Spiralis, Parasites Trichinella Spiralis, and Parasites Trichinosis programs.
Trichinella Spiralis MuscleXTRA12620.3,12674.05,12640.62,1001.03,1005.3,1002.65Nematode commonly found in undercooked pork causing Trichinosis. Also see Trichinella Spiralis, Parasites Trichinella Spiralis, and Parasites Trichinosis programs.
TrichinosisETDF100,520,870,2500,13390,325160,475000,527000,759000,985670Caused by ingestion of Trichinella Spiralis, usually in undercooked pork. See Trichinella Spiralis Muscle, Parasites Trichinosis, and Parasites Trichinella Spiralis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trichinosis :
Trichinosis. Trichinosis is a disease caused by eating meat that has not been thoroughly cooked and contains cysts (larvae, or immature worms) of Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella spiralis can be found in pork, bear, walrus, fox, rat, horse, and lion. Wild animals, especially carnivores (meat eaters) or omnivores (animals that eat both meat and plants), should be considered possible sources of roundworm disease. Domestic meat animals raised specifically for eating under United States Department of Agriculture (government) guidelines and inspection can be considered safe. For this reason, trichinosis is rare in the United States, but it is a common infection worldwide. When a person eats meat from an infected animal, trichinella cysts break open in the intestine and grow into adult roundworms. The roundworms produce other worms that move through the gut wall and into the bloodstream. The worms invade muscle tissues, including the heart and diaphragm (the breathing muscle under the lungs). They can also infect the lungs and brain. The cysts remain alive for years.
Symptoms of trichinosis include: Abdominal discomfort, cramping Diarrhea Facial swelling around the eyes Fever Muscle pain (especially muscle pain with breathing, chewing, or using large muscles) Muscle weakness.
Tests to diagnose this condition include: Complete blood count ( CBC ) Eosinophil count (a type of white blood cell) Creatine kinase level (an enzyme found in muscle cells) Muscle biopsy to check for worms in the muscle Blood antibody test.
Medicines can be used to treat infections in the intestines, though mild infection does not usually need treatment. Pain medicine can help relieve muscle soreness after the larvae have invaded the muscles.
Most people with trichinosis have no symptoms and the infection goes away by itself. More severe infections may be difficult to treat, especially if the lungs, heart, or brain is involved.
Possible complications include: Encephalitis (brain infection and inflammation) Heart failure Heart rhythm problems from heart inflammation Pneumonia.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of trichinosis and you recently ate undercooked or raw meat that might have been contaminated.
Pork and meat from wild animals should be cooked until well done (no traces of pink). Freezing pork at subzero temperatures (5 F, or -15 C, or colder) for 3 to 4 weeks will kill the worms. Freezing wild game meat does not always kill the worms. Smoking, salting, and drying meat are also not reliable methods of killing the worms.
Parasite infection - trichinosis; Trichiniasis; Trichinellosis; Roundworm - trichinosis.
Trichinella spiralis in human muscle Trichinella spiralis in human muscle Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Diemert DJ. Tissue nematode infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trichinosis :
Trichinosis. Source of disease: Trichinella spiralis
TrichinosisVEGA541,1372Caused by ingestion of Trichinella Spiralis, usually in undercooked pork. See Trichinella Spiralis Muscle, Parasites Trichinosis, and Parasites Trichinella Spiralis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trichinosis :
Trichinosis. Trichinosis is a disease caused by eating meat that has not been thoroughly cooked and contains cysts (larvae, or immature worms) of Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella spiralis can be found in pork, bear, walrus, fox, rat, horse, and lion. Wild animals, especially carnivores (meat eaters) or omnivores (animals that eat both meat and plants), should be considered possible sources of roundworm disease. Domestic meat animals raised specifically for eating under United States Department of Agriculture (government) guidelines and inspection can be considered safe. For this reason, trichinosis is rare in the United States, but it is a common infection worldwide. When a person eats meat from an infected animal, trichinella cysts break open in the intestine and grow into adult roundworms. The roundworms produce other worms that move through the gut wall and into the bloodstream. The worms invade muscle tissues, including the heart and diaphragm (the breathing muscle under the lungs). They can also infect the lungs and brain. The cysts remain alive for years.
Symptoms of trichinosis include: Abdominal discomfort, cramping Diarrhea Facial swelling around the eyes Fever Muscle pain (especially muscle pain with breathing, chewing, or using large muscles) Muscle weakness.
Tests to diagnose this condition include: Complete blood count ( CBC ) Eosinophil count (a type of white blood cell) Creatine kinase level (an enzyme found in muscle cells) Muscle biopsy to check for worms in the muscle Blood antibody test.
Medicines can be used to treat infections in the intestines, though mild infection does not usually need treatment. Pain medicine can help relieve muscle soreness after the larvae have invaded the muscles.
Most people with trichinosis have no symptoms and the infection goes away by itself. More severe infections may be difficult to treat, especially if the lungs, heart, or brain is involved.
Possible complications include: Encephalitis (brain infection and inflammation) Heart failure Heart rhythm problems from heart inflammation Pneumonia.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of trichinosis and you recently ate undercooked or raw meat that might have been contaminated.
Pork and meat from wild animals should be cooked until well done (no traces of pink). Freezing pork at subzero temperatures (5 F, or -15 C, or colder) for 3 to 4 weeks will kill the worms. Freezing wild game meat does not always kill the worms. Smoking, salting, and drying meat are also not reliable methods of killing the worms.
Parasite infection - trichinosis; Trichiniasis; Trichinellosis; Roundworm - trichinosis.
Trichinella spiralis in human muscle Trichinella spiralis in human muscle Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Diemert DJ. Tissue nematode infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trichinosis :
Trichinosis. Source of disease: Trichinella spiralis
Trichinosis 1XTRA101,230,541,822,1054,1372,12620.3,12640.62,20138.86Caused by ingestion of Trichinella Spiralis, usually in undercooked pork. See Trichinella Spiralis Muscle, Parasites Trichinosis, and Parasites Trichinella Spiralis programs.
Trichinosis 3XTRA5411372Caused by ingestion of Trichinella Spiralis, usually in undercooked pork. See Trichinella Spiralis Muscle, Parasites Trichinosis, and Parasites Trichinella Spiralis programs.
TrichodermaBIO711Common soil fungus that also infects homes. Very toxic. Also use Fungus General programs.
TrichomonasCAFL610,692,980Parasitic protozoan, usually sexually transmitted, causing vaginal irritation with discharge and itching.
Vaginal
Trichomonas InfectionsETDF170,620,2750,15750,42500,62500,97500,357300,712230,997870Parasitic protozoan, usually sexually transmitted, causing vaginal irritation with discharge and itching.
Trichomonas VaginalisHC378000-383600Parasitic protozoan, usually sexually transmitted, causing vaginal irritation with discharge and itching.
TrichophytonBIO132,812,2422,9493Fungus causing Athlete's Foot, Ringworm, Jock Itch, and similar infections of nail, beard, skin and scalp.
Trichophyton GeneralCAFL132,725,808,812,2422,9493Fungus causing Athlete's Foot, Ringworm, Jock Itch, and similar infections of nail, beard, skin and scalp.
Trichophyton MentagrophytesBIO311Fungus causing Tinea/Ringworm in humans and animals. See Trichophyton General, and Fungus General programs.
Trichophyton MentagrophytesCAFL311,414Fungus causing Tinea/Ringworm in humans and animals. See Trichophyton General, and Fungus General programs.
Trichophyton NagelCAFL381,585,593,812Fungus that mostly infects nails. See Onchomycosis, Fungus General, Trichophyton General, and other Trichophyton programs.
Trichophyton Nagel SecondaryCAFL133,142,373,376,378,385,387,420,425,428,576,578,580,581,583,584,587,588,592,595,597,724,725,726,750,794,797,801,805,808,809,817,886,2422,6887,7688,7697,7885,584,587,592,732,733,738,748,765,766,771,777,778,779,1256Fungus that mostly infects nails. See Onchomycosis, Fungus General, Trichophyton General, and other Trichophyton programs.
Trichophyton RubrumBIO752,923Most common cause of Athlete's Foot, fungal infection of nail, Jock Itch, and Ringworm. Also see Trichophyton General, and Fungus General programs.
Trichophyton TonsuransCAFL454,765Common cause of Tinea Capitis. See Tinea, Ringworm, Fungus General, Trichophyton General, and other Trichophyton programs.
Trichophyton TonsuransVEGA765Common cause of Tinea Capitis. See Tinea, Ringworm, Fungus General, Trichophyton General, and other Trichophyton programs.
Trichothiodystrophy SyndromesETDF140,490,730,950,7500,2500,20000,136420,376290,458500Inherited disorders with brittle hair/nails, short stature, and intellectual impairment. Photosensitivity is also present in many cases.
TrichotillomaniaETDF240,750,950,95000,358570,475160,527000,667000,742000,987230Obsessive-compulsive disorder with urge to pull out one's hair.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trichotillomania :
Trichotillomania. Trichotillomania is a type of impulsive control disorder. Its causes are not clearly understood. It may affect as much as 4% of the population. Women are 4 times more likely to be affected than men.
Symptoms most often begin before age 17. The hair may come out in round patches or across the scalp. The effect is an uneven appearance. The person may pluck other hairy areas, such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, or body hair. These symptoms are most often seen in children: An uneven appearance to the hair Bare patches or all around (diffuse) loss of hair Bowel blockage (obstruction) if people eat the hair they pull out Constant tugging, pulling, or twisting of hair Denying the hair pulling Hair regrowth that feels like stubble in the bare spots Increasing sense of tension before the hair pulling Other self-injury behaviors Sense of relief, pleasure, or gratification after the hair pulling Most people with this disorder also have problems with: Feeling sad or depressed Anxiety Poor self-image.
Your health care provider will examine your skin, hair, and scalp. A piece of tissue may be removed (biopsy) to find other causes, such as a scalp infection, and to explain the hair loss.
Experts don't agree on the use of medicine for treatment. However, naltrexone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to be effective in reducing some symptoms. Behavioral therapy and habit reversal may also be effective.
Trichotillomania that begins in younger children (less than 6 years old) may go away without treatment. For most people, the hair pulling ends within 12 months. For others, trichotillomania is a lifelong disorder. However, treatment often improves the hair pulling and the feelings of depression, anxiety, or poor self-image.
People can have complications when they eat the pulled-out hair (trichophagia). This can cause a blockage in the intestines or lead to poor nutrition.
Early detection is the best form of prevention because it leads to early treatment. Decreasing stress can help, because stress may increase compulsive behavior.
Trichotillosis; Compulsive hair pulling.
Trichotillomania - top of the head Trichotillomania - top of the head.
American Psychiatric Association. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
Trichuris Species MaleHC388300-408900Type of Roundworm. Also see Parasites Trichuris, Parasites Whipworm, and Whipworm Infections.
Trichuris Species MaleXTRA12134.37,12778.12,12687.5,962.5,1013.55,1006.37Type of Roundworm. Also see Parasites Trichuris, Parasites Whipworm, and Whipworm Infections.
Tricuspid AtresiaETDF170,32500,52500,72500,95110,175750,455820,518920,684810,962000Congenital heart disease with complete absence of tricuspid valve.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tricuspid Atresia :
Tricuspid atresia. Tricuspid atresia is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease. It affects about 5 in every 100,000 live births. One in 5 people with this condition will also have other heart problems. Normally, blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle and on to the lungs. If the tricuspid valve does not open, the blood cannot flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Because of the problem with the tricuspid valve, blood ultimately cannot enter the lungs. This is where it must go to pick up oxygen (becomes oxygenated). Instead, the blood passes through a hole between the right and left atrium. In the left atrium, it mixes with oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs. This mix of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is then pumped out into the body from the left ventricle. This causes the oxygen level in the blood to be lower than normal. In people with tricuspid atresia, the lungs receive blood either through a hole between the right and left ventricles (described above), or through maintenance of a fetal vessel called the ductus arteriosus. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery (artery to the lungs) to the aorta (main artery to the body). It is present when a baby is born, but normally closes by itself shortly after birth.
Symptoms include: Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) due to low oxygen level in the blood Fast breathing Fatigue Poor growth Shortness of breath.
This condition may be discovered during routine prenatal ultrasound imaging or when the baby is examined after birth. Bluish skin is present at birth. A heart murmur is often present at birth and may increase in loudness over several months. Tests may include the following: ECG Echocardiogram Chest x-ray Cardiac catheterization MRI of the heart CT scan of the heart.
Once the diagnosis is made, the baby will often be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A medicine called prostaglandin E1 may be used to keep the ductus arteriosis open so that blood can circulate to the lungs. Generally, patients with this condition require surgery. If the heart is unable to pump enough blood out to the lungs and rest of the body, the first surgery most often takes place within the first few days of life. In this procedure, an artificial shunt is inserted to keep blood flowing to the lungs. In some cases, this first surgery is not needed. Afterward, the baby goes home in most cases. The child will need to take one or more daily medicines and be closely followed by a pediatric cardiologist. This doctor will decide when the second stage of surgery should be done. The next stage of surgery is called the Glenn shunt or hemi-Fontan procedure. This procedure connects half of the veins carrying oxygen-poor blood from the upper half of the body directly to the pulmonary artery. The surgery is most often done when the child is between 4 to 6 months old. During stage I and II, the child may still look blue (cyanotic). Stage III, the final step, is called the Fontan procedure. The rest of the veins carrying oxygen-poor blood from the body are connected directly to the pulmonary artery leading to the lungs. The left ventricle now only has to pump to the body, not the lungs. This surgery is usually performed when the child is 18 months to 3 years old. After this final step, the baby's skin is no longer blue.
In most cases, surgery will improve the condition.
Complications may include: Irregular, fast heart rhythms (arrhythmias) Chronic diarrhea (from a disease called protein-losing enteropathy) Heart failure Fluid in the abdomen (ascites) and in the lungs (pleural effusion) Blockage of the artificial shunt Strokes and other nervous system complications Sudden death.
Contact your health care provider right away if your infant has: New changes in breathing patterns Problems eating Skin that is turning blue.
There is no known way to prevent tricuspid atresia.
Tri atresia; Valve disorder - tricuspid atresia; Congenital heart - tricuspid atresia; Cyanotic heart disease - tricuspid atresia.
Heart, section through the middle Heart, section through the middle Tricuspid atresia Tricuspid atresia.
Fraser CD, Kane LC. Congenital heart disease.
Trigeminal NeuralgiaCAFL2720,2489,2170,1800,1600,1550,802,7.5,880,832,787,776,760,727,650,146,7.82,27.5,428Intensely painful neuropathic chronic disorder affecting the face's trigeminal nerve. Also see Neuralgia Trigeminal program.
Face

Encyclopedia Entry for Trigeminal Neuralgia :
Trigeminal neuralgia. The pain of TN comes from the trigeminal nerve. This nerve carries the sensations of touch and pain from the face, eyes, sinuses, and mouth to the brain. Trigeminal neuralgia may be caused by: Multiple sclerosis (MS) or other diseases that damage the protective covering myelin of the nerves Pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a swollen blood vessel or tumor Injury to the trigeminal nerve, such as from trauma to the face or from oral or sinus surgery Often, no exact cause is found. TN usually affects adults above age 50 years, but it can occur at any age. Women are affected more often than men. When TN affects people younger than 40, it is often due to MS or a tumor.
Symptoms may include any of the following: Very painful, sharp electric-like spasms that usually last from several seconds to less than 2 minutes, but can become constant. Pain is usually only on one side of the face, often around the eye, cheek, and lower part of the face. There is usually no loss of sensation or movement of the affected part of the face. Pain may be triggered by touch or sounds. Painful attacks of trigeminal neuralgia can be triggered by common, everyday activities, such as: Talking Smiling Brushing teeth Chewing Drinking Eating Exposure to hot or cold temperature Touching the face Shaving Wind Applying make-up The right side of the face is mostly affected. In some cases, TN goes away on its own.
A brain and nervous system (neurologic) examination is often normal. Tests that are done to look for the cause may include: Complete blood count Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) MRI of the head MRA (angiography) of brain Eye examination (to rule out intraocular disease) CT scan of head (who cannot undergo MRI) Trigeminal reflex testing (in rare cases).
Your primary care doctor, a neurologist, or a pain specialist may be involved in your care. Certain medicines sometimes help reduce pain and the rate of attacks. These medicines include: Anti-seizure medicines, such as carbamazepine Muscle relaxants, such as baclofen Tricyclic antidepressants Short-term pain relief occurs through surgery, but is associated with risk of complications. One surgery is called microvascular decompression (MVD) or the Jannetta procedure. During surgery, a sponge-like material is placed between the nerve and the blood vessel that is pressing on the nerve. Trigeminal nerve block (injection) with local anesthetic and steroid is an excellent treatment option to rapidly relieve pain while waiting for medicines to take effect. Other techniques involve destroying or cutting parts of the trigeminal nerve root. Methods used include: Radiofrequency ablation (uses high-frequency heat) Injection of glycerol or alcohol Balloon microcompression Radiosurgery (uses high power energy) If a tumor is the cause of TN, surgery is done to remove it.
How well you do depends on the cause of the problem. If there is no disease causing the problem, treatment can provide some relief. In some people, the pain becomes constant and severe.
Complications may include: Side effects of medicines used to treat TN Problems caused by procedures, such as loss of feeling in the treated area Weight loss from not eating to avoid triggering pain Avoiding other people if talking triggers pain Depression, suicide High levels of anxiety during acute attacks.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of TN, or your TN symptoms get worse.
Tic douloureux; Cranial neuralgia; Facial pain - trigeminal; Facial neuralgia; Trifacial neuralgia; Chronic pain - trigeminal; Microvascular decompression - trigeminal.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Gonzales TS. Facial Pain and neuromuscular diseases.
Trigeminal NeuralgiaETDF20,370,22500,52500,90000,275000,275160,310250,425110,838000Intensely painful neuropathic chronic disorder affecting the face's trigeminal nerve. Also see Neuralgia Trigeminal program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trigeminal Neuralgia :
Trigeminal neuralgia. The pain of TN comes from the trigeminal nerve. This nerve carries the sensations of touch and pain from the face, eyes, sinuses, and mouth to the brain. Trigeminal neuralgia may be caused by: Multiple sclerosis (MS) or other diseases that damage the protective covering myelin of the nerves Pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a swollen blood vessel or tumor Injury to the trigeminal nerve, such as from trauma to the face or from oral or sinus surgery Often, no exact cause is found. TN usually affects adults above age 50 years, but it can occur at any age. Women are affected more often than men. When TN affects people younger than 40, it is often due to MS or a tumor.
Symptoms may include any of the following: Very painful, sharp electric-like spasms that usually last from several seconds to less than 2 minutes, but can become constant. Pain is usually only on one side of the face, often around the eye, cheek, and lower part of the face. There is usually no loss of sensation or movement of the affected part of the face. Pain may be triggered by touch or sounds. Painful attacks of trigeminal neuralgia can be triggered by common, everyday activities, such as: Talking Smiling Brushing teeth Chewing Drinking Eating Exposure to hot or cold temperature Touching the face Shaving Wind Applying make-up The right side of the face is mostly affected. In some cases, TN goes away on its own.
A brain and nervous system (neurologic) examination is often normal. Tests that are done to look for the cause may include: Complete blood count Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) MRI of the head MRA (angiography) of brain Eye examination (to rule out intraocular disease) CT scan of head (who cannot undergo MRI) Trigeminal reflex testing (in rare cases).
Your primary care doctor, a neurologist, or a pain specialist may be involved in your care. Certain medicines sometimes help reduce pain and the rate of attacks. These medicines include: Anti-seizure medicines, such as carbamazepine Muscle relaxants, such as baclofen Tricyclic antidepressants Short-term pain relief occurs through surgery, but is associated with risk of complications. One surgery is called microvascular decompression (MVD) or the Jannetta procedure. During surgery, a sponge-like material is placed between the nerve and the blood vessel that is pressing on the nerve. Trigeminal nerve block (injection) with local anesthetic and steroid is an excellent treatment option to rapidly relieve pain while waiting for medicines to take effect. Other techniques involve destroying or cutting parts of the trigeminal nerve root. Methods used include: Radiofrequency ablation (uses high-frequency heat) Injection of glycerol or alcohol Balloon microcompression Radiosurgery (uses high power energy) If a tumor is the cause of TN, surgery is done to remove it.
How well you do depends on the cause of the problem. If there is no disease causing the problem, treatment can provide some relief. In some people, the pain becomes constant and severe.
Complications may include: Side effects of medicines used to treat TN Problems caused by procedures, such as loss of feeling in the treated area Weight loss from not eating to avoid triggering pain Avoiding other people if talking triggers pain Depression, suicide High levels of anxiety during acute attacks.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of TN, or your TN symptoms get worse.
Tic douloureux; Cranial neuralgia; Facial pain - trigeminal; Facial neuralgia; Trifacial neuralgia; Chronic pain - trigeminal; Microvascular decompression - trigeminal.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Gonzales TS. Facial Pain and neuromuscular diseases.
Troglodytella AbrassartiHC377750-385200Parasitic GI protozoan found in primates. Also see Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Troglodytella Abrassarti 2ndHC416900-422200Parasitic GI protozoan found in primates. Also see Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma BruceiHC423200-431400Protozoan causing Sleeping Sickness. Also see Parasites Trypanosoma Brucei, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma Cruzi (Brain Tissue)HC460200-465650Protozoan causing Chagas Disease. cardiac, GI tract, and peripheral nervous system disorders. Also see Parasites Trypanosoma Cruzi Brain Tissue, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma Cruzi (Brain Tissue)XTRA14381.25,14451.55,14468.75,1140.72,1154.23,1147.66Protozoan causing Chagas Disease. cardiac, GI tract, and peripheral nervous system disorders. Also see Parasites Trypanosoma Cruzi Brain Tissue, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma Equiperdum_1HC434600-451250Protozoan causing equine diseases. Also see Parasites Trypanosoma Equiperdum, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma Equiperdum_2HC442000Protozoan causing equine diseases. Also see Parasites Trypanosoma Equiperdum, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma GambienseBIO255,316Variety of Trypanosoma Brucei causing slow onset of Trypanosomiasis. See Parasites Trypanosoma Gambiense, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma GambienseCAFL255,316,403,700,724Variety of Trypanosoma Brucei causing slow onset of Trypanosomiasis. See Parasites Trypanosoma Gambiense, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma GambienseHC393750-398700Variety of Trypanosoma Brucei causing slow onset of Trypanosomiasis. See Parasites Trypanosoma Gambiense, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma LewisiHC424500-426000Protozoan found in rats and carried by their fleas which can cause disease in humans. See Parasites Trypanosoma Lewisi programs, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
Trypanosoma RhodesienseHC423500-428550Variety of Trypanosoma Brucei. See Parasites Trypanosoma Rhodesiense programs, Trypanosomiasis, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.
TrypanosomiasisETDF70,230,5620,7000,32500,47500,95090,175110,475110,527000Conditions caused by Trypanosoma protozoans, including Sleeping Sickness, and Chagas Disease. Also see Trypanosoma, Protozoan Infections, and Protozoa programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Trypanosomiasis :
Trypanosomiasis - African: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (tsetse fly-borne), American: Trypanosoma cruzi (Triatomine bugs: kissing bug or assassin bugs)
TuberculinumCAFL332,522,664,731,737,748,1085,1099,1700,761Homeopathic nosode for Tuberculosis. See Tubercusosis, and Tuberculosis General.
TuberculinumVEGA522Homeopathic nosode for Tuberculosis. See Tubercusosis, and Tuberculosis General.
Tuberculosis (breast)PROV43346000From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (breast)XTRA43346000From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (general)PROV43346000From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (general)XTRA43346000From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (intestines)PROV43346090From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (intestines)XTRA43346090From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Tuberculosis (Rod)XTRA369433RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html
Tuberculosis (Virus)XTRA769000RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html
Tuberculosis AviareCAFL303,332,342,438,440,532,3113,6515,697,698,720,731,741,748,770Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis BovineBIO523,3353Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis BovineCAFL229,523,625,635,838,877,3353,748,757Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis GeneralCAFL20,216,369,541,583,666,690,720,727,740,784,802,803,1500,1513,1550,1552,1600,1840Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis KlebsiellaBIO221,1132,1644,2313,6516Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see Klebsiella, TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis KlebsiellaCAFL217,220,221,686,1132,1644,2313,6516,729,748Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see Klebsiella, TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis RodXTRA3324897Hoyland MOR. Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis Rod E Coli InfectionsCAFL799,802,804,1550,1513Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis Rod FormCAFL369,541,583,802,803,1513,8030Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis Rod FormRIFE369000Crane=803, Rife (1936)=8300, 583000, 541142. Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis Secondary ComplicationsCAFL776,2127,2008,465Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis SpinalETDF80,400,730,900,5110,47500,97500,222700,527000,663710Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis VirusXTRA3076000Hoyland MOR. Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberculosis Virus FormCAFL2565,1552Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Lung
Tuberculosis Virus FormRIFE16000Crane=1552. Infectious disease usually due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, affecting lungs and other parts of body. Also see TB, and Tuberculinum.
Tuberous SclerosisETDF80,350,5500,35160,72500,93500,525710,650000,759830,924370Multisystem genetic disease causing benign tumors in brain, kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tuberous Sclerosis :
Tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is an inherited condition. Changes (mutations) in one of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, are responsible for most cases. Only one parent needs to pass on the mutation for the child to get the disease. However, two-thirds of cases are due to new mutations. There most often is no family history of tuberous sclerosis. This condition is one of a group of diseases called neurocutaneous syndromes. Both the skin and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are involved. There are no known risk factors, other than having a parent with tuberous sclerosis. In that case, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.
Skin symptoms include: Areas of the skin that are white (due to decreased pigment) and have either an ash leaf or confetti appearance Red patches on the face containing many blood vessels (facial angiofibromas) Raised patches of skin with an orange-peel texture (shagreen spots), often on the back Brain symptoms include: Autism spectrum disorders Developmental delays Intellectual disability Seizures Other symptoms include: Pitted tooth enamel. Rough growths under or around the fingernails and toenails. Rubbery noncancerous tumors on or around the tongue. Lung disease known as LAM (lymphangioleiomyomatosis). This is more common in women and can lead to shortness of breath, coughing blood, and lung collapse. The symptoms of tuberous sclerosis vary from person to person. Some people have normal intelligence and no seizures. Others have intellectual disabilities or difficult-to-control seizures.
Signs may include: Abnormal heart rhythm ( arrhythmia ) Calcium deposits in the brain Noncancerous 'tubers' in the brain Rubbery growths on the tongue or gums Tumor-like growth (hamartoma) on the retina, pale patches in the eye Tumors of the brain or kidneys Tests may include: CT scan of the head Chest CT Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) MRI of the head Ultrasound of the kidney Ultraviolet light examination of the skin DNA testing for the two genes that can cause this disease (TSC1 or TSC2) is available. Regular ultrasound checks of the kidneys are an important screening tool to make sure there is no tumor growth.
There is no known cure for tuberous sclerosis. Because the disease can differ from person to person, treatment is based on the symptoms. Depending on the severity of the mental disability, the child may need special education. Some seizures are controlled with medicine (vigabatrin). Other children may need surgery. Small growths on the face (facial angiofibromas) may be removed by laser treatment. These growths tend to come back, and repeat treatments will be needed. Rhabdomyomas commonly disappear after puberty. Surgery to remove them is usually not needed. Brain tumors can be treated with medicines called mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus, everolimus). Kidney tumors are treated with surgery, or by reducing the blood supply using special x-ray techniques. mTOR inhibitors are being studied as another treatment for kidney tumors.
For additional information and resources, contact the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance at www.tsalliance.org.
Children with mild tuberous sclerosis most often do well. However, children with severe mental disability or uncontrollable seizures often need lifelong assistance. Sometimes when a child is born with severe tuberous sclerosis, one of the parents is found to have had a mild case of tuberous sclerosis that was not diagnosed. The tumors in this disease tend to be noncancerous (benign). However, some tumors (such as kidney or brain tumors) can become cancerous.
Complications may include: Brain tumors ( astrocytoma ) Heart tumors (rhabdomyoma) Severe intellectual disability Uncontrollable seizures.
Call your health care provider if: Either side of your family has a history of tuberous sclerosis. You notice symptoms of tuberous sclerosis in your child. Call a genetic specialist if your child is diagnosed with cardiac rhabdomyoma. Tuberous sclerosis is the leading cause of this tumor.
Genetic counseling is recommended for couples who have a family history of tuberous sclerosis and who want to have children. Prenatal diagnosis is available for families with a known gene mutation or history of this condition. However, tuberous sclerosis often appears as a new DNA mutation. These cases are not preventable.
Bourneville disease .
Tuberous sclerosis, angiofibromas - face Tuberous sclerosis, angiofibromas - face Tuberous sclerosis, hypopigmented macule Tuberous sclerosis, hypopigmented macule.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Tuberous sclerosis fact sheet. NIH publication 07-1846. Updated January 21, 2016. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Tuberous-Sclerosis-Fact-Sheet. Accessed September 20, 2016. Northrup H, Koenig MK, Pearson DA, Au KS. Tuberous sclerosis complex.
TularemiaETDF60,320,2250,32500,67500,97500,96500,150000,682020,752630Serious tick and arthropod borne infection with lesions and fever, spreading to lungs, lymphatic system, liver, and spleen. Use Francisella Tularensis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia- lemming fever, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, O'Hara disease, Francis disease, Francisella tularensis (G- rods: facultative-straight: zoonoses)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia blood test. A blood sample is needed. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it is examined for francisella antibodies using a method called serology. This method checks if your body has produced substances called antibodies to a specific foreign substance ( antigen ), in this case F tularensis. Antibodies are proteins that defend your body against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. If antibodies are present, they are in the serum of your blood. Serum is the liquid portion of blood.
There is no special preparation.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or bruising. This soon goes away.
This blood test is done when tularemia is suspected.
A normal result is no antibodies specific for F tularensis are found in the serum. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
If antibodies are detected, there has been exposure to F tularensis. If antibodies are found, it means you either have a current or past infection with F tularensis. In some cases, a single high level of antibodies that are specific to F tularensis means you have an infection. During the early stage of an illness, few antibodies may be detected. Antibody production increases during the course of an infection. For this reason, this test may be repeated several weeks after the first test.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
Tularemia test; Serology for Francisella tularensis.
Blood test Blood test.
Aoyagi K, Ashihara Y, Kasahara Y. Immunoassays and immunochemistry.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia. Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Humans can get the disease through: A bite from an infected tick, horsefly, or mosquito Breathing in infected dirt or plant material Direct contact, through a break in the skin, with an infected animal or its dead body (most often a rabbit, muskrat, beaver, or squirrel) Eating infected meat (rare) The disorder most commonly occurs in North America and parts of Europe and Asia. In the United States, this disease is found more often in Missouri, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Although outbreaks can occur in the United States, they are rare. Some people may develop pneumonia after breathing in infected dirt or plant material. This infection has been known to occur on Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), where bacteria are present in rabbits, raccoons, and skunks.
Symptoms develop 3 to 5 days after exposure. The illness usually starts suddenly. It may continue for several weeks after symptoms begin. Symptoms include: Fever , chills, sweating Eye irritation ( conjunctivitis , if the infection began in the eye) Headache Joint stiffness, muscle pain Red spot on the skin, growing to become a sore (ulcer) Shortness of breath Weight loss.
Tests for the condition include: Blood culture for the bacteria Blood test measuring the body's immune response (antibodies) to the infection ( serology for tularemia ) Chest x-ray Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test of a sample from an ulcer.
The goal of treatment is to cure the infection with antibiotics. The antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline are commonly used to treat this infection. Another antibiotic, gentamicin, has been tried as an alternative to streptomycin. Gentamicin seems to be very effective, but it has been studied in only a small number of people because this is a rare disease. The antibiotics tetracycline and chloramphenicol can be used alone, but are not usually a first choice.
Tularemia is fatal in about 5% of untreated cases, and in less than 1% of treated cases.
Tularemia may lead to these complications: Bone infection ( osteomyelitis ) Infection of the sac around the heart ( pericarditis ) Infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ) Pneumonia.
Call your health care provider if symptoms develop after a rodent bite, tick bite, or exposure to the flesh of a wild animal.
Preventive measures include wearing gloves when skinning or dressing wild animals, and staying away from sick or dead animals.
Deerfly fever; Rabbit fever; Pahvant Valley plague; Ohara disease; Yato-byo (Japan); Lemming fever.
Deer ticks Deer ticks Ticks Ticks Tick imbedded in the skin Tick imbedded in the skin Antibodies Antibodies Bacteria Bacteria.
Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia. Source of disease: Francisella tularensis
TularemiaVEGA324,427,823Serious tick and arthropod borne infection with lesions and fever, spreading to lungs, lymphatic system, liver, and spleen. Use Francisella Tularensis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia- lemming fever, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, O'Hara disease, Francis disease, Francisella tularensis (G- rods: facultative-straight: zoonoses)

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia blood test. A blood sample is needed. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it is examined for francisella antibodies using a method called serology. This method checks if your body has produced substances called antibodies to a specific foreign substance ( antigen ), in this case F tularensis. Antibodies are proteins that defend your body against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. If antibodies are present, they are in the serum of your blood. Serum is the liquid portion of blood.
There is no special preparation.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or bruising. This soon goes away.
This blood test is done when tularemia is suspected.
A normal result is no antibodies specific for F tularensis are found in the serum. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
If antibodies are detected, there has been exposure to F tularensis. If antibodies are found, it means you either have a current or past infection with F tularensis. In some cases, a single high level of antibodies that are specific to F tularensis means you have an infection. During the early stage of an illness, few antibodies may be detected. Antibody production increases during the course of an infection. For this reason, this test may be repeated several weeks after the first test.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
Tularemia test; Serology for Francisella tularensis.
Blood test Blood test.
Aoyagi K, Ashihara Y, Kasahara Y. Immunoassays and immunochemistry.

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia. Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Humans can get the disease through: A bite from an infected tick, horsefly, or mosquito Breathing in infected dirt or plant material Direct contact, through a break in the skin, with an infected animal or its dead body (most often a rabbit, muskrat, beaver, or squirrel) Eating infected meat (rare) The disorder most commonly occurs in North America and parts of Europe and Asia. In the United States, this disease is found more often in Missouri, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Although outbreaks can occur in the United States, they are rare. Some people may develop pneumonia after breathing in infected dirt or plant material. This infection has been known to occur on Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), where bacteria are present in rabbits, raccoons, and skunks.
Symptoms develop 3 to 5 days after exposure. The illness usually starts suddenly. It may continue for several weeks after symptoms begin. Symptoms include: Fever , chills, sweating Eye irritation ( conjunctivitis , if the infection began in the eye) Headache Joint stiffness, muscle pain Red spot on the skin, growing to become a sore (ulcer) Shortness of breath Weight loss.
Tests for the condition include: Blood culture for the bacteria Blood test measuring the body's immune response (antibodies) to the infection ( serology for tularemia ) Chest x-ray Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test of a sample from an ulcer.
The goal of treatment is to cure the infection with antibiotics. The antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline are commonly used to treat this infection. Another antibiotic, gentamicin, has been tried as an alternative to streptomycin. Gentamicin seems to be very effective, but it has been studied in only a small number of people because this is a rare disease. The antibiotics tetracycline and chloramphenicol can be used alone, but are not usually a first choice.
Tularemia is fatal in about 5% of untreated cases, and in less than 1% of treated cases.
Tularemia may lead to these complications: Bone infection ( osteomyelitis ) Infection of the sac around the heart ( pericarditis ) Infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ) Pneumonia.
Call your health care provider if symptoms develop after a rodent bite, tick bite, or exposure to the flesh of a wild animal.
Preventive measures include wearing gloves when skinning or dressing wild animals, and staying away from sick or dead animals.
Deerfly fever; Rabbit fever; Pahvant Valley plague; Ohara disease; Yato-byo (Japan); Lemming fever.
Deer ticks Deer ticks Ticks Ticks Tick imbedded in the skin Tick imbedded in the skin Antibodies Antibodies Bacteria Bacteria.
Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia).

Encyclopedia Entry for Tularemia :
Tularemia. Source of disease: Francisella tularensis
Tumor Any KindXTRA2127See Cancer programs.
Tumor BenignXTRA1,10,10.19,10.4,10.59,10.8,11Also see Cancer programs.
Tumor Benign 2XTRA262,787Most benign tumors are caused by actinomyces - see appropriate programs for this, and also Cancer programs.
Tumor BrainCAFL7.69,8.25,9.19,20,543,641,664,666,690,720,728,800,832,855,857,880,2008,2127,2128,2170,2180,2182See Cancer Astrocytoma, Gliomas, Glioblastoma, and Astrocytoma programs.
Brain
Tumor Brain 2XTRA7.69,7.7,8.25,9.18,9.19,20,463,466,543,590,641,660,664,690,720,727.5,800,832,853,855,857,880,2008,2127.5,2170,2180,2182See Cancer Astrocytoma, Gliomas, Glioblastoma, and Astrocytoma programs.
Tumor Brain 3XTRA7.69,8.25,9.18,463,466,470,543,641,666,690,857,880,2127,2170See Cancer Astrocytoma, Gliomas, Glioblastoma, and Astrocytoma programs.
Tumor Brain 5XTRA543,641,857See Cancer Astrocytoma, Gliomas, Glioblastoma, and Astrocytoma programs.
Tumor Breast Non MalignantETDF50,370,400,57220,71100,120220,471680,487520,507120,622310Benign (non-cancerous) breast conditions are very common, and most women have them. ... Unlike breast cancers, benign breast conditions are not life-threatening. But some are linked with a higher risk of getting breast cancer later on. Some breast changes may not cause symptoms and may be found during a mammogram.
Tumor General Non MalignantETDF100,310,440,58000,77900,126000,471680,487520,507120,622310This is a general term that can refer to benign (generally harmless) or malignant (cancerous) growths. Benign tumors are non-malignant/non-cancerous tumor. A benign tumor is usually localized, and does not spread to other parts of the body. Most benign tumors respond well to treatment.
Tumor Staphylococcus AureusXTRA424,478,555,644,647,727,728,738,745,784,787,824,943,999,1050,7270,8697Also see Staphylococcus aureus programs.
Tumor Virus InfectionsETDF70,350,25400,50000,60000,150000,475110,527000,667000,987230Oncoviruses that can cause cancer. See appropriate Cancer programs.
Tungsten wXTRA88.57,95.48,16253.9Metal element.
Turner SyndromeETDF70,570,730,2500,50000,150000,475000,527000,663710,776500Disorder where a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome, leading to many physical, developmental, and reproductive problems.

Encyclopedia Entry for Turner Syndrome :
Turner syndrome. The typical number of human chromosomes is 46. Chromosomes contain all of your genes and DNA, the building blocks of the body. Two of these chromosomes, the sex chromosomes, determine if you become a boy or a girl. Females typically have 2 of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Males have an X and a Y chromosome (written as XY). In Turner syndrome, cells are missing all or part of an X chromosome. The condition only occurs in females. Most commonly, a female with Turner syndrome has only 1 X chromosome. Others may have 2 X chromosomes, but one of them is incomplete. Sometimes, a female has some cells with 2 X chromosomes, but other cells have only 1.
Possible findings of the head and neck include: Ears are low-set. Neck appears wide or web-like. Roof of the mouth is narrow (high palate). Hairline at the back of the head is lower. Lower jaw is lower and appears to fade away (recede). Drooping eyelids and dry eyes. Other findings may include: Fingers and toes are short. Hands and feet are swollen in infants. Nails are narrow and turn upward. Chest is broad and flat. Nipples appear more widely spaced. Height at birth is often smaller than average. A child with Turner syndrome is much shorter than children who are the same age and sex. This is called short stature. This problem may not be noticed in girls before age 11. Puberty may be absent or not complete. If puberty occurs, it most often begins at the normal age. After the age of puberty, unless treated with female hormones, these findings may be present: Pubic hair is often present and normal. Breast development may not occur. Menstrual periods are absent or very light. Vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse are common. Infertility. Sometimes, the diagnosis of Turner syndrome may not be made until an adult. It may be discovered because a woman has very light or no menstrual periods and problems becoming pregnant.
Turner syndrome can be diagnosed at any stage of life. It may be diagnosed before birth if: A chromosome analysis is done during prenatal testing. A cystic hygroma is a growth that often occurs in the head and neck area. This finding may be seen on ultrasound during the pregnancy and leads to further testing. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and look for signs of atypical development. Infants with Turner syndrome often have swollen hands and feet. The following tests may be performed: Blood hormone levels ( luteinizing hormone , estrogen, and follicle-stimulating hormone ) Echocardiogram Karyotyping MRI of the chest Ultrasound of reproductive organs and kidneys Pelvic exam Other tests that may be done periodically include: Blood pressure screening Thyroid checks Blood tests for lipids and glucose Hearing screening Eye exam Bone density testing.
Growth hormone may help a child with Turner syndrome grow taller. Estrogen and other hormones are often started when the girl is 12 or 13 years old. These help trigger the growth of breasts, pubic hair, other sexual characteristics, and growth in height. Estrogen therapy is continued through life until the age of menopause. Women with Turner syndrome who wish to become pregnant may consider using a donor egg. Women with Turner syndrome may need care or monitoring for the following health problems: Keloid formation Hearing loss High blood pressure Diabetes Thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) Widening of the aorta and narrowing of the aortic valve Cataracts Obesity Other issues may include: Weight management Exercise Transition to adulthood Stress and depression over changes.
Those with Turner syndrome can have a normal life when carefully monitored by their provider.
Other health problems may include: Thyroiditis Kidney problems Middle ear infections Scoliosis.
There is no known way to prevent Turner syndrome.
Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome; Gonadal dysgenesis; Monosomy X; XO.
Bacino CA, Lee B. Sex chromosome aneuploidy.
Tympanic Membrane PerforationETDF60,180,780,7500,8000,55750,96500,657110,749000,987230Punctured eardrum. Causes include Otitis Media, trauma, ear surgery, extremely loud noises, or flying.
TyphoidXTRA2890360Hoyland MOR. Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid :
Typhoid fever - Salmonella typhi (G- rod: facultative-straight: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid :
Typhoid fever. S typhi is spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated with the bacteria, the bacteria enter your body. They travel into your intestines, and then into your blood. In the blood, they travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body. Some people become carriers of S typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease. Typhoid fever is common in developing countries. Most cases in the United States are brought in from other countries where typhoid fever is common.
Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103 F, or 39.5 C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. Some people develop a rash called 'rose spots,' which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools Chills Agitation, confusion , delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there ( hallucinations ) Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit) Nosebleeds Severe fatigue Slow, sluggish, weak feeling.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. A complete blood count (CBC) will show a high number of white blood cells. A blood culture during the first week of the fever can show S typhi bacteria. Other tests that can help diagnose this condition include: ELISA blood test to look for antibodies to the S typhi bacteria Fluorescent antibody study to look for substances that are specific to S typhi bacteria Platelet count (platelet count may be low) Stool culture.
Fluids and electrolytes may be given by IV (into a vein) or you may be asked to drink water with electrolyte packets. Antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.
Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.
Health problems that may develop include: Intestinal hemorrhage (severe GI bleeding ) Intestinal perforation Kidney failure Peritonitis.
Contact your provider if you have any of the following: You know you have been exposed to someone who has typhoid fever You have been in an area where there are people who have typhoid fever and you develop symptoms of typhoid fever You have had typhoid fever and the symptoms return You develop severe abdominal pain, decreased urine output , or other new symptoms.
A vaccine is recommended for travel outside of the United States to places where there is typhoid fever. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website has information about where typhoid fever is common -- www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html. Ask your provider if you should bring electrolyte packets in case you get sick. When traveling, drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well-cooked food. Wash you hands thoroughly before eating. Water treatment, waste disposal, and protecting the food supply from contamination are important public health measures. Carriers of typhoid must not be allowed to work as food handlers.
Enteric fever.
Salmonella typhi organism Salmonella typhi organism Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Harris JB, Ryan ET. Enteric fever and other causes of fever and abdominal symptoms.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid :
Typhoid: Typhoid fever causes an estimated 600,000 deaths annually, out of 12-17 million cases. It is usually spread through infected food or water. Symptoms include a sudden and sustained fever, severe headache, nausea, severe appetite loss, constipation, and sometimes diarrhea.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid :
Typhoid fever. Source of disease: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi
Typhoid Bacteria MORXTRA712Use Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Typhi programs.
Typhoid FeverCAFL3205,824,1550,802,690,1800,1862,712,714,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868Typhus infection-related symptoms causing high fever, headache, and rash. Use Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever - Salmonella typhi (G- rod: facultative-straight: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever. S typhi is spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated with the bacteria, the bacteria enter your body. They travel into your intestines, and then into your blood. In the blood, they travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body. Some people become carriers of S typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease. Typhoid fever is common in developing countries. Most cases in the United States are brought in from other countries where typhoid fever is common.
Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103 F, or 39.5 C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. Some people develop a rash called 'rose spots,' which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools Chills Agitation, confusion , delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there ( hallucinations ) Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit) Nosebleeds Severe fatigue Slow, sluggish, weak feeling.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. A complete blood count (CBC) will show a high number of white blood cells. A blood culture during the first week of the fever can show S typhi bacteria. Other tests that can help diagnose this condition include: ELISA blood test to look for antibodies to the S typhi bacteria Fluorescent antibody study to look for substances that are specific to S typhi bacteria Platelet count (platelet count may be low) Stool culture.
Fluids and electrolytes may be given by IV (into a vein) or you may be asked to drink water with electrolyte packets. Antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.
Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.
Health problems that may develop include: Intestinal hemorrhage (severe GI bleeding ) Intestinal perforation Kidney failure Peritonitis.
Contact your provider if you have any of the following: You know you have been exposed to someone who has typhoid fever You have been in an area where there are people who have typhoid fever and you develop symptoms of typhoid fever You have had typhoid fever and the symptoms return You develop severe abdominal pain, decreased urine output , or other new symptoms.
A vaccine is recommended for travel outside of the United States to places where there is typhoid fever. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website has information about where typhoid fever is common -- www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html. Ask your provider if you should bring electrolyte packets in case you get sick. When traveling, drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well-cooked food. Wash you hands thoroughly before eating. Water treatment, waste disposal, and protecting the food supply from contamination are important public health measures. Carriers of typhoid must not be allowed to work as food handlers.
Enteric fever.
Salmonella typhi organism Salmonella typhi organism Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Harris JB, Ryan ET. Enteric fever and other causes of fever and abdominal symptoms.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever. Source of disease: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi
Typhoid FeverETDF130,400,870,43200,92500,310250,479500,527000,789000,985670Typhus infection-related symptoms causing high fever, headache, and rash. Use Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever - Salmonella typhi (G- rod: facultative-straight: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever. S typhi is spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated with the bacteria, the bacteria enter your body. They travel into your intestines, and then into your blood. In the blood, they travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body. Some people become carriers of S typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease. Typhoid fever is common in developing countries. Most cases in the United States are brought in from other countries where typhoid fever is common.
Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103 F, or 39.5 C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. Some people develop a rash called 'rose spots,' which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools Chills Agitation, confusion , delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there ( hallucinations ) Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit) Nosebleeds Severe fatigue Slow, sluggish, weak feeling.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. A complete blood count (CBC) will show a high number of white blood cells. A blood culture during the first week of the fever can show S typhi bacteria. Other tests that can help diagnose this condition include: ELISA blood test to look for antibodies to the S typhi bacteria Fluorescent antibody study to look for substances that are specific to S typhi bacteria Platelet count (platelet count may be low) Stool culture.
Fluids and electrolytes may be given by IV (into a vein) or you may be asked to drink water with electrolyte packets. Antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.
Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.
Health problems that may develop include: Intestinal hemorrhage (severe GI bleeding ) Intestinal perforation Kidney failure Peritonitis.
Contact your provider if you have any of the following: You know you have been exposed to someone who has typhoid fever You have been in an area where there are people who have typhoid fever and you develop symptoms of typhoid fever You have had typhoid fever and the symptoms return You develop severe abdominal pain, decreased urine output , or other new symptoms.
A vaccine is recommended for travel outside of the United States to places where there is typhoid fever. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website has information about where typhoid fever is common -- www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html. Ask your provider if you should bring electrolyte packets in case you get sick. When traveling, drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well-cooked food. Wash you hands thoroughly before eating. Water treatment, waste disposal, and protecting the food supply from contamination are important public health measures. Carriers of typhoid must not be allowed to work as food handlers.
Enteric fever.
Salmonella typhi organism Salmonella typhi organism Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Harris JB, Ryan ET. Enteric fever and other causes of fever and abdominal symptoms.

Encyclopedia Entry for Typhoid Fever :
Typhoid fever. Source of disease: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi
Typhoid Fever (Rod)XTRA759450RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html
Typhoid Fever (Virus)XTRA1445180RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html
Typhoid Fever 1XTRA21.5,1862,11289.05,13617.03,18620,18906.25Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever 3XTRA690,712,714,760,802,824,869,900,1445,1550,1800,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,3205,6900,9680,13944,18620Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever Filter PassingRIFE1445000Crane=1862, Rife (1936)=18620. Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever Filter PassingXTRA11289.05Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever GeneralXTRA20,690,770,1570Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever Rod 1XTRA345,712,6900,11875,13577.55,14062.5Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Fever Rod FormRIFE760000Crane=712, Rife (1936)=6900, 900000, 868984. Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid GeneralXTRA690,802,1550,1800Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid RodXTRA3037800Hoyland MOR. Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid RodXTRA6900,11875,12100.78Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid VirusXTRA1865Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program. Other use: itching.
Typhoid Virus 1XTRA1862,1865,11289.05,11299.21,18620Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhoid Virus 2XTRA1862,11289.05,11875Use Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, and Rickettsia programs. See Q Fever program.
Typhus Epidemic Louse-BorneETDF370,750,23900,45000,96500,202590,522530,655200,750000,923700Use Rickettsia, and Lice Infestations programs.
TyrosinemiasETDF50,350,680,2500,5500,35160,93500,682450,752630,910250Disorder with metabolic error where the body cannot process the amino acid tyrosine.

ALT consists of programs based on Ayurvedic knowledge and practice, solfeggios, and planetary frequencies.

BFB a collection of biofeedback scan results.

BIO is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.

CAFL is the Consolidated Annotated Frequency List, amassed over years from the experience of Rife experimenters.

CUST consists of programs added by Spooky team members, plus those in your own personal database.

ETDFL is a collection of programs researched in bio resonance clinics in Germany.

HC is Dr. Hulda Clark’s database. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.

KHZ is a collection of higher frequencies from Dr. Hulda Clark. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.

PROV has produced consistent results in virtually all subjects it was used with.

RIFE is a collection of Dr. Royal Raymond Rife’s original frequencies.

VEGA is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.

XTRA is a collection of programs from various sources, all chosen for their reputation for effectiveness.