| Name | Type | Frequencies | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Machado-Joseph Disease | ETDF | 140,250,870,7500,8000,13930,85680,225230,475680,527000 | Rare inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cerebellar ataxia, leading to lack of muscle control. |
| Macracanthorhynchus | HC | 438850-442800 | Acanthocephalan parasite living in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and occasionally in humans or dogs, causing enteritis, gastritis, or peritonitis. |
| Macracanthorhynchus | XTRA | 1087.79,1090.65,1097.58,13714.05,13750,13837.5 | Acanthocephalan parasite living in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and occasionally in humans or dogs, causing enteritis, gastritis, or peritonitis. |
| Macracanthorhynchus 2 | XTRA | 1828,1830,1832,1834,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860 | Acanthocephalan parasite living in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and occasionally in humans or dogs, causing enteritis, gastritis, or peritonitis. |
| Macroglossia | ETDF | 70,230,830,2750,30000,30000,50000,134250,325650,425680 | Enlargement of tongue, usually in children. Encyclopedia Entry for Macroglossia : Macroglossia. Macroglossia is most often caused by an increase in the amount of tissue on the tongue, rather than by a growth, such as a tumor. This condition can be seen in certain inherited or congenital (existing at birth) disorders, including: Acromegaly (buildup of too much growth hormone in the body) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (growth disorder that causes large body size, large organs, and other symptoms) Congenital hypothyroidism (decreased production of thyroid hormone) Diabetes (high blood sugar caused by body producing too little or no insulin) Down syndrome (extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes problems with physical and intellectual functioning) Lymphangioma or hemangioma (malformations in the lymph system or buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs) Mucopolysaccharidoses (a group of diseases that cause large amounts of sugar to build up in the body's cells and tissues) Primary amyloidosis (a buildup of abnormal proteins in the body's tissues and organs). Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Macroglossia Macroglossia Macroglossia Macroglossia. Forghani R, Smoker WRK, Curtin HD. Pathology of the oral region. |
| Macular Degeneration | ETDF | 150,180,800,5500,33200,172300,471200,557820,603440,921880 | Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Macular Degeneration : Macular degeneration - age-related. The retina is at the back of the eye. It changes light and images that enter the eye into nerve signals that are sent to the brain. A part of the retina called the macula makes vision sharper and more detailed. It is a yellow spot in the center of the retina. It has a high amount of two natural colors (pigments) called lutein and zeaxanthin. AMD is caused by damage to the blood vessels that supply the macula. This change also harms the macula. There are two types of AMD: Dry AMD occurs when the blood vessels under the macula become thin and brittle. Small yellow deposits, called drusen, form. Almost all people with macular degeneration start with the dry form. Wet AMD occurs in about 10% of people with macular degeneration. New abnormal and very fragile blood vessels grow under the macula. These vessels leak blood and fluid. This type of AMD causes most of the vision loss associated with the condition. Doctors are not sure what causes AMD. The condition is rare before age 55. It occurs most in people 75 years or older. Risk factors for AMD are: Family history of AMD Being White Cigarette smoking High-fat diet Being a woman. You may not have any symptoms at first. As the disease gets worse, you may have problems with your central vision. SYMPTOMS OF DRY AMD The most common symptom of dry AMD is blurred vision. Objects in the center part of your vision often look distorted and dim, and colors look faded. You may have trouble reading print or seeing other details. But you can see well enough to walk and do most daily activities. As dry AMD gets worse, you may need more light to read or do everyday tasks. A blurred spot in the center of vision gradually gets larger and darker. In the later stages of dry AMD, you may not be able to recognize faces until they are close. SYMPTOMS OF WET AMD The most common early symptom of wet AMD is that straight lines look distorted and wavy. There may be a small dark spot in the center of your vision that gets larger over time. With both types of AMD, central vision loss can occur quickly. If this happens, you will need to be seen right away by an ophthalmologist. Make sure this eye doctor has experience in treating problems with the retina. You will have an eye exam. Drops will be placed into your eyes to widen (dilate) your pupils. The eye doctor will use special lenses to view your retina, blood vessels, and optic nerve. The eye doctor will look for specific changes in the macula and blood vessels and for drusen. You may be asked to cover one eye and look at a pattern of lines called an Amsler grid. If the straight lines look wavy, it may be a sign of AMD. Other tests that may be done include: Using special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina ( fluorescein angiogram ) Taking a photo of the inner lining of the eye (fundus photography) Using light waves to view the retina (optical coherence tomography) A test that measures the pigment in the macula. If you have advanced or severe dry AMD, no treatment can restore your vision. If you have early AMD and do not smoke, a combination of certain vitamins, antioxidants, and zinc may prevent the disease from getting worse. But it cannot give you back vision that is already lost. The combination is often called the 'AREDS' formula. The supplements contain: 500 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C 400 international units of beta-carotene 80 mg of zinc 2 mg of copper Only take this vitamin combination if your doctor recommends it. Make sure your doctor knows about any other vitamins or supplements you are taking. Smokers should not use this supplement. AREDS may also benefit you if you have a family history and risk factors for AMD. Lutein and zeaxanthin, which are substances found in green leafy vegetables, may also decrease your risk of age-related macular degeneration. If you have wet AMD, your doctor may recommend: Laser surgery (laser photocoagulation) -- a small beam of light destroys the leaking, abnormal blood vessels. Photodynamic therapy -- a light activates a drug that is injected into your body to destroy leaking blood vessels. Special medicines that prevent new blood vessels from forming in the eye are injected into the eye (this is a painless process). Low-vision aids (such as special lenses) and therapy can help you use the vision that you have more effectively, and improve your quality of life. Close follow-up with your eye doctor is important. For dry AMD, visit your eye doctor once a year for a complete eye exam. For wet AMD, you likely need frequent, perhaps monthly, follow-up visits. Early detection of vision changes is important because the sooner you are treated, the better your outcome. Early detection leads to earlier treatment and often, a better outcome. The best way to detect changes is by self-testing at home with the Amsler grid. Your eye doctor can give you a copy of the grid or you can print one from the Internet. Test each eye individually while wearing your reading glasses. If the lines look wavy, call your eye doctor right away for an appointment. These resources may provide more information on macular degeneration: AMD Alliance International -- www.amdalliance.org Macular Degeneration Association -- macularhope.org Macular Degeneration Partnership -- www.amd.org. AMD does not affect side (peripheral) vision. This means complete vision loss never occurs. AMD results in the loss of central vision only. Mild, dry AMD usually does not cause disabling central vision loss. Wet AMD often leads to significant vision loss. In general, with AMD you may lose the ability to read, drive a car, and recognize faces at a distance. But most people with AMD can carry out daily tasks without much difficulty. If you have AMD, your health care provider may recommend that you check your vision every day with an Amsler grid. Call your provider immediately if the lines look wavy. Also call if you notice other changes in your vision. Although there is no known way to prevent macular degeneration, leading a healthy lifestyle can reduce your risk of developing AMD: Do not smoke Maintain a healthy diet that is high in fruits and vegetables and low in animal fat Exercise regularly Maintain a healthy weight See your eye care professional regularly for dilated eye exams. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD); AMD; Vision loss - AMD. Macular degeneration Macular degeneration Retina Retina. American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina/Vitreous Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Age-related macular degeneration. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp-2015. Updated January 2015. Accessed October 9, 2017. Maguire JI. Age-related macular degeneration. Encyclopedia Entry for Macular Degeneration : Macular Degeneration 1. Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract sets. Can be caused by Cytomegalovirus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Macular Degeneration 1 | XTRA | 0.59,1.1,1.39,1.89,9.9,10,21,23.6,24,25.6,27.69,32,34.1,410 | Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Macular Degeneration 1 : Macular Degeneration 1. Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract sets. Can be caused by Cytomegalovirus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Macular Degeneration and Visual Acuity | CAFL | 1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860 | Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract programs. |
| Macular Degeneration Visual Acuity | XTRA | 8,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860 | Age-related diminution or blurring of center of visual field. Use with Cataract programs. |
| Madura Foot | ETDF | 180,370,710,920,36510,182510,392110,507380,672130,721220 | Also known as Maduromycosis, caused by Madurella fungus. Implicated in Morgellons Disease. Also use Staphylococcus Aureus, S. Coagulae Positive, S. Haemolyticus, and S. General. Encyclopedia Entry for Madura Foot : Madura foot- Eumycotic mycetoma-Pseudallescheria boydii, Madurella grisea,Madurella mycetomatis (fungi) |
| Magnesium | XTRA | 11325 | Element essential for life. Encyclopedia Entry for Magnesium : Magnesium blood test. A blood sample is needed. No special preparation is needed. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel slight pain. Others feel a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away. This test is done when your health care provider suspects you have an abnormal level of magnesium in your blood. About half of the body's magnesium is found in bone. The other half is found inside cells of body tissues and organs. Magnesium is needed for many chemical processes in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, and keeps the bones strong. Magnesium is also needed for the heart to function normally and to help regulate blood pressure. Magnesium also helps the body control blood sugar level and helps support the body's defense (immune) system. The normal range for blood magnesium level is 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL (0.85 to 1.10 mmol/L). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. A high magnesium level may indicate: The adrenal glands are not producing enough hormones ( Addison disease ) Loss of kidney function ( chronic renal failure ) Loss of body fluids ( dehydration ) Diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening problem in people with diabetes Producing less urine than usual ( oliguria ) A low magnesium level may indicate: Alcoholism or severe alcohol withdrawal ( delirium tremens ) Long-term (chronic) diarrhea Treatment to remove waste from the blood ( hemodialysis ) Scarring of the liver and loss of liver function ( cirrhosis ) Adrenal gland produces too much of the hormone aldosterone ( hyperaldosteronism ) Parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone ( hypoparathyroidism ) Inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis ) Too much insulin High blood pressure and protein in the urine in a pregnant woman ( preeclampsia ) Inflammation of the lining of the large intestine and rectum ( ulcerative colitis ). There is very little risk in having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). Magnesium - blood. Blood test Blood test. Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Magnesium serum. Encyclopedia Entry for Magnesium : Magnesium in diet. Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It helps to maintain normal nerve and muscle function, supports a healthy immune system, keeps the heart beat steady, and helps bones remain strong. It also helps regulate blood glucose levels and aid in the production of energy and protein. There is ongoing research into the role of magnesium in preventing and managing disorders such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. However, taking magnesium supplements is not currently recommended. Diets high in protein, calcium, or vitamin D will increase the need for magnesium. Most dietary magnesium comes from vegetables, such as dark green, leafy vegetables. Other foods that are good sources of magnesium: Fruits or vegetables (such as bananas, dried apricots, and avocados) Nuts (such as almonds and cashews) Peas and beans (legumes), seeds Soy products (such as soy flour and tofu) Whole grains (such as brown rice and millet) Milk. Side effects from increased magnesium intake are not common. The body generally removes excess amounts. Magnesium excess almost always occurs only when a person is taking in too much of the mineral in supplement form. Although you may not get enough magnesium from your diet, it is rare to be truly deficient in magnesium. The symptoms of such a deficiency include: Hyperexcitability Muscle weakness Sleepiness Deficiency of magnesium can occur in people who abuse alcohol or in those who absorb less magnesium including: People with gastrointestinal disease or surgery causing malabsorption Older adults People with type 2 diabetes Symptoms due to a lack of magnesium have three categories. Early symptoms: Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Weakness Moderate deficiency symptoms: Numbness Tingling Muscle contractions and cramps Seizures Personality changes Abnormal heart rhythms Severe deficiency: Low blood calcium level (hypocalcemia) Low blood potassium level (hypokalemia). These are the recommended daily requirements of magnesium: Infants Birth to 6 months: 30 mg/day* 6 months to 1 year: 75 mg/day* *AI or Adequate Intake Children 1 to 3 years old: 80 milligrams 4 to 8 years old: 130 milligrams 9 to 13 years old: 240 milligrams 14 to 18 years old (boys): 410 milligrams 14 to 18 years old (girls): 360 milligrams Adults Adult males: 400 to 420 miligrams Adult females: 310 to 320 milligrams Pregnancy: 350 to 400 milligrams Breastfeeding women: 310 to 360 milligrams Adult males: 400 to 420 milligrams. Diet - magnesium. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press. Washington, DC, 1997. PMID: 23115811 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23115811. Mason JB. Vitamins, trace minerals, and other micronutrients. |
| Magnesium mg | XTRA | 130.27,140.43,11952.14 | Mineral essential for life. |
| Mal de Debarquement | ETDF | 150,230,680,830,72520,137570,292610,537300,822590,921050 | Also called Disembarkation Syndrome. Neurological condition with prolonged motion sickness and distress after travel. |
| Malabsorption Syndrome | CAFL | 727,787,880,800,1552,3000 | Abnormal absorption of nutrients in GI tract. May lead to malnutrition. Also use Parasites General. Food |
| Malabsorption Syndrome 1 | XTRA | 660,690,727.5,787,800,802,880,1550,1552,3000 | Abnormal absorption of nutrients in GI tract. May lead to malnutrition. Also use Parasites General. |
| Malaria | BIO | 222,550,713,930,1032,1433 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria - Plasmodium sp. (protozoan parasite) Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed to humans by the bite of infected anopheles mosquitoes. After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form of parasites, called merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. The symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours. Most symptoms are caused by: The release of merozoites into the bloodstream Anemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells Large amounts of free hemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions. Malaria can be carried by mosquitoes in temperate climates, but the parasite disappears over the winter. The disease is a major health problem in much of the tropics and subtropics. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are 300 to 500 million cases of malaria each year, and more than 1 million people die of it. Malaria is a major disease hazard for travelers to warm climates. In some areas of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria have developed resistance to insecticides. In addition, the parasites have developed resistance to some antibiotics. These conditions have led to difficulty in controlling both the rate of infection and spread of this disease. Symptoms include: Anemia (condition in which the body doesn t have enough healthy red blood cells) Bloody stools Chills, fever, sweating Coma Convulsions Headache Jaundice Muscle pain Nausea and vomiting. During a physical examination, the health care provider may find an enlarged liver or enlarged spleen. Tests that are done include: Rapid diagnostic tests, which are becoming more common because they are easier to use and require less training by laboratory technicians Malaria blood smears taken at 6 to 12 hour intervals to confirm the diagnosis A complete blood count (CBC) will identify anemia if it is present. Malaria, especially falciparum malaria, is a medical emergency that requires a hospital stay. Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial drug. But chloroquine-resistant infections are common in some parts of the world. Possible treatments for chloroquine-resistant infections include: Artemisinin derivative combinations, including artemether and lumefantrine Atovaquone-proguanil Quinine-based regimen, in combination with doxycycline or clindamycin Mefloquine, in combination with artesunate or doxycycline The choice of drug depends, in part, on where you got the infection. Medical care, including fluids through a vein (IV) and other drugs and breathing (respiratory) support may be needed. Outcome is expected to be good in most cases of malaria with treatment, but poor in falciparum infection with complications. Health problems that may result from malaria include: Brain infection (cerebritis) Destruction of blood cells ( hemolytic anemia ) Kidney failure Liver failure Meningitis Respiratory failure from fluid in the lungs ( pulmonary edema ) Rupture of the spleen leading to massive internal bleeding (hemorrhage). Call your health care provider if you develop fever and headache after visiting the tropics. Most people who live in areas where malaria is common have developed some immunity to the disease. Visitors will not have immunity and should take preventive medications. It is important to see your health care provider well before your trip. This is because treatment may need to begin as long as 2 weeks before travel to the area, and continue for a month after you leave the area. Most travelers from the United States who contract malaria fail to take the right precautions. The types of anti-malarial drugs prescribed depend on the area you visit. Travelers to South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, and the South Pacific should take one of the following drugs: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or atovaquone-proguanil. Even pregnant women should consider taking preventive drugs because the risk to the fetus from the drug is less than the risk of catching this infection. Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for protecting against malaria. But because of resistance, it is now only suggested for use in areas where Plasmodium vivax , P. oval , and P. malariae are present. Falciparum malaria is becoming increasingly resistant to anti-malarial medications Recommended drugs include mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), and doxycycline. Prevent mosquito bites by: Wearing protective clothing over your arms and legs Using mosquito netting while sleeping Using insect repellent For information on malaria and preventive medications, visit the CDC website: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html. Quartan malaria; Falciparum malaria; Biduoterian fever; Blackwater fever; Tertian malaria; Plasmodium. Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, pupa Mosquito, pupa Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria Malaria. Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malaria (plasmodium species). Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects more than 500 million people annually, causing between 1 and 3 million deaths. It is most common in tropical and subtropical climates and is found in 90 countries-but 90% of all cases are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of its victims are children. The first stage consists of shaking and chills, the next stage involves high fever and severe headache, and in the final stage the infected person's temperature drops and he or she sweats profusely. Infected people also often suffer from anemia, weakness, and a swelling of the spleen. Malaria was almost eradicated 30 years ago; now it is on the rise again. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Source of disease: Plasmodium species |
| Malaria | CAFL | 4,20,28,222,550,713,880,930,1032,1433,1444,1445,455,743 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria - Plasmodium sp. (protozoan parasite) Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed to humans by the bite of infected anopheles mosquitoes. After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form of parasites, called merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. The symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours. Most symptoms are caused by: The release of merozoites into the bloodstream Anemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells Large amounts of free hemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions. Malaria can be carried by mosquitoes in temperate climates, but the parasite disappears over the winter. The disease is a major health problem in much of the tropics and subtropics. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are 300 to 500 million cases of malaria each year, and more than 1 million people die of it. Malaria is a major disease hazard for travelers to warm climates. In some areas of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria have developed resistance to insecticides. In addition, the parasites have developed resistance to some antibiotics. These conditions have led to difficulty in controlling both the rate of infection and spread of this disease. Symptoms include: Anemia (condition in which the body doesn t have enough healthy red blood cells) Bloody stools Chills, fever, sweating Coma Convulsions Headache Jaundice Muscle pain Nausea and vomiting. During a physical examination, the health care provider may find an enlarged liver or enlarged spleen. Tests that are done include: Rapid diagnostic tests, which are becoming more common because they are easier to use and require less training by laboratory technicians Malaria blood smears taken at 6 to 12 hour intervals to confirm the diagnosis A complete blood count (CBC) will identify anemia if it is present. Malaria, especially falciparum malaria, is a medical emergency that requires a hospital stay. Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial drug. But chloroquine-resistant infections are common in some parts of the world. Possible treatments for chloroquine-resistant infections include: Artemisinin derivative combinations, including artemether and lumefantrine Atovaquone-proguanil Quinine-based regimen, in combination with doxycycline or clindamycin Mefloquine, in combination with artesunate or doxycycline The choice of drug depends, in part, on where you got the infection. Medical care, including fluids through a vein (IV) and other drugs and breathing (respiratory) support may be needed. Outcome is expected to be good in most cases of malaria with treatment, but poor in falciparum infection with complications. Health problems that may result from malaria include: Brain infection (cerebritis) Destruction of blood cells ( hemolytic anemia ) Kidney failure Liver failure Meningitis Respiratory failure from fluid in the lungs ( pulmonary edema ) Rupture of the spleen leading to massive internal bleeding (hemorrhage). Call your health care provider if you develop fever and headache after visiting the tropics. Most people who live in areas where malaria is common have developed some immunity to the disease. Visitors will not have immunity and should take preventive medications. It is important to see your health care provider well before your trip. This is because treatment may need to begin as long as 2 weeks before travel to the area, and continue for a month after you leave the area. Most travelers from the United States who contract malaria fail to take the right precautions. The types of anti-malarial drugs prescribed depend on the area you visit. Travelers to South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, and the South Pacific should take one of the following drugs: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or atovaquone-proguanil. Even pregnant women should consider taking preventive drugs because the risk to the fetus from the drug is less than the risk of catching this infection. Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for protecting against malaria. But because of resistance, it is now only suggested for use in areas where Plasmodium vivax , P. oval , and P. malariae are present. Falciparum malaria is becoming increasingly resistant to anti-malarial medications Recommended drugs include mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), and doxycycline. Prevent mosquito bites by: Wearing protective clothing over your arms and legs Using mosquito netting while sleeping Using insect repellent For information on malaria and preventive medications, visit the CDC website: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html. Quartan malaria; Falciparum malaria; Biduoterian fever; Blackwater fever; Tertian malaria; Plasmodium. Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, pupa Mosquito, pupa Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria Malaria. Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malaria (plasmodium species). Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects more than 500 million people annually, causing between 1 and 3 million deaths. It is most common in tropical and subtropical climates and is found in 90 countries-but 90% of all cases are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of its victims are children. The first stage consists of shaking and chills, the next stage involves high fever and severe headache, and in the final stage the infected person's temperature drops and he or she sweats profusely. Infected people also often suffer from anemia, weakness, and a swelling of the spleen. Malaria was almost eradicated 30 years ago; now it is on the rise again. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Source of disease: Plasmodium species |
| Malaria | XTRA | 555 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria - Plasmodium sp. (protozoan parasite) Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed to humans by the bite of infected anopheles mosquitoes. After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form of parasites, called merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. The symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours. Most symptoms are caused by: The release of merozoites into the bloodstream Anemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells Large amounts of free hemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions. Malaria can be carried by mosquitoes in temperate climates, but the parasite disappears over the winter. The disease is a major health problem in much of the tropics and subtropics. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are 300 to 500 million cases of malaria each year, and more than 1 million people die of it. Malaria is a major disease hazard for travelers to warm climates. In some areas of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria have developed resistance to insecticides. In addition, the parasites have developed resistance to some antibiotics. These conditions have led to difficulty in controlling both the rate of infection and spread of this disease. Symptoms include: Anemia (condition in which the body doesn t have enough healthy red blood cells) Bloody stools Chills, fever, sweating Coma Convulsions Headache Jaundice Muscle pain Nausea and vomiting. During a physical examination, the health care provider may find an enlarged liver or enlarged spleen. Tests that are done include: Rapid diagnostic tests, which are becoming more common because they are easier to use and require less training by laboratory technicians Malaria blood smears taken at 6 to 12 hour intervals to confirm the diagnosis A complete blood count (CBC) will identify anemia if it is present. Malaria, especially falciparum malaria, is a medical emergency that requires a hospital stay. Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial drug. But chloroquine-resistant infections are common in some parts of the world. Possible treatments for chloroquine-resistant infections include: Artemisinin derivative combinations, including artemether and lumefantrine Atovaquone-proguanil Quinine-based regimen, in combination with doxycycline or clindamycin Mefloquine, in combination with artesunate or doxycycline The choice of drug depends, in part, on where you got the infection. Medical care, including fluids through a vein (IV) and other drugs and breathing (respiratory) support may be needed. Outcome is expected to be good in most cases of malaria with treatment, but poor in falciparum infection with complications. Health problems that may result from malaria include: Brain infection (cerebritis) Destruction of blood cells ( hemolytic anemia ) Kidney failure Liver failure Meningitis Respiratory failure from fluid in the lungs ( pulmonary edema ) Rupture of the spleen leading to massive internal bleeding (hemorrhage). Call your health care provider if you develop fever and headache after visiting the tropics. Most people who live in areas where malaria is common have developed some immunity to the disease. Visitors will not have immunity and should take preventive medications. It is important to see your health care provider well before your trip. This is because treatment may need to begin as long as 2 weeks before travel to the area, and continue for a month after you leave the area. Most travelers from the United States who contract malaria fail to take the right precautions. The types of anti-malarial drugs prescribed depend on the area you visit. Travelers to South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, and the South Pacific should take one of the following drugs: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or atovaquone-proguanil. Even pregnant women should consider taking preventive drugs because the risk to the fetus from the drug is less than the risk of catching this infection. Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for protecting against malaria. But because of resistance, it is now only suggested for use in areas where Plasmodium vivax , P. oval , and P. malariae are present. Falciparum malaria is becoming increasingly resistant to anti-malarial medications Recommended drugs include mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), and doxycycline. Prevent mosquito bites by: Wearing protective clothing over your arms and legs Using mosquito netting while sleeping Using insect repellent For information on malaria and preventive medications, visit the CDC website: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html. Quartan malaria; Falciparum malaria; Biduoterian fever; Blackwater fever; Tertian malaria; Plasmodium. Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, adult feeding on the skin Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, egg raft Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, larvae Mosquito, pupa Mosquito, pupa Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites Malaria Malaria. Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malaria (plasmodium species). Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects more than 500 million people annually, causing between 1 and 3 million deaths. It is most common in tropical and subtropical climates and is found in 90 countries-but 90% of all cases are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of its victims are children. The first stage consists of shaking and chills, the next stage involves high fever and severe headache, and in the final stage the infected person's temperature drops and he or she sweats profusely. Infected people also often suffer from anemia, weakness, and a swelling of the spleen. Malaria was almost eradicated 30 years ago; now it is on the rise again. Encyclopedia Entry for Malaria : Malaria. Source of disease: Plasmodium species |
| Malaria 1 | XTRA | 4,20,28,222,455,550,713,743,880,930,1032,1433,1444,1445 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. |
| Malaria 2 | CAFL | 20,28,787,880 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. |
| Malaria 2 | XTRA | 20,728,787,800,880 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. |
| Malaria 3 | XTRA | 20,555 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. |
| Malaria 4 | XTRA | 20,222,455,550,555,713,743,930,1002,1019,1032,1348,1433,1473,1518 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium protozoans - see Plasmodium programs. |
| Malaria Falciparum 1 | CAFL | 1518,1348,1473,1002,1019 | Mosquito-borne infectious disease with fever, anemia, and spleen enlargement, caused by parasitic Plasmodium Falciparum protozoans |
| Malassezia Furfur | CAFL | 222,225,491,616,700 | Yeast causing Tinea Versicolor. See Fungus General, and Tinea Versicolor programs. May also be implicated in Morgellons. Skin |
| Male Urogenital Diseases | ETDF | 190,220,620,830,7500,32500,85650,143500,304420,581280 | Some of the male urogenital disorders include: Undescended testes or cryptorchidism. |
| Malignancy | XTRA | 43353800 | From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1 Encyclopedia Entry for Malignancy : Malignancy. Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan Malignancy Malignancy. Black AR, Cowan KH. Cancer biology and genetics. |
| Malignancy | PROV | 43353800 | From Patent US 6,321,120 B1 Encyclopedia Entry for Malignancy : Malignancy. Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan Malignancy Malignancy. Black AR, Cowan KH. Cancer biology and genetics. |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | ETDF | 110,550,950,5250,20000,37500,62500,93500,150000,478500 | Rare genetic condition where certain anesthetic drugs, and sometimes exercise or hot environments can trigger life-threatening oxidative changes. Encyclopedia Entry for Malignant Hyperthermia : Malignant hyperthermia. MH is inherited. Only one parent has to carry the disease for a child to inherit the condition. It may occur with some other inherited muscle diseases, such as multiminicore myopathy and central core disease. Symptoms of MH include: Bleeding Dark brown urine Muscle ache without an obvious cause, such as exercise or injury Muscle rigidity and stiffness Rise in body temperature to 105 F (40.6 C) or higher. MH is often discovered after a person is given anesthesia during surgery. There may be a family history of MH or unexplained death during anesthesia. The person may have a fast and often irregular heart rate. Tests for MH may include: Blood clotting studies (PT, or prothombin time ; PTT, or partial thrombloplastin time ) Blood chemistry panel, including CPK (creatinine phosphokinase, which is higher in the blood when muscle is destroyed during a bout of the illness) Genetic testing to look for defects in the genes that are linked with the disease Muscle biopsy Urine myoglobin (muscle protein). During an episode of MH, a medicine called dantrolene is often given. Wrapping the person in a cooling blanket can help reduce fever and the risk of serious complications. To preserve kidney function during an episode, the person may receive fluids through a vein. These resources can provide more information about MH: Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States -- www.mhaus.org National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/malignant-hyperthermia NIH Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/malignant-hyperthermia. Repeated or untreated episodes can cause kidney failure. Untreated episodes can be fatal. These serious complications can occur: Amputation Breakdown of muscle tissue Swelling of the hands and feet and problems with blood flow and nerve function ( compartment syndrome ) Death Abnormal blood clotting and bleeding Heart rhythm problems Kidney failure Buildup of acid in the body fluids ( metabolic acidosis ) Fluid buildup in the lungs Weak or deformed muscles (myopathy or muscular dystrophy ). If you need surgery, tell both your surgeon and anesthesiologist before surgery if: You know that you or a member of your family has had problems with general anesthesia You know you have a family history of MH Using certain medicines can prevent the complications of MH during surgery. Tell your health care provider if you or anyone in your family has MH, especially before having surgery with general anesthesia. Avoid stimulant drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine (speed), and ecstasy. These drugs may cause problems similar to MH in people who are prone to this condition. Genetic counseling is recommended for anyone with a family history of myopathy, muscular dystrophy, or MH. Hyperthermia - malignant; Hyperpyrexia - malignant; MH. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. Malignant hyperthermia crisis preparedness and treatment: position statement. sharepoint.aana.com/resources2/professionalpractice/Pages/Malignant-Hyperthermia-Crisis-Preparedness-and-Treatment.aspx. Updated April 2015. Accessed June 8, 2017. Kulaylat MN, Dayton MT. Surgical complications. |
| Mallei | BIO | 1273 | Pseudomonas Mallei. Causes Glanders (AKA Farcy). |
| Mammary Tumor Benign | XTRA | 174,178,191,405,482,633,731,739.79,785,1132,1234,2959.4,3672,3702,3965,5311,6646,7344,7760,10357,10380,10406.25 | A mammary tumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland. It is a common finding in older female dogs and cats that are not spayed, but they are found in other animals as well. Breast |
| Mandibulofacial Dysostosis | ETDF | 120,550,850,5500,22500,35680,70000,261110,385650,705700 | Congenital malformations of skull, jaw, face, and neck. |
| Manganese 1 | XTRA | 11425 | Element essential for life. |
| Manganese mn | XTRA | 525.01,565.99,12042.96 | Element essential for life. |
| Mange | XTRA | 90,253,693,701,774,920,1436,1821.88,2871,5742,11484 | Contagious dermatitis found in many mammals caused by Demodex mites living in the hair follicles. See Follicular Mange. |
| Mange Follicular | CAFL | 90,110,253,693,920,1436,2871,5742 | Contagious dermatitis found in many mammals caused by Demodex mites living in the hair follicles. See Follicular Mange. Hair Skin |
| Mange Follicular 1 | XTRA | 90,110,253,693,920,1436,2871,5742 | Contagious dermatitis found in many mammals caused by Demodex mites living in the hair follicles. See Follicular Mange. |
| Mange Follicular 2 | XTRA | 253,693 | Contagious dermatitis found in many mammals caused by Demodex mites living in the hair follicles. See Follicular Mange. |
| Manic Depression | XTRA | 263.1,304,802,6000,6130 | Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood.The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present. |
| Mannan | BIO | 961 | Plant polysaccharide that is a linear polymer of the sugar mannose. Plant mannans have _(1-4) linkages. It is a form of storage polysaccharide. Ivory nut is a source of mannan. Unknown. May refer to plant polysaccharide related to mannose, or to constituent of yeast cell walls (common in Otitis Media). |
| Mannan | XTRA | 661,961 | Plant polysaccharide that is a linear polymer of the sugar mannose. Plant mannans have _(1-4) linkages. It is a form of storage polysaccharide. Ivory nut is a source of mannan. |
| Maple Syrup Urine Disease | ETDF | 30,500,870,10470,37110,87500,135230,225680,397500,597500 | Also called branched-chain ketoaciduria. Genetic metabolic disorder affecting processing of branched-chain amino acids. Encyclopedia Entry for Maple Syrup Urine Disease : Maple syrup urine disease. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. It is caused by a defect in 1 of 3 genes. People with this condition cannot break down the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. This leads to a buildup of these chemicals in the blood. In the most severe form, MSUD can damage the brain during times of physical stress (such as infection, fever, or not eating for a long time). Some types of MSUD are mild or come and go. Even in the mildest form, repeated periods of physical stress can cause mental disability and high levels of leucine to build up. Symptoms of this disorder include: Coma Feeding difficulties Lethargy Seizures Urine that smells like maple syrup Vomiting. These tests may be done to check for this disorder: Plasma amino acid test Urine organic acid test Genetic testing There will be signs of ketosis (buildup of ketones, a by-product of burning fat) and excess acid in the blood (acidosis). When the condition is diagnosed, and during episodes, treatment involves eating a protein-free diet. Fluids, sugars, and sometimes fats are given through a vein (IV). Dialysis through your belly or a vein can be done to reduce the level of abnormal substances in your blood. Long-term treatment requires a special diet. For infants, the diet includes a formula with low levels of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. People with this condition must remain on a diet low in these amino acids for life. It is very important to always follow this diet to prevent nervous system (neurological) damage. This requires frequent blood tests and close supervision by a registered dietitian and physician, as well as cooperation by parents of children with the condition. This disease can be life threatening if untreated. Even with dietary treatment, stressful situations and illness can still cause high levels of certain amino acids. Death may occur during these episodes. With strict dietary treatment, children have grown into adulthood and can remain healthy. These complications can occur: Neurological damage Coma Death Mental disability. Call your health care provider if you have a family history of MSUD and are planning to start a family. Also call your provider right away if you have a newborn who has symptoms of maple syrup urine disease. Genetic counseling is suggested for people who want to have children and who have a family history of maple syrup urine disease. Many states now screen all newborns with blood testing for MSUD. If a screening test shows that your baby may have MSUD, a follow-up blood test for amino acid levels should be done right away to confirm the disease. MSUD. Gallagher RC, Enns GM, Cowan TM, Mendelsohn B, Packman S. Aminoacidemias and organic acidemias. |
| Marfan Syndrome | ETDF | 150,230,650,930,36290,211090,475680,527000,665340,749000 | Genetic disorder of connective tissue that may involve heart, lungs, eyes, spine, skeleton, and hard palate. Encyclopedia Entry for Marfan Syndrome : Marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome is caused by defects in a gene called fibrillin-1. Fibrillin-1 plays an important role as the building block for connective tissue in the body. The gene defect also causes the long bones of the body to grow too much. People with this syndrome have tall height and long arms and legs. How this overgrowth happens is not well understood. Other areas of the body that are affected include: Lung tissue (there may be a pneumothorax, in which air can escape from the lung into the chest cavity and collapse the lung) The aorta, the main blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to the body may stretch or become weak (called aortic dilation or aortic aneurysm) The eyes, causing cataracts and other problems (such as a dislocation of the lenses) The skin Tissue covering the spinal cord In most cases, Marfan syndrome is passed down through families (inherited). However, up to 30% of people have no family history, which is called 'sporadic.' In sporadic cases, the syndrome is believed to be caused by a new gene change. People with Marfan syndrome are very often tall with long, thin arms and legs and spider-like fingers (called arachnodactyly). The length of the arms is greater than height when arms are stretched out. Other symptoms include: A chest that sinks in or sticks out, called funnel chest ( pectus excavatum ) or pigeon breast ( pectus carinatum ) Flat feet Highly arched palate and crowded teeth Hypotonia Joints that are too flexible (but the elbows may be less flexible) Learning disability Movement of the lens of the eye from its normal position (dislocation) Nearsightedness Small lower jaw (micrognathia) Spine that curves to one side ( scoliosis ) Thin, narrow face Many people with Marfan syndrome suffer from chronic muscle and joint pain. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. The joints may move around more than normal. There may also be signs of: Aneurysm Collapsed lung Heart valve problems An eye exam may show: Defects of the lens or cornea Retinal detachment Vision problems The following tests may be performed: Echocardiogram Fibrillin-1 mutation testing (in some people) An echocardiogram or another test should be done every year to look at the base of the aorta and possibly the heart valves. Vision problems should be treated when possible. Monitor for scoliosis, especially during the teenage years. Medicine to slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure may help prevent stress on the aorta. To avoid injuring the aorta, people with the condition should avoid participating in contact sports. Some people may need surgery to replace the aortic root and valve. People with Marfan syndrome who have heart valve conditions may need to take antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent endocarditis (infection of the valves). Pregnant women with Marfan syndrome must be monitored very closely because of the increased stress on the heart and aorta. National Marfan Foundation -- www.marfan.org. Heart-related complications may shorten the lifespan of people with this disease. However, many people live into their 60s and beyond. Good care and surgery may further extend lifespan. Complications may include: Aortic regurgitation Aortic rupture Bacterial endocarditis Dissecting aortic aneurysm Enlargement of the base of the aorta Heart failure Mitral valve prolapse Scoliosis Vision problems. Couples who have this condition and are planning to have children may want to talk to a genetic counselor before starting a family. Spontaneous new gene mutations leading to Marfan (less than one third of cases) cannot be prevented. If you have Marfan syndrome, see your provider at least once every year. Aortic aneurysm - Marfan. Pectus excavatum Pectus excavatum Marfan Marfan syndrome. Doyle A, Doyle JJ, Dietz HC. Marfan syndrome. |
| Marijuana | XTRA | 30 | Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names,[a] is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes.The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids. Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract. Encyclopedia Entry for Marijuana : Marijuana intoxication. The intoxicating effects of marijuana include relaxation, sleepiness, and mild euphoria (getting high). Smoking marijuana leads to fast and predictable signs and symptoms. Eating marijuana can cause slower, and sometimes less predictable effects. Marijuana can cause undesirable side effects, which increase with higher doses. These side effects include: Decreased short-term memory Dry mouth Impaired perception and motor skills Red eyes More serious side effects include panic, paranoia, or acute psychosis , which may be more common with new users or in those who already have a psychiatric disease. The degree of these side effects varies from person to person, as well as with the amount of marijuana used. Marijuana is often cut with hallucinogens and other, more dangerous drugs that have more serious side effects than marijuana. These side effects may include: Sudden high blood pressure with headache Chest pain and heart rhythm disturbances Extreme hyperactivity and physical violence Heart attack Seizures Stroke Sudden collapse (cardiac arrest). Treatment and care involves: Preventing injury Reassuring those who have panic reactions due to the drug Sedatives, called benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan), may be given. Children who have more serious symptoms or those with serious side effects may need to stay in the hospital for treatment. Treatment may include heart and brain monitoring. In the emergency department, the patient may receive: Activated charcoal, if the drug has been eaten Blood and urine tests Breathing support Chest x-ray ECG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) Fluids through the vein (intravenous, or IV) Medicines to relieve symptoms (see above). Uncomplicated marijuana intoxication rarely needs medical advice or treatment. Occasionally, serious symptoms occur. However, these symptoms are rare and usually associated with other drugs or compounds mixed in with marijuana. If someone who has been using marijuana develops any of the symptoms of intoxication, has trouble breathing, or cannot be awakened, call 911 or your local emergency number. If the person has stopped breathing or has no pulse, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and continue it until help arrives. Cannabis intoxication; Intoxication - marijuana (cannabis); Pot; Mary Jane; Weed; Grass; Cannabis. Brust JCM. Effects of drug abuse on the nervous system. |
| Mars - Bara, Pelvic Balance, Emotion Balance and Stability | ALT | 3.07 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Mars - Eyes, Visualization | ALT | 12.3 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Mars - Heart, Love, Warmth | ALT | 6.15 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Mastitis 1 | XTRA | 654,698 | Also called Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Inflammation of breast usually caused by bacteria. Try Staphylococcus Aureus, and other staph and strep programs. |
| Mastocytosis | ETDF | 70,240,780,12500,57500,112050,241210,361280,596500,888200 | Rare mast cell disease in adults and children caused by cell and precursor proliferation, causing itching, hives, and anaphylactic shock. |
| Mastoiditis | CAFL | 287 | Inflammation of bony structure of the skull behind ears below eye level. Encyclopedia Entry for Mastoiditis : Mastoiditis. Mastoiditis is most often caused by a middle ear infection ( acute otitis media ). The infection may spread from the ear to the mastoid bone. The bone has a honeycomb-like structure that fills with infected material and may break down. The condition is most common in children. Before antibiotics, mastoiditis was one of the leading causes of death in children. The condition does not occur very often today. It is also much less dangerous. Symptoms include: Drainage from the ear Ear pain or discomfort Fever, may be high or suddenly increase Headache Hearing loss Redness of the ear or behind the ear Swelling behind the ear, may cause ear to stick out or feel as if it is filled with fluid. An exam of the head may reveal signs of mastoiditis. The following tests may show an abnormality of the mastoid bone: CT scan of the ear Head CT scan A culture of drainage from the ear may show bacteria. Mastoiditis may be hard to treat because the medicine may not reach deeply into the bone. The condition sometimes requires repeated or long-term treatment. The infection is treated with antibiotic injections, followed by antibiotics taken by mouth. Surgery to remove part of the bone and drain the mastoid ( mastoidectomy ) may be needed if antibiotic treatment does not work. Surgery to drain the middle ear through the eardrum ( myringotomy ) may be needed to treat the middle ear infection. Mastoiditis can be cured. However, it may be hard to treat and may come back. Complications may include: Destruction of the mastoid bone Dizziness or vertigo Epidural abscess Facial paralysis Meningitis Partial or complete hearing loss Spread of infection to the brain or throughout the body. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of mastoiditis. Also call if: You have an ear infection that does not respond to treatment or is followed by new symptoms. Your symptoms do not respond to treatment. Prompt and thorough treatment of ear infections reduces the risk for mastoiditis. Mastoiditis - side view of head Mastoiditis - side view of head Mastoiditis - redness and swelling behind ear Mastoiditis - redness and swelling behind ear Mastoidectomy - series Mastoidectomy - series. Chole RA. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis. |
| Mastoiditis | ETDF | 70,220,700,2500,39000,300500,411510,605650,747000,907110 | Inflammation of bony structure of the skull behind ears below eye level. Encyclopedia Entry for Mastoiditis : Mastoiditis. Mastoiditis is most often caused by a middle ear infection ( acute otitis media ). The infection may spread from the ear to the mastoid bone. The bone has a honeycomb-like structure that fills with infected material and may break down. The condition is most common in children. Before antibiotics, mastoiditis was one of the leading causes of death in children. The condition does not occur very often today. It is also much less dangerous. Symptoms include: Drainage from the ear Ear pain or discomfort Fever, may be high or suddenly increase Headache Hearing loss Redness of the ear or behind the ear Swelling behind the ear, may cause ear to stick out or feel as if it is filled with fluid. An exam of the head may reveal signs of mastoiditis. The following tests may show an abnormality of the mastoid bone: CT scan of the ear Head CT scan A culture of drainage from the ear may show bacteria. Mastoiditis may be hard to treat because the medicine may not reach deeply into the bone. The condition sometimes requires repeated or long-term treatment. The infection is treated with antibiotic injections, followed by antibiotics taken by mouth. Surgery to remove part of the bone and drain the mastoid ( mastoidectomy ) may be needed if antibiotic treatment does not work. Surgery to drain the middle ear through the eardrum ( myringotomy ) may be needed to treat the middle ear infection. Mastoiditis can be cured. However, it may be hard to treat and may come back. Complications may include: Destruction of the mastoid bone Dizziness or vertigo Epidural abscess Facial paralysis Meningitis Partial or complete hearing loss Spread of infection to the brain or throughout the body. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of mastoiditis. Also call if: You have an ear infection that does not respond to treatment or is followed by new symptoms. Your symptoms do not respond to treatment. Prompt and thorough treatment of ear infections reduces the risk for mastoiditis. Mastoiditis - side view of head Mastoiditis - side view of head Mastoiditis - redness and swelling behind ear Mastoiditis - redness and swelling behind ear Mastoidectomy - series Mastoidectomy - series. Chole RA. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis. |
| Maxillofacial Procedures | ETDF | 680,900,2500,13930,205510,337300,331000,435850,409700,408000 | Jaws and face. |
| Meal Mite | HC | 718000 | Also called Flour or Grain Mites. Cause Grocer's, Baker's, and Grain Itch. |
| Meal Mite | XTRA | 1779.74,11218.75 | Also called Flour or Grain Mites. Cause Grocer's, Baker's, and Grain Itch. |
| Measles | CAFL | 727,787,880,342,442,443,467,520,521,552,1489,745,757,763,712 | Also called Rubeola. Highly contagious condition with fever, cough, rhinitis, red eyes, followed by white oral spots and red skin rash. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles - Morbilli- Hard measles- Rubeola- measles- 14-day measles- rubeola virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Measles is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air. If one person has the measles, 90% of the people who come in contact with that person will get the measles, unless they have been vaccinated. People who had measles or who have been vaccinated against measles are protected from the disease. As of 2000, measles had been eliminated in the United States. However, unvaccinated people who travel to other countries where measles is common have brought the disease back to the United States. This has led to recent outbreaks of measles in groups of people who are unvaccinated. Some parents DO NOT let their children get vaccinated. This is because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Parents and caregivers should know that: Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this or any vaccine and autism. Reviews by all major health organizations in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere all found NO LINK between the MMR vaccine and autism. The study that had first reported a risk of autism from this vaccine has been proven to be fraudulent. Symptoms usually begin 8 to 12 days after you are exposed to the virus. This is called the incubation period. Rash is often the main symptom. The rash: Usually appears 3 to 5 days after the first signs of being sick May last 4 to 7 days Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down the body May appear as flat, discolored areas ( macules ) and solid, red, raised areas ( papules ) that later join together Itches Other symptoms may include: Bloodshot eyes Cough Fever Light sensitivity ( photophobia ) Muscle pain Red and inflammed eyes ( conjunctivitis ) Runny nose Sore throat Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik's spots). The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Usually the diagnosis is easily made from the telltale rash and Koplik's spots. If needed, blood tests may be done. There is no specific treatment for the measles. The following may relieve symptoms: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Bed rest Humidified air Some children may need vitamin A supplements, which reduce the risk of death and complications in children who DO NOT get enough vitamin A. Those who DO NOT have complications such as pneumonia do very well. Complications of measles infection may include: Irriation and swelling of the main passages that carry air to the lungs ( bronchitis ) Irritation and swelling of the brain ( encephalitis ) Ear infection ( otitis media ) Pneumonia. Call your provider if you or your child has symptoms of measles. Getting vaccinated is a very effective way to prevent measles. People who are not immunized, or who have not received the full immunization, are at high risk of catching the disease. Taking serum immune globulin within 6 days after being exposed to the virus can reduce the risk of developing measles or make the disease less severe. Rubeola. Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles on the back Measles on the back Antibodies Antibodies. Gershon AA. Measles virus (rubeola). Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles: Measles is a disease that has seen a drastic reduction in countries where a vaccine is readily available, but it is still prevalent in developing countries, where most of the 242,000 deaths (out of 30 million cases) it caused in 2006 occurred. Symptoms include high fever, coughing, and a maculo-papular rash; common complications include diarrhea, pneumonia, and ear infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Source of disease: Measles virus |
| Measles | ETDF | 60,260,750,2250,7500,52500,369500,373010,371050,687620 | Also called Rubeola. Highly contagious condition with fever, cough, rhinitis, red eyes, followed by white oral spots and red skin rash. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles - Morbilli- Hard measles- Rubeola- measles- 14-day measles- rubeola virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Measles is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air. If one person has the measles, 90% of the people who come in contact with that person will get the measles, unless they have been vaccinated. People who had measles or who have been vaccinated against measles are protected from the disease. As of 2000, measles had been eliminated in the United States. However, unvaccinated people who travel to other countries where measles is common have brought the disease back to the United States. This has led to recent outbreaks of measles in groups of people who are unvaccinated. Some parents DO NOT let their children get vaccinated. This is because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Parents and caregivers should know that: Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this or any vaccine and autism. Reviews by all major health organizations in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere all found NO LINK between the MMR vaccine and autism. The study that had first reported a risk of autism from this vaccine has been proven to be fraudulent. Symptoms usually begin 8 to 12 days after you are exposed to the virus. This is called the incubation period. Rash is often the main symptom. The rash: Usually appears 3 to 5 days after the first signs of being sick May last 4 to 7 days Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down the body May appear as flat, discolored areas ( macules ) and solid, red, raised areas ( papules ) that later join together Itches Other symptoms may include: Bloodshot eyes Cough Fever Light sensitivity ( photophobia ) Muscle pain Red and inflammed eyes ( conjunctivitis ) Runny nose Sore throat Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik's spots). The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Usually the diagnosis is easily made from the telltale rash and Koplik's spots. If needed, blood tests may be done. There is no specific treatment for the measles. The following may relieve symptoms: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Bed rest Humidified air Some children may need vitamin A supplements, which reduce the risk of death and complications in children who DO NOT get enough vitamin A. Those who DO NOT have complications such as pneumonia do very well. Complications of measles infection may include: Irriation and swelling of the main passages that carry air to the lungs ( bronchitis ) Irritation and swelling of the brain ( encephalitis ) Ear infection ( otitis media ) Pneumonia. Call your provider if you or your child has symptoms of measles. Getting vaccinated is a very effective way to prevent measles. People who are not immunized, or who have not received the full immunization, are at high risk of catching the disease. Taking serum immune globulin within 6 days after being exposed to the virus can reduce the risk of developing measles or make the disease less severe. Rubeola. Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles on the back Measles on the back Antibodies Antibodies. Gershon AA. Measles virus (rubeola). Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles: Measles is a disease that has seen a drastic reduction in countries where a vaccine is readily available, but it is still prevalent in developing countries, where most of the 242,000 deaths (out of 30 million cases) it caused in 2006 occurred. Symptoms include high fever, coughing, and a maculo-papular rash; common complications include diarrhea, pneumonia, and ear infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Source of disease: Measles virus |
| Measles | KHZ | 60,260,750,2250,7500,52500,124940,452590,515680,687620 | Also called Rubeola. Highly contagious condition with fever, cough, rhinitis, red eyes, followed by white oral spots and red skin rash. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles - Morbilli- Hard measles- Rubeola- measles- 14-day measles- rubeola virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Measles is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air. If one person has the measles, 90% of the people who come in contact with that person will get the measles, unless they have been vaccinated. People who had measles or who have been vaccinated against measles are protected from the disease. As of 2000, measles had been eliminated in the United States. However, unvaccinated people who travel to other countries where measles is common have brought the disease back to the United States. This has led to recent outbreaks of measles in groups of people who are unvaccinated. Some parents DO NOT let their children get vaccinated. This is because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Parents and caregivers should know that: Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this or any vaccine and autism. Reviews by all major health organizations in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere all found NO LINK between the MMR vaccine and autism. The study that had first reported a risk of autism from this vaccine has been proven to be fraudulent. Symptoms usually begin 8 to 12 days after you are exposed to the virus. This is called the incubation period. Rash is often the main symptom. The rash: Usually appears 3 to 5 days after the first signs of being sick May last 4 to 7 days Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down the body May appear as flat, discolored areas ( macules ) and solid, red, raised areas ( papules ) that later join together Itches Other symptoms may include: Bloodshot eyes Cough Fever Light sensitivity ( photophobia ) Muscle pain Red and inflammed eyes ( conjunctivitis ) Runny nose Sore throat Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik's spots). The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Usually the diagnosis is easily made from the telltale rash and Koplik's spots. If needed, blood tests may be done. There is no specific treatment for the measles. The following may relieve symptoms: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Bed rest Humidified air Some children may need vitamin A supplements, which reduce the risk of death and complications in children who DO NOT get enough vitamin A. Those who DO NOT have complications such as pneumonia do very well. Complications of measles infection may include: Irriation and swelling of the main passages that carry air to the lungs ( bronchitis ) Irritation and swelling of the brain ( encephalitis ) Ear infection ( otitis media ) Pneumonia. Call your provider if you or your child has symptoms of measles. Getting vaccinated is a very effective way to prevent measles. People who are not immunized, or who have not received the full immunization, are at high risk of catching the disease. Taking serum immune globulin within 6 days after being exposed to the virus can reduce the risk of developing measles or make the disease less severe. Rubeola. Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles on the back Measles on the back Antibodies Antibodies. Gershon AA. Measles virus (rubeola). Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles: Measles is a disease that has seen a drastic reduction in countries where a vaccine is readily available, but it is still prevalent in developing countries, where most of the 242,000 deaths (out of 30 million cases) it caused in 2006 occurred. Symptoms include high fever, coughing, and a maculo-papular rash; common complications include diarrhea, pneumonia, and ear infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Source of disease: Measles virus |
| Measles | XTRA | 333 | Also called Rubeola. Highly contagious condition with fever, cough, rhinitis, red eyes, followed by white oral spots and red skin rash. Other uses: Yersinia Pestis/Plague. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles - Morbilli- Hard measles- Rubeola- measles- 14-day measles- rubeola virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Measles is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air. If one person has the measles, 90% of the people who come in contact with that person will get the measles, unless they have been vaccinated. People who had measles or who have been vaccinated against measles are protected from the disease. As of 2000, measles had been eliminated in the United States. However, unvaccinated people who travel to other countries where measles is common have brought the disease back to the United States. This has led to recent outbreaks of measles in groups of people who are unvaccinated. Some parents DO NOT let their children get vaccinated. This is because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Parents and caregivers should know that: Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this or any vaccine and autism. Reviews by all major health organizations in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere all found NO LINK between the MMR vaccine and autism. The study that had first reported a risk of autism from this vaccine has been proven to be fraudulent. Symptoms usually begin 8 to 12 days after you are exposed to the virus. This is called the incubation period. Rash is often the main symptom. The rash: Usually appears 3 to 5 days after the first signs of being sick May last 4 to 7 days Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down the body May appear as flat, discolored areas ( macules ) and solid, red, raised areas ( papules ) that later join together Itches Other symptoms may include: Bloodshot eyes Cough Fever Light sensitivity ( photophobia ) Muscle pain Red and inflammed eyes ( conjunctivitis ) Runny nose Sore throat Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik's spots). The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Usually the diagnosis is easily made from the telltale rash and Koplik's spots. If needed, blood tests may be done. There is no specific treatment for the measles. The following may relieve symptoms: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Bed rest Humidified air Some children may need vitamin A supplements, which reduce the risk of death and complications in children who DO NOT get enough vitamin A. Those who DO NOT have complications such as pneumonia do very well. Complications of measles infection may include: Irriation and swelling of the main passages that carry air to the lungs ( bronchitis ) Irritation and swelling of the brain ( encephalitis ) Ear infection ( otitis media ) Pneumonia. Call your provider if you or your child has symptoms of measles. Getting vaccinated is a very effective way to prevent measles. People who are not immunized, or who have not received the full immunization, are at high risk of catching the disease. Taking serum immune globulin within 6 days after being exposed to the virus can reduce the risk of developing measles or make the disease less severe. Rubeola. Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles, Koplik spots - close-up Measles on the back Measles on the back Antibodies Antibodies. Gershon AA. Measles virus (rubeola). Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles: Measles is a disease that has seen a drastic reduction in countries where a vaccine is readily available, but it is still prevalent in developing countries, where most of the 242,000 deaths (out of 30 million cases) it caused in 2006 occurred. Symptoms include high fever, coughing, and a maculo-papular rash; common complications include diarrhea, pneumonia, and ear infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles virus. Morbilivirus. Human,Respiratory. Associated with Fever, rash Encyclopedia Entry for Measles : Measles. Source of disease: Measles virus |
| Measles Rubella | BIO | 431,510 | Also called German or 3-Day Measles. Infectious disease with rash, sore throat, itching, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Also see Rubella. |
| Measles Rubella | CAFL | 431,459,510,517,796,967,368,734,772 | Also called German or 3-Day Measles. Infectious disease with rash, sore throat, itching, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Also see Rubella. |
| Measles Rubeola | CAFL | 342,467,520,784,787,962,1489 | Also called 9-Day Measles. Infectious disease with rash, cough, runny nose, eye inflammation, and fever. Also see Rubeola. |
| Measles Rubeola Vaccine | BIO | 962 | Also called 9-Day Measles. Infectious disease with rash, cough, runny nose, eye inflammation, and fever. Also see Rubeola. |
| Measles Vaccine | CAFL | 214,725,747,783,962 | Measles vaccine is a vaccine that prevents measles. Nearly all of those who do not develop immunity after a single dose develop it after a second dose. |
| Meckel Diverticulum | ETDF | 70,120,620,3780,12690,27500,57500,126160,150000,403860 | Congenital bulge in small intestine causing severe pain, abdominal bloating, and rectal bleeding. Encyclopedia Entry for Meckel Diverticulum : Meckel diverticulum. A Meckel diverticulum is tissue left over from when the baby's digestive tract was forming before birth. A small number of people have a Meckel diverticulum. However, only a few develop symptoms. Symptoms may include: Pain in the abdomen that can be mild or severe Blood in the stool Nausea and vomiting Symptoms often occur during the first few years of life. However, they may not start until adulthood. You may have the following tests: Hematocrit Hemoglobin Stool smear for invisible blood ( stool occult blood test ) CT scan Technetium scan (also called a Meckel scan). You may need surgery to remove the diverticulum if bleeding develops. The segment of small intestine that contains the diverticulum is taken out. The ends of the intestine are sewn back together. You may need to take iron supplements to treat anemia. You may need a blood transfusion if you have a lot of bleeding,. Most people recover fully from surgery and will not have the problem come back. Complications from the surgery are also unlikely. Complications may include: Excess bleeding (hemorrhage) from the diverticulum Folding of the intestines ( intussusception ), a type of blockage Peritonitis Tear (perforation) of the bowel at the diverticulum. See your health care provider right away if your child passes blood or bloody stool or has ongoing abdominal pain. Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Meckel Meckel's diverticulectomy - series. Bass LM, Wershil BK. Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the small and large intestine. |
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome | ETDF | 160,350,930,35780,112500,212710,331790,396500,597500,751170 | Lung problems caused by inhalation during birth of fetal stool material in amniotic fluid. Encyclopedia Entry for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome : Meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium is the early feces (stool) passed by a newborn soon after birth, before the baby starts to feed and digest milk or formula. In some cases, the baby passes meconium while still inside the uterus. This can happen when babies are 'under stress' due to a decrease in blood and oxygen supply. This is often due to problems with the placenta or the umbilical cord. Once the baby passes the meconium into the surrounding amniotic fluid, they may breathe it into the lungs. This may happen: While the baby is still in the uterus During delivery Immediately after birth The meconium can also block the infant's airways right after birth. It can cause breathing problems due to swelling (inflammation) in the baby's lungs after birth. Risk factors that may cause stress on the baby before birth include: 'Aging' of the placenta if the pregnancy goes far past the due date Decreased oxygen to the infant while in the uterus Diabetes in the pregnant mother Difficult delivery or long labor High blood pressure in the pregnant mother. Most babies who have passed meconium into the amniotic fluid do not breathe it into their lungs during labor and delivery. They are unlikely to have any symptoms or problems. Babies who do breathe in this fluid may have the following: Bluish skin color (cyanosis) in the infant Working hard to breathe (noisy breathing, grunting, using extra muscles to breathe, breathing rapidly) No breathing (lack of respiratory effort, or apnea) Limpness at birth. Before birth, the fetal monitor may show a slow heart rate that is slower than expected. During delivery or at birth, meconium can be seen in the amniotic fluid and on the infant. The infant may need help with breathing or heartbeat right after birth. They may have a low Apgar score. The health care team will listen to the infant's chest with a stethoscope. This may reveal abnormal breath sounds, especially coarse, crackly sounds. A blood gas analysis will show: Low (acidic) blood pH Decreased oxygen Increased carbon dioxide A chest x-ray may show patchy or streaky areas in the infant's lungs. A special care team should be present when the baby is born if traces of meconium are found in the amniotic fluid. This happens in more than 10% of normal pregnancies. If the baby is active and crying, no treatment is needed. If the baby is not active and crying right after delivery, the team will: Warm and maintain normal temperature Dry and stimulate the baby This intervention is often all babies need to begin breathing on their own. If the baby is not breathing or has a low heart rate: The team will help the baby breathe using a face mask attached to a bag that delivers an oxygen mixture to inflate the baby's lungs. The infant may be placed in the special care nursery or newborn intensive care unit in order to be watched closely. Other treatments may include: Antibiotics to treat possible infection. Breathing machine (ventilator) if baby is unable to breathe on their own or needs a large amount of extra oxygen. Oxygen to keep blood levels normal. Intravenous (IV) nutrition -- nutrition through the veins if breathing problems are keeping baby from being able to feed by mouth. Radiant warmer to maintain body temperature. Surfactant to help lungs exchange oxygen. This is only used in more severe cases. Nitric oxide (also referred to as NO, an inhaled gas) to help blood flow and oxygen exchange in the lungs. This is only used in severe cases. ECMO ( extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ) is a kind of heart/lung bypass. It may be used in very severe cases. In most cases of meconium-stained fluid, the outlook is excellent and there are no long-term health effects. Only about one half of babies with meconium-stained fluid will have breathing problems and only about 5% will have MAS. Babies may need extra support with breathing and nutrition in some cases. This need will often go away in 2 to 4 days. However, rapid breathing may continue for several days. MAS rarely leads to permanent lung damage. Meconium may be present at birth in the amniotic fluid because there is a serious problem with the blood flow to and from the lungs. This is called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). To prevent problems that lead to meconium being present, stay healthy during pregnancy and follow your health care provider's advice. Your provider will want to be prepared for meconium being present at birth if: Your water broke at home and the fluid was clear or stained with a greenish or brown substance. Any testing done during your pregnancy indicates there may be problems present. Fetal monitoring shows any signs of fetal distress. MAS; Meconium pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs); Labor - meconium; Delivery - meconium; Neonatal - meconium; Newborn care - meconium. Meconium Meconium. Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Respiratory tract disorders. |
| Mediastinal Cyst | ETDF | 160,350,930,22500,130000,251230,493500,555080,754370,815680 | Tumors found in the cavity containing heart, trachea, and esophagus - include neurogenic, thymoma, lymphoma, pheochromocytoma, and germ cell tumors including teratoma, thyroid tissue, and parathyroid lesions. |
| Meditation Induce | XTRA | 4.9 | Other uses: relaxation, deeper sleep. Mind |
| Medorrhinum | BIO | 230,442,554,843,854,1700,1880,2222 | Homeopathic nosode for urethral discharge. |
| Medorrhinum | VEGA | 442,843,2222 | Homeopathic nosode for urethral discharge. |
| Medullary Sponge Kidney | ETDF | 30,500,930,10720,38100,47500,155650,297500,334250,757770 | Congenital kidney disorder with cyst formation leading to increased risk of Kidney Stones and Urinary Tract Infection. |
| Medulloblastoma | ETDF | 140,220,720,2580,193110,247590,385210,521680,657300,729340 | Most common malignant primary brain tumor in children, commonly metastasizing via spinal canal. Also see appropriate Cancer programs. |
| Meige Syndrome | ETDF | 60,410,700,830,2500,32500,305050,431200,632590,723010 | Dystonia with difficulties in mouth, jaw, tongue, and eyelid movements. |
| Melanoma Amelanotic | ETDF | 150,180,1320,2510,25680,212750,321200,545680,795610,857770 | Type of skin cancer where cells do not make melanin, making them more difficult to recognise. |
| Melanosis | ETDF | 30,120,930,7500,30000,147500,262500,315610,505680,756500 | Form of hyperpigmentation associated with increased melanin. |
| MELAS Syndrome | ETDF | 160,350,930,2500,130000,355680,419340,651100,723030,868430 | Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes. Genetic disorder affecting brain/CNS and muscles. |
| Melatonin | XTRA | 3716.512 | Experimental - based on molar weight. Hormone regulating circadian rhythms, especially sleep. |
| Melioidosis | ETDF | 30,500,900,13610,37500,117500,255610,497500,715700,842060 | Infectious disease due to Burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly Pseudomonas pseudomallei) causing pain in chest, bones, or joints; cough; skin infections, lung nodules and pneumonia. Closely related to Pseudomonas Mallei - see Glanders, Farcy, Pseudomonas Mallei, and Mallei. Encyclopedia Entry for Melioidosis : Melioidosis - Whitmore's disease- Burkholderia pseudomallei (used to be called Pseudomonas pseudomallei; G- rod: aerobic) Encyclopedia Entry for Melioidosis : Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease). Source of disease: Burkholderia pseudomallei |
| Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome | ETDF | 140,220,700,6210,102500,247500,372500,505610,625680,956160 | Rare neurological disorder with recurring facial paralysis, swelling of face and lips, and folds and furrows in tongue. |
| Melorheostosis | ETDF | 40,260,750,12050,177500,252500,385000,404920,625610,853720 | Developmental disorder and mesenchymal dysplasia in which the bony cortex widens and becomes very dense. |
| Memory and Test-taking Improve | XTRA | 398 | Taking good notes, and correctly utilizing your notes, is one of the most effective strategies for improving test performance. For those looking to improve their memory and reduce anxiety before a test, these study hacks are sure to do the trick. From putting your notes on paper and reading aloud to studying with a group and blocking distracting websites, these are tactics that anyone can use. Mind |
| Memory Long-term | XTRA | 6 | Other use: unwillingness to work. Mind |
| Memory Reading Spelling Improve | XTRA | 10,18 | Improve your mental ability to read and spell |
| Meniere's 1 | CAFL | 8.8,8.9,9 | Auditory vertigo associated with deafness and tinnitus. See Deafness, Otitis, and Tinnitus programs. Use General Antiseptic. |
| Meniere's Disease | CAFL | 1550,802,880,787,727,465,428,33,329,5000,1130,782,9 | Auditory vertigo associated with deafness and tinnitus. See Deafness, Otitis, and Tinnitus programs. Use General Antiseptic. Ear |
| Meniere's Disease | ETDF | 110,350,12800,88500,125680,240000,470000,592500,625230,723010 | Auditory vertigo associated with deafness and tinnitus. See Deafness, Otitis, and Tinnitus programs. Use General Antiseptic. |
| Meniere's Disease 1 | CAFL | 9,329,428,465,727,782,787,802,808,1130,1550,5000 | Auditory vertigo associated with deafness and tinnitus. See Deafness, Otitis, and Tinnitus programs. Use General Antiseptic. Ear |
| Meningioma | CAFL | 446,535,537 | Benign, slow-growing tumor of meningeal membranes enveloping brain and spinal cord. Nerve |
| Meningioma | ETDF | 100,410,870,5500,130000,255610,362000,492680,597500,654370 | Benign, slow-growing tumor of meningeal membranes enveloping brain and spinal cord. |
| Meningioma | VEGA | 535 | Benign, slow-growing tumor of meningeal membranes enveloping brain and spinal cord. |
| Meningitis | CAFL | 5000,1422,1044,822,764,733,720,517,423,322,20 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. Brain Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis, aseptic - Coxsackie A and B (Picornavirus: Enterovirus), Echovirus (Picornavirus: Enterovirus), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Arenavirus), HSV-2 (Herpesvirus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Acid-fast) Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis, bacterial - Neisseria meningitidis (G- cocci), Haemophilus influenzae (G- rod: facultative-straight: respiratory pathogens), Listeria monocytogenes (G+ rod: non-sporulating: non-filamentous), Streptoccoccus pneumoniae (G+ cocci), Group B streptococcus (G+ cocci) Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - cryptococcal. In most cases, CM is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This fungus is found in soil around the world. Cryptococcus gattii can also cause meningitis. CM most often affects people with a weakened immune system, including people with: AIDS Cirrhosis (a type of liver disease) Diabetes Leukemia Lymphoma Sarcoidosis An organ transplant It is rare in people who have a normal immune system and no long-term health problems. This form of meningitis starts slowly, over a few days to a few weeks. Symptoms may include: Fever Hallucinations Headache Mental status change (confusion) Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light Stiff neck. Your health care provider will examine you. You will likely have a: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status change Stiff neck A lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is used to diagnose meningitis. In this test, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is removed from your spine and tested. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray Cryptococcal antigen in CSF or blood, to look for antibodies CSF examination for cell count, glucose, and protein CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antifungal medicines are used to treat this form of meningitis. Intravenous (IV, through a vein) therapy with amphotericin B is the most common treatment. It is often combined with an oral antifungal medicine called 5-flucytosine. Another oral drug, fluconazole, in high doses may also be effective. If needed, it will be prescribed later. People who recover from CM need long-term medicine to prevent the infection from coming back. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, will also need long-term treatment to improve their immune system. These complications may occur from this infection: Brain damage Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (excessive CSF in the brain) Seizures Amphotericin B can have side effects such as: Nausea and vomiting Fever and chills Joint and muscles aches Kidney damage. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Call your local emergency number or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has these symptoms: Feeding difficulties High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever. Cryptococcal meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Kauffman CA. Cryptococcosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - gram-negative. Acute bacterial meningitis can be caused by different Gram-negative bacteria including meningococcal and H influenzae. This article covers Gram-negative meningitis caused by the following bacteria: Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marsescens Gram-negative meningitis is more common in infants than adults. But it can also occur in adults, especially those with one or more risk factors. Risk factors in adults and children include: Infection Recent brain surgery Recent injury to the head Spinal abnormalities Spinal fluid shunt placement after brain surgery Urinary tract abnormalities Urinary tract infection Weakened immune system. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Symptoms of a bladder, kidney, intestine, or lung infection Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime are the most commonly used antibiotics for this type of meningitis. Other antibiotics may be given, depending on the type of bacteria. If you have a spinal shunt, it may be removed. The earlier treatment is started, the better the outcome. Many people recover completely. But, many people have permanent brain damage or die of this type of meningitis. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. How well you do depends on: Your age How soon treatment is started Your overall health. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Prompt treatment of related infections may reduce the risk of meningitis. Gram-negative meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - H. influenzae. H. influenzae meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. This illness is not the same as the flu ( influenza ), which is caused by a virus. Before the Hib vaccine, H. influenzae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under age 5. Since the vaccine became available in the United States, this type of meningitis occurs much less often in children. H. influenzae meningitis may occur after an upper respiratory infection. The infection usually spreads from the lungs and airways to the blood, then the brain area. Risk factors include: Attending day care Cancer Ear infection ( otitis media ) with H. influenzae infection Family member with an H. influenzae infection Native American race Pregnancy Older age Sinus infection ( sinusitis ) Sore throat ( pharyngitis ) Upper respiratory infection Weakened immune system. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Other symptoms that can occur include: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding and irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the doctor thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is done to take a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antibiotics will be given as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Ampicillin may sometimes be used. Corticosteroids may be used to fight inflammation, especially in children. Unvaccinated people who are in close contact with someone who has H. influenzae meningitis should be given antibiotics to prevent infection. Such people include: Household members Roommates in dormitories Those who come into close contact with an infected person. This is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. The sooner it is treated, the better the chance for recovery. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Infants and young children can be protected with the Hib vaccine. Close contacts in the same household, school, or day care center should be watched for early signs of the disease as soon as the first person is diagnosed. All unvaccinated family members and close contacts of this person should begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to prevent spread of the infection. Ask your provider about antibiotics during the first visit. Always use good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after changing a diaper, and after using the bathroom. H. influenzae meningitis; H. flu meningitis; Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - meningococcal. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (also known as meningococcus). Meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and teens. It is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. The infection occurs more often in winter or spring. It may cause local epidemics at boarding schools, college dormitories, or military bases. Risk factors include recent exposure to someone with meningococcal meningitis and a recent upper respiratory infection. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Purple, bruise-like areas ( purpura ) Rash , pinpoint red spots ( petechiae ) Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonus ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head White blood cell (WBC) count Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Penicillin in high doses is almost always effective. If there is an allergy to penicillin, chloramphenicol may be used. Sometimes, corticosteroids are given to children. People in close contact with someone who has meningococcal meningitis should be given antibiotics to prevent infection. Such people include: Household members Roommates in dormitories Those who come into close and long-term contact with an infected person. Early treatment improves the outcome. Death is possible. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk of death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling) Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Inflammation of the heart muscle ( myocarditis ) Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding difficulties High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Close contacts in the same household, school, or day care center should be watched for early signs of the disease as soon as the first person is diagnosed. All family and close contacts of this person should begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to prevent spread of the infection. Ask your provider about this during the first visit. Always use good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after changing a diaper or after using the bathroom. Vaccines for meningococcus are effective for controlling spread. They are currently recommended for: Adolescents College students in their first year living in dormitories Military recruits Travelers to certain parts of the world. Meningococcal meningitis; Gram negative - meningococcus. Meningococcal lesions on the back Meningococcal lesions on the back Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - pneumococcal. Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria (also called pneumococcus, or S pneumoniae ). This type of bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. It is the second most common cause of meningitis in children older than age 2. Risk factors include: Alcohol use Diabetes History of meningitis Infection of a heart valve with S pneumoniae Injury or trauma to the head Meningitis in which there is leakage of spinal fluid Recent ear infection with S pneumoniae Recent pneumonia with S pneumoniae Recent upper respiratory infection Spleen removal or a spleen that does not function. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ) Pneumococcal meningitis is an important cause of fever in infants. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. If the antibiotic is not working and the provider suspects antibiotic resistance, vancomycin or rifampin are used. Sometimes, corticosteroids are used, especially in children. This is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. The sooner it is treated, the better the chance for recovery. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Early treatment of pneumonia and ear infections caused by pneumococcus may decrease the risk of meningitis. There are also two effective vaccines available to prevent pneumococcus infection. The following people should be vaccinated, according to current recommendations: Children Adults age 65 and older People at high risk for pneumococcus infection. Pneumococcal meningitis; Pneumococcus - meningitis. Pneumococci organism Pneumococci organism Pneumococcal pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia. Tunkel AR, Van de Beek D, Scheld WM. Acute meningitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - staphylococcal. Staphylococcal meningitis is caused by staphylococcus bacteria. When it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, it usually develops as a complication of surgery or as an infection that spreads through the blood from another site. Risk factors include: Infections of heart valves Past infection of the brain Past meningitis due to spinal fluid shunts Recent brain surgery Spinal fluid shunt Trauma. Symptoms may come on quickly, and include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and risk factors. If the doctor thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. If you have a spinal fluid shunt, the sample may be taken from this instead. Tests may include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Vancomycin is the first choice for suspected staphylococcal meningitis. Nafcillin is sometimes used instead. Often, treatment will include a search for, and removal of, possible sources of bacteria in the body. These include shunts or artificial heart valves. Early treatment improves the outcome. However, some people do not survive. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Staphylococcal meningitis often improves more quickly, with fewer complications, if the source of the infection is removed. The source may include shunts, hardware in joints, or artificial heart valves. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures Staph infection in another area of the body. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. In high-risk people, taking preventive antibiotics before diagnostic or surgical procedures may help reduce the risk. Discuss this with your doctor. Staphylococcal meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - tuberculous. Tuberculous meningitis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis ( TB ). The bacteria spread to the brain and spine from another place in the body, usually the lung. Tuberculous meningitis is very rare in the United States. Most cases are people who traveled to the United States from other countries where TB is common. People who have the following have a higher chance of developing tuberculous meningitis: HIV/AIDS Drink alcohol in excess TB of the lung Weakened immune system. The symptoms often start slowly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Other symptoms that can occur with this disease may include: Agitation Bulging fontanelles (soft spots) in babies Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backward ( opisthotonos ). This is usually found in infants. . The health care provider will examine you. This will usually show that you have the following: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck A lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is an important test in diagnosing meningitis. It is done to collect a sample of spinal fluid for examination. More than one sample may be needed to make the diagnosis. Other tests that may be done include: Biopsy of the brain or meninges Blood culture Chest x-ray CSF examination for cell count, glucose, and protein CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CSF Skin test for TB ( PPD ) Other tests to look for TB. You will be given several medicines to fight the TB bacteria. Sometimes, treatment is started even if your provider thinks you have the disease, but testing has not confirmed it yet. Treatment usually lasts for at least 12 months. Medicines called corticosteroids may also be used. Tuberculous meningitis is life threatening if untreated. Long-term follow-up is needed to detect repeated infections (recurrences). Untreated, the disease can cause any of the following: Brain damage Build-up of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling) Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Treating people who have signs of a non-active (dormant) TB infection can prevent its spread. A PPD test and other TB tests can be done to tell if you have this type of infection. Some countries with a high incidence of TB give people a vaccine called BCG to prevent TB. But, the effectiveness of this vaccine is limited, and it is not usually used in the United States. The BCG vaccine may help prevent severe forms of TB, such as meningitis, in very young children who live in areas where the disease is common. Tubercular meningitis; TB meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Anderson NC, Koshy AA, Roos KL. Bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases of the nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis. The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections. These infections usually get better without treatment. But, bacterial meningitis infections are very serious. They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated. Meningitis may also be caused by: Chemical irritation Drug allergies Fungi Parasites Tumors Many types of viruses can cause meningitis: Enteroviruses: These are viruses that also can cause intestinal illness. Herpes viruses: These are the same viruses that can cause cold sores and genital herpes. However, people with cold sores or genital herpes do not have a higher chance of developing herpes meningitis. Mumps and HIV viruses can cause aseptic meningitis. West Nile virus : This virus is spread by mosquito bites and has become a cause of viral meningitis in most of the United States. Viral meningitis occurs more often than bacterial meningitis, and is milder. It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall. It most often affects children and adults under age 30. Symptoms may include: Headache Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Slight fever Fatigue Bacterial meningitis is an emergency. You will need immediate treatment in a hospital. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills, especially in newborns and children Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in babies Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backward ( opisthotonos ) You cannot tell if you have bacterial or viral meningitis by how you feel. Your health care provider must find out the cause. Go to the hospital emergency department right away if you think you have symptoms of meningitis. Your provider will examine you. This may show: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck If the provider thinks you have meningitis, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) should be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis. Antibiotics do not treat viral meningitis. But antiviral medicine may be given to those with herpes meningitis. Other treatments will include: Fluids through a vein (IV) Medicines to treat symptoms, such as brain swelling, shock , and seizures. Early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis is essential to prevent permanent neurological damage. Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms should disappear within 2 weeks with no lasting complications. Without prompt treatment, meningitis may result in the following: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Hearing loss Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Seizures Death. If you think that you or your child has symptoms of meningitis, get emergency medical help immediately. Early treatment is key to a good outcome. Certain vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis: Haemophilus vaccine ( HiB vaccine ) given to children helps Pneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adults Meningococcal vaccines is given to children and adults ; some communities hold vaccination campaigns after an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis. Household members and others in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent becoming infected. Meningitis - bacterial; Meningitis - viral; Meningitis - fungal; Meningitis - vaccine. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge. Brudzinski Brudzinski's sign of meningitis Kernig Kernig's sign of meningitis Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Meninges of the brain Meninges of the brain Meninges of the spine Meninges of the spine Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis: Meningitis, often known as spinal meningitis, is an infection of the spinal cord. It is usually the result of a viral or bacterial infection. Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral meningitis and may cause brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. An estimated 1.2 million cases of bacterial meningitis occur every year, over a tenth of which are fatal. Symptoms include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, delirium, photophobia, and a stiff neck. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis. Source of disease: multiple |
| Meningitis | VEGA | 322,822,1044,1422 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis, aseptic - Coxsackie A and B (Picornavirus: Enterovirus), Echovirus (Picornavirus: Enterovirus), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Arenavirus), HSV-2 (Herpesvirus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Acid-fast) Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis, bacterial - Neisseria meningitidis (G- cocci), Haemophilus influenzae (G- rod: facultative-straight: respiratory pathogens), Listeria monocytogenes (G+ rod: non-sporulating: non-filamentous), Streptoccoccus pneumoniae (G+ cocci), Group B streptococcus (G+ cocci) Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - cryptococcal. In most cases, CM is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This fungus is found in soil around the world. Cryptococcus gattii can also cause meningitis. CM most often affects people with a weakened immune system, including people with: AIDS Cirrhosis (a type of liver disease) Diabetes Leukemia Lymphoma Sarcoidosis An organ transplant It is rare in people who have a normal immune system and no long-term health problems. This form of meningitis starts slowly, over a few days to a few weeks. Symptoms may include: Fever Hallucinations Headache Mental status change (confusion) Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light Stiff neck. Your health care provider will examine you. You will likely have a: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status change Stiff neck A lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is used to diagnose meningitis. In this test, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is removed from your spine and tested. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray Cryptococcal antigen in CSF or blood, to look for antibodies CSF examination for cell count, glucose, and protein CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antifungal medicines are used to treat this form of meningitis. Intravenous (IV, through a vein) therapy with amphotericin B is the most common treatment. It is often combined with an oral antifungal medicine called 5-flucytosine. Another oral drug, fluconazole, in high doses may also be effective. If needed, it will be prescribed later. People who recover from CM need long-term medicine to prevent the infection from coming back. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, will also need long-term treatment to improve their immune system. These complications may occur from this infection: Brain damage Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (excessive CSF in the brain) Seizures Amphotericin B can have side effects such as: Nausea and vomiting Fever and chills Joint and muscles aches Kidney damage. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Call your local emergency number or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has these symptoms: Feeding difficulties High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever. Cryptococcal meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Kauffman CA. Cryptococcosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - gram-negative. Acute bacterial meningitis can be caused by different Gram-negative bacteria including meningococcal and H influenzae. This article covers Gram-negative meningitis caused by the following bacteria: Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marsescens Gram-negative meningitis is more common in infants than adults. But it can also occur in adults, especially those with one or more risk factors. Risk factors in adults and children include: Infection Recent brain surgery Recent injury to the head Spinal abnormalities Spinal fluid shunt placement after brain surgery Urinary tract abnormalities Urinary tract infection Weakened immune system. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Symptoms of a bladder, kidney, intestine, or lung infection Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime are the most commonly used antibiotics for this type of meningitis. Other antibiotics may be given, depending on the type of bacteria. If you have a spinal shunt, it may be removed. The earlier treatment is started, the better the outcome. Many people recover completely. But, many people have permanent brain damage or die of this type of meningitis. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. How well you do depends on: Your age How soon treatment is started Your overall health. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Prompt treatment of related infections may reduce the risk of meningitis. Gram-negative meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - H. influenzae. H. influenzae meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. This illness is not the same as the flu ( influenza ), which is caused by a virus. Before the Hib vaccine, H. influenzae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under age 5. Since the vaccine became available in the United States, this type of meningitis occurs much less often in children. H. influenzae meningitis may occur after an upper respiratory infection. The infection usually spreads from the lungs and airways to the blood, then the brain area. Risk factors include: Attending day care Cancer Ear infection ( otitis media ) with H. influenzae infection Family member with an H. influenzae infection Native American race Pregnancy Older age Sinus infection ( sinusitis ) Sore throat ( pharyngitis ) Upper respiratory infection Weakened immune system. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Other symptoms that can occur include: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding and irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the doctor thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is done to take a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antibiotics will be given as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Ampicillin may sometimes be used. Corticosteroids may be used to fight inflammation, especially in children. Unvaccinated people who are in close contact with someone who has H. influenzae meningitis should be given antibiotics to prevent infection. Such people include: Household members Roommates in dormitories Those who come into close contact with an infected person. This is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. The sooner it is treated, the better the chance for recovery. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Infants and young children can be protected with the Hib vaccine. Close contacts in the same household, school, or day care center should be watched for early signs of the disease as soon as the first person is diagnosed. All unvaccinated family members and close contacts of this person should begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to prevent spread of the infection. Ask your provider about antibiotics during the first visit. Always use good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after changing a diaper, and after using the bathroom. H. influenzae meningitis; H. flu meningitis; Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - meningococcal. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (also known as meningococcus). Meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and teens. It is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. The infection occurs more often in winter or spring. It may cause local epidemics at boarding schools, college dormitories, or military bases. Risk factors include recent exposure to someone with meningococcal meningitis and a recent upper respiratory infection. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Purple, bruise-like areas ( purpura ) Rash , pinpoint red spots ( petechiae ) Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonus ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head White blood cell (WBC) count Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Penicillin in high doses is almost always effective. If there is an allergy to penicillin, chloramphenicol may be used. Sometimes, corticosteroids are given to children. People in close contact with someone who has meningococcal meningitis should be given antibiotics to prevent infection. Such people include: Household members Roommates in dormitories Those who come into close and long-term contact with an infected person. Early treatment improves the outcome. Death is possible. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk of death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling) Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Inflammation of the heart muscle ( myocarditis ) Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding difficulties High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Close contacts in the same household, school, or day care center should be watched for early signs of the disease as soon as the first person is diagnosed. All family and close contacts of this person should begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to prevent spread of the infection. Ask your provider about this during the first visit. Always use good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after changing a diaper or after using the bathroom. Vaccines for meningococcus are effective for controlling spread. They are currently recommended for: Adolescents College students in their first year living in dormitories Military recruits Travelers to certain parts of the world. Meningococcal meningitis; Gram negative - meningococcus. Meningococcal lesions on the back Meningococcal lesions on the back Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CSF cell count CSF cell count. Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - pneumococcal. Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria (also called pneumococcus, or S pneumoniae ). This type of bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. It is the second most common cause of meningitis in children older than age 2. Risk factors include: Alcohol use Diabetes History of meningitis Infection of a heart valve with S pneumoniae Injury or trauma to the head Meningitis in which there is leakage of spinal fluid Recent ear infection with S pneumoniae Recent pneumonia with S pneumoniae Recent upper respiratory infection Spleen removal or a spleen that does not function. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ) Pneumococcal meningitis is an important cause of fever in infants. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and possible exposure to someone who might have the same symptoms, such as a stiff neck and fever. If the provider thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) will likely be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. If the antibiotic is not working and the provider suspects antibiotic resistance, vancomycin or rifampin are used. Sometimes, corticosteroids are used, especially in children. This is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. The sooner it is treated, the better the chance for recovery. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Early treatment of pneumonia and ear infections caused by pneumococcus may decrease the risk of meningitis. There are also two effective vaccines available to prevent pneumococcus infection. The following people should be vaccinated, according to current recommendations: Children Adults age 65 and older People at high risk for pneumococcus infection. Pneumococcal meningitis; Pneumococcus - meningitis. Pneumococci organism Pneumococci organism Pneumococcal pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia. Tunkel AR, Van de Beek D, Scheld WM. Acute meningitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - staphylococcal. Staphylococcal meningitis is caused by staphylococcus bacteria. When it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, it usually develops as a complication of surgery or as an infection that spreads through the blood from another site. Risk factors include: Infections of heart valves Past infection of the brain Past meningitis due to spinal fluid shunts Recent brain surgery Spinal fluid shunt Trauma. Symptoms may come on quickly, and include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos ). The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Questions will focus on symptoms and risk factors. If the doctor thinks meningitis is possible, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is done to remove a sample of spinal fluid for testing. If you have a spinal fluid shunt, the sample may be taken from this instead. Tests may include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF. Antibiotics will be started as soon as possible. Vancomycin is the first choice for suspected staphylococcal meningitis. Nafcillin is sometimes used instead. Often, treatment will include a search for, and removal of, possible sources of bacteria in the body. These include shunts or artificial heart valves. Early treatment improves the outcome. However, some people do not survive. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death. Staphylococcal meningitis often improves more quickly, with fewer complications, if the source of the infection is removed. The source may include shunts, hardware in joints, or artificial heart valves. Long-term complications may include: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Hearing loss Seizures Staph infection in another area of the body. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent, unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. In high-risk people, taking preventive antibiotics before diagnostic or surgical procedures may help reduce the risk. Discuss this with your doctor. Staphylococcal meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis - tuberculous. Tuberculous meningitis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis ( TB ). The bacteria spread to the brain and spine from another place in the body, usually the lung. Tuberculous meningitis is very rare in the United States. Most cases are people who traveled to the United States from other countries where TB is common. People who have the following have a higher chance of developing tuberculous meningitis: HIV/AIDS Drink alcohol in excess TB of the lung Weakened immune system. The symptoms often start slowly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Other symptoms that can occur with this disease may include: Agitation Bulging fontanelles (soft spots) in babies Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backward ( opisthotonos ). This is usually found in infants. . The health care provider will examine you. This will usually show that you have the following: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck A lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) is an important test in diagnosing meningitis. It is done to collect a sample of spinal fluid for examination. More than one sample may be needed to make the diagnosis. Other tests that may be done include: Biopsy of the brain or meninges Blood culture Chest x-ray CSF examination for cell count, glucose, and protein CT scan of the head Gram stain, other special stains, and culture of CSF Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CSF Skin test for TB ( PPD ) Other tests to look for TB. You will be given several medicines to fight the TB bacteria. Sometimes, treatment is started even if your provider thinks you have the disease, but testing has not confirmed it yet. Treatment usually lasts for at least 12 months. Medicines called corticosteroids may also be used. Tuberculous meningitis is life threatening if untreated. Long-term follow-up is needed to detect repeated infections (recurrences). Untreated, the disease can cause any of the following: Brain damage Build-up of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Hearing loss Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling) Seizures. Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms: Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained fever Call the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness. Treating people who have signs of a non-active (dormant) TB infection can prevent its spread. A PPD test and other TB tests can be done to tell if you have this type of infection. Some countries with a high incidence of TB give people a vaccine called BCG to prevent TB. But, the effectiveness of this vaccine is limited, and it is not usually used in the United States. The BCG vaccine may help prevent severe forms of TB, such as meningitis, in very young children who live in areas where the disease is common. Tubercular meningitis; TB meningitis. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Anderson NC, Koshy AA, Roos KL. Bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases of the nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis. The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections. These infections usually get better without treatment. But, bacterial meningitis infections are very serious. They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated. Meningitis may also be caused by: Chemical irritation Drug allergies Fungi Parasites Tumors Many types of viruses can cause meningitis: Enteroviruses: These are viruses that also can cause intestinal illness. Herpes viruses: These are the same viruses that can cause cold sores and genital herpes. However, people with cold sores or genital herpes do not have a higher chance of developing herpes meningitis. Mumps and HIV viruses can cause aseptic meningitis. West Nile virus : This virus is spread by mosquito bites and has become a cause of viral meningitis in most of the United States. Viral meningitis occurs more often than bacterial meningitis, and is milder. It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall. It most often affects children and adults under age 30. Symptoms may include: Headache Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Slight fever Fatigue Bacterial meningitis is an emergency. You will need immediate treatment in a hospital. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills, especially in newborns and children Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in babies Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backward ( opisthotonos ) You cannot tell if you have bacterial or viral meningitis by how you feel. Your health care provider must find out the cause. Go to the hospital emergency department right away if you think you have symptoms of meningitis. Your provider will examine you. This may show: Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck If the provider thinks you have meningitis, a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ) should be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing. Other tests that may be done include: Blood culture Chest x-ray CT scan of the head. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis. Antibiotics do not treat viral meningitis. But antiviral medicine may be given to those with herpes meningitis. Other treatments will include: Fluids through a vein (IV) Medicines to treat symptoms, such as brain swelling, shock , and seizures. Early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis is essential to prevent permanent neurological damage. Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms should disappear within 2 weeks with no lasting complications. Without prompt treatment, meningitis may result in the following: Brain damage Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain ( subdural effusion ) Hearing loss Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ( hydrocephalus ) Seizures Death. If you think that you or your child has symptoms of meningitis, get emergency medical help immediately. Early treatment is key to a good outcome. Certain vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis: Haemophilus vaccine ( HiB vaccine ) given to children helps Pneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adults Meningococcal vaccines is given to children and adults ; some communities hold vaccination campaigns after an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis. Household members and others in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent becoming infected. Meningitis - bacterial; Meningitis - viral; Meningitis - fungal; Meningitis - vaccine. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge. Brudzinski Brudzinski's sign of meningitis Kernig Kernig's sign of meningitis Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Meninges of the brain Meninges of the brain Meninges of the spine Meninges of the spine Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism. Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis: Meningitis, often known as spinal meningitis, is an infection of the spinal cord. It is usually the result of a viral or bacterial infection. Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral meningitis and may cause brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. An estimated 1.2 million cases of bacterial meningitis occur every year, over a tenth of which are fatal. Symptoms include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, delirium, photophobia, and a stiff neck. Encyclopedia Entry for Meningitis : Meningitis. Source of disease: multiple |
| Meningitis 1 | XTRA | 130,322,423,465,507,517,660,676,677,690,727.5,733,764,822,832,1044,1422,13343.75 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. |
| Meningitis 2 | XTRA | 20,72,95,125,428,444,787,802,880,1550,1865,13343.75 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. |
| Meningitis 3 | XTRA | 20,72,95,125,428,444,465,600,625,650,660,727,787,802,832,880,1550,1865 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. |
| Meningitis 5 | XTRA | 322,733,822,1044,1422 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. Bacterial: use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. Viral: use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. |
| Meningitis Bacterial | ETDF | 120,230,930,2500,30000,155680,262100,315610,527500,725370 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to bacteria (including Lyme spirochetes). Use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Influenza Haemophilus Type B, and see Listeriose, and Leptospirosis. |
| Meningitis Secondary | CAFL | 130,676,677,507 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. |
| Meningitis Tertiary | CAFL | 1550,802,880,832,787,727,650,625,600,465,444,1865,125,95,72,20,428,660 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to viral, bacterial (including Lyme spirochetes), or other organisms. |
| Meningitis Viral | ETDF | 120,250,930,2750,30000,155680,262100,315610,527500,725370 | Acute inflammation of meningeal membranes, due to virus. Use Echo, Coxsackie, and Meningococcus programs. |
| Meningococcinum | BIO | 130,517,676,677 | Homeopathic nosode for Meningitis. |
| Meningococcinum | VEGA | 676,677,517 | Homeopathic nosode for Meningitis. |
| Meningococcus Virus | BIO | 720 | Virus infecting the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, causing Meningitis. |
| Menstrual Problems | CAFL | 880,1550,802,787,727,465,20 | Douche with plain water first. See Dysmenorrhea, and Endometriosis programs. |
| Menstruation Disturbances | ETDF | 60,530,49930,172500,287500,313980,455230,607500,811520,903540 | Also see Dysmenorrhea, and Endometriosis programs. |
| Mental Concentration | CAFL | 10000,7.82 | Attentional control refers to an individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore.It is also known as endogenous attention or executive attention. In lay terms, attentional control can be described as an individual's ability to concentrate. Mind |
| Mental Contact | XTRA | 3,582,295 | Mental Health Mind |
| Mental Disorders | CAFL | 522,146,10000,125,95,72,20,4.9,428,550,802 | General aid, especially if toxins are the cause. Use a good mineral supplement. Mind |
| Mental Function Improve | XTRA | 20.8 | Uplifting Schumann frequency. Mind |
| Mercury | XTRA | 21850 | Toxic metal element. Encyclopedia Entry for Mercury : Mercury poisoning. There are 3 different forms of mercury that cause health problems. They are: Elemental mercury, also known as liquid mercury or quicksilver Inorganic mercury salts Organic mercury. Elemental mercury can be found in: Glass thermometers Electrical switches Fluorescent light bulbs Dental fillings Some medical equipment Inorganic mercury can be found in: Batteries Chemistry labs Some disinfectants Folk remedies Red cinnabar mineral Organic mercury can be found in: Older germ-killers (antiseptics) such as red mercurochrome (merbromin) (this substance is now banned by the FDA) Fumes from burning coal Fish that have eaten a form of organic mercury called methylmercury There may be other sources of these forms of mercury. ELEMENTAL MERCURY Elemental mercury is usually harmless if it is touched or swallowed. It is so thick and slippery that it usually falls off the skin or leaves the stomach and intestines without being absorbed. A lot of damage can occur, though, if elemental mercury gets into the air in the form of small droplets that are breathed into the lungs. This often occurs by mistake when people try to vacuum up mercury that has spilled onto the ground. Breathing in enough elemental mercury will cause symptoms right away. These are called acute symptoms. Long-term symptoms will occur if small amounts are inhaled over time. These are called chronic symptoms. Chronic symptoms may include: Metallic taste in the mouth Vomiting Difficulty breathing Bad cough Swollen, bleeding gums Depending on how much mercury is inhaled, permanent lung damage and death may occur. Long-term brain damage from inhaled elemental mercury can also occur. INORGANIC MERCURY Unlike elemental mercury, inorganic mercury is usually poisonous when swallowed. Depending on how much is swallowed, symptoms may include: Burning in the stomach and throat Bloody diarrhea and vomiting If inorganic mercury enters your bloodstream, it can attack the kidneys and brain. Permanent kidney damage and kidney failure may occur. A large amount in the bloodstream may cause massive blood and fluid loss from diarrhea and kidney failure, leading to death. ORGANIC MERCURY Organic mercury can cause sickness if it is breathed in, eaten, or placed on the skin over long periods of time. Usually, organic mercury causes problems over years or decades, not right away. This means that being exposed to small amounts of organic mercury every day for years will likely cause symptoms to appear later. But, a single large exposure can also cause problems. Long-term exposure will likely cause symptoms in the nervous system, including: Numbness or pain in certain parts of your skin Uncontrollable shaking or tremor Inability to walk well Blindness and double vision Memory problems Seizures and death (with large exposures) Being exposed to large amounts of the organic mercury called methylmercury while pregnant may cause permanent brain damage in the baby. Most health care providers recommend eating less fish, especially swordfish, while pregnant. Women should talk to their provider about what they should and should not eat while pregnant. Have this information ready: Person's age, weight, and condition (for example, is the person awake and alert?) Source of the mercury Time it was swallowed, inhaled, or touched Amount swallowed, inhaled, or touched DO NOT delay calling for help if you do not know the above information. Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions. This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. General treatment for mercury exposure includes the steps just below. Treatment for exposure to different forms of mercury are given after this general information. The person should be moved away from the source of exposure. The health care provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Tests that may be done include: Blood and urine tests Chest x-ray ECG (electrocardiogram) or heart tracing Treatment may include: Activated charcoal by mouth or tube through the nose into the stomach, if mercury is swallowed Dialysis (kidney machine) Fluids through a vein (by IV) Medicine to treat symptoms The type of exposure will determine what other tests and treatments are needed. ELEMENTAL MERCURY Inhaled elemental mercury poisoning may be difficult to treat. The person may receive: Humidified oxygen or air Breathing tube into the lungs Suctioning of mercury out of the lungs Medicine to remove mercury and heavy metals from the body INORGANIC MERCURY For inorganic mercury poisoning, treatment often begins with supportive care. The person may receive: Fluids by IV (into a vein) Medicines to treat symptoms Activated charcoal, a medicine that soaks up many substances from the stomach Medicines called chelators to remove mercury from the blood ORGANIC MERCURY Treatment for exposure to organic mercury usually consists of medicines called chelators. These remove mercury from the blood and move it away from the brain and kidneys. Often, these medicines will have to be used for weeks to months. Breathing in a small amount of elemental mercury will cause very few, if any, long-term side effects. However, breathing in larger amounts can lead to a long hospital stay. Permanent lung damage is likely. There may be brain damage. Very large exposures will likely cause death. A large overdose of inorganic mercury may cause massive blood and fluid loss, kidney failure, and likely death. Chronic brain damage from organic mercury poisoning is difficult to treat. Some people never recover, but there has been some success in people who receive chelation treatment. Sue YJ. Mercury. |
| Mercury - Genitals | ALT | 2.3 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Mercury - Spleen, Blood, Emotional Impulse | ALT | 4.6 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Mercury - Upper Lip, Emotions, Conflict Resolution | ALT | 9.19 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. Other uses: Cardiac Edema, Otosclerosis. |
| Mercury 199hg | XTRA | 379.48,409.08,17409.18 | Toxic metal element. |
| Mercury 201hg | XTRA | 140.46,151.43,12888.67 | Toxic metal element. |
| Mercury Toxicity V | CAFL | 47,48,49,75 | Toxic metal element. |
| Meridians - Bladder | XTRA | 343.8 | Abbreviated as BL or UB (urinary bladder), described in Chinese as 'The Bladder channel of Foot Taiyang' |
| Meridians - Conception Vessel | XTRA | 60 | Also known as Ren, abbreviated as CV and described in Chinese as 'The Conception Vessel' |
| Meridians - Gallbladder | XTRA | 506.8 | Abbreviated as GB, described in Chinese as 'The Gallbladder channel of Foot Shaoyang'. |
| Meridians - Governing Vessel | XTRA | 100.9 | Also known as Du, abbreviated as GV and described in Chinese as 'The Governing Vessel'. |
| Meridians - Heart | XTRA | 289 | Abbreviated as HE, HT or H, described in Chinese as 'The Heart channel of Hand Shaoyin'. |
| Meridians - Kidney | XTRA | 383.7 | Abbreviated as KI or K, described in Chinese as 'The Kidney channel of Foot Shaoyin'. |
| Meridians - Large Intestine | XTRA | 4230 | Abbreviated as LI or CO (colon), described in Chinese as 'The Large Intestine channel of Hand Yangming'. |
| Meridians - Liver | XTRA | 1032 | Abbreviated as LR or LV, described in Chinese as 'The Liver channel of Foot Jueyin'. |
| Meridians - Lungs | XTRA | 2287 | Abbreviated as LU, described in Chinese as 'The Lung channel of Hand Taiyin'. |
| Meridians - Pericardium | XTRA | 477 | Abbreviated as PC or P, described in Chinese as 'The Pericardium channel of Hand Jueyin'. |
| Meridians - Small Intestine | XTRA | 316 | Other use: Otitis Medinum. |
| Meridians - Spleen | XTRA | 264.9 | Abbreviated as SP, described in Chinese as 'The Spleen channel of Foot Taiyin'. |
| Meridians - Stomach | XTRA | 126.9 | Abbreviated as ST, described in Chinese as 'The Stomach channel of Foot Yangming'. |
| Meridians - Triple Warmer | XTRA | 496 | Other use: complicated cataracts. |
| Mesothelioma | ETDF | 150,230,720,1830,82530,137510,242100,407500,592520,693200 | Rare cancer of lining of organs, most commonly lungs, usually due to asbestos exposure. Also see Cancer Malignant Mesothelioma, and Simian Virus 40. Encyclopedia Entry for Mesothelioma : Mesothelioma. Can be caused by Simian Virus 40, especially in conjunction with asbestos exposure. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Metabolic Diseases | ETDF | 130,520,2610,110390,211110,351020,405850,622280,753080,832630 | Large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of metabolism. |
| Metabolic Stress | ETDF | 140,680,2500,62420,122530,300000,496010,655200,755000,805120 | Disorder due to metabolic reaction to stress produced by events, substances, activities, worries, or the like. |
| Metabolic Syndrome X | ETDF | 110,490,570,7500,12330,190810,431330,501200,653800,825610 | Associated with obesity, raised BP, high fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low HDL, with risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Can be caused by the bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori, as well as the viruses Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus 1. |
| Metagonimus Yokogawai | HC | 437350-442100 | Tiny intestinal fluke associated with raw or undercooked fish. |
| Methemoglobinemia | ETDF | 120,350,830,2500,15230,55680,85610,92500,225680,451170 | Due to methemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin with ferric rather than ferrous iron, leading to impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Encyclopedia Entry for Methemoglobinemia : Methemoglobinemia - acquired. Acquired methemoglobinemia results from exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or foods. The condition may also be passed down through families (inherited). Blood cells Blood cells. Benz EJ, Ebert BL. Hemoglobin variants associated with hemolytic anemia, altered oxygen affinity, and methemoglobinemias. Encyclopedia Entry for Methemoglobinemia : Methemoglobinemia. MetHb condition can be: Passed down through families (inherited or congenital) Caused by exposure to certain medicines, chemicals, or foods (acquired) There are two forms of inherited MetHb. The first form is passed on by both parents. The parents usually do not have the condition themselves. They carry the gene that causes the condition. It occurs when there is a problem with an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase. There are two types of inherited MetHb: Type 1 (also called erythrocyte reductase deficiency) occurs when RBCs lack the enzyme. Type 2 (also called generalized reductase deficiency) occurs when the enzyme doesn't work in the body. The second form of inherited MetHb is called hemoglobin M disease. It is caused by defects in the hemoglobin protein itself. Only one parent needs to pass on the abnormal gene for the child to inherit the disease. Acquired MetHb is more common than the inherited forms. It occurs in some people after they are exposed to certain chemicals and medicines, including: Anesthetics such as benzocaine Nitrobenzene Certain antibiotics (including dapsone and chloroquine) Nitrites (used as additives to prevent meat from spoiling). Symptoms of type 1 MetHb include: Bluish coloring of the skin Symptoms of type 2 MetHb include: Developmental delay Failure to thrive Intellectual disability Seizures Symptoms of hemoglobin M disease include: Bluish coloring of the skin Symptoms of acquired MetHb include: Bluish coloring of the skin Headache Giddiness Altered mental state Fatigue Shortness of breath Lack of energy. A baby with this condition will have a bluish skin color (cyanosis) at birth or shortly afterward. The health care provider will perform blood tests to diagnose the condition. Tests may include: Checking the oxygen level in the blood (pulse oximetry) Blood test to check levels of gases in the blood ( arterial blood gas analysis ). People with hemoglobin M disease don't have symptoms. So, they may not need treatment. A medicine called methylene blue is used to treat severe MetHb. Methylene blue may be unsafe in people who have or may be at risk for a blood disease called G6PD deficiency. They should not take this medicine. If you or your child has G6PD deficiency, always tell your provider before getting treatment. Ascorbic acid may also be used to reduce the level of methemoglobin. Alternative treatments include hyperbaric oxygen therapy , red blood cell transfusion and exchange transfusions. In most cases of mild acquired MetHb, no treatment is needed. But you should avoid the medicine or chemical that caused the problem. Severe cases may need a blood transfusion. People with type 1 MetHb and hemoglobin M disease often do well. Type 2 MetHb is more serious. It often causes death within the first few years of life. People with acquired MetHb often do very well once the medicine, food, or chemical that caused the problem is identified and avoided. Complications of MetHb include: Shock Seizures Death. Call your provider if you: Have a family history of MetHb Develop symptoms of this disorder Call your provider or emergency services (911) right away if you have severe shortness of breath. Genetic counseling is suggested for couples with a family history of MetHb and are considering having children. Babies 6 months or younger are more likely to develop methemoglobinemia. Therefore, homemade baby food purees made from vegetables containing high levels of natural nitrates, such as carrots, beetroots, or spinach should be avoided. Hemoglobin M disease; Erythrocyte reductase deficiency; Generalized reductase deficiency; MetHb. Blood cells Blood cells. Benz EJ, Ebert BL. Hemoglobin variants associated with hemolytic anemia, altered oxygen affinity, and methemoglobinemias. |
| Mickie's Magic Three | XTRA | 324,528,15 | From Bruce Stenulson. Reputed to help arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, muscle spasms and more. |
| Microcephaly | ETDF | 80,410,800,5250,42500,117500,272500,395680,725000,956500 | Neurodevelopmental disorder where a child's skull growth fails to keep up with the rest of the skeleton, with many different causes. Encyclopedia Entry for Microcephaly : Microcephaly. Microcephaly most often occurs because the brain does not grow at a normal rate. The growth of the skull is determined by brain growth. Brain growth takes place while a baby is in the womb and during infancy. Conditions that affect brain growth can cause smaller than normal head size. These include infections, genetic disorders, and severe malnutrition. Genetic conditions that cause microcephaly include: Cornelia de Lange syndrome Cri du chat syndrome Down syndrome Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Seckel syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 Other problems that may lead to microcephaly include: Uncontrolled phenylketonuria (PKU) in the mother Methylmercury poisoning Congenital rubella Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) Use of certain drugs during pregnancy, especially alcohol and phenytoin Becoming infected with the Zika virus while pregnant can also cause microcephaly. The Zika virus is present in Brazil and other parts of South America, along with Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Most often, microcephaly is diagnosed at birth or during routine well-baby exams. Talk to your health care provider if you think your infant's head size is too small or not growing normally. Call your provider if you or your partner has been to an area where Zika is present and you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. Most of the time, microcephaly is discovered during a routine exam. Head measurements are part of all well-baby exams for the first 18 months. Tests take only a few seconds while the measuring tape is placed around the infant's head. The provider will keep a record over time to determine: What is the head circumference? Is the head growing at a slower rate than the body? What other symptoms are there? It may also be helpful to keep your own records of your baby's growth. Talk to your provider if you notice that the baby's head growth seems to be slowing down. If your provider diagnoses your child with microcephaly, you should note it in your child's personal medical records. Skull of a newborn Skull of a newborn Microcephaly Microcephaly Ultrasound, normal fetus - ventricles of brain Ultrasound, normal fetus - ventricles of brain. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Zika virus. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. Updated November 9, 2017. Accessed November 12, 2017. Johansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. Zika and the risk of microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):1-4. PMID: 27222919 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222919. Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. |
| Microphthalmos | ETDF | 140,250,900,2500,57500,132500,365610,426160,675680,897000 | Developmental disorder where one or both eyes are abnormally small with anatomical malformations. |
| Microsporum Audouini | BIO | 422,831,1222 | Fungus commonly causing Ringworm of the scalp. See Parasites General program. |
| Microsporum Audouini | CAFL | 422,831,1222,285 | Fungus which commonly causes Ringworm of the scalp and other areas. See Parasites General program. Skin |
| Microsporum Canis | VEGA | 1644 | Fungus which infects the scalp. |
| Microvascular Angina | ETDF | 70,230,850,35230,63020,125030,235680,396500,575610,751770 | Type of coronary heart disease that affects the arterioles and capillaries. Can be caused by Herpes Simplex virus 1 and the bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae. |
| Migraine Disorders | ETDF | 150,180,2320,63750,72300,132200,220300,587300,722520,915200 | Also use Parasites Strongyloides, and Parasites General programs. |
| Miller Fisher Syndrome | ETDF | 30,120,930,7500,132310,247520,362540,596520,695610,819340 | Subtype of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, usually without limb weakness. |
| Minerals - Boron | XTRA | 320 | Retains calcium & magnesium in bones, converts Vitamin D, aiding calcium absorption. |
| Minerals - Cesium | XTRA | 440 | Provides pH balance. |
| Minerals - Chromium | XTRA | 384 | Insulin, glucose and lipids, regulation of nerve impulse transmission, serotonin, controls blood sugar levels, diabetes helper. |
| Minerals - Copper | XTRA | 464 | Hemoglobin, enzyme reactions, cholestrol regulation, thyroid and liver functions. |
| Minerals - Gold | XTRA | 316 | Brain function, vitality, longevity, restful sleep. |
| Minerals - Iodine 1 | XTRA | 424 | Primary thyroid hormone. |
| Minerals - Iodine 2 | XTRA | 53,20.007,425.89,459.12 | Helps clear 6th and 5th chakra blocks. |
| Minerals - Iron | XTRA | 416 | Oxygen to cells, circulation, digestion, elimination, respiration, tissue oxidation, liver, hemoglobin, immunological response. |
| Minerals - Manganese | XTRA | 400 | Brain, bone, tyroxin (thyroid), collagen, intestinal tract, laryngeal, liver, ovaries, generative organs. |
| Minerals - Molybdenum | XTRA | 336 | Molybdenum. |
| Minerals - Phosphorus | XTRA | 480 | Phosphate source to manage energy, synthesize protein, fat, carbohydrates, contracts muscle (heart), hormone production, and Vitamin B utilization. |
| Minerals - Platinum | XTRA | 312 | Bacteria, viruses, fungi. |
| Minerals - Potassium | XTRA | 304 | Alkalizer, electrolyte, kidney, cellular, energy. |
| Minerals - Rhodium | XTRA | 45,3.172,67.52,72.79 | Thymus regeneration. |
| Minerals - Selenium | XTRA | 272 | Antioxidant, heart health. |
| Minerals - Silica | XTRA | 448 | Formation of collagen in bone, cartilage and connective tissue. |
| Minerals - Silver | XTRA | 376 | Antibiotic. |
| Minerals - Sodium | XTRA | 352 | Sodium. |
| Minerals - Sulfur | XTRA | 256 | Liver, bile, skin, wounds. Also spelled sulphur. |
| Minerals - Vanadium | XTRA | 368 | Healthy glucose, lipid metabolism, prevention of tooth decay, diabetes helper. |
| Minerals - Zinc 2 | XTRA | 30,6.254,133.13,143.52 | Helps harmonize body, mind, spirit. |
| Miraculous Windfall of Money | XTRA | 520 | Get more money Mind |
| Miscellaneous diseases | PROV | 43351830,43351850,43351855,43351870 | From Patent US 6,321,120 B1 |
| Mite Follicle | XTRA | 21312.5,1690.5 | Demodex. Also see Follicular Mange, and Mange programs. |
| Mite Infestations | ETDF | 50,6240,30780,129970,321530,565680,615220,705680,892500,952170 | Mite Infestation, also known as mite infestations, is related to scabies and demodicidosis. An important gene associated with Mite Infestation is CFTR (CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator). |
| Mitral Stenosis | ETDF | 40,240,62230,135000,235510,340040,405620,592520,654320,779500 | Narrowing of the heart's mitral valve. Use with caution. Encyclopedia Entry for Mitral Stenosis : Mitral stenosis. Blood that flows between different chambers of your heart must flow through a valve. The valve between the 2 chambers on the left side of your heart is called the mitral valve. It opens up enough so that blood can flow from the upper chamber of your heart (left atria) to the lower chamber (left ventricle). It then closes, keeping blood from flowing backwards. Mitral stenosis means that the valve cannot open enough. As a result, less blood flows to the body. The upper heart chamber swells as pressure builds up. Blood and fluid may then collect in the lung tissue (pulmonary edema), making it hard to breathe. In adults, mitral stenosis occurs most often in people who have had rheumatic fever. This is a disease that can develop after an illness with strep throat that was not properly treated. The valve problems develop 5 to 10 years or more after having rheumatic fever. Symptoms may not show up for even longer. Rheumatic fever is becoming rare in the United States because strep infections are most often treated. This has made mitral stenosis less common. Rarely, other factors can cause mitral stenosis in adults. These include: Calcium deposits forming around the mitral valve Radiation treatment to the chest Some medicines Children may be born with mitral stenosis (congenital) or other birth defects involving the heart that cause mitral stenosis. Often, there are other heart defects present along with the mitral stenosis. Mitral stenosis may run in families. Adults may have no symptoms. However, symptoms may appear or get worse with exercise or other activity that raises the heart rate. Symptoms will most often develop between ages 20 and 50. Symptoms may begin with an episode of atrial fibrillation (especially if it causes a fast heart rate). Symptoms may also be triggered by pregnancy or other stress on the body, such as infection in the heart or lungs, or other heart disorders. Symptoms may include: Chest discomfort that increases with activity and extends to the arm, neck, jaw or other areas (this is rare) Cough, possibly with bloody phlegm Difficulty breathing during or after exercise (This is the most common symptom.) Waking up due to breathing problems or when lying in a flat position Fatigue Frequent respiratory infections, such as bronchitis Feeling of pounding heart beat (palpitations) Swelling of feet or ankles In infants and children, symptoms may be present from birth (congenital). It will almost always develop within the first 2 years of life. Symptoms include: Cough Poor feeding, or sweating when feeding Poor growth Shortness of breath. The health care provider will listen to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope. A murmur, snap, or other abnormal heart sound may be heard. The typical murmur is a rumbling sound that is heard over the heart during the resting phase of the heartbeat. The sound often gets louder just before the heart begins to contract. The exam may also reveal an irregular heartbeat or lung congestion. Blood pressure is most often normal. Narrowing or blockage of the valve or swelling of the upper heart chambers may be seen on: Chest x-ray CT scan of the heart Echocardiogram ECG (electrocardiogram) MRI of the heart Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Treatment depends on the symptoms and condition of the heart and lungs. People with mild symptoms or none at all may not need treatment. For severe symptoms, you may need to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Medicines which can be used to treat symptoms of heart failure, high blood pressure and to slow or regulate heart rhythms include: Diuretics (water pills) Nitrates, beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Digoxin Drugs to treat abnormal heart rhythms Anticoagulants (blood thinners) are used to prevent blood clots from forming and traveling to other parts of the body. Antibiotics may be used in some cases of mitral stenosis. People who have had rheumatic fever may need long-term preventive treatment with an antibiotic such as penicillin. In the past, most people with heart valve problems were given antibiotics before dental work or invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy. The antibiotics were given to prevent an infection of the damaged heart valve. However, antibiotics are now used much less often. Ask your doctor whether you need to use antibiotics. Some people may need heart surgery or procedures to treat mitral stenosis. These include: Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy (also called valvuloplasty ). During this procedure, a tube (catheter) is inserted into a vein, usually in the leg. It is threaded up into the heart. A balloon on the tip of the catheter is inflated, widening the mitral valve and improving blood flow. This procedure may be tried instead of surgery in people with a less damaged mitral valve (especially if the valve does not leak very much). Even when successful, the procedure may need to be repeated months or years later. Surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. Replacement valves can be made from different materials. Some may last for decades, and others can wear out and need to be replaced. Children often need surgery to either repair or replace the mitral valve. The outcome varies. The disorder may be mild, without symptoms, or may be more severe and become disabling over time. Complications may be severe or life threatening. In most cases, mitral stenosis can be controlled with treatment and improved with valvuloplasty or surgery. Complications may include: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter Blood clots to the brain (stroke), intestines, kidneys, or other areas Congestive heart failure Pulmonary edema Pulmonary hypertension. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of mitral stenosis. You have mitral stenosis and symptoms do not improve with treatment, or new symptoms appear. Follow your provider's recommendations for treating conditions that can cause valve disease. Treat strep infections promptly to prevent rheumatic fever. Tell your provider if you have a family history of congenital heart diseases. Other than treating strep infections, mitral stenosis itself often cannot be prevented. However but complications from the condition can be prevented. Tell your provider about your heart valve disease before you receive any medical treatment. Discuss whether you need preventive antibiotics. Mitral valve obstruction; Heart mitral stenosis; Valvular mitral stenosis. Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis Heart valves Heart valves Heart valve surgery - Series Heart valve surgery - series. Carabello BA. Valvular heart disease. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse | KHZ | 10,240,49710,132850,235510,321510,405620,592520,654320,779500 | Also called Floppy Mitral Valve. Displacement of abnormally thick mitral valve leaflet into left atrium during systole. Encyclopedia Entry for Mitral Valve Prolapse : Mitral valve prolapse. The mitral valve helps blood on the left side of the heart flow in one direction. It closes to keep blood from moving backwards when the heart beats (contracts). Mitral valve prolapse is the term used when the valve does not close properly. It can be caused by many different things. In most cases, it is harmless. The problem generally does not affect health and most people with the condition are not aware of it. In a small number of cases, the prolapse can cause blood to leak backwards. This is called mitral regurgitation. Mitral valve prolapse often affects thin women who may have minor chest wall deformities, scoliosis, or other disorders. Some forms of mitral valve prolapse seem to be passed down through families (inherited). Mitral valve prolapse is also seen with some connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome and other rare genetic disorders. It is also sometimes seen in isolation in people who are otherwise normal. Mitral valve prolapse. Many people with mitral valve prolapse DO NOT have symptoms. A group of symptoms sometimes found in people with mitral valve prolapse has been called 'mitral valve prolapse syndrome,' and includes: Chest pain (not caused by coronary artery disease or a heart attack) Dizziness Fatigue Panic attacks Sensation of feeling the heart beat ( palpitations ) Shortness of breath with activity or when lying flat (orthopnea) The exact relationship is between these symptoms and the valve problem is not clear. Some of the findings may be coincidental. When mitral regurgitation occurs, symptoms may be related to the leaking, particularly when severe. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and use a stethoscope to listen to your heart and lungs. The provider may feel a thrill (vibration) over the heart, and hear a heart murmur (midsystolic click). The murmur gets longer and louder when you stand up. Blood pressure is most often normal. Echocardiogram is the most common test used to diagnose mitral valve prolapse. The following tests may also be used to diagnose mitral valve prolapse or a leaky mitral valve or complications from those conditions: Cardiac catheterization Chest x-ray Heart CT scan ECG (may show arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation) MRI of the heart. Most of the time, there are few or no symptoms and treatment is not needed. In the past, most people with heart valve problems were given antibiotics before dental work or procedures such as colonoscopy to prevent an infection in the heart. However, antibiotics are now used much less often. Check with your provider to see if you need antibiotics. There are many heart medicines that may be used to treat aspects of this condition. However, most people will not need any treatment. You may need surgery to repair or replace your mitral valve if it becomes very leaky (regurgitation), and if the leakiness also causes symptoms. However, this may not occur. You may need mitral valve repair or replacement if: Your symptoms get worse. The left ventricle of your heart is enlarged. Your heart function gets worse. Most of the time, mitral valve prolapse is harmless and does not cause symptoms. Symptoms that do occur can be treated and controlled with medicine or surgery. Some abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) in people with mitral valve prolapse can be life threatening. If the valve leakage becomes severe, your outlook may be similar to that of people who have mitral regurgitation from any other cause. Call your provider if you have: Chest discomfort, palpitations, or fainting spells that get worse Long-term illnesses with fevers. Barlow syndrome; Floppy mitral valve; Myxomatous mitral valve; Billowing mitral valve; Systolic click-murmur syndrome; Prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome; Chest pain - mitral valve prolapse. Heart valve surgery - discharge. Mitral valve prolapse Mitral valve prolapse Heart valve surgery - Series Heart valve surgery - series. Carabello BA. Valvular heart disease. |
| Mixed Connective Tissue | ETDF | 80,260,57710,141450,201310,331510,425880,583120,674920,739610 | Autoimmune disease combining symptoms of scleroderma, myositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and possibly other conditions. |
| Mold | BIO | 222,242,523,565,592,623,745,933,1130,1155,1333,1833,4442 | General. Also see specific types. See Mold and Fungus, and Fungus programs. |
| Mold | CAFL | 222,242,523,565,592,623,745,933,1130,1833,4442 | General. Also see specific types. See Mold and Fungus, and Fungus programs. |
| Mold | VEGA | 331,732,923,982 | Toxic molds fall into five categories. Those categories are Penicilium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. Each category includes many species of mold, and they have a wide variety of harmful qualities. |
| Mold | VEGA | 222,242,523,592,745,933,1155,1333,1833,4442 | General. Also see specific types. See Mold and Fungus, and Fungus programs. |
| Mold and Fungus General | CAFL | 132,245,321,337,344,374,414,464,524,555,728,743,766,784,866,880,886,942,1823,2411 | Also see specific types. See Mold, and Fungus programs. |
| Mold and Fungus General V | CAFL | 4442,2411,1833,1823,1333,1155,1130,1016,942,933,886,880,866,784,774,766,745,743,728,623,623,594,592,565,555,524,512,464,414,374,344,337,321,254,242,222,158,132 | Also see specific types. See Mold, and Fungus programs. |
| Mold Cytochalasin 1 | XTRA | 19250,190.86 | Cell-permeable mycotoxin. Used in cloning. See Cytochalasin programs. |
| Mold Cytochalasin 2 | XTRA | 11375,225.56 | Cell-permeable mycotoxin. Used in cloning. See Cytochalasin programs. |
| Mold Ergot | XTRA | 18437.5,731.23 | Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. See Ergot, Ergotism, and Ergot Poisoning. |
| Mold Griseofulvin | XTRA | 18000,713.87 | Mycotoxin derived from Penicillium mold. Used as antifungal drug which can cause nasty side effects. |
| Mold Lycogala | XTRA | 15750,312.31 | Slime mold. Implicated in Morgellons. |
| Mold Mix B | BIO | 158,512,623,774,1016,1463 | Toxic molds fall into five categories. Those categories are Penicilium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. Each category includes many species of mold, and they have a wide variety of harmful qualities. |
| Mold Mix B | VEGA | 158,512,1463,623,774,1016 | Toxic molds fall into five categories. Those categories are Penicilium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. Each category includes many species of mold, and they have a wide variety of harmful qualities. |
| Mold Mix C | VEGA | 1627 | Toxic molds fall into five categories. Those categories are Penicilium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. Each category includes many species of mold, and they have a wide variety of harmful qualities. |
| Mold Spectrum Sweep | XTRA | 185385.792-186614.208 W1 G0 A20 | Wave=Sine, X=96 Spectrum=58.602%. Out2 = Out1 x -1 + 372000 Hz. Use Spooky Boost to combine both outputs, or connect another Spooky Remote to Out 2. Not for use with Spooky Central. |
| Mold Vac II | VEGA | 257 | Toxic molds fall into five categories. Those categories are Penicilium, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. Each category includes many species of mold, and they have a wide variety of harmful qualities. |
| Molds General | ETDF | 77000,126000,133000,177000,181000,188000,232000,242000,277000,288000 | Also see specific types. See Mold and Fungus, and Fungus programs. |
| Moles 1 | CAFL | 761.7,650,625,600,76.2 | Moles occur when cells in the skin grow in a cluster instead of being spread throughout the skin. These cells are called melanocytes, and they make the pigment that gives skin its natural color. Moles may darken after exposure to the sun, during the teen years, and during pregnancy. |
| Molluscum Contagiosum | CAFL | 134.7,190.5,254,1524,3044.5,6096.1 | Also called water warts. Viral skin infection with domed pearly lesions. Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum - Molluscipoxvirus (Poxvirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus that is a member of the poxvirus family. You can get the infection in different ways. This is a common infection in children and occurs when a child comes into direct contact with a skin lesion or an object that has the virus on it. (A skin lesion is an abnormal area of skin.) The infection is most often seen on the face, neck, armpit, arms, and hands. However, it can occur anywhere on the body, except the palms and soles. The virus can spread through contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys. The virus also spreads by sexual contact. Early lesions on the genitals may be mistaken for herpes or warts. Unlike herpes, these lesions are painless. Persons with a weakened immune system (due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS ) may have a rapidly spreading case of molluscum contagiosum. The infection on the skin begins as a small, painless papule, or bump. It may become raised to a pearly, flesh-colored nodule. The papule often has a dimple in the center. Scratching or other irritation causes the virus to spread in a line or in groups, called crops. The papules are about 2 to 5 millimeters wide. Usually, there is no inflammation (swelling and redness) and no redness unless they have been irritated by rubbing or scratching. In adults, the lesions are commonly seen on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thigh. The health care provider will examine your skin and ask about your symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the lesion. If needed, the diagnosis can be confirmed by removing one of the lesions to check for the virus under a microscope. In people with a healthy immune system, the disorder usually goes away on its own over months to years. But the lesions can spread before they go away. Although it's not necessary for a child to be treated, schools or daycare centers may ask parents that the child be treated to prevent spread to other children. Individual lesions may be removed with minor surgery. This is done by scraping, de-coring, freezing, or through needle electrosurgery. Laser treatment may also be used. Surgical removal of individual lesions may sometimes result in scarring. Medicines, such as salicylic acid preparations used to remove warts, may be helpful. Cantharidin is the most common solution used to treat the lesions in the provider's office. Tretinoin cream or imiquimod cream may also be prescribed. Molluscum contagiosum lesions may persist from a few months to a few years. They eventually disappear without scarring, unless there has been excessive scratching, which may leave marks. The disorder may persist in people with a weakened immune system. Problems that can occur include any of the following: Persistence, spread, or recurrence of lesions Secondary bacterial skin infections (rare). Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have a skin problem that looks like molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum lesions persist or spread, or if new symptoms appear . Avoid direct contact with the skin lesions of people who have molluscum contagiosum. Do not share towels or other personal items, such as razors and make-up, with other people. Male and female condoms can't fully protect you from getting molluscum contagiosum from a partner, as the virus can be on areas not covered by the condom. Even so, condoms should still be used every time the disease status of a sexual partner is unknown. Condoms reduce your chances of getting or spreading molluscum contagiosum and other STDs. Molluscum contagiosum - close-up Molluscum contagiosum - close-up Molluscum contagiosum - close-up of the chest Molluscum contagiosum - close-up of the chest Molluscum on the chest Molluscum on the chest Molluscum, microscopic appearance Molluscum, microscopic appearance Molluscum contagiosum on the face Molluscum contagiosum on the face. Javed A, Coulson I. Molluscum contagiosum. Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum virus. Molluscipoxvirus. Human,Contact, Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum virus. Molluscipoxvirus. Human,Contact, Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum (MC). Source of disease: Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) |
| Molluscum Contagiosum | ETDF | 110,350,800,35250,72500,142370,271500,592500,725680,836420 | Also called water warts. Viral skin infection with domed pearly lesions. Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum - Molluscipoxvirus (Poxvirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus that is a member of the poxvirus family. You can get the infection in different ways. This is a common infection in children and occurs when a child comes into direct contact with a skin lesion or an object that has the virus on it. (A skin lesion is an abnormal area of skin.) The infection is most often seen on the face, neck, armpit, arms, and hands. However, it can occur anywhere on the body, except the palms and soles. The virus can spread through contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys. The virus also spreads by sexual contact. Early lesions on the genitals may be mistaken for herpes or warts. Unlike herpes, these lesions are painless. Persons with a weakened immune system (due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS ) may have a rapidly spreading case of molluscum contagiosum. The infection on the skin begins as a small, painless papule, or bump. It may become raised to a pearly, flesh-colored nodule. The papule often has a dimple in the center. Scratching or other irritation causes the virus to spread in a line or in groups, called crops. The papules are about 2 to 5 millimeters wide. Usually, there is no inflammation (swelling and redness) and no redness unless they have been irritated by rubbing or scratching. In adults, the lesions are commonly seen on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thigh. The health care provider will examine your skin and ask about your symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the lesion. If needed, the diagnosis can be confirmed by removing one of the lesions to check for the virus under a microscope. In people with a healthy immune system, the disorder usually goes away on its own over months to years. But the lesions can spread before they go away. Although it's not necessary for a child to be treated, schools or daycare centers may ask parents that the child be treated to prevent spread to other children. Individual lesions may be removed with minor surgery. This is done by scraping, de-coring, freezing, or through needle electrosurgery. Laser treatment may also be used. Surgical removal of individual lesions may sometimes result in scarring. Medicines, such as salicylic acid preparations used to remove warts, may be helpful. Cantharidin is the most common solution used to treat the lesions in the provider's office. Tretinoin cream or imiquimod cream may also be prescribed. Molluscum contagiosum lesions may persist from a few months to a few years. They eventually disappear without scarring, unless there has been excessive scratching, which may leave marks. The disorder may persist in people with a weakened immune system. Problems that can occur include any of the following: Persistence, spread, or recurrence of lesions Secondary bacterial skin infections (rare). Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have a skin problem that looks like molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum lesions persist or spread, or if new symptoms appear . Avoid direct contact with the skin lesions of people who have molluscum contagiosum. Do not share towels or other personal items, such as razors and make-up, with other people. Male and female condoms can't fully protect you from getting molluscum contagiosum from a partner, as the virus can be on areas not covered by the condom. Even so, condoms should still be used every time the disease status of a sexual partner is unknown. Condoms reduce your chances of getting or spreading molluscum contagiosum and other STDs. Molluscum contagiosum - close-up Molluscum contagiosum - close-up Molluscum contagiosum - close-up of the chest Molluscum contagiosum - close-up of the chest Molluscum on the chest Molluscum on the chest Molluscum, microscopic appearance Molluscum, microscopic appearance Molluscum contagiosum on the face Molluscum contagiosum on the face. Javed A, Coulson I. Molluscum contagiosum. Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum virus. Molluscipoxvirus. Human,Contact, Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum virus. Molluscipoxvirus. Human,Contact, Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Molluscum Contagiosum : Molluscum contagiosum (MC). Source of disease: Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) |
| Molybdenum | XTRA | 464,336 | Metal element essential for life. |
| Molybdenum 95mo | XTRA | 138.65,149.47,12722.65 | Metal element essential for life. |
| Molybdenum 97mo | XTRA | 141.59,152.65,12992.19 | Metal element essential for life. |
| Mongolism | ETDF | 240,320,410,2080,26010,18110,41500,62210,131200,218310 | Also see Down Syndrome programs. |
| Monilia | BIO | 866,886 | Former name for Candida. Encyclopedia Entry for Monilia : Moniliasis- candidiasis- infection of the mucous membranes caused by the yeast Candida albicans. |
| Monilia | VEGA | 866 | Former name for Candida. Encyclopedia Entry for Monilia : Moniliasis- candidiasis- infection of the mucous membranes caused by the yeast Candida albicans. |
| Monkeypox | ETDF | 120,350,930,22500,77500,150610,260000,395000,597500,975680 | Zoonotic viral disease transmitted via animal bite or blood contact. Symptoms similar to Smallpox, to which it is related. Encyclopedia Entry for Monkeypox : Monkeypox- Monkeypox virus- Poxviridae- Chordopoxvirus Encyclopedia Entry for Monkeypox : Monkeypox virus. Orthopoxvirus. Human, mouse, prairie dog. Zoonosis, contact. Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Monkeypox : Monkeypox virus. Orthopoxvirus. Human, mouse, prairie dog. Zoonosis, contact. Associated with Skin lesions Encyclopedia Entry for Monkeypox : Monkeypox. Source of disease: Monkeypox virus |
| Monosomy | ETDF | 60,500,900,2250,7500,32710,155610,397500,624940,815700 | Chromosomal abnormality with presence of just one chromosome from a pair. |
| Monotospora Languinosa | BIO | 788 | Homeopathic remedy for fungal allergen. |
| Moon | XTRA | 420.82 | Planetary. Other uses: soul/anima, inner femininity (male), inner self. |
| Moon - Bladder | ALT | 2.57 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Moon - Nasal Passage, Breathing, Taste | ALT | 10.3 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Moon - Stomach, Emotional Acceptance | ALT | 5.14 | Table of sound frequencies corresponding to the human body. |
| Morbillinum | CAFL | 467,520,1489 | Homeopathic nosode for Measles. |
| Morbus Parkinson | CAFL | 33,693,813,5000 | Slowly progressive, degenerative, neurologic disorder. See Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Disorders programs. Also Use Chlamydia Pneumoniae, and see Nocardia Asteroides. Brain |
| Morgan Bacterium | CAFL | 726,778,784,787,788,988 | Resistant enterobacterium, usually hospital-acquired, causing multiple infections. |
| Morgellons Chronic Lesions and Fibres | ETDF | 300,680,900,13930,93500,380670,412120,424400,483520,680000 | Morgellons disease (MD) is a skin condition characterized by the presence of multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. |
| Morgellons Chronic Lesions and Fibres | XTRA | 5100,10880,10800,27860,31167,27320,39392,36900,39776,37500 | Apply=.02% Feathering. |
| Morgellons Disease 1 | XTRA | 5858.25,5856.38,4271.25,4264,330,10000,7344,5000,1550,1234,740,880,835,787,727,160,500,1600,5611,4014,3448,3347,3176,2929,2867,2855,2791,2720,2489,2180,1862,1488,880,787,728,665,464,432,304,120,30,20,8,920,2016,625 | Morgellons disease (MD) is a skin condition characterized by the presence of multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. |
| Morgellons Disease 2 | XTRA | 8,20,30,120,160,304,330,432,464,500,625,665,727.5,740,787,800,538,880,920,1234,1488,1550,1600,1862,2016,2180,2489,2720,2791,2855,2867,2929,3176,3347,3448,4014,4264,4271.25,5000,5611,5856.38,5858.25,7344,10000 | Morgellons disease (MD) is a skin condition characterized by the presence of multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. |
| Morgellons Expeller | XTRA | 2014 | Forces artefacts out of skin. Apply=+- .05% Feathering. If no result, try Frequencies Directly. |
| Morgellons External Skin Parasite | ETDF | 680000 | Symptoms: scratching, itching skin. Run for 1 hour in Contact or Plasma Mode. |
| Morgellons General | XTRA | 888,751 | Morgellons disease (MD) is a skin condition characterized by the presence of multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. |
| Morgellons Int and Ext | XTRA | 2560,5100,35000,27500,27860,31167,36827,29095,39776,37500 | Apply=.02% Feathering. |
| Morgellons Int and Ext Parasites | ETDF | 160,300,2500,5500,13930,93500,356720,451170,483520,680000 | Apply=.02% Feathering. |
| Morgellons Internal | XTRA | 2560,5100,10880,10800,35000,27500,27860,36827,29095,39776 | Apply=.02% Feathering. |
| Morgellons Internal Parasites | ETDF | 160,300,680,900,2500,5500,13930,356720,451170,483520 | Apply=.02% Feathering. |
| Morgellons Nancy DB | XTRA | 200.2,520.2,941.6,6270.2,13254.6,32273.4 | Morgellons disease (MD) is a skin condition characterized by the presence of multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. Dowsed by Nancy Sliwa. |
| Morgellons Skin Itch | XTRA | 37500 | Apply=.02% Feathering. Run for 1 hour, or as needed. |
| Motion Sickness | CAFL | 10000,5000,648,624,600,465,440,648,444,1865,522,190,146,125,95,72,20 | See Mal de Debarquement, Nausea and Cramping, Parasites Enterobiasis, Roundworm, Round Worms, and Parasites Roundworm General programs. |
| Motor Neuron Disease | ETDF | 170,320,950,5510,32450,47510,162210,215700,397500,475870 | Also called Motor Neurone Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Causes neuron destruction leading to muscular disorders. |
| Mouth Eruptions Herpes Sores | CAFL | 304,464,1488,1489,1550,1577,1900,2720,2950 | See Herpes General, and Herpes Simplex i programs. Mouth |
| Mouth Eruptions White Patches | CAFL | 465,666,690,727,2008,2127 | See Leukoplakia, Mucous Membrane General Inflammation, EBV, BX Virus, Papilloma, Cancer BX Virus, and Carcinoma programs. Mouth |
| Mouth Ulcer | XTRA | 131 | A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause. Encyclopedia Entry for Mouth Ulcer : Mouth ulcers. Mouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include: Canker sores Gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex ( fever blister ) Leukoplakia Oral cancer Oral lichen planus Oral thrush A skin sore caused by histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer. Symptoms will vary, based on the cause of the mouth ulcer. Symptoms may include: Open sores in the mouth Pain or discomfort in the mouth. Most of the time, a health care provider or dentist will look the ulcer and where it is in the mouth to make the diagnosis. You may need blood tests or a biopsy of the ulcer may be needed to confirm the cause. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. The underlying cause of the ulcer should be treated if it is known. Gently cleaning your mouth and teeth may help relieve your symptoms. Medicines that you rub directly on the ulcer. These include antihistamines, antacids, and corticosteroids that may help soothe discomfort. Avoid hot or spicy foods until the ulcer is healed. The outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment. Some types of cancer may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal. Complications may include: Cellulitis of the mouth, from secondary bacterial infection of ulcers Dental infections ( tooth abscesses ) Oral cancer Spread of contagious disorders to other people. Call your provider if: A mouth ulcer does not go away after 3 weeks. You have mouth ulcers return often, or if new symptoms develop. To help prevent mouth ulcers and complications from them: Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss once a day. Get regular dental cleanings and checkups. Oral ulcer; Stomatitis - ulcerative; Ulcer - mouth. Oral thrush Oral thrush Canker sore (aphthous ulcer) Canker sore (aphthous ulcer) Lichen planus on the oral mucosa Lichen planus on the oral mucosa Mouth sores Mouth sores. Daniels TE, Jordan RC. Diseases of the mouth and salivary glands. |
| Movement Disorder | ETDF | 20,240,950,2500,25780,172500,296500,475580,576290,772200 | Includes tremors, palsy, choreas, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, RLS, tics, spasms, and others - also see appropriate programs. |
| Moyamoya Disease | ETDF | 40,250,650,930,2500,7500,96500,324940,475870,527000 | Arterial constrictions in brain causing risk of hemorrhage, aneurysm, or thrombosis. |
| Mucocutan Perniciosis | CAFL | 833,667,756 | Damage to the mucocutaneous junction, or mucocutaneous part of the body where mucosa transitions to skin. |
| Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome | KHZ | 10,240,950,2750,5870,178500,326500,571520,705870,827230 | Also called Kawasaki Disease. Autoimmune disease, mainly in children, with inflammation and vasculitis in medium-sized blood vessels. |
| Mucolipidoses | ETDF | 200,250,650,2500,3000,7500,96500,326160,534250,652430 | Genetic disorder affecting normal turnover of various materials within cells. |
| Mucopolysaccharidoses | ETDF | 70,350,700,5580,17250,22500,150000,413020,550000,719340 | Metabolic disorders affecting ability to build bone, cartilage, tendons, corneas, skin, and connective tissue. Encyclopedia Entry for Mucopolysaccharidoses : Mucopolysaccharidoses. MPS; Lysosomal storage disease - mucopolysaccharidosis. Pyeritz RE. Inherited diseases of connective tissue. |
| Mucor Mucedo | BIO | 612,1000 | Fungus that causes rot in fruit and baked goods, sometimes found on feet and skin. |
| Mucor Mucedo | CAFL | 612,1000,488,766,9788,735 | Fungus that causes rot in fruit and baked goods, sometimes found on feet and skin. |
| Mucor Mucedo | HC | 288000 | Fungus that causes rot in fruit and baked goods, sometimes found on feet and skin. Other use: Griseofulvin. |
| Mucor Mucedo | VEGA | 612 | Fungus that causes rot in fruit and baked goods, sometimes found on feet and skin. Other use: Leptospirosis. |
| Mucor Plumbeus | BIO | 361 | Soil and grain fungus also found in buildings and causing an immune response. |
| Mucor Racemosus | CAFL | 310,474,875 | Fungus that grows on decaying vegetation and bread, and can cause ear infection. |
| Mucor Racemosus | VEGA | 474 | Fungus that grows on decaying vegetation and bread, and can cause ear infection. Other use: Marsh Elder (ragweed allergen). |
| Mucor Racemosus Secondary | CAFL | 473,686,713,729,731,751,760,778,871,873,876,878,887,1200,7768,7976,8788 | Fungus that grows on decaying vegetation and bread, and can cause ear infection. |
| Mucor Racemosus Sinus | BIO | 310,474 | Fungus that grows on decaying vegetation and bread, and can cause ear infection. |
| Mucormycosis | CAFL | 623,733,942 | Fungal infection. Also see Zygomycosis program. Mouth Encyclopedia Entry for Mucormycosis : Mucormycosis- Zygomycosis- Rhizopus arrhizus (fungus) Encyclopedia Entry for Mucormycosis : Mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is caused by different kinds of fungi that are often found in decaying organic matter. These include spoiled bread, fruit, and vegetables, as well as soil and compost piles. Most people come in contact with the fungus at some time. However, people with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop mucormycosis. These include people with any of the following conditions: AIDS Burns Diabetes (usually poorly controlled) Leukemia and lymphoma Long-term steroid use Metabolic acidosis Poor nutrition (malnutrition) Use of some medicines Mucormycosis may involve: A sinus and brain infection called rhinocerebral infection: It may start as a sinus infection, and then lead to the swelling of the nerves that stem from the brain. It may also cause blood clots that block vessels to the brain. A lung infection called pulmonary mucormycosis: pneumonia gets worse quickly and may spread to the chest cavity, heart, and brain. Other parts of the body: mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidneys. Symptoms of rhinocerebral mucormycosis include: Eyes that swell and stick out (protrude) Dark scabbing in nasal cavities Fever Headache Mental status changes Redness of skin above sinuses Sinus pain or congestion Symptoms of lung (pulmonary) mucormycosis include: Cough Coughing blood (occasionally) Fever Shortness of breath Symptoms of gastrointestinal mucormycosis include: Abdominal pain Blood in the stools Diarrhea Vomiting blood Symptoms of kidney (renal) mucormycosis include: Fever Pain in the upper abdomen or back Symptoms of skin (cutaneous) mucormycosis include a single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blackened center. Your health care provider will examine you. See an ear-nose-throat (ENT) doctor if you are having sinus problems. Testing depends on your symptoms, but may include these imaging tests: CT scans MRI scans A biopsy must be done to diagnose mucormycosis. A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination to identify the fungus. Surgery should be done right away to remove all dead and infected tissue. Surgery can lead to disfiguration because it may involve removal of the palate, parts of the nose, or parts of the eye. But, without such aggressive surgery, chances of survival are greatly decreased. You will also receive antifungal medicine, usually amphotericin B, through a vein. After the infection is under control, you may be switched to a different medicine. Mucormycosis has a very high extremely high death rate, even when aggressive surgery is done. Risk of death depends on the area of the body involved and your overall health. These complications may occur: Blindness (if the optic nerve is involved) Clotting or blockage of brain or lung blood vessels Death Nerve damage. People with weakened immune systems and immune disorders (including diabetes) should seek medical attention if they develop: Fever Headache Sinus pain Eye swelling Any of the other symptoms listed above. Because the fungi that cause mucormycosis are widespread, the best way to prevent this infection is to improve control of the illnesses associated with mucormycosis. Fungal infection - mucormycosis. Fungus Fungus. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Agents of mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis. |
| Mucous Membrane General Inflammation | CAFL | 380 | See Leukoplakia, Mouth Eruptions white patches, EBV, BX virus, Papilloma, Cancer BX virus, and Carcinoma programs. Mouth |
| Mucoviscidosis | BIO | 523 | Also called Cystic Fibrosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress. |
| Mucoviscidosis | CAFL | 478,523,557,660,727,776,778,787,802,880 | Also called Cystic Fibrosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress. |
| Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney | ETDF | 70,370,3850,67500,108200,402710,547500,667500,705870,895580 | Genetic condition caused by malformed kidneys consisting of variously-sized cysts. |
| Multiple Chemical Sensitivity | ETDF | 80,370,780,8850,45500,113520,241010,392500,675870,812020 | Associated with Morgellons Disease. Also see Chemical Sensitivity Reduce and Chemical Sensitivity. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | ETDF | 50,320,730,3950,17510,125210,162520,275870,523520,671220 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple Sclerosis : Multiple sclerosis - discharge. Try to stay as active as you can. Ask your health care provider what kind of activity and exercise are right for you. Try walking or jogging. Stationary bicycle riding is also good exercise. Benefits of exercise include: Helps your muscles stay loose Helps you keep your balance Good for your heart Helps you sleep better Helps you have regular bowel movements If you have problems with spasticity , learn about what makes it worse. You or your caregiver can learn exercises to keep muscles loose. Increased body temperature can make your symptoms worse. Here are some tips to prevent overheating: Exercise in the morning and the evening. Be careful not to wear too many layers of clothes. When taking baths and showers, avoid water that is too hot. Be careful in hot tubs or saunas. Make sure somebody is around to help you if you become overheated. Keep your house cool in the summer with air conditioning. Avoid hot drinks if you notice problems with swallowing, or other symptoms get worse. Make sure your home is safe. Find out what you can do to prevent falls and keep your bathroom safe to use. If you are having trouble moving around in your house easily, talk with your provider about getting help. Your provider can refer you to a physical therapist to help with: Exercises for strength and moving around How to use your walker, cane, wheelchair, or other devices How to set up your home to safely move around. You may have problems starting to urinate or emptying your bladder all the way. Your bladder may empty too often or at the wrong time. Your bladder may become too full and you may leak urine. To help with bladder problems, your doctor may prescribe medicine. Some people with MS need to use a urinary catheter. This is a thin tube that is inserted into your bladder to drain urine. Your provider may also teach you some exercises to help you strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. Urinary infections are common in people with MS. Learn to recognize the symptoms, such as burning when you urinate, fever, low back pain on one side, and a more frequent need to urinate. DO NOT hold your urine. When you feel the urge to urinate, go to the bathroom. When you are not at home, take note of where the nearest bathroom is. If you have MS, you may have trouble controlling your bowels. Have a routine. Once you find a bowel routine that works, stick with it: Pick a regular time, such as after a meal or a warm bath, to try to have a bowel movement. Be patient. It may take 15 to 45 minutes to have bowel movements. Try gently rubbing your belly to help stool move through your colon. Avoid constipation: Drink more fluids. Stay active or become more active. Eat foods with lots of fiber. Ask your provider about medicines you're taking that may cause constipation. These include some medicines for depression, pain, bladder control, and muscle spasms. If you are in a wheelchair or bed most of the day, you need to check your skin every day for signs of pressure sores. Look closely at: Heels Ankles Knees Hips Tailbone Elbows Shoulders and shoulder blades Back of your head Learn how to prevent pressure sores. Keep up to date with your vaccinations. Get a flu shot every year. Ask your provider if you need a pneumonia shot. Ask your provider about other checkups you may need, such as to test your cholesterol level, blood sugar level, and a bone scan for osteoporosis. Eat healthy foods and keep from becoming overweight. Learn to manage stress. Many people with MS feel sad or depressed at times. Talk to friends or family about this. Ask your provider about seeing a professional to help you with these feelings. You may find yourself getting tired more easily than before. Pace yourself when you do activities that may be tiring or need a lot of concentration. Your provider may have you on different medicines to treat your MS and many of the problems that may come with it: Make sure you follow instructions. DO NOT stop taking medicines without first talking to your provider. Know what to do if you miss a dose. Store your medicines in a cool, dry place, and away from children. Call your doctor if you have: Problems taking drugs for muscle spasms Problems moving your joints (joint contracture) Problems moving around or getting out of your bed or chair Skin sores or redness Pain that is becoming worse Recent falls Choking or coughing when eating Signs of a bladder infection (fever, burning when you urinate, foul urine, cloudy urine, or frequent urination). MS - discharge. Fabian MT, Krieger SC, Lublin FD. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple Sclerosis : Multiple sclerosis - resources. Resources - multiple sclerosis. Muscular atrophy Muscular atrophy. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple Sclerosis : Multiple sclerosis. MS affects women more than men. The disorder is most commonly diagnosed between ages 20 to 40, but it can be seen at any age. MS is caused by damage to the myelin sheath. This sheath is the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. When this nerve covering is damaged, nerve signals slow or stop. Myelin and nerve structure The nerve damage is caused by inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. This can occur along any area of the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord. It is unknown what exactly causes MS. The most common thought is that a virus or gene defect, or both, is to blame. Environmental factors may also play a role. You are slightly more likely to develop this condition if you have a family history of MS or you live in a part of the world where MS is more common. Symptoms vary because the location and severity of each attack can be different. Attacks can last for days, weeks, or months. Attacks are followed by remissions. These are periods of reduced or no symptoms. Fever, hot baths, sun exposure, and stress can trigger or worsen attacks. It is common for the disease to return (relapse). The disease may also continue to get worse without remissions. Nerves in any part of the brain or spinal cord may be damaged. Because of this, MS symptoms can appear in many parts of the body. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Muscle symptoms: Loss of balance Muscle spasms Numbness or abnormal sensation in any area Problems moving arms or legs Problems walking Problems with coordination and making small movements Tremor in one or more arms or legs Weakness in one or more arms or legs Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation and stool leakage Difficulty beginning to urinate Frequent need to urinate Strong urge to urinate Urine leakage ( incontinence ) Eye symptoms: Double vision Eye discomfort Uncontrollable eye movements Vision loss (usually affects one eye at a time) Numbness, tingling, or pain: Facial pain Painful muscle spasms Tingling, crawling, or burning feeling in the arms and legs Other brain and nerve symptoms: Decreased attention span, poor judgment, and memory loss Difficulty reasoning and solving problems Depression or feelings of sadness Dizziness and balance problems Hearing loss Sexual symptoms: Problems with erections Problems with vaginal lubrication Speech and swallowing symptoms: Slurred or difficult-to-understand speech Trouble chewing and swallowing Fatigue is a common and bothersome symptom as MS progresses. It is often worse in the late afternoon. Symptoms of MS may mimic those of many other nervous system problems. MS is diagnosed by determining if there are signs of more than one attack on the brain or spinal cord and by ruling out other conditions. People who have a form of MS called relapsing-remitting have a history of at least two attacks separated by a remission. In other people, the disease may slowly get worse in between clear attacks. This form is called secondary progressive MS. A form with gradual progression, but no clear attacks is called primary progressive MS. The health care provider may suspect MS if there are decreases in the function of two different parts of the central nervous system (such as abnormal reflexes) at two different times. An exam of the nervous system may show reduced nerve function in one area of the body. Or the reduced nerve function may be spread over many parts of the body. This may include: Abnormal nerve reflexes Decreased ability to move a part of the body Decreased or abnormal sensation Other loss of nervous system functions, such as vision An eye exam may show: Abnormal pupil responses Changes in the visual fields or eye movements Decreased visual acuity Problems with the inside parts of the eye Rapid eye movements triggered when the eye moves MRI of the brain Tests to diagnose MS include: Blood tests to rule out other conditions that are similar to MS. Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, including CSF oligoclonal banding may be needed. MRI scan of the brain or the spine, or both are important to help diagnose and follow MS. Nerve function study (evoked potential test, such as visual evoked response) is less often used. There is no known cure for MS at this time. But, there are treatments that may slow the disease. The goal of treatment is to stop progression, control symptoms, and help you maintain a normal quality of life. Medicines are often taken long-term. These include: Medicines to slow the disease Steroids to decrease the severity of attacks Medicines to control symptoms such as muscle spasms, urinary problems, fatigue, or mood problems Medicines are more effective for the relapsing-remitting form than for other forms of MS. The following may also be helpful for people with MS : Physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and support groups Assistive devices, such as wheelchairs, bed lifts, shower chairs, walkers, and wall bars A planned exercise program early in the course of the disorder A healthy lifestyle, with good nutrition and enough rest and relaxation Avoiding fatigue, stress, temperature extremes, and illness Changes in what you eat or drink if there are swallowing problems Making changes around the home to prevent falls Social workers or other counseling services to help you cope with the disorder and get assistance Vitamin D or other supplements (talk to your provider first) Complementary and alternative approaches, such as acupressure or cannabis, to help with muscle problems Spinal devices can reduce pain and spasticity in the legs. Living with MS may be a challenge. You can ease the stress of illness by joining an MS support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. The outcome varies, and is hard to predict. Although the disorder is life-long ( chronic ) and incurable, life expectancy can be normal or almost normal. Most people with MS are active and function at work with little disability. Those who usually have the best outlook are: Females People who were young (less than 30 years old) when the disease started People with infrequent attacks People with a relapsing-remitting pattern People who have limited disease on imaging studies The amount of disability and discomfort depends on: How often and severe the attacks are The part of the central nervous system that is affected by each attack Most people return to normal or near-normal function between attacks. Over time, there is greater loss of function with less improvement between attacks. MS may lead to the following: Depression Difficulty swallowing Difficulty thinking Less and less ability to care for self Need for indwelling catheter Osteoporosis or thinning of the bones Pressure sores Side effects of medicines used to treat the disorder Urinary tract infections. Call your provider if: You develop any symptoms of MS Your symptoms get worse, even with treatment The condition worsens to the point when home care is no longer possible. MS; Demyelinating disease. Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms Constipation - self-care Daily bowel care program Multiple sclerosis - discharge Preventing pressure ulcers Swallowing problems. Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis MRI of the brain MRI of the brain Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Myelin and nerve structure Myelin and nerve structure. Calabresi PA, Multiple sclerosis and demyelinating conditions of the central nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple Sclerosis : Multiple Sclerosis. Can be caused by Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpesvirus 6, Varicella Zoster virus, Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (XMRV) and Chlamydia pneumoniae bacteria. Also use Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster sets. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Multiple Sclerosis 1 | CAFL | 20,80.9,143,166,218,224,235,241.68,253,275,304.6,317,421,430,464,470,524,620,624,660,690,728,784,787,802,1550,840,854,880,1331,1875,1883,2088.59,2189,2213,2252.8,23570.5,2466.9,2720,3056.9,3767,4992,5000 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis 2 | CAFL | 20,80.9,241.68,304.6,660,690,728,787,880,2088.59,2252.8,23570.5,2466.9,3056.9,5000 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis 3 | CAFL | 2253,2467,2357,2358,242,305,2089,3057,81,5000,1550,802,880,787,728,690,660,20 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis 4 | CAFL | 3040,5000,2720,10000,470,120,240,300,328,728,880,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,20 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis 5 | CAFL | 5000,728,166,224,317,727,787,880,218 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis 6 | CAFL | 10000,6000,5000,3176,2489,3057,2008,2358,1488,2467,3040,880,787,800,728,665,464,242,224,304,166,120,20 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis Myelin Sheath Repair | XTRA | 4.4,8,9.4,9.5,90.8,12,13.3,14.19,14.4,14.8,225,259,380 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. |
| Multiple Sclerosis Secondary | CAFL | 20,143,275,430,470,524,620,624,802,840,854,1550,2213,5000,728,784,880,464 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis Stiff Legs | CAFL | 315.77 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple Sclerosis V | CAFL | 2145,938,862,841,741,739,682,660,572,532,520,477,442,433,344,343,342,338,324,322,253,242,112 | Demyelinating disease. Aspartame, mercury, benzene, lead, and toluene can cause same symptoms. Use Chlamydia General, Herpes Type 6, and see ALS, Herpes General, Blastocystis Hominis, Parasites Flukes, Shigella, Nocardia, and Herpes Zoster programs. Nerve |
| Multiple System Atrophy | ETDF | 40,460,620,1000,2750,15870,65000,324940,219340,425870 | Neurological disorder with degeneration of nerve cells in certain brain areas, leading to movement, balance, and autonomic function problems. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple System Atrophy : Multiple system atrophy cerebellar subtype. MSA-C can be passed down through families (inherited form). It can also affect people without a known family history (sporadic form). Researchers have identified certain genes that are involved in the inherited form of this condition. The cause of MSA-C in people with the sporadic form is not known. The disease slowly gets worse (is progressive). MSA-C is slightly more common in men than in women. The average age of onset is 54 years old. Symptoms of MSA-C tend to start at a younger age in people with the inherited form. The main symptom is clumsiness ( ataxia ) that slowly gets worse. There may also be problems with balance, slurring of speech, and difficulty walking. Other symptoms may include: Abnormal eye movements Abnormal movements Bowel or bladder problems Difficulty swallowing Cold hands and feet Lightheadedness when standing Headache while standing that is relieved by lying down Muscle stiffness or rigidity, spasms, tremor Nerve damage (neuropathy) Problems in speaking and sleeping due to spasms of the vocal cords Sexual function problems Abnormal sweating. A thorough medical and nervous system examination, as well as a symptom and family history are needed to make the diagnosis. There are genetic tests to look for the causes of some forms of the disorder. But, no specific test is available in many cases. An MRI of the brain may show changes in the size of affected brain structures, especially as the disease gets worse. But it is possible to have the disorder and have a normal MRI. Other tests such as positron emission tomography (PET) may be done to rule out other conditions. These may include swallowing studies to see if a person can safely swallow food and liquid. There is no specific treatment or cure for OPCA. The aim is to treat the symptoms and prevent complications. This may include: Tremor medicines, such as those for Parkinson disease Speech, occupational and physical therapy Ways to prevent choking Walking aids to help with balance and prevent falls. The following groups can provide more information on MSA-C: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke -- www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Multiple-System-Atrophy-Information-Page National Organization for Rare Disorders -- www.rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/multiple-system-atrophy. MSA-C slowly gets worse, and there is no cure. The outlook is generally poor. But, it may be years before someone is very disabled. Complications of MSA-C include: Choking Infection from inhaling food into the lungs ( aspiration pneumonia ) Injury from falls Nutrition problems due to difficulty swallowing. Call your health care provider if you have any symptoms of MSA-C. You will need to be seen by a neurologist. This is a doctor who treats nervous system problems. MSA-C; Cerebellar multiple system atrophy; Olivopontocerebellar atrophy; OPCA; Olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Ciolli L, Krismer F, Nicoletti F, Wenning GK. An update on the cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy. Cerebellum Ataxias. 2014;1-14. PMID: 26331038 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26331038. Jancovic J. Parkinson disease and other movement disorders. Encyclopedia Entry for Multiple System Atrophy : Multiple system atrophy. The cause is unknown. MSA develops gradually and is most often diagnosed in men older than 60. MSA damages the nervous system. Symptoms may include: Face changes, such as a masklike appearance to the face and staring Difficulty chewing or swallowing (occasionally), not able to close the mouth Disrupted sleep patterns (often during rapid eye movement [REM] sleep late at night) Dizziness or fainting when standing up or after standing still Frequent falls Erection problems Loss of control over bowels or bladder Problems with activity that requires small movements (loss of fine motor skills), such as writing that is small and hard to read Loss of sweating in any part of the body Mild decline in mental function Movement difficulties , such as loss of balance, shuffling when walking Muscle aches and pains (myalgia), and stiffness Nausea and problems with digestion Posture problems, such as unstable, stooped, or slumped over Slow movements Tremors Vision changes , decreased or blurred vision Voice and speech changes Other symptoms that may occur with this disease: Confusion Dementia Depression Sleep-related breathing difficulties, including sleep apnea or a blockage in the air passage that leads to a harsh vibrating sound. Your health care provider will examine you, and check your eyes, nerves, and muscles. Your blood pressure will be taken while you are lying down and standing up. There are no specific tests to confirm this disease. A doctor who specializes in the nervous system (neurologist) can make the diagnosis based on: History of symptoms Physical examination results Ruling out other causes of symptoms Testing to help confirm the diagnosis may include: MRI of head Plasma norepinephrine levels Urine examination for norepinephrine breakdown products ( urine catecholamines ). There is no cure for MSA. There is no known way to prevent the disease from getting worse. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. Dopaminergic medicines, such as levodopa and carbidopa, may be used to reduce early or mild tremors. But, for many people with MSA these medicines do not work well. Medicines may be used to treat low blood pressure. A pacemaker that is programmed to stimulate the heart to beat at a rapid rate (faster than 100 beats per minute) may increase blood pressure for some people. Constipation can be treated with a high-fiber diet and laxatives. Medicines are available to treat erection problems. Outcome for MSA is poor. Loss of mental and physical functions slowly get worse. Early death is likely. People typically live 7 to 9 years after diagnosis. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder. Call your provider if you have been diagnosed with MSA and your symptoms return or get worse. Also call if new symptoms appear, including possible side effects of medicines, such as: Changes in alertness/behavior/mood Delusional behavior Dizziness Hallucinations Involuntary movements Loss of mental functioning Nausea or vomiting Severe confusion or disorientation If you have a family member with MSA and their condition declines to the point that you are unable to care for the person at home, seek advice from your family member's provider. Shy-Drager syndrome; Neurologic orthostatic hypotension; Shy-McGee-Drager syndrome; Parkinson plus syndrome; MSA-P; MSA-C. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Fanciulli A, Wenning GK. Multiple system atrophy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(3):249-263. PMID: 25587949 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25587949. Jankovic J. Parkinson disease and other movement disorders. |
| Mumps | BIO | 152,190,235,242,516,642,674,922,1243,1660,2630,3142 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps - mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Mumps is caused by a virus. The virus spreads from person to person by drops of moisture from the nose and mouth, such as through sneezing. It is also spread through direct contact with items that have infected saliva on them. Mumps most often occurs in children ages 2 through 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age and may also be seen in college age students. The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is about 12 to 25 days. Mumps may also infect the: Central nervous system Pancreas Testes. Symptoms of mumps may include: Face pain Fever Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area) Other symptoms that can occur in males are: Testicle lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling. The health care provider will perform an exam and ask about the symptoms, especially when they started. No tests are needed in most cases. The provider can usually diagnose mumps by looking at the symptoms. Blood tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific treatment for mumps. The following things can be done to relieve symptoms: Apply ice or heat packs to the neck area. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve pain. DO NOT give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk for Reye syndrome. Drink extra fluid. Eat soft foods. Gargle with warm salt water. People with this disease do well most of the time, even if organs are involved. After the illness is over, they'll be immune to mumps for the rest of their life. Infection of other organs may occur, including testicle swelling ( orchitis ). Call your provider if you or your child has mumps along with: Red eyes Constant drowsiness Constant vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Pain or a lump in testicle Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or visit the emergency room if convulsions occur. MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles , mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children at these ages: First dose: 12 through 15 months old Second dose: 4 through 6 years old Adults can also receive the vaccine. Talk to your provider about this. Recent outbreaks of the mumps have supported the importance of having all children vaccinated. Epidemic parotitis; Viral parotitis; Parotitis. Head and neck glands Head and neck glands. Gnann JW. Mumps. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Source of disease: Mumps virus |
| Mumps | ETDF | 130,300,830,2500,7500,22500,142020,251020,325580,471870 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps - mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Mumps is caused by a virus. The virus spreads from person to person by drops of moisture from the nose and mouth, such as through sneezing. It is also spread through direct contact with items that have infected saliva on them. Mumps most often occurs in children ages 2 through 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age and may also be seen in college age students. The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is about 12 to 25 days. Mumps may also infect the: Central nervous system Pancreas Testes. Symptoms of mumps may include: Face pain Fever Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area) Other symptoms that can occur in males are: Testicle lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling. The health care provider will perform an exam and ask about the symptoms, especially when they started. No tests are needed in most cases. The provider can usually diagnose mumps by looking at the symptoms. Blood tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific treatment for mumps. The following things can be done to relieve symptoms: Apply ice or heat packs to the neck area. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve pain. DO NOT give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk for Reye syndrome. Drink extra fluid. Eat soft foods. Gargle with warm salt water. People with this disease do well most of the time, even if organs are involved. After the illness is over, they'll be immune to mumps for the rest of their life. Infection of other organs may occur, including testicle swelling ( orchitis ). Call your provider if you or your child has mumps along with: Red eyes Constant drowsiness Constant vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Pain or a lump in testicle Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or visit the emergency room if convulsions occur. MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles , mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children at these ages: First dose: 12 through 15 months old Second dose: 4 through 6 years old Adults can also receive the vaccine. Talk to your provider about this. Recent outbreaks of the mumps have supported the importance of having all children vaccinated. Epidemic parotitis; Viral parotitis; Parotitis. Head and neck glands Head and neck glands. Gnann JW. Mumps. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Source of disease: Mumps virus |
| Mumps | VEGA | 242,516,642,922,2630,3142 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps - mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Mumps is caused by a virus. The virus spreads from person to person by drops of moisture from the nose and mouth, such as through sneezing. It is also spread through direct contact with items that have infected saliva on them. Mumps most often occurs in children ages 2 through 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age and may also be seen in college age students. The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is about 12 to 25 days. Mumps may also infect the: Central nervous system Pancreas Testes. Symptoms of mumps may include: Face pain Fever Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area) Other symptoms that can occur in males are: Testicle lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling. The health care provider will perform an exam and ask about the symptoms, especially when they started. No tests are needed in most cases. The provider can usually diagnose mumps by looking at the symptoms. Blood tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific treatment for mumps. The following things can be done to relieve symptoms: Apply ice or heat packs to the neck area. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve pain. DO NOT give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk for Reye syndrome. Drink extra fluid. Eat soft foods. Gargle with warm salt water. People with this disease do well most of the time, even if organs are involved. After the illness is over, they'll be immune to mumps for the rest of their life. Infection of other organs may occur, including testicle swelling ( orchitis ). Call your provider if you or your child has mumps along with: Red eyes Constant drowsiness Constant vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Pain or a lump in testicle Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or visit the emergency room if convulsions occur. MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles , mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children at these ages: First dose: 12 through 15 months old Second dose: 4 through 6 years old Adults can also receive the vaccine. Talk to your provider about this. Recent outbreaks of the mumps have supported the importance of having all children vaccinated. Epidemic parotitis; Viral parotitis; Parotitis. Head and neck glands Head and neck glands. Gnann JW. Mumps. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Source of disease: Mumps virus |
| Mumps | XTRA | 14 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps - mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Mumps is caused by a virus. The virus spreads from person to person by drops of moisture from the nose and mouth, such as through sneezing. It is also spread through direct contact with items that have infected saliva on them. Mumps most often occurs in children ages 2 through 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age and may also be seen in college age students. The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is about 12 to 25 days. Mumps may also infect the: Central nervous system Pancreas Testes. Symptoms of mumps may include: Face pain Fever Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area) Other symptoms that can occur in males are: Testicle lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling. The health care provider will perform an exam and ask about the symptoms, especially when they started. No tests are needed in most cases. The provider can usually diagnose mumps by looking at the symptoms. Blood tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific treatment for mumps. The following things can be done to relieve symptoms: Apply ice or heat packs to the neck area. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve pain. DO NOT give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk for Reye syndrome. Drink extra fluid. Eat soft foods. Gargle with warm salt water. People with this disease do well most of the time, even if organs are involved. After the illness is over, they'll be immune to mumps for the rest of their life. Infection of other organs may occur, including testicle swelling ( orchitis ). Call your provider if you or your child has mumps along with: Red eyes Constant drowsiness Constant vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Pain or a lump in testicle Call the local emergency number (such as 911) or visit the emergency room if convulsions occur. MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles , mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children at these ages: First dose: 12 through 15 months old Second dose: 4 through 6 years old Adults can also receive the vaccine. Talk to your provider about this. Recent outbreaks of the mumps have supported the importance of having all children vaccinated. Epidemic parotitis; Viral parotitis; Parotitis. Head and neck glands Head and neck glands. Gnann JW. Mumps. Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps virus. Rubulavirus. Human. Respiratory, saliva. Associated with Mumps Encyclopedia Entry for Mumps : Mumps. Source of disease: Mumps virus |
| Mumps Antigen | HC | 377600-384650 | Produced antibodies against mumps, which is painful swelling of parotid gland(s). See Mumps programs. |
| Mumps Secondary | CAFL | 190,235,516,1243,1660,2630,3142,9667,729,741,759,761,1170 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Mouth |
| Mumps Tertiary | CAFL | 10000,727,2720,2489,2127,2008,428,880,787,727,20 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. Mouth |
| Mumps Vaccine | BIO | 273,551,711,730,1419 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. |
| Mumps Vaccine | VEGA | 711,551,1419 | Viral disease with fever, muscle pain,and headache, leading to painful swelling of parotid gland(s). Also see Mumps, Mumps Antigen, and Coxsackie programs. |
| Munchausen Syndrome | KHZ | 10,240,750,4850,182510,219290,412110,505290,881000,905090 | Factitious disorder where sufferers feign disease, illness, or psychological trauma to fain attention, sympathy, or reassurance. Encyclopedia Entry for Munchausen Syndrome : Munchausen syndrome by proxy. No one is sure what causes Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Sometimes, the person was abused as a child or has Munchausen syndrome (fake illness for themselves). The caretaker can do extreme things to fake symptoms of illness in the child. For example, the caretaker may: Add blood to the child's urine or stool Withhold food so the child looks like they can't gain weight Heat up thermometers so it looks like the child has a fever Make up lab results Give the child drugs to make the child throw up or have diarrhea Infect an intravenous (IV) line to make the child sick What are signs in a cartaker? Most people with this problem are mothers with small children. Some are adult children taking care of an older parent. The caretakers often work in health care and know a lot about medical care. They can describe the child's symptoms in great medical detail. They like to be very involved with the health care team and are liked by the staff for the care they give the child. These caretakers are very involved with their children. They seem devoted to the child. This makes it hard for health professionals to see a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. What are signs in a child? The child sees a lot of health care providers and has been in the hospital a lot. The child often has had many tests, surgeries, or other procedures. The child has strange symptoms that don't fit with any disease. The symptoms do not match the test results. The child's symptoms are reported by the caretaker. They are never seen by health care professionals. The symptoms are gone in the hospital, but start again when the child goes home. Blood samples do not match the child's blood type. Drugs or chemicals are found in the child's urine, blood, or stool. To diagnose Munchausen syndrome by proxy, providers have to see the clues. They have to review the child's medical record to see what has happened with the child over time. Very often, Munchausen syndrome by proxy goes undiagnosed. The child needs to be protected. They may need to be removed from the direct care of the caretaker in question. Children may require medical care to treat complications from injuries, infections, medicines, surgeries, or tests. They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. Treatment most often involves individual and family therapy. Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities. If you think a child is being abused, contact a provider, the police, or child protective services. Call 911 for any child in immediate danger because of abuse or neglect. You can also call this national hotline. Crisis counselors are available 24/7. Interpreters are available to help in 170 languages. The counselor on the phone can help you figure out the next steps. All calls are anonymous and confidential. Call Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453). Recognition of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in the child-parent relationship can prevent continued abuse and unnecessary, expensive, and possibly dangerous medical testing. Factitious disorder by proxy; Child abuse - Munchausen. Dubowitz H, Lane WG. Abused and neglected children. |
| Muscle Cramp | ETDF | 130,400,620,3830,35250,132250,282500,327500,522500,748000 | Also see Muscle Spasticity, Muscles Stiff, Muscles to Relax, and Muscle programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Muscle Cramp : Muscle cramps. Muscle cramps are different than muscle twitches , which are covered in a separate article. Muscle cramps are common and often occur when a muscle is overused or injured. Working out when you have not had enough fluids (dehydration) or when you have low levels of minerals such as potassium or calcium can also make you more likely to have a muscle spasm. Muscle cramps can occur while you play tennis or golf, bowl, swim, or do any other exercise. They can also be triggered by: Alcoholism Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Kidney failure Medicines Menstruation Pregnancy. If you have a muscle cramp, stop your activity and try stretching and massaging the muscle. Heat will relax the muscle when the spasm begins, but ice may be helpful when the pain has improved. If the muscle is still sore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines can help with pain. If the muscle cramps are severe, your health care provider can prescribe other medicines. The most common cause of muscle cramps during sports activity is not getting enough fluids. Often, drinking water will ease the cramping. However, water alone does not always help. Salt tablets or sports drinks, which also replenish lost minerals, can be helpful. Other tips for relieving muscle cramps: Change your workouts so that you are exercising within your ability. Drink plenty of fluids while exercising and increase your potassium intake (orange juice and bananas are great sources of potassium). Stretch to improve flexibility. Call your provider if your muscle cramps: Are severe Do not go away with simple stretching Keep coming back Last a long time. Your provider will examine you and ask questions about your symptoms and medical history, such as: When did the spasms first begin? How long do they last? How often do you experience muscle spasms? What muscles are affected? Is the cramp always in the same location? Are you pregnant? Have you been vomiting, had diarrhea , excessive sweating , excessive urine volume , or any other possible cause of dehydration? What medicines do you take? Have you been exercising heavily? Have you been drinking alcohol heavily? Blood tests may be done to check for the following: Calcium, potassium, or magnesium metabolism Kidney function Thyroid function Pain medicines may be prescribed. Cramps - muscle. Chest stretch Chest stretch Groin stretch Groin stretch Hamstring stretch Hamstring stretch Hip stretch Hip stretch Thigh stretch Thigh stretch Triceps stretch Triceps stretch. Grove AJ, G mez J. Environmental illness. |
| Muscle Cramps/Spasms | XTRA | 6.8 | Also see Muscle Spasticity, Muscles Stiff, Muscles to Relax, and Muscle programs. |
| Muscle Growth and Repair | XTRA | 25 | After you workout, your body repairs or replaces damaged muscle fibers through a cellular process where it fuses muscle fibers together to form new muscle protein strands or myofibrils. These repaired myofibrils increase in thickness and number to create muscle growth. |
| Muscle Spasticity | ETDF | 130,400,620,900,5580,117250,442520,657510,722590,865870 | Also see Muscle Cramp(s), Muscles Stiff, Muscles to Relax, and other Muscle programs. |
| Muscle Tonic | CAFL | 20,120,240,300,304,328,728,880,5000,10000 | This nourishing blend supports natural recovery and relaxation in muscles following exercise. Effective for use as a warm down synergy, a therapeutic bath or massage with Muscle Tonic promotes healthy circulation and deep tissue nutrition to help condition and restore energy to tired muscles. |
| Muscles Stiff | XTRA | 304 | Also see Muscle Spasticity, Muscle Cramp(s), Muscles to Relax, and Muscle programs. Other uses: pain relief, sedation. |
| Muscles Stimulate Healing | XTRA | 13.5 | Following the inflammatory phase,musclebegins tohealby regeneratingmusclefibers from stem cells that live around the area of injury. However, a significant amount of scar tissue also forms where themusclewas injured. |
| Muscles to Relax | CAFL | 965,20,120,240,760,6.8,6000,304 | Also see Muscle Spasticity, Muscles Stiff, Muscle Cramp(s), and Muscle programs. Muscle |
| Muscular Atrophy Postpoliomyelitis | ETDF | 60,120,710,39010,135550,253790,316500,523110,604220,625790 | Condition where polio survivors develop muscular atrophy, muscles weakness and pain, and fatigue, very similar to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. |
| Muscular Atrophy Spinal | ETDF | 190,1220,3720,17250,63210,119420,293240,403030,435000,711170 | Genetic disorder causing spinal motor neuron damage and systemic muscle wasting. |
| Muscular Diseases | ETDF | 130,400,5780,66830,132500,205780,472500,507500,782200,932100 | Neuromuscular diseases are those that affect the muscles and/or their nervous control. In general, problems with nervous control can cause spasticity or paralysis, depending on the location and nature of the problem. A large proportion of neurological disorders, ranging from cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and Parkinson's disease to CreutzfeldtJakob disease, can lead to problems with movement or motor coordination. |
| Muscular Dystrophies | ETDF | 130,400,600,830,5870,47250,142500,357520,702510,882110 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 1 | XTRA | 1.19,3,7.69,7.7,9.39,9.4,19.6,20,28,153,230,250,660,690,727.5,787,880,2900 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 2 | XTRA | 146,333,465,522,523,555,600,625,650,768,776,786,802,1550,1850,10000 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 3 | XTRA | 146,153,522,727,787,880,5000 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 4 | XTRA | 153 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 5 | XTRA | 2900 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Dystrophy 6 | XTRA | 146,522,727,787,880 | Inherited muscle disorders that weaken the body and hinder normal movement. Also see Muscular Dystrophy programs. |
| Muscular Pain and Injury | CAFL | 2720,6000,320,250,240,160,125,80,40,20,10,5.8,2.5,1.5,1.2,1,0.5 | Also see Pain, and General Antiseptic programs. Muscle |
| Mutism | ETDF | 190,370,750,850,2250,58580,129580,448870,553500,695910 | Inability to speak often caused by speech disorder, hearing loss, or surgery. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | KHZ | 80,350,680,930,2500,5500,135580,333570,613540,705570 | Neuromuscular disease with cycles of muscle weakness and fatigue due to blocked acetylcholine receptors. Encyclopedia Entry for Myasthenia Gravis : Myasthenia gravis - resources. Resources - myasthenia gravis. Muscular atrophy Muscular atrophy. Encyclopedia Entry for Myasthenia Gravis : Myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Antibodies are proteins made by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances. Antibodies may be produced when the immune system mistakenly considers healthy tissue to be a harmful substance, such as in the case of myasthenia gravis. In people with myasthenia gravis, the body produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (neurotransmitters) from the nerve cells. In some cases, myasthenia gravis is linked to tumors of the thymus (an organ of the immune system). Myasthenia gravis can affect people at any age. It is most common in young women and older men. Myasthenia gravis causes weakness of the voluntary muscles. These are muscles that you can control. Autonomic muscles of the heart and digestive tract are usually not affected. The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis worsens with activity and improves with rest. This muscle weakness can lead to a variety of symptoms, including: Breathing difficulty because of weakness of the chest wall muscles Chewing or swallowing difficulty, causing frequent gagging, choking, or drooling Difficulty climbing stairs, lifting objects, or rising from a seated position Difficulty talking Drooping head and eyelids Facial paralysis or weakness of the facial muscles Fatigue Hoarseness or changing voice Double vision Difficulty maintaining steady gaze. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This includes a detailed nervous system (neurological) examination. This may show: Muscle weakness, with eye muscles usually affected first Normal reflexes and feeling (sensation) Tests that may be done include: Acetylcholine receptor antibodies associated with this disease CT or MRI scan of the chest to look for a tumor Nerve conduction studies to test how fast electrical signals move through a nerve EMG to test the health of the muscles and the nerves that control the muscles Pulmonary function tests to measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning Edrophonium test to see if this medicine reverses the symptoms for a short time. There is no known cure for myasthenia gravis. Treatment may allow you to have periods without any symptoms (remission). Lifestyle changes can often help you continue your daily activities. The following may be recommended: Resting throughout the day Using an eye patch if double vision is bothersome Avoiding stress and heat exposure, which can make symptoms worse Medicines that may be prescribed include: Neostigmine or pyridostigmine to improve communication between the nerves and muscles Prednisone and other drugs (such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, or mycophenolate mofetil) to suppress the immune system response if you have severe symptoms and other medicines have not worked well. Crisis situations are attacks of weakness of the breathing muscles. These attacks can occur without warning when either too much or too little medicine is taken. These attacks usually last no longer than a few weeks. You may need to be admitted to the hospital, where you may need breathing assistance with a ventilator. A procedure called plasmapheresis may also be used to help end the crisis. This procedure involves removing the clear part of the blood (plasma), which contains the antibodies. This is replaced with donated plasma that is free of antibodies, or with other fluids. Plasmapheresis may also help reduce symptoms for 4 to 6 weeks and is often used before surgery. A medicine called intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may also be used Surgery to remove the thymus (thymectomy) may result in permanent remission or less need for medicines, especially when there is a tumor present. If you have eye problems, your doctor may suggest lens prisms to improve vision. Surgery may also be recommended to treat your eye muscles. Physical therapy can help maintain your muscle strength. This is especially important for the muscles that support breathing. Some medicines can worsen symptoms and should be avoided. Before taking any medicine, ask your doctor whether it is OK for you to take it. You can ease the stress of illness by joining a myasthenia gravis support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. There is no cure, but long-term remission is possible. You may have to restrict some daily activities. People who have only eye symptoms (ocular myasthenia gravis), may develop generalized myasthenia over time. A woman with myasthenia gravis can get pregnant, but careful prenatal care is important. The baby may be weak and require medications for a few weeks after birth, but usually will not develop the disorder. The condition may cause life-threatening breathing problems. This is called a myasthenic crisis. People with myasthenia gravis are at higher risk for other autoimmune disorders, such as thyrotoxicosis , rheumatoid arthritis , and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have breathing difficulty or swallowing problems. Neuromuscular disorder - myasthenia gravis. Superficial anterior muscles Superficial anterior muscles Ptosis, drooping of the eyelid Ptosis, drooping of the eyelid Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Mittal MK, Wijdicks EFM. Muscular paralysis. |
| Mycetoma | KHZ | 20,120,850,7500,32500,40000,60000,115700,92500,423010,563190,640000,985900 | Also see Streptothrix, Actinomyces spp, and Actinomycosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycetoma : Mycetoma (disambiguation). Source of disease: numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma) |
| Mycobacterium Avium | CAFL | 642.2,700.9,769.6,803.4,818.5,1001.2,858.2,786.7,625.9,674.3,953.6,1180,1148.3,773.3,615.7,608.4,770.6,896.9,694.1,680.8,632.2,619.7,680.4,857.6,860.2,590,825.7,824,825,826,827,828,830,937.4,529.3,1058.6,2117.1,617.8,1235.7,2471.3,1037.5,2075 | Genus of Actinobacteria causing lymphatic or GI tract lesions, mainly in the immunocompromised. Lung |
| Mycobacterium Infections | KHZ | 60,320,600,2850,8250,39550,129500,341500,700570,825000 | Genus of Actinobacteria. Members cause TB, leprosy, skin disease, lymph and GI tract lesions. |
| Mycobacterium Infections | XTRA | 60,5440,9600,35440,37040,25714,438800,30300,38000,40000 | Genus of Actinobacteria. Members cause TB, leprosy, skin disease, lymph and GI tract lesions. CAFL Anecdotal. |
| Mycobacterium Leprae | CAFL | 117.5,236.6,709,1004,1419.8,5679.16063 | Mycobacterium which causes Handen's Disease (leprosy). |
| Mycobacterium Phlei | HC | 409650-410650 | Mycobacterium which covers itself with mycolic acid, making it extremely difficult to kill. |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis | HC | 430550-434200 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis : Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. May cause: Autoimmune diseases Stroke Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 1 | XTRA | 1067.23,1070.81,1076.26,13454.69,13500,13568.75 | Mycobacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). Also see Tuberculosis programs, and Tuberculinum. |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 1 | XTRA | 13454.69,13568.75,13500,1067.23,1076.26,1070.82 | Mycobacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). Also see Tuberculosis programs, and Tuberculinum. |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 2 | XTRA | 1070.81,21508 | Mycobacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). Also see Tuberculosis programs, and Tuberculinum. |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 2 | XTRA | 21508,1070.81 | Mycobacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). Also see Tuberculosis programs, and Tuberculinum. |
| Mycogone Fungoides | CAFL | 488,532,662,764,852,1444 | Type of mold that infects mushrooms - has also been found in skin. |
| Mycogone Fungoides Secondary | CAFL | 328,367,490,491,495,496,628,678,709,714,729,746,757,761,766,768,1055,1074,9979 | Type of mold that infects mushrooms - has also been found in skin. |
| Mycogone Species (spp) | BIO | 371,446,1123 | Homeopathic allergenic preparation based on fungus. |
| Mycogone Species (spp) | CAFL | 371,446,748,1123 | Homeopathic allergenic preparation based on fungus. |
| Mycoplasma | HC | 322850-323900 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. People who live or work in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters have a high chance of getting this condition. But many people who get sick with it have no known risk factors. Symptoms are often mild and appear over 1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people. Common symptoms include any of the following: Chest pain Chills Cough , usually dry and not bloody Excessive sweating Fever (may be high) Headache Sore throat Less common symptoms include: Ear pain Eye pain or soreness Muscle aches and joint stiffness Neck lump Rapid breathing Skin lesions or rash. People with suspected pneumonia should have a complete medical evaluation. It may be hard for your health care provider to tell whether you have pneumonia, bronchitis, or another respiratory infection, so you may need a chest x-ray. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, other tests may be done, including: Complete blood count (CBC) Blood tests Bronchoscopy (rarely needed) CT scan of the chest Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood ( arterial blood gases ) Nose or throat swab to check for bacteria Open lung biopsy (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources) Sputum tests to check for mycoplasma bacteria. To feel better, you can take these self-care measures at home: Control your fever with aspirin, NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up the extra sputum. Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do household chores. Antibiotics are used to treat atypical pneumonia: You may be able to take antibiotics by mouth at home. If your condition is severe, you will likely be admitted to a hospital. There, you will be given antibiotics through a vein (intravenously), as well as oxygen. Antibiotics might be used for 2 weeks or more. Finish all the antibiotics you've been prescribed, even if you feel better. If you stop the medicine too soon, the pneumonia can return and may be harder to treat. Most people recover completely without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can last for up to a month. The disease can be more serious in older adults and in those with a weakened immune system. Complications that may result include any of the following: Ear infections Hemolytic anemia , a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood because the body is destroying them Skin rashes. Contact your provider if you develop a fever, cough, or shortness of breath. There are many causes for these symptoms. The provider will need to rule out pneumonia. Also, call if you have been diagnosed with this type of pneumonia and your symptoms become worse after improving first. Wash your hands often, and have other people around you do the same. If your immune system is weak, stay away from crowds. Ask visitors who have a cold to wear a mask. DO NOT smoke. If you do, get help to quit. Get a flu shot every year. Ask your provider if you need a pneumonia vaccine. Walking pneumonia; Community-acquired pneumonia - mycoplasma; Community-acquired pneumonia - atypical. Pneumonia in adults - discharge. Lungs Lungs Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme on the leg Erythema multiforme on the leg Exfoliation following erythroderma Exfoliation following erythroderma Respiratory system Respiratory system. Baum SG. Mycoplasma infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Source of disease: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Source of disease: Mycoplasma genitalium |
| Mycoplasma | XTRA | 388.6,543.6,777.2,1087.2,1554.5,2174.3,3109,4348.6,6217.9 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. People who live or work in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters have a high chance of getting this condition. But many people who get sick with it have no known risk factors. Symptoms are often mild and appear over 1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people. Common symptoms include any of the following: Chest pain Chills Cough , usually dry and not bloody Excessive sweating Fever (may be high) Headache Sore throat Less common symptoms include: Ear pain Eye pain or soreness Muscle aches and joint stiffness Neck lump Rapid breathing Skin lesions or rash. People with suspected pneumonia should have a complete medical evaluation. It may be hard for your health care provider to tell whether you have pneumonia, bronchitis, or another respiratory infection, so you may need a chest x-ray. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, other tests may be done, including: Complete blood count (CBC) Blood tests Bronchoscopy (rarely needed) CT scan of the chest Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood ( arterial blood gases ) Nose or throat swab to check for bacteria Open lung biopsy (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources) Sputum tests to check for mycoplasma bacteria. To feel better, you can take these self-care measures at home: Control your fever with aspirin, NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up the extra sputum. Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do household chores. Antibiotics are used to treat atypical pneumonia: You may be able to take antibiotics by mouth at home. If your condition is severe, you will likely be admitted to a hospital. There, you will be given antibiotics through a vein (intravenously), as well as oxygen. Antibiotics might be used for 2 weeks or more. Finish all the antibiotics you've been prescribed, even if you feel better. If you stop the medicine too soon, the pneumonia can return and may be harder to treat. Most people recover completely without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can last for up to a month. The disease can be more serious in older adults and in those with a weakened immune system. Complications that may result include any of the following: Ear infections Hemolytic anemia , a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood because the body is destroying them Skin rashes. Contact your provider if you develop a fever, cough, or shortness of breath. There are many causes for these symptoms. The provider will need to rule out pneumonia. Also, call if you have been diagnosed with this type of pneumonia and your symptoms become worse after improving first. Wash your hands often, and have other people around you do the same. If your immune system is weak, stay away from crowds. Ask visitors who have a cold to wear a mask. DO NOT smoke. If you do, get help to quit. Get a flu shot every year. Ask your provider if you need a pneumonia vaccine. Walking pneumonia; Community-acquired pneumonia - mycoplasma; Community-acquired pneumonia - atypical. Pneumonia in adults - discharge. Lungs Lungs Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme on the leg Erythema multiforme on the leg Exfoliation following erythroderma Exfoliation following erythroderma Respiratory system Respiratory system. Baum SG. Mycoplasma infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Source of disease: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma : Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Source of disease: Mycoplasma genitalium |
| Mycoplasma 2nd | HC | 342750-349300 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. |
| Mycoplasma Arthritis | XTRA | 962.77 | Mycoplasma is one of the main causes of rheumatoid arthritis. Successful treatment of the infection can cause a remission. There is a breakdown of synovial tissue in the joints with a lot of pain. Muscle aches and general joint pain plays a role in 15% of patients. |
| Mycoplasma Conjunctivitis | XTRA | 748.03 | Mycoplasma can cause people to have sinus and ear infections in addition to the symptoms of atypical pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by a pathogen. The condition may leave a person feeling fatigued. People with pneumonia may need to rest for several days to fight off the infection. |
| Mycoplasma Faucium | XTRA | 772.9 | May be found in brain abscesses. |
| Mycoplasma Fermentans | CAFL | 2900,864,790,690,610,484,986,644,254 | Experimental. May be a factor in ALS, Chronic Fatigue, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, MS, and Lyme. |
| Mycoplasma Fermentans 2 | XTRA | 705.68 | Mycoplasma fermentans is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes. Like other mycoplasmas M. fermentans is characterized by the absence of a peptidoglycan cell wall and resulting resistance to many antibacterial agents. |
| Mycoplasma Fermentans Incognitus | PROV | 254,484,610,644,660,690,706.7,727.5,790,864,878.2,880.2,986.2,2900,5044,5355 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. This strain is implicated in AIDS/HIV. |
| Mycoplasma Fermentans Incognitus | XTRA | 779.07,2688.3 | US Patent No. 5,242,820, assignee American Registry of Pathology/US Army. |
| Mycoplasma General | CAFL | 7344,2950,2900,2842,1147,1113,1067,1062,1045,969.9,865,829.3,800.4,790,783.6,779.9,690.7,690,686.6,684.1,679.2,673.9,664,644,610,484,254 | Can be useful for lung, sinus, and other problems which do not respond to other programs. |
| Mycoplasma Genitalium | XTRA | 790.8 | Causes UTIs and genital tract infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma Genitalium : Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Source of disease: Mycoplasma genitalium |
| Mycoplasma Hominis 2 | XTRA | 797.8 | STI causing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Vaginosis, and Infertility in men. |
| Mycoplasma Infections | KHZ | 190,400,950,2500,32500,97500,160030,532500,817540,923010 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. |
| Mycoplasma Lipophilum | XTRA | 798.7 | Mycoplasma lipophilum is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. |
| Mycoplasma Lyme Disease | XTRA | 660,690,728,254,484,610,644,790,864,986,2900 | Very small cell wall-deficient bacteria causing respiratory, pelvic inflammatory, and other diseases. |
| Mycoplasma Penetrans | XTRA | 2174.3 | STI causing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. |
| Mycoplasma Pirum | XTRA | 770.9 | Found in HIV infections and the immunocompromised. |
| Mycoplasma Pneumonia | BIO | 688 | Also called walking pneumonia. Contagious, bacterial pneumonia of children and young adults. See Pneumonia Walking, and use Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma Pneumonia : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. People who live or work in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters have a high chance of getting this condition. But many people who get sick with it have no known risk factors. Symptoms are often mild and appear over 1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people. Common symptoms include any of the following: Chest pain Chills Cough , usually dry and not bloody Excessive sweating Fever (may be high) Headache Sore throat Less common symptoms include: Ear pain Eye pain or soreness Muscle aches and joint stiffness Neck lump Rapid breathing Skin lesions or rash. People with suspected pneumonia should have a complete medical evaluation. It may be hard for your health care provider to tell whether you have pneumonia, bronchitis, or another respiratory infection, so you may need a chest x-ray. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, other tests may be done, including: Complete blood count (CBC) Blood tests Bronchoscopy (rarely needed) CT scan of the chest Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood ( arterial blood gases ) Nose or throat swab to check for bacteria Open lung biopsy (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources) Sputum tests to check for mycoplasma bacteria. To feel better, you can take these self-care measures at home: Control your fever with aspirin, NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up the extra sputum. Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do household chores. Antibiotics are used to treat atypical pneumonia: You may be able to take antibiotics by mouth at home. If your condition is severe, you will likely be admitted to a hospital. There, you will be given antibiotics through a vein (intravenously), as well as oxygen. Antibiotics might be used for 2 weeks or more. Finish all the antibiotics you've been prescribed, even if you feel better. If you stop the medicine too soon, the pneumonia can return and may be harder to treat. Most people recover completely without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can last for up to a month. The disease can be more serious in older adults and in those with a weakened immune system. Complications that may result include any of the following: Ear infections Hemolytic anemia , a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood because the body is destroying them Skin rashes. Contact your provider if you develop a fever, cough, or shortness of breath. There are many causes for these symptoms. The provider will need to rule out pneumonia. Also, call if you have been diagnosed with this type of pneumonia and your symptoms become worse after improving first. Wash your hands often, and have other people around you do the same. If your immune system is weak, stay away from crowds. Ask visitors who have a cold to wear a mask. DO NOT smoke. If you do, get help to quit. Get a flu shot every year. Ask your provider if you need a pneumonia vaccine. Walking pneumonia; Community-acquired pneumonia - mycoplasma; Community-acquired pneumonia - atypical. Pneumonia in adults - discharge. Lungs Lungs Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme on the leg Erythema multiforme on the leg Exfoliation following erythroderma Exfoliation following erythroderma Respiratory system Respiratory system. Baum SG. Mycoplasma infections. Encyclopedia Entry for Mycoplasma Pneumonia : Mycoplasma pneumonia. Source of disease: Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae | XTRA | 2838.5 | Causes mycoplasma pneumonia. |
| Mycoplasma Pulmonis 1 | XTRA | 75.09,150.3,300.5,601,2404 | Bacteria carried by pets. Causes pneumonia-like disease. |
| Mycoplasma Pulmonis 2 | XTRA | 38467,38464,38476,38451 | Bacteria carried by pets. Causes pneumonia-like disease. |
| Mycoplasma Salivarium | XTRA | 832.6 | Immunomodulator found in disorders of eyes, ears, oral spaces, brain, pleural cavity, and in chronic and septic Arthritis. |
| Mycoplasma Salivarium 1 | XTRA | 32384,35712,53760,57984,48704,53248 | Implicated in eye/ear disorders, oral infections, septic arthritis, and periodontal disease. Run each frequency for 18 min after building up. |
| Mycoplasma Species Self-Test | XTRA | 962.77,748.03,772.9,705.68,790.8,797.8,779.07,2688.3,798.7,2174.3,770.9,2838.5,832.6,4305.9 | All species 60 secs each. Run in Contact or Plasma Modes. Note running frequency when 'hits' are felt, then use Reverse Lookup. |
| Mycoplasma Spermatophilum | XTRA | 4305.9 | Found in human sperm and cervixes. |
| Mycoses | ETDF | 170,220,930,2750,27500,132500,255580,475850,724940,825870 | Fungal infections - superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic. Also see Fungus, and Mold programs. |
| Mycosis Fungoides | BIO | 532,662,678,852,1444 | Form of cutaneous cancer resembling Eczema. Cutaneous T Cell lymphoma, sub-type of non Hodgkin's. |
| Myelitis | ETDF | 20,460,950,2500,32500,50000,150000,350000,475870,527000 | Infection and/or inflammation of spinal cord, leading to multiple problems. Encyclopedia Entry for Myelitis : Myelitis. Infection and/or inflammation of spinal cord, leading to multiple problems. Can be caused by Varicella Zoster virus, Herpes Simplex , Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, Echovirus, hepatitis A, rubella. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Myiasis | ETDF | 130,490,600,870,2250,5250,113980,545870,735000,805070 | Infestation of fly larvae (maggots). Also called Fly Strike. Often seen in Morgellons. Encyclopedia Entry for Myiasis : Myiasis. Source of disease: parasitic dipterous fly larvae |
| Myiasis | XTRA | 1950,7840,9600,13920,24750,31500,37993,35044,40000,30070 | Infestation of fly larvae (maggots). Also called Fly Strike. Common in Morgellons. Encyclopedia Entry for Myiasis : Myiasis. Source of disease: parasitic dipterous fly larvae |
| Myocardial Infarction | ETDF | 190,370,780,900,7500,121720,340000,457500,592500,775580 | Commonly known as a heart attack. Exercise caution. Encyclopedia Entry for Myocardial Infarction : Myocardial Infarction. Commonly known as a heart attack. Can be caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus and Coxsackie B virus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Myocardial Ischemia | ETDF | 80,350,620,970,12500,117500,345230,567500,625870,775580 | Also called coronary artery disease. Includes Angina, and Myocardial Infarction. Usually due to Atherosclerosis. |
| Myocarditis | ETDF | 80,320,1730,32900,67500,125230,322500,539000,832590,915580 | Infection and inflammation of heart muscle, usually due to viruses such as Parvovirus B19, or to bacteria like Borrelial Burgdorferi, or parasites like Trypanosoma Cruzi. Encyclopedia Entry for Myocarditis : Myocarditis - pediatric. Myocarditis is rare in young children. It is slightly more common in older children and adults. It is often worse in newborns and young infants than in children over age 2. Most cases in children are caused by a virus that reaches the heart. These can include the influenza (flu) virus, Coxsackie virus, parovirus, and adenovirus. It may also be caused by bacterial infections such as Lyme disease. Other causes of pediatric myocarditis include: Allergic reactions to certain medicines Exposure to chemicals in the environment Infections due to fungus or parasites Radiation Some diseases (autoimmune disorders) that cause inflammation throughout the body Some drugs The heart muscle may be directly damaged by the virus or the bacteria that infect it. The body's immune response can also damage the heart muscle (called the myocardium) in the process of fighting the infection. This can lead to symptoms of heart failure. Symptoms may be mild at first and hard to detect. However, in newborns and infants, symptoms may sometimes appear suddenly. Symptoms may include: Anxiousness Failure to thrive or poor weight gain Feeding difficulties Fever and other symptoms of infection Listlessness Low urine output (a sign of decreasing kidney function) Pale, cool hands and feet (a sign of poor circulation) Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Symptoms in children over age 2 may also include: Belly area pain and nausea Chest pain Cough Fatigue Swelling (edema) in the legs, feet, and face. Pediatric myocarditis can be hard to diagnose because the signs and symptoms often mimic those of other heart and lung diseases, or a bad case of the flu. The health care provider may hear a rapid heartbeat or abnormal heart sounds while listening to the child's chest with a stethoscope. A physical exam may detect fluid in the lungs and swelling in the legs in older children. There may be signs of infection, including fever and rashes. A chest x-ray can show enlargement (swelling) of the heart. If the provider suspects myocarditis based on the exam and chest x-ray, an electrocardiogram may also be done to help make the diagnosis. Other tests that may be needed include: Blood cultures to check for infection Blood tests to look for antibodies against viruses or the heart muscle itself Blood tests to check liver and kidney function Complete blood count Heart biopsy (the most accurate way to confirm the diagnosis, but not always needed) Special tests to check for the presence of viruses in the blood (viral PCR). There is no cure for myocarditis. The heart muscle inflammation will often go away on its own. The goal of treatment is to support heart function until the inflammation goes away. Many children with this condition are admitted to a hospital. Activity often needs to be limited while the heart is inflamed because it can strain the heart. Treatment may include: Antibiotics to fight bacterial infection Anti-inflammatory medicines called steroids to control inflammation Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a medicine made of substances (called antibodies) that the body produces to fight infection, to control the inflammatory process Mechanical support using a machine to help the heart function (in extreme cases) Medicines to treat symptoms of heart failure Medicines to treat abnormal heart rhythms. Recovery from myocarditis depends on the cause of the problem and the child's overall health. Most children recover completely with proper treatment. However, some may have permanent heart disease. Newborns have the highest risk for serious disease and complications (including death) due to myocarditis. In rare cases, severe damage to the heart muscle requires a heart transplant. Complications may include: Enlargement of the heart that leads to reduced heart function (dilated cardiomyopathy) Heart failure Heart rhythm problems. Call your child's pediatrician if signs or symptoms of this condition occur. There is no known prevention. However, prompt testing and treatment may reduce the disease risk. Myocarditis Myocarditis. McNamara DM. Heart failure as a consequence of viral and nonviral myocarditis. Encyclopedia Entry for Myocarditis : Myocarditis. Myocarditis is an uncommon disorder. Most of the time, it is caused by an infection that reaches the heart. When you have an infection, your immune system produces special cells to fight off disease. If the infection affects your heart, the disease-fighting cells enter the heart. However, the chemicals made by these cells can also damage the heart muscle. As a result, the heart can become thick, swollen, and weak. Many cases are caused by a virus that reaches the heart. These can include the influenza (flu) virus, coxsackievirus, parovirus, cytomegalovirus , adenovirus, and others. It may also be caused by bacterial infections such as Lyme disease, streptococcus, mycoplasma, and chlamydia. Myocarditis Other causes of myocarditis include: Reactions to certain medicines, such as certain chemotherapy drugs Exposure to chemicals in the environment, such as heavy metals Infections due to fungus or parasites Radiation Autoimmune disorders that cause inflammation throughout the body Sometimes the exact cause may not be discovered. There may be no symptoms. Symptoms may be similar to the flu. If symptoms occur, they may include: Chest pain that may resemble a heart attack Fatigue or listlessness Fever and other signs of infection including headache, muscle aches, sore throat, diarrhea, or rashes Joint pain or swelling Leg swelling Pale, cool hands and feet (a sign of poor circulation) Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Other symptoms that may occur with this disease: Fainting , often related to irregular heart rhythms Low urine output. Myocarditis can be hard to diagnose because the signs and symptoms often mimic those of other heart and lung diseases, or a bad case of the flu. The health care provider may hear a rapid heartbeat or abnormal heart sounds while listening to the child's chest with a stethoscope. A physical exam may detect fluid in the lungs and swelling in the legs in older children. There may be signs of infection, including fever and rashes. A chest x-ray can show enlargement (swelling) of the heart. If the provider suspects myocarditis based on the exam and chest x-ray, an electrocardiogram may also be done to help make the diagnosis. Heart biopsy is the most accurate way to confirm the diagnosis, but it is not always needed, Also, a heart biopsy may not reveal the diagnosis if the small piece of heart tissue that is removed does not contain the suspected organism or other indicators. Other tests that may be needed include: Blood cultures to check for infection Blood tests to look for antibodies against viruses or the heart muscle itself Blood tests to check liver and kidney function Complete blood count Special tests to check for the presence of viruses in the blood (viral PCR). Treatment is aimed at the cause of the problem, and may involve: Antibiotics to fight bacterial infection Medicines called steroids to reduce swelling Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a medicine made of substances (called antibodies) that the body produces to fight infection, to control the inflammatory process Diuretics to remove excess water from the body Low-salt diet Reduced activity If the heart muscle is weak, your provider will prescribe medicines to treat heart failure. Abnormal heart rhythms may require the use of other medicines. You may also need a device such as a pacemaker, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator's to correct a dangerous abnormal heartbeat. If a blood clot is in the heart chamber, you will also receive blood thinning medicine. Rarely, a heart transplant may be needed if the heart muscle has become too weak to function. The outcome can vary, depending on the cause of the problem and a person s overall health. Some people may recover completely. Others may have lasting heart failure. Complications may include: Cardiomyopathy Heart failure Pericarditis. Call your provider if you have symptoms of myocarditis, especially after a recent infection. Seek medical help right away if: Your symptoms are severe. You have been myocarditis, and you have increased chest pain , swelling , or breathing problems. Treat conditions that cause myocarditis promptly to reduce the risk. Inflammation - heart muscle. Myocarditis Myocarditis Heart, section through the middle Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Heart, front view Lymph tissue in the head and neck. Lymph tissue in the head and neck. Cooper LT, Knowlton KU. Myocarditis. |
| Myocarditis Narbe | CAFL | 279,761 | Inflammation and scarring of the heart muscle (myocardium). |
| Myocarditis Necrose | CAFL | 706,789 | Homeopathic remedy from heart cells that died as a result of inadequate blood flow. See Circulatory Stasis. |
| Myoclonus | ETDF | 70,350,700,45000,77250,114690,320000,637080,805870,973500 | Brief, involuntary twitching of muscle or group of muscles. |
| Myoma | CAFL | 253,420,453,832 | Benign tumor of the uterus. Also see Leiomyoma. |
| Myoma | VEGA | 453,832 | Benign tumor of the uterus. Also see Leiomyoma. |
| Myositis | BIO | 120,122,125,129,1124,1169 | Involves progressive muscle weakness. Caused by autoimmune conditions and statin drugs. Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis- Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis. Inflammatory myopathies. Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies. |
| Myositis | CAFL | 120,122,125,129,1124,1169,762 | Involves progressive muscle weakness. Caused by autoimmune conditions and statin drugs. Muscle Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis- Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis. Inflammatory myopathies. Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies. |
| Myositis | VEGA | 122,1124,1169 | Involves progressive muscle weakness. Caused by autoimmune conditions and statin drugs. Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis- Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus Encyclopedia Entry for Myositis : Myositis. Inflammatory myopathies. Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies. |
| Myxosoma | HC | 409600-416950 | Myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon, trout, etc.). |
ALT consists of programs based on Ayurvedic knowledge and practice, solfeggios, and planetary frequencies.
BFB a collection of biofeedback scan results.
BIO is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
CAFL is the Consolidated Annotated Frequency List, amassed over years from the experience of Rife experimenters.
CUST consists of programs added by Spooky team members, plus those in your own personal database.
ETDFL is a collection of programs researched in bio resonance clinics in Germany.
HC is Dr. Hulda Clark’s database. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
KHZ is a collection of higher frequencies from Dr. Hulda Clark. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
PROV has produced consistent results in virtually all subjects it was used with.
RIFE is a collection of Dr. Royal Raymond Rife’s original frequencies.
VEGA is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
XTRA is a collection of programs from various sources, all chosen for their reputation for effectiveness.