| Name | Type | Frequencies | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| E Coli | BIO | 282,333,413,957,1320,1722 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. Encyclopedia Entry for E Coli : E coli enteritis. E coli is a type of bacteria that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. Most of the time, it does not cause any problems. However, certain types (or strains) of E coli can cause food poisoning. One strain ( E coli O157:H7) can cause a severe case of food poisoning. Bacteria may get into your food in different ways: Meat or poultry may come into contact with normal bacteria from the intestines of an animal while it is being processed. Water used during growing or shipping may contain animal or human waste. Food may be handled in an unsafe way during transport or storage. Unsafe food handling or preparation may occur in grocery stores, restaurants, or homes. Food poisoning can occur after eating or drinking: Food prepared by a person who did not wash hands well Food prepared using unclean cooking utensils, cutting boards, or other tools Dairy products or food containing mayonnaise (such as coleslaw or potato salad) that have been out of the refrigerator too long Frozen or refrigerated foods that are not stored at the proper temperature or are not properly reheated Fish or oysters Raw fruits or vegetables that have not been washed well Raw vegetable or fruit juices and dairy products Undercooked meats or eggs Water from a well or stream, or city or town water that has not been treated Although not common, E coli can be spread from one person to another. This may happen when someone does not wash their hands after a bowel movement and then touches other objects or someone else's hands. Symptoms occur when E coli bacteria enter the intestine. Most of the time symptoms develop 24 to 72 hours after being infected. The most common symptom is sudden, severe diarrhea that is often bloody. Other symptoms may include: Fever Gas Loss of appetite Stomach cramping Vomiting (rare) Symptoms of a rare but severe E coli infection include: Bruises that happen easily Pale skin Red or bloody urine Reduced amount of urine. Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. A stool culture can be done to check for disease-causing E coli. Most of the time, you will recover from the most common types of E coli infection within a couple of days. The goal of treatment is to make you feel better and avoid dehydration. Getting enough fluids and learning what to eat will help keep you or your child comfortable. You may need to: Manage the diarrhea Control nausea and vomiting Get plenty of rest You can drink oral rehydration mixtures to replace fluids and minerals lost through vomiting and diarrhea. Oral rehydration powder can be purchased from a pharmacy. Be sure to mix the powder in safe water. You can make your own rehydration mixture by dissolving one half teaspoon (3 grams) of salt, one half teaspoon (2.5 grams) of baking soda and 4 tablespoons (50 grams) of sugar in 4 cups (1 liter) of water. You may need to get fluids through a vein (IV) if you have diarrhea or vomiting and cannot drink or keep enough fluids in your body. You will need to go to your provider's office or the emergency room. If you take diuretics (water pills), talk to your provider. You may need to stop taking the diuretic while you have diarrhea. Never stop or change medicines without first talking to your provider. You can buy medicines at the drugstore that can help stop or slow diarrhea. Do not use these medicines without talking to your provider if you have bloody diarrhea or a fever. Do not give these medicines to children. Most people will get better in a few days, without treatment. Some uncommon types of E coli can cause severe anemia or kidney failure. Call for an appointment with your provider if: You are unable to keep down fluids. Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days (2 days for an infant or child), or it gets worse. Your child has been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months, call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins). You have abdominal pain that does not go away after a bowel movement. You have a fever above 101 F (38.3 C), or your child has a fever above 100.4 F (38 C) with diarrhea. You have recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea. You see blood or pus in your stool. You develop symptoms of dehydration, such as not peeing (or dry diapers in a baby), thirst, dizziness, or lightheadedness. You develop new symptoms. Traveler's diarrhea - E. coli; Food poisoning - E. coli; E. coli diarrhea; Hamburger disease. Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child Diarrhea - what to ask your health care provider - adult. Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Proper hand washing Proper hand washing. Mody RK, Griffin PM. Foodborne disease. |
| E Coli | CAFL | 7849,7847,1730,1722,1550,1320,1244,1000,957,934,856,840,832,804,802,799,776,642,634,556,548,413,333,330,327,289,282 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. Intestines Encyclopedia Entry for E Coli : E coli enteritis. E coli is a type of bacteria that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. Most of the time, it does not cause any problems. However, certain types (or strains) of E coli can cause food poisoning. One strain ( E coli O157:H7) can cause a severe case of food poisoning. Bacteria may get into your food in different ways: Meat or poultry may come into contact with normal bacteria from the intestines of an animal while it is being processed. Water used during growing or shipping may contain animal or human waste. Food may be handled in an unsafe way during transport or storage. Unsafe food handling or preparation may occur in grocery stores, restaurants, or homes. Food poisoning can occur after eating or drinking: Food prepared by a person who did not wash hands well Food prepared using unclean cooking utensils, cutting boards, or other tools Dairy products or food containing mayonnaise (such as coleslaw or potato salad) that have been out of the refrigerator too long Frozen or refrigerated foods that are not stored at the proper temperature or are not properly reheated Fish or oysters Raw fruits or vegetables that have not been washed well Raw vegetable or fruit juices and dairy products Undercooked meats or eggs Water from a well or stream, or city or town water that has not been treated Although not common, E coli can be spread from one person to another. This may happen when someone does not wash their hands after a bowel movement and then touches other objects or someone else's hands. Symptoms occur when E coli bacteria enter the intestine. Most of the time symptoms develop 24 to 72 hours after being infected. The most common symptom is sudden, severe diarrhea that is often bloody. Other symptoms may include: Fever Gas Loss of appetite Stomach cramping Vomiting (rare) Symptoms of a rare but severe E coli infection include: Bruises that happen easily Pale skin Red or bloody urine Reduced amount of urine. Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. A stool culture can be done to check for disease-causing E coli. Most of the time, you will recover from the most common types of E coli infection within a couple of days. The goal of treatment is to make you feel better and avoid dehydration. Getting enough fluids and learning what to eat will help keep you or your child comfortable. You may need to: Manage the diarrhea Control nausea and vomiting Get plenty of rest You can drink oral rehydration mixtures to replace fluids and minerals lost through vomiting and diarrhea. Oral rehydration powder can be purchased from a pharmacy. Be sure to mix the powder in safe water. You can make your own rehydration mixture by dissolving one half teaspoon (3 grams) of salt, one half teaspoon (2.5 grams) of baking soda and 4 tablespoons (50 grams) of sugar in 4 cups (1 liter) of water. You may need to get fluids through a vein (IV) if you have diarrhea or vomiting and cannot drink or keep enough fluids in your body. You will need to go to your provider's office or the emergency room. If you take diuretics (water pills), talk to your provider. You may need to stop taking the diuretic while you have diarrhea. Never stop or change medicines without first talking to your provider. You can buy medicines at the drugstore that can help stop or slow diarrhea. Do not use these medicines without talking to your provider if you have bloody diarrhea or a fever. Do not give these medicines to children. Most people will get better in a few days, without treatment. Some uncommon types of E coli can cause severe anemia or kidney failure. Call for an appointment with your provider if: You are unable to keep down fluids. Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days (2 days for an infant or child), or it gets worse. Your child has been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months, call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins). You have abdominal pain that does not go away after a bowel movement. You have a fever above 101 F (38.3 C), or your child has a fever above 100.4 F (38 C) with diarrhea. You have recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea. You see blood or pus in your stool. You develop symptoms of dehydration, such as not peeing (or dry diapers in a baby), thirst, dizziness, or lightheadedness. You develop new symptoms. Traveler's diarrhea - E. coli; Food poisoning - E. coli; E. coli diarrhea; Hamburger disease. Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child Diarrhea - what to ask your health care provider - adult. Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Proper hand washing Proper hand washing. Mody RK, Griffin PM. Foodborne disease. |
| E Coli 1 | CAFL | 332.5,798,1729,7847 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| E Coli 3 | XTRA | 802,882.44,974.14,17724.2,19566.31 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| E Coli 4 | XTRA | 282,298,327,333,413,548,642,660,690,727.5,787,799,800,802,804,832,880,957,1320,1550,1552,1722,2872,7849 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| E Coli Escherichia Coli | XTRA | 282,289,327,332,358,413,539,548,642,798,799,800,802,804,832,834,882.44,957,971.66,974.14,1320,1550,1722,1729,7847,7849,11125,12250,12281.25,17724.2,19566.31 | Also see Escherichia Coli programs. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| E Coli Mutant Strain | CAFL | 556,934,1242,1244,1703,632,634,776 | Also called Escherichia Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Ear Conditions Various | CAFL | 10000,880,787,727,776,766,688,683,652,645,542,535,440,410,340,201,158,20,9.19 | Discharges, tinnitus, itching and hearing loss. See Deafness, Otitis, and Ears. Ear |
| Ear Conditions Various 2 | XTRA | 9.18,20,727,787,880,10000 | A variety of conditions may affect your hearing or balance: Ear infections are the most common illness in infants and young children. Tinnitus, a roaring in your ears, can be the result of loud noises, medicines or a variety of other causes. Ear |
| Ear Discharge | XTRA | 9.18,9.19,20.660,690,727.5,787,880 | Ear discharge, also known as otorrhea, is any fluid that comes from the ear. Most of the time, your ears discharge earwax. This is an oil that your body naturally produces Ear Encyclopedia Entry for Ear Discharge : Ear discharge. Most of the time, any fluid leaking out of an ear is ear wax. A ruptured eardrum can cause a white, slightly bloody, or yellow discharge from the ear. Dry crusted material on a child's pillow is often a sign of a ruptured eardrum. The eardrum may also bleed. Causes of a ruptured eardrum include: Foreign object in the ear canal Injury from a blow to the head, foreign object, very loud noises, or sudden pressure changes (such as in airplanes) Inserting cotton-tipped swabs or other small objects into the ear Middle ear infection Other causes of ear discharge include: Eczema and other skin irritations in the ear canal Swimmer's ear -- with symptoms such as itching, scaling, a red or moist ear canal, and pain that increases when you move the earlobe. Caring for ear discharge at home depends on the cause. Call your health care provider if: The discharge is white, yellow, clear, or bloody. The discharge is the result of an injury. The discharge has lasted more than 5 days. There is severe pain. The discharge is associated with other symptoms, such as fever or headache. There is loss of hearing. There is redness or swelling coming out of the ear canal. Facial weakness or asymmetry. The provider will perform a physical exam and look inside the ears. You may be asked questions, such as: When did the ear drainage begin? What does it look like? How long has it lasted? Does it drain all the time or off-and-on? What other symptoms do you have (for example, fever, ear pain, headache)? The provider may take a sample of the ear drainage and send it to a lab for examination. The provider may recommend anti-inflammatory or antibiotic medicines, which are placed in the ear. Antibiotics may be given by mouth if a ruptured eardrum from an ear infection is causing the discharge. Drainage from the ear; Otorrhea; Ear bleeding; Bleeding from ear. Ear tube surgery - what to ask your doctor. Ear anatomy Ear anatomy Eardrum repair - series Eardrum repair - series. Bauer CA, Jenkins HA. Otologic symptoms and syndromes. |
| Ear Diseases | ETDF | 550,900,5150,55340,151090,387500,452500,621810,870530,921020 | Ear infections are the most common illness in infants and young children. Tinnitus, a roaring in your ears, can be the result of loud noises, medicines or a variety of other causes. Ear |
| Ear Fungus | CAFL | 854 | Other use: Influenzum Toxicum (homeopathic nosode for influenza). Ear |
| Ear General Conditions | XTRA | 9.19,9.2,20,158,201,340,410,440,535,542,645,652,660,683,690,727.5,787,880,10000 | Reduce the risk of ear infections by treating upper respiratory (ears, nose, throat) infections promptly. Some illnesses and medical conditions can affect your hearing. If you experience sudden hearing loss or have constant noise in your ears or head, see an ear doctor promptly. Drainage from the ear is not normal and usually suggests infection. See your doctor as soon as possible. Some medications can affect hearing. Take medications only as directed, and consult your doctor if you experience unusual hearing, balance problems, or ringing in the ears. Ear |
| Ear Wax | CAFL | 311,320,750,984 | Also see Cerumen. Ear Encyclopedia Entry for Ear Wax : Ear wax. Ear wax protects the ear by: Trapping and preventing dust, bacteria, and other germs and small objects from entering and damaging the ear Protecting the delicate skin of the ear canal from getting irritated when water is in the canal In some people, the glands produce more wax than can be easily removed from the ear. This extra wax may harden in the ear canal and block the ear. When you try to clean the ear, you may instead push wax deeper and block the ear canal. For this reason, health care providers recommend against trying to reach into your own ear to clean it. Some of the common symptoms are: Earache Fullness in the ear or a sensation that the ear is plugged Noises in the ear ( tinnitus ) Partial hearing loss, may get worse. Most cases of ear wax blockage can be treated at home. The following remedies can be used to soften wax in the ear: Baby oil Commercial drops Glycerin Mineral oil Water Another method is to wash out the wax. Use body-temperature water (cooler or warmer water may cause brief but severe dizziness or vertigo ). Hold your head upright and straighten the ear canal by holding the outside ear and gently pulling upward. Use a syringe (you can buy one at the store) to gently direct a small stream of water against the ear canal wall next to the wax plug. Tip your head to allow the water to drain. You may need to repeat irrigation several times. To avoid damaging your ear or causing an infection: Never irrigate or use drops to soften the wax in the ear if the eardrum may have a hole in it or you have had recent ear surgery. Do not irrigate the ear with a jet irrigator designed for cleaning teeth (such as a WaterPik). After the wax is removed, dry the ear thoroughly. You may use a few drops of alcohol in the ear or a hair dryer set on low to help dry the ear. You may clean the outer ear canal by using a cloth or paper tissue wrapped around your finger. Mineral oil can be used to moisturize the ear and prevent the wax from drying. Do not clean your ears too often or too hard. Ear wax also helps protect your ears. Never try to clean the ear by putting any object, such as a cotton swab, into the ear canal. If you cannot remove the wax plug or you have discomfort, consult a health care provider, who may remove the wax by: Repeating the irrigation attempts Suctioning the ear canal Using a small device called a curette Using a microscope to help. The ear may become blocked with wax again in the future. Hearing loss is often temporary. In most cases, hearing returns completely after the blockage is removed. Hearing aid users should have their ear canal checked for excess wax every 3 to 6 months. Rarely, trying to remove ear wax may cause an infection in the ear canal. This can also damage the eardrum. See your provider if your ears are blocked with wax and you are unable to remove the wax. Also call if you have an ear wax blockage and you develop new symptoms, such as: Drainage from the ear Ear pain Fever Hearing loss that continues after you clean the wax. Ear impaction; Cerumen impaction; Ear blockage; Hearing loss - ear wax. Wax blockage in the ear Wax blockage in the ear Ear anatomy Ear anatomy Medical findings based on ear anatomy Medical findings based on ear anatomy. Lee DJ, Roberts D. Topical therapies for external ear disorders. |
| Eating Disorders | ETDF | 140,220,620,58250,215500,442010,537500,617500,869710,975340 | The most common forms of eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and affect both females and males. Encyclopedia Entry for Eating Disorders : Eating disorders - resources. Anorexia nervosa - resources; Bulimia - resources; Overeating - resources; Resources - eating disorders; Resources - anorexia nervosa; Resources - bulimia. |
| Ebola 1 | XTRA | 30,1200,15200,35000,22500,25665,4000,36827,38660,37357 | Also called Hemorrhagic Fever. Use with 3.1MHz carrier (not needed in Remote Mode). |
| Ebola 2 | XTRA | 2890,5950,27875,30000,38567,25000,23110,35200,27747,37998 | Also called Hemorrhagic Shock. Use with 3.1MHz carrier (not needed in Remote Mode). |
| Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | XTRA | 169,234,239,244,479,957,1195,1914,3828 | Also called Hemorrhagic Shock. Encyclopedia Entry for Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever : Ebola hemorrhagic fever - Ebola virus (Filovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever : Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Source of disease: Ebolavirus (EBOV) |
| Ebola Virus | XTRA | 169,234,239,244,479,957,1195,1914,1828 | Virus causing Ebola, also called Hemorrhagic Shock. Encyclopedia Entry for Ebola Virus : Ebola virus disease. WHERE EBOLA OCCURS Ebola was discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, several small outbreaks have occurred in Africa. The 2014 outbreak was the largest. The countries most affected in this outbreak included: Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone Ebola has been previously reported in: Nigeria Senegal Spain United States Mali United Kingdom Italy There are no current cases of Ebola in these countries. Most of these cases were due to people traveling from a country where Ebola was spreading. There were four people diagnosed with Ebola in the United States. Two were imported cases, and two contracted the disease after caring for an Ebola patient in the United States. One man died from the disease. The other three recovered and do not have any symptoms of the disease. HOW EBOLA CAN SPREAD Ebola does not spread as easily as more common illnesses such as colds, the flu, or measles. There is NO evidence that the virus that causes Ebola is spread through the air or water. A person who has Ebola CANNOT spread the disease until symptoms appear. Ebola can ONLY spread between humans by direct contact with infected body fluids including but not limited to urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen. The virus can enter the body through a break in the skin or through mucous membranes, including the eyes, nose, and mouth. Ebola can also spread by contact with ANY surfaces, objects, and materials that have been in contact with body fluids from a sick person, such as: Bedclothes and bedding Clothing Bandages Needles and syringes Medical equipment In Africa, Ebola may also be spread by: Handling infected wild animals hunted for food (bushmeat) Contact with blood or body fluids of infected animals Contact with infected bats Ebola does NOT spread through: Air Water Food Insects (mosquitoes) Health care workers and people caring for sick relatives are at high risk for developing Ebola because they are more likely to come in to direct contact with body fluids. The proper use of personal protective equipment PPE greatly reduces this risk. The time between exposure and when symptoms occur (incubation period) is 2 to 21 days. On average, symptoms develop in 8 to 10 days. Early symptoms of Ebola include: Fever greater than 101.5 F (38.6 C) Chills Severe headache Sore throat Muscle pain Weakness Fatigue Rash Abdominal (stomach) pain Diarrhea Vomiting Late symptoms include: Bleeding from the mouth and rectum Bleeding from eyes, ears, and nose Organ failure A person who does not have symptoms 21 days after being exposed to Ebola will not develop the disease. There is no known cure for Ebola. Experimental treatments have been used, but none have been fully tested to see if they work well and are safe. People with Ebola must be treated in a hospital. There, they can be isolated so the disease cannot spread. Health care providers will treat the symptoms of the disease. Treatment for Ebola is supportive and includes: Fluids given through a vein (IV) Oxygen Blood pressure management Treatment for other infections Blood transfusions Survival depends on how a person's immune system responds to the virus. A person also may be more likely to survive if they receive good medical care. People who survive Ebola are immune from the virus for 10 years or more. They can no longer spread Ebola. It is not known whether they can be infected with a different species of Ebola. However, men who survive can carry the Ebola virus in their sperm for as long as 3 to 9 months. They should abstain from sex or use condoms for 12 months or until their semen has twice tested negative. Long-term complications can include joint and vision problems. Call your provider if you have traveled to West Africa and: Know you have been exposed to Ebola You develop symptoms of the disorder, including fever Getting treatment right away may improve the chances of survival. There is currently no vaccine to protect against Ebola, although a vaccine is being tested. If you plan to travel to one of the countries where Ebola is present, the CDC recommends taking the following steps to prevent illness: Practice careful hygiene. Wash your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Avoid contact with blood and body fluids. Avoid contact with people who have a fever, are vomiting, or appear ill. Do not handle items that may have come in contact with an infected person's blood or body fluids. This includes clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment. Avoid funeral or burial rituals that require handling the body of someone who has died from Ebola. Avoid contact with bats and nonhuman primates or blood, fluids, and raw meat prepared from these animals. Avoid hospitals in West Africa where Ebola patients are being treated. If you need medical care, the United States embassy or consulate is often able to provide advice about facilities. After you return, pay attention to your health for 21 days. Seek medical care right away if you develop symptoms of Ebola, such as a fever. Tell the provider that you have been to a country where Ebola is present. Health care workers who may be exposed to people with Ebola should follow these steps: Wear PPE, including protective clothing, including masks, gloves, gowns, and eye protection. Practice proper infection control and sterilization measures. Isolate patients with Ebola from other patients. Avoid direct contact with the bodies of people who have died from Ebola. Notify health officials if you have had direct contact with the blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with Ebola. Ebola hemorrhagic fever; Ebola virus infection; Viral hemorrhagic fever; Ebola. Ebola virus disease Ebola virus Antibodies Antibodies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease). www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola. Updated October 18, 2017. Accessed February 8, 2018. Geisbert TW. Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers (Marburg and Ebola viral diseases) (filoviruses). |
| Ebstein Anomaly | ETDF | 260,650,11090,5710,42500,65830,92500,234250,452590,815870 | Congenital heart defect in tricuspid valve. Encyclopedia Entry for Ebstein Anomaly : Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is normally made of three parts, called leaflets or flaps. The leaflets open to allow blood to move from the right atrium (top chamber) to the right ventricle (bottom chamber) while the heart relaxes. They close to prevent blood from moving from the right ventricle to the right atrium while the heart pumps. Ebstein In people with Ebstein anomaly, the leaflets are placed deeper into the right ventricle instead of the normal position. The leaflets are often larger than normal. The defect most often causes the valve to work poorly, and blood may go the wrong way. Instead of flowing out to the lungs, the blood flows back into the right atrium. The backup of blood flow can lead to heart enlargement and fluid buildup in the body. There may also be narrowing of the valve that leads to the lungs (pulmonary valve). In many cases, people also have a hole in the wall separating the heart's two upper chambers ( atrial septal defect ) and blood flow across this hole may cause oxygen-poor blood to go to the body. This can cause cyanosis, a blue tint to the skin caused by oxygen-poor blood. Ebstein anomaly occurs as a baby develops in the womb. The exact cause is unknown. The use of certain drugs (such as lithium or benzodiazepines) during pregnancy may play a role. The condition is rare. It is more common in white people. The abnormality can be slight or very severe. Therefore, the symptoms can also range from mild to very severe. Symptoms can develop soon after birth, and can include bluish-colored lips and nails due to low blood oxygen levels. In severe cases, the baby appears very sick and has trouble breathing. In mild cases, the affected person may be asymptomatic for many years, sometimes even permanently. Symptoms in older children may include: Cough Failure to grow Fatigue Rapid breathing Shortness of breath Very fast heartbeat. Newborns who have a severe leakage across the tricuspid valve will have a very low level of oxygen in their blood and significant heart enlargement. The health care provider may hear abnormal heart sounds, such as a murmur, when listening to the chest with a stethoscope. Tests that can help diagnose this condition include: Chest x-ray Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart Measurement of the electrical activity of the heart (EKG) Ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram). Treatment depends on the severity of the defect and the specific symptoms. Medical care may include: Medications to help with heart failure, such as diuretics. Oxygen and other breathing support. Surgery to correct the valve. Replacement of the tricuspid valve. This may be needed for children who continue to worsen or who have more serious complications. In general, the earlier symptoms develop, the more severe the disease. Some people may have either no symptoms or very mild symptoms. Others may worsen over time, developing blue coloring (cyanosis), heart failure, heart block, or dangerous heart rhythms. A severe leakage can lead to swelling of the heart and liver, and congestive heart failure. Other complications may include: Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), including abnormally fast rhythms (tachyarrhythmias) and abnormally slow rhythms (bradyarrhythmias and heart block) Blood clots from the heart to other parts of the body Brain abscess. Call your provider if your child develops symptoms of this condition. Get medical attention right away if breathing problems occur. There is no known prevention, other than talking with your provider before a pregnancy if you are taking medicines that are thought to be related to developing this disease. You may be able to prevent some of the complications of the disease. For example, taking antibiotics before dental surgery may help prevent endocarditis. Ebstein's anomaly; Ebstein's malformation; Congenital heart defect - Ebstein; Birth defect heart - Ebstein; Cyanotic heart disease - Ebstein. Ebstein Ebstein's anomaly. Bhatt AB, Foster E, Kuehl K, et al. Congenital heart disease in the older adult: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(21):1884-1931. PMID: 25896865 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896865. Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF. Cyanotic congenital heart lesions: lesions associated with decreased pulmonary blood flow. |
| EBV 1 | XTRA | 105,172,253,274,380,660,663,667,669,738,825,1013,1920,6618,8768 | Also called Epstein Barr Virus, or Human Herpesvirus 4. Causes mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and HIV. Also see Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucleosis. |
| EBV 2 | XTRA | 929.52,941.92,18670.15,18919.09 | Also called Epstein Barr Virus, or Human Herpesvirus 4. Causes mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and HIV. Also see Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucleosis. Other uses: Alpha Streptococcus, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. |
| EBV 3 | XTRA | 660,663,669 | Also called Epstein Barr Virus, or Human Herpesvirus 4. Causes mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and HIV. Also see Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucleosis. |
| EBV Infections | ETDF | 70,520,700,930,372500,375000,380000,382850,519340,791280 | Also called Epstein Barr Virus, or Human Herpesvirus 4. Causes mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and HIV. Also see Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucleosis. |
| EBV Secondary | XTRA | 465,727,744,776,778,787,880,1032,1920 | Also called Epstein Barr Virus, or Human Herpesvirus 4. Causes mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and HIV. Also see Infectious Mononucleosis and Mononucleosis. |
| Ecchymosis | ETDF | 110,550,800,23500,117500,252500,462500,596500,797500,975340 | Bruise-like tissue bleed not necessarily caused by trauma. |
| Ecdysone | XTRA | 147897575099000000000000000 | Experimental. Insect molting hormone. Regular use may defeat patented ecdysone receptor technology which allows various insects to inhabit the body. |
| Echinococcinum | VEGA | 453,164,623,542 | Homeopathic remedy for Echinococcus tapeworms in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinococcosis | ETDF | 120,550,5850,81500,127550,241520,471500,625300,853000,915090 | Infestation of Echinococcus tapeworms. Also called Hydatid disease. Encyclopedia Entry for Echinococcosis : Echinococcosis. Humans become infected when they swallow the tapeworm eggs in contaminated food. The eggs then form cysts inside the body. A cyst is a closed pocket or pouch. The cysts keep growing, which leads to symptoms. E granulosus is an infection caused by tapeworms found in dogs, and livestock such as sheep, pigs, goats, and cattle. These tapeworms are around 2 to 7 mm long. The infection is called cystic echinococcosis (CE). It leads to growth of cysts mainly in the lungs and liver. Cysts can also be found in the heart, bones, and brain. E multilocularis is the infection caused by tapeworms found in dogs, cats, rodents, and foxes. These tapeworms are around 1 to 4 mm long. The infection is called alveolar echinococcosis (AE). It is a life-threatening condition because tumor-like growths form in the liver. Other organs, such as the lungs and brain can be affected. Children or young adults are more prone to get the infection. Echinococcosis is common in: Africa Central Asia Southern South America The Mediterranean The Middle East In rare cases, the infection is seen in the United States. It has been reported in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Risk factors include being exposed to: Cattle Deer Feces of dogs, foxes, wolves, or coyotes Pigs Sheep Camels. Cysts may produce no symptoms for 10 years or more. As the disease advances and the cysts get larger, symptoms may include: Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen (liver cyst) Increase in size of the abdomen due to swelling (liver cyst) Bloody sputum (lung cyst) Chest pain (lung cyst) Cough (lung cyst) Severe allergic reaction ( anaphylaxis ) when cysts break open. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. If the provider suspects CE or AE, tests that may be done to find the cysts include: X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound to view the cysts Blood tests, such as enzyme-linked immunoassay ( ELISA ), liver function tests Most often, echinococcosis cysts are found when an imaging test is done for another reason. Many people can be treated with anti-worm medicines. A procedure that involves inserting a needle through the skin into the cyst may be tried. The contents of the cyst is removed ( aspirated ) through the needle. Then medicine is sent through the needle to kill the tapeworm. The cysts may be removed with surgery, if possible. But this can be a complicated surgery. If the cysts respond to oral medicines, the likely outcome is good. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder. Measures to prevent CE and AE include: Staying away from wild animals including foxes, wolves, and coyotes Avoiding contact with stray dogs Washing hands well after touching pet dogs or cats, and before handling food. Hydatidosis; Hydatid disease, Hydatid cyst disease; Alveolar cyst disease. Liver echinococcus - CT scan Liver echinococcus - CT scan Antibodies Antibodies. Fischer PR, Cabada MM, White AC. Echinococcosis ( Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis ). Encyclopedia Entry for Echinococcosis : Echinococcosis. Source of disease: Echinococcus species |
| Echinococcus Granulosus 1 | XTRA | 1093.5,1106.75,13785.94,13953.12 | Tapeworm in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinococcus Granulosus 2 | XTRA | 142,164,187,333,453,522,523,542,562,624,662,663,768,786,803,843,854,1223,1360,3032,5122,5522 | Tapeworm in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinococcus Granulosus 3 | XTRA | 1119.4,1143.94,14112.5,14421.87 | Tapeworm in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinococcus Granulosus Larval | XTRA | 410 | Larval stage of tapeworm in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinococcus Multilocularis | XTRA | 1129.94,1136.14,14245.3,14323.44 | Tapeworm in dogs, wolves, cats, and rodents that can infect man. |
| Echinoparyphium Recurvatum | HC | 418550-423900 | Also spelled Echinoporyphium. Type of fluke normally found in domesticated birds and freshwater snails. |
| Echinoparyphium Recurvatum | XTRA | 1037.48,1043.54,1050.74,13079.69,13156.25,13246.87 | Also spelled Echinoporyphium. Type of fluke normally found in domesticated birds and freshwater snails. |
| Echinostoma Revolutum | HC | 425500-429650 | Type of fluke ingested from undercooked snails, shellfish, and frogs. |
| Echinostoma Revolutum | XTRA | 1054.71,1060,91,1065,13296.87,13375,13426.55 | Type of fluke ingested from undercooked snails, shellfish, and frogs. |
| Echo Virus | CAFL | 922,788,765,722,625,620,614,613,612,611,610,609,608,607,606,605,604,603,514,461 | Virus causing meningitis, particularly in children, and Endometritis Tuberculosa. Encyclopedia Entry for Echo Virus : ECHO virus. Echovirus is one of several families of viruses that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Together, these are called enteroviruses. These infections are common. In the United States, they are most common in the summer and fall. You can catch the virus if you come into contact with stool contaminated by the virus, and possibly by breathing in air particles from an infected person. Serious infections with ECHO viruses are much less common, but can be significant. For example, some cases of viral meningitis (inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord) is caused by an ECHO virus. Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Chest pain if the infection affects the heart muscle or sac-like covering around the heart ( pericarditis ) Severe headache, mental status changes, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light, if the infection affects the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ). Because the illness is often mild and has no specific treatment, testing for echovirus is often not done. ECHO virus can be identified from: Rectal culture Spinal fluid culture Stool culture Throat culture. ECHO virus infections almost always clear up on their own. No specific medicines are available to fight the virus. Immune system treatment called IVIG may help people with severe ECHO virus infections who have a weakened immune system. Antibiotics are not effective against this virus, or any other virus. People who have the less severe types of illness should recover completely without treatment. Infections of organs such as the heart may cause severe disease and can be deadly. Complications vary with the site and type of infection. Heart infections may be deadly, while most other types of infection improve on their own. Call your health care provider if you have any of the symptoms listed above. No specific preventive measures are available for ECHO virus infections other than hand-washing, especially when you are in contact with sick people. Currently, no vaccines are available. Nonpolio enterovirus infection; Echovirus infection. ECHO virus type 9 exanthem ECHO virus type 9 - exanthem Antibodies Antibodies. Romero JR. Enteroviruses. |
| Echo Virus (Endometritis Tuberculosa) | VEGA | 620 | Virus causing uterine infections and meningitis. Also see Tuberculosis, Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Problems, and Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan Virus. |
| Eclampsia | ETDF | 30,500,850,5710,7250,13980,247500,450000,695830,895870 | Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Also see Hypertension. Encyclopedia Entry for Eclampsia : Eclampsia. The exact cause of eclampsia is not known. Factors that may play a role include: Blood vessel problems Brain and nervous system (neurological) factors Diet Genes Eclampsia follows a condition called preeclampsia. This is a complication of pregnancy in which a woman has high blood pressure and other findings. Most women with preeclampsia do not go on to have seizures. It is hard to predict which women will. Women at high risk of seizures often have severe preeclampsia with findings such as: Abnormal blood tests Headaches Very high blood pressure Vision changes Abdominal pain Your chances of getting preeclampsia increase when: You are 35 or older. You are African American. This is your first pregnancy. You have diabetes , high blood pressure, or kidney disease. You are having more than 1 baby (such as twins or triplets). You are a teen. Symptoms of eclampsia include: Seizures Severe agitation Unconsciousness Most women will have these symptoms of preeclampsia before the seizure: Headaches Nausea and vomiting Stomach pain Swelling of the hands and face Vision problems, such as loss of vision, blurred vision, double vision, or missing areas in the visual field. The health care provider will do a physical exam to look for causes of seizures. Your blood pressure and breathing rate will be checked regularly. Blood and urine tests may be done to check: Blood clotting factors Creatinine Hematocrit Uric acid Liver function Platelet count Protein in the urine. The main treatment to prevent severe preeclampsia from progressing to eclampsia is giving birth to the baby. Letting the pregnancy go on can be dangerous for you and the baby. You may be given medicine to prevent seizures. These medicines are called anticonvulsants. Your provider may give medicine to lower high blood pressure. If your blood pressure stays high, delivery may be needed, even if it is before the baby is due. Women with eclampsia or preeclampsia have a higher risk for: Separation of the placenta ( placenta abruptio ) Premature delivery that leads to complications in the baby Blood clotting problems Stroke. Call your provider or go to the emergency room if you have any symptoms of eclampsia or preeclampsia. Emergency symptoms include seizures or decreased alertness. Seek medical care right away if you have any of the following: Bright red vaginal bleeding Little or no movement in the baby Severe headache Severe pain in the upper right abdominal area Vision loss Nausea or vomiting. Getting medical care during your entire pregnancy is important in preventing complications. This allows problems such as preeclampsia to be detected and treated early. Getting treatment for preeclampsia may prevent eclampsia. Pregnancy - eclampsia; Preeclampsia - eclampsia; High blood pressure - eclampsia; Seizure - eclampsia; Hypertension - eclampsia. Preeclampsia Preeclampsia. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122-1131. PMID: 24150027 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150027. Markham KB, Funai EF. Pregnancy-related hypertension. |
| Ecthyma Contagious | ETDF | 150,830,7620,67920,197500,212850,405000,527500,716500,871200 | Also called Orf Disease. Viral skin disease mainly found in sheep and goats, but which can infect man. |
| Ectodermal Dysplasia | ETDF | 130,520,830,8500,12530,145830,262500,397500,633910,825170 | Group of genetic disorders manifesting in skin, sweat glands, teeth, hair, eyes and other craniofacial features. Encyclopedia Entry for Ectodermal Dysplasia : Ectodermal dysplasias. There are many different types of ectodermal dysplasias. Each type of dysplasia is caused by specific mutations in certain genes. Dysplasia means abnormal development of cells or tissues. The most common form of ectodermal dysplasia usually affects men. Other forms of the disease affect men and women equally. People with ectodermal dysplasia may not sweat or may have decreased sweating because of a lack of sweat glands. In children with the disease, their bodies may have a problem controlling fevers. Even a mild illness can produce an extremely high fever, because the skin cannot sweat and control temperature properly. Affected adults are unable to tolerate a warm environment and need special measures to keep a normal body temperature. Depending on which genes are affected, other symptoms may include: Abnormal nails Abnormal or missing teeth, or fewer than normal number of teeth Cleft lip Decreased skin color (pigment) Large forehead Low nasal bridge Thin, sparse hair Learning disabilities Poor hearing Poor vision with decreased tear production Weakened immune system. Tests that may be done include: Biopsy of the mucous membranes Biopsy of the skin Genetic testing (available for some types of this disorder) X-rays of the teeth or bones may be done. There is no specific treatment for this disorder. Instead, symptoms are treated as needed. Some things you can do include: Wear a wig and dentures to improve appearance. Use artificial tears to replace normal tearing and prevent drying of the eyes. Spray the nostrils with saline nose spray often to remove debris and prevent infection. Take cooling water baths or use water sprays to keep a normal body temperature (water evaporating from the skin replaces the cooling function of sweat evaporating from the skin). These resources can provide more information on ectodermal dysplasias: Ectodermal Dysplasia Society -- www.ectodermaldysplasia.org National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias -- www.nfed.org NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center -- rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6317/ectodermal-dysplasia. Having the common variant of ectodermal dysplasia will not shorten your lifespan, but you must pay constant attention to temperature regulation and other problems associated with this condition. Health problems from this condition may include: Brain damage caused by increased body temperature Seizures caused by high fever ( febrile seizures ). Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child shows symptoms of this disorder. If you have a family history of ectodermal dysplasia and you are planning to have children, genetic counseling is recommended. In many cases, it is possible to diagnose ectodermal dysplasia while the baby is still in the womb. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome; Anondontia; Incontinentia pigmenti. Skin layers Skin layers. Grange DK. Ectodermal dysplasias. |
| Ectoparasitic Infestations | ETDF | 110,1490,32570,102250,212500,432500,672500,735340,893500,930100 | Infestation of skin parasites or mites. Other use: hypopharyngeal cancer. |
| Ectropion | ETDF | 120,350,950,7500,127500,247500,465000,596500,655720,875340 | Eversion of the lower eyelid. Encyclopedia Entry for Ectropion : Ectropion. Ectropion is very often caused by the aging process. The connective (supporting) tissue of the eyelid becomes weak. This causes the lid to turn out so that the side of the lower lid is no longer against the eyeball. It can also be caused by: A defect that occurs before birth (for example, in children with Down syndrome ) Facial palsy Scar tissue from burns. Symptoms include: Dry, painful eyes Excess tearing of the eye ( epiphora ) Eyelid turns outward (downward) Long-term (chronic) conjunctivitis Keratitis Redness of the lid and white part of the eye If you have ectropion, you will most likely have excess tearing. This happens because the eye gets dry, then makes more tears. The excess tears can't get into the tear drainage duct. Therefore, they build up inside the lower lid and then spill over the edge of the lid onto the cheek. The health care provider will make a diagnosis by doing an exam of the eyes and eyelids. Special tests are not needed most of the time. Artificial tears (a lubricant) may ease dryness and keep the cornea moist. Ointment may be helpful when the eye can't close all of the way, such as when you are asleep. Surgery is very often effective. The surgeon will tighten the muscles that hold the eyelids in place. It may be done as outpatient surgery setting. A medicine is used to numb the area (local anesthesia) before the surgery. The outcome very often good with treatment. Corneal dryness and irritation may lead to: Corneal abrasions Corneal ulcers Eye infections Corneal ulcers can cause vision loss. Call your provider if you have symptoms of ectropion. If you have ectropion, get emergency medical help if you have: Vision that is getting worse Pain Sensitivity to light Eye redness that is getting worse quickly. Most cases are cannot be prevented. You may use artificial tears or ointments to prevent injury to the cornea. . Eye Eye. Belliveau MJ, Vargason CW, Burkat CN, Marcet MM, Belliveau MJ, Goel S. Ectropion. American Academy of Ophthalmology Web site. Updated November 17, 2015. eyewiki.aao.org/Ectropion#Etiology. Accessed September 8, 2016. Cahill KV, Doxanas MT. Eyelid abnormalities: ectropion, entropion, trichiasis. |
| Eczema | CAFL | 9.19,707,1550,802,787,727,10000,5000,2720,2008,2180,2128,664,120,20 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema | ETDF | 80,410,9800,87500,202500,345000,607500,725830,850000,924370 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema 1 | CAFL | 770,916,415 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema 2 | CAFL | 730.2,1550,802,787,690 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema 2 | XTRA | 9.18,9.19,9.39,9.4,20,120,415,660,664,690,707,727.5,770,787,802,916,1550,2127.5,2180,2720,5000,10000 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema 3 | XTRA | 415,770,916 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Skin |
| Eczema Vascular and Lung | CAFL | 9.19,727,787,1550 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Can also cause blood vessel and lung problems. |
| Eczema Vascular and Lung | XTRA | 9.18,9.39,727,787,1550 | Also called Dermatitis. Skin condition with itchy, weeping, crusting patches. Can also cause blood vessel and lung problems. |
| Edema | ETDF | 70,230,8970,77500,132500,232500,431870,602530,775300,852720 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. |
| Edema 1 | CAFL | 6.3,148,440,444,465,522,727,787,880 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. Heart |
| Edema 1 | XTRA | 6.29,20,24.3,146,148,440,444,465,522,660,690,727.5,787,880,1865,3000,5000,10000 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. |
| Edema 2 | CAFL | 6.3,20,40,146,148,440,444,465,522,727,787,880,5000,10000 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. |
| Edema and Swelling | CAFL | 6.3,20,146,148,440,444,465,522,727,787,880,5000,10000 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. |
| Edema Swelling | CAFL | 6.3,20,440,444,465,522,727,787,880,5000,10000 | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin and in body cavities. Also see Kidney insufficiency, and appropriate Lymph programs. |
| Eggs of Worms | XTRA | 164,793,969,5243 | Also see Parasites programs. |
| Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome | ETDF | 150,180,930,2750,125340,246200,405000,731500,826500,921340 | Inherited connective tissue disorder with six different types. Encyclopedia Entry for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome : Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. There are six major types and at least five minor types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A variety of gene changes (mutations) cause problems with collagen. This is the material that provides strength and structure to: Skin Bone Blood vessels Internal organs The abnormal collagen leads to the symptoms associated with EDS. In some forms of the syndrome, the rupture of internal organs or abnormal heart valves can occur. Family history is a risk factor in some cases. Symptoms of EDS include: Back pain Double-jointedness Easily damaged, bruised, and stretchy skin Easy scarring and poor wound healing Flat feet Increased joint mobility, joints popping, early arthritis Joint dislocation Joint pain Premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy Very soft and velvety skin Vision problems. Examination by a health care provider may show: Deformed surface of the eye (cornea) Excess joint looseness and joint hypermobility Mitral valve in the heart does not close tightly ( mitral valve prolapse ) Gum infection ( periodontitis ) Rupture of intestines, uterus, or eyeball (seen only in vascular EDS, which is rare) Soft, thin, or very stretchy skin Tests to diagnose EDS include: Collagen typing (performed on a skin biopsy sample) Collagen gene mutation testing Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) Lysyl hydroxylase or oxidase activity (to check collagen formation). There is no specific cure for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Individual problems and symptoms are evaluated and cared for appropriately. Physical therapy or evaluation by a doctor specializing in rehabilitation medicine is often needed. People with EDS generally have a normal life span. Intelligence is normal. Those with the rare vascular type of EDS are at greater risk of rupture of a major organ or blood vessel. These people have a high risk of sudden death. Possible complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome include: Chronic joint pain Early-onset arthritis Failure of surgical wounds to close (or stitches tear out) Premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy Rupture of major vessels, including a ruptured aortic aneurysm (only in vascular EDS) Rupture of a hollow organ such as the uterus or bowel (only in vascular EDS) Rupture of the eyeball. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have a family history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and you are concerned about your risk or are planning to start a family. Call for an appointment with your provider if you or your child has symptoms of EDS. Genetic counseling is recommended for prospective parents with a family history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Those planning to start a family should be aware of the type of EDS they have and its mode of how it is passed down to children. This can be determined through testing and evaluations suggested by your provider or genetic counselor. Identifying any significant health risks may help prevent severe complications by vigilant screening and lifestyle alterations. Krakow D. Heritable diseases of connective tissue. |
| Ehrlichia 4 | XTRA | 129,521.2,523,549,607,632,720,726,943,1062,1357,2084.8 | Rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia 5 | XTRA | 7989,4880,4870,1590,1455,4996.9,5054.9,884,846,797,758,693,673,579,578,577,422,417,239,128 | Rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia Chaffeensis | PROV | 300,336.39,382.19,394.69,528.39,672.7,749.2,764.39,918,1200,1317.2,1345.4,1364.9,1369.79,1836,14980.5 | Rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia Chaffeensis | XTRA | 595.64 | See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia Equi | PROV | 1.19,250,295,349,354.19,406,469.69,590,637.89,698,939.29,1180,1223.4,1416.9,1878.7,2833.9,3248.3,3757.3,7080.5 | Rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia Lyme | XTRA | 395 | Rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichia Phagocytophila | XTRA | 586.8 | See Rickettsia Rickettsii. |
| Ehrlichiosis | ETDF | 80,120,850,58870,224030,410200,585830,626070,725340,826900 | Infection of rickettsial tick-borne bacteria, common in Lyme Disease. See Rickettsia Rickettsii. Encyclopedia Entry for Ehrlichiosis : Ehrlichiosis - Ehrlichia sp. (G- intracellular bacteria) transmitted by ticks Encyclopedia Entry for Ehrlichiosis : Ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichiosis is caused by bacteria that belong to the family called rickettsiae. Rickettsial bacteria cause a number of serious diseases worldwide, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. All of these diseases are spread to humans by a tick , flea, or mite bite. Scientists first described ehrlichiosis in 1990. There are two types of the disease in the United States: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by the rickettsial bacteria Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is also called human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). It is caused by the rickettsial bacteria called Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ehrlichia bacteria can be carried by the: American dog tick Deer tick ( Ixodes scapularis ), which can also cause Lyme disease Lone Star tick In the United States, HME is found mainly in the southern central states and the Southeast. HGE is found mainly in the Northeast and upper Midwest. Risk factors for ehrlichiosis include: Living near an area with a lot of ticks Owning a pet that may bring a tick home Walking or playing in high grasses. The incubation period between the tick bite and when symptoms occur is about 7 to 14 days. Symptoms may seem like the flu (influenza), and may include: Fever and chills Headache Muscle aches Nausea Other possible symptoms: Diarrhea Fine pinhead-sized areas of bleeding into the skin (petechial rash) Flat red rash (maculopapular rash), which is uncommon General ill feeling ( malaise ) A rash appears in fewer than one third of cases. Sometimes, the disease may be mistaken for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The symptoms are often mild, but people are sometimes sick enough to see a health care provider. The provider will do a physical exam and check your vital signs, including: Blood pressure Heart rate Temperature Other tests include: Complete blood count ( CBC ) Granulocyte stain Indirect fluorescent antibody test Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of blood sample. Antibiotics (tetracycline or doxycycline) are used to treat the disease. Children should not take tetracycline by mouth until after all their permanent teeth have grown in, because it can permanently change the color of growing teeth. Doxycycline that is used for 2 weeks or less usually does not discolor a child's permanent teeth. Rifampin has also been used in people who cannot tolerate doxycycline. Ehrlichiosis is rarely deadly. With antibiotics, people usually improve within 24 to 48 hours. Recovery may take up to 3 weeks. Untreated, this infection may lead to: Coma Death (rare) Kidney damage Lung damage Other organ damage Seizure In rare cases, a tick bite can lead to more than one infection (co-infection). This is because ticks can carry more than one type of organism. Two such infections are: Lyme disease Babesiosis, a parasitic disease similar to malaria. Call your provider if you become sick after a recent tick bite or if you have been in areas where ticks are common. Be sure to tell your provider about the tick exposure. Ehrlichiosis is spread by tick bites. Measures should be taken to prevent tick bites, including: Wear long pants and long sleeves when walking through heavy brush, tall grass, and thickly wooded areas. Pull your socks over the outside of pants to prevent ticks from crawling up your leg. Keep your shirt tucked into your pants. Wear light-colored clothes so that ticks can be spotted easily. Spray your clothes with insect repellent. Check your clothes and skin often while in the woods. After returning home: Remove your clothes. Look closely at all skin surfaces, including scalp. Ticks can quickly climb up the length of body. Some ticks are large and easy to locate. Other ticks can be quite small, so carefully look at all black or brown spots on the skin. If possible, ask someone to help you examine your body for ticks. An adult should examine children carefully. Studies suggest that a tick must be attached to your body for at least 24 hours to cause disease. Early removal may prevent infection. If you are bitten by a tick, write down the date and time the bite happened. Bring this information, along with the tick (if possible), to your provider if you become sick. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis; HME; Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; HGE; Human granulocytic anaplasmosis; HGA. Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichiosis Antibodies Antibodies. Angelakis E, Raoult D. Bartonellosis, cat-scratch disease, trench fever, human ehrlichiosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Ehrlichiosis : Ehrlichiosis. Source of disease: Ehrlichia species |
| Eikanella Corrodens | HC | 379500-384300 | Oral/dental and upper respiratory bacteria common in head and neck cancers, and human bite infections. |
| Eikanella Corrodens 1 | XTRA | 940.69,946.87,952.58,11859.37,11937.5,12009.37 | Oral/dental and upper respiratory bacteria common in head and neck cancers, and human bite infections. |
| Eikanella Corrodens 2 | XTRA | 946.87,19018.65 | Oral/dental and upper respiratory bacteria common in head and neck cancers, and human bite infections. |
| Eisenmenger Complex | ETDF | 20,240,700,870,2500,17500,75340,197500,315700,419340 | Cyanotic heart defect in which blood flow is reversed, causing serious complications in pregnancy. |
| Elbow Pain 1 | XTRA | 1.19,26,160,250,2720,3000,10000 | While overuse injuries such as tennis and golfer's elbow are common causes of elbow pain, other conditions can include:Bursitis may be caused by repetitive use or frequent pressure or by injury to the elbow. osteoarthritis the joint cartilage becomes brittle and splits. |
| Electrical Sensitivity Reduce | XTRA | 657 | Symptoms may include headache, fatigue, stress, sleep disturbance, skin prickling, burning, rashes, muscle ache and other problems on exposure to EMFs. |
| Electrolyte Levels | CAFL | 8.1,20,10000 | Improves electrical conductivity in the body. |
| Elephantiasis | CAFL | 623,824,865,710 | Massive swelling of parts of the body due to Lymphangitis, Filariasis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, or Proteus Syndrome. Skin |
| Elephantiasis 2 | XTRA | 112,120,623,710,824,865 | Massive swelling of parts of the body due to Lymphangitis, Filariasis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, or Proteus Syndrome. |
| Embolism Cholesterol | ETDF | 50,570,920,2530,12340,53020,78300,158300,257020,410000 | Usually caused by atherosclerotic plaque break-up. |
| Embryopathies | ETDF | 90,370,910,128500,236500,302270,491610,651020,708570,879210 | Developmental disorders or diseases in embryos. |
| Emesis | ETDF | 190,4210,68500,97500,202770,478000,592580,604130,712230,892000 | Vomiting. |
| Emetophobia | ETDF | 80,620,870,5810,225000,423070,572000,727330,841120,903910 | Emetophobia is a phobia that causes overwhelming, intense anxiety pertaining to vomiting. This specific phobia can also include subcategories of what causes the anxiety, including a fear of vomiting in public, a fear of seeing vomit, a fear of watching the action of vomiting or fear of being nauseated. |
| Emotion Abnormal Behaviour | CAFL | 664,764,6000 | There are many things that can cause abnormal behavior. Biological and psychological issues can both play a part in abnormality. A few general causes of abnormal behavior include the following:Some people cope with these feelings by engaging in behaviors that some people would consider odd. Mind |
| Emotional Balance 1 | XTRA | 15,644,764 | Emotional balanceis the ability of the mind and body to maintain equilibrium and flexibility in the face of challenge and change.Emotional balancepromotes physical health, and is a prerequisite for personal wellbeing and growth. Mind |
| Emotional Patterns Release | XTRA | 396 | Fear and guilt. Solfeggio Frequency. Mind |
| Emotional Spectrum | XTRA | 72 | The Emotional Electromagnetic Spectrum is an energy field that is fueled by the emotions of all sentient beings. Mind |
| Emotional Ties to Diseases | CAFL | 764,664 | Anger, anxiety, and depression can trigger inflammation linked to heart disease.We all know from life experience that negative emotions like stress, anxiety, fear, depression, and anger each have tell-tale bodily warning signs attached to them. Mind |
| Emotions and Sleep 1 | XTRA | 11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33 | Emotions play a key role in overall mental health, and sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal homeostasis of emotional functioning. Mind |
| Emotions and Sleep 2 | XTRA | 32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46 | Emotions play a key role in overall mental health, and sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal homeostasis of emotional functioning. Deficient sleep, both in the form of sleep deprivation and restriction, adversely impacts emotion generation, emotion regulation, and emotional expression. Mind |
| Emotions and Sleep 3 | XTRA | 47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61 | Emotions play a key role in overall mental health, and sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal homeostasis of emotional functioning. Deficient sleep, both in the form of sleep deprivation and restriction, adversely impacts emotion generation, emotion regulation, and emotional expression. Mind |
| Emotions General Aid | XTRA | 4.9,20,72,95,125,146,428,522,802,1550,10000 | Positive emotions feel good.Existing evidence suggests that positive emotions reliably alter people's thinking and actions. Together with this past work, the experiments described in this article suggest that one reason positive emotions are worth pursuing is that they can help regulate negative emotions. Mind |
| Emphysema | CAFL | 1234,3672,7344,880,787,727,120,20,80 | Also called COPD or Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Also see Chemtrails and Parasites. Lung |
| Emphysema 2 | XTRA | 20,75.09,80,120,128,150.3,240,300.5,422,601,650,660,683,688,709.2,727,766,777,787,880,975,1234,2404.19,2688,2838.5,3672,7344 | Also called COPD or Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Also see Chemtrails and Parasites. Lung |
| Emphysema Pulmonary | ETDF | 550,410,620,1970,7500,15930,67500,209310,345690,502510 | Also called COPD or Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Also see Chemtrails and Parasites. Lung |
| Empty Sella Syndrome | ETDF | 120,9550,55850,102500,192500,247500,472500,525370,650000,974500 | Shrinkage or deformation of pituitary gland. Encyclopedia Entry for Empty Sella Syndrome : Empty sella syndrome. The pituitary gland is a small gland located just underneath the brain. It is attached to the bottom of the brain by the pituitary stalk. The pituitary sits in a saddle-like compartment in the skull called the sella turcica. In Latin, it means Turkish seat. When the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, it cannot be seen on an MRI scan. This makes the area of the pituitary gland look like an 'empty sella.' But the sella is not actually empty. It is often filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. With empty sella syndrome, CSF has leaked into the sella turcica, putting pressure on the pituitary gland. This causes the gland to shrink or flatten. Primary empty sella syndrome occurs when one of the layers (arachnoid) covering the outside of the brain bulges down into the sella and presses on the pituitary. Secondary empty sella syndrome occurs when the sella is empty because the pituitary gland has been damaged by: A tumor Radiation therapy Surgery Empty sella syndrome may be seen in a condition called pseudotumor cerebri , which mainly affects young, obese women and causes the CSF to be under higher pressure. The pituitary gland makes several hormones that control other glands in the body, including the: Adrenal glands Ovaries Testicles Thyroid A problem with the pituitary gland can lead to problems with any of the above glands and abnormal hormone levels of these glands. Often, there are no symptoms or loss of pituitary function. If there are symptoms, they may include any of the following: Erection problems Headaches Irregular or absent menstruation Decreased or no desire for sex ( low libido ) Fatigue, low energy Nipple discharge. Primary empty sella syndrome is most often discovered during an MRI or CT scan of the head and brain. Pituitary function is usually normal. The health care provider may order tests to make sure the pituitary gland is working normally. Sometimes, tests for high pressure in the brain will be done, such as: Examination of the retina by an ophthalmologist Lumbar puncture ( spinal tap ). For primary empty sella syndrome: There is no treatment if pituitary function is normal. Medicines may be prescribed to treat any abnormal hormone levels. For secondary empty sella syndrome, treatment involves replacing the hormones that are missing. In some cases, surgery is needed to repair the sella turcica. Primary empty sella syndrome does not cause health problems, and it does not affect life expectancy. Complications of primary empty sella syndrome include a slightly higher than normal level of prolactin. This is a hormone made by the pituitary gland. Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production in women. Complications of secondary empty sella syndrome are related to the cause of pituitary gland disease or to the effects of too little pituitary hormone. Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of abnormal pituitary function, such as menstrual cycle problems or impotence. Pituitary - empty sella syndrome. The pituitary gland Pituitary gland. Kaiser U, Ho KKY. Pituitary physiology and diagnostic evaluation. |
| Empyema Pleural | ETDF | 110,550,800,5150,151340,252500,562500,696500,797500,822530 | Accumulation of pus in pleural cavity, usually in Pneumonia. |
| Encephalitis | CAFL | 841 | Inflammation of the tissue of the brain and spinal cord. Brain Encyclopedia Entry for Encephalitis : Encephalitis - Mumpsvirus, Human Herpesvirus 1 (Herpes Simplex 1 Virus), Any of 350 different arboviruses, Enteroviruses (polio, Coxsackie, ECHO), Adenovirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encyclopedia Entry for Encephalitis : Encephalitis. Encephalitis is a rare condition. It occurs more often in the first year of life and decreases with age. The very young and older adults are more likely to have a severe case. Encephalitis is most often caused by a virus. Many types of viruses may cause it. Exposure can occur through: Breathing in droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat from an infected person Contaminated food or drink Mosquito, tick, and other insect bites Skin contact Different viruses occur in different locations. Many cases occur during a certain season. Encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus is the leading cause of more severe cases in all ages, including newborns. Routine vaccination has greatly reduced encephalitis due to some viruses, including: Measles Mumps Polio Rabies Rubella Varicella (chickenpox) Other viruses that cause encephalitis include: Adenovirus Coxsackievirus Cytomegalovirus Eastern equine encephalitis virus Echovirus Japanese encephalitis, which occurs in Asia West Nile virus After the virus enters the body, the brain tissue swells. This swelling may destroy nerve cells, and cause bleeding in the brain and brain damage. Other causes of encephalitis may include: An allergic reaction to vaccinations Autoimmune disease Bacteria such as Lyme disease , syphilis, and tuberculosis Parasites such as roundworms, cysticercosis , and toxoplasmosis in people with HIV/AIDS and other people who have a weakened immune system The effects of cancer. Some people may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection before encephalitis symptoms begin. When this infection is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses: Fever that is not very high Mild headache Low energy and a poor appetite Other symptoms include: Clumsiness, unsteady gait Confusion, disorientation Drowsiness Irritability or poor temper control Light sensitivity Stiff neck and back (sometimes) Vomiting Symptoms in newborns and younger infants may not be as easy to recognize: Body stiffness Irritability and crying more often (these symptoms may get worse when the baby is picked up) Poor feeding Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more Vomiting Emergency symptoms: Loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, stupor, coma Muscle weakness or paralysis Seizures Severe headache Sudden change in mental functions, such a flat mood, impaired judgment, memory loss, or a lack of interest in daily activities. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Tests that may be done include: Brain MRI CT scan of the head Culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, or urine (however, this test is rarely useful) Electroencephalogram ( EEG ) Lumbar puncture and CSF examination Tests that detect antibodies to a virus (serology tests) Test that detects tiny amounts of virus DNA (polymerase chain reaction -- PCR). The goals of treatment are to provide supportive care (rest, nutrition, fluids) to help the body fight the infection, and to relieve symptoms. Medicines may include: Antiviral medicines, if a virus caused the infection Antibiotics, if bacteria is the cause Antiseizure medicines to prevent seizures Steroids to reduce brain swelling Sedatives for irritability or restlessness Acetaminophen for fever and headache If brain function is severely affected, physical therapy and speech therapy may be needed after the infection is controlled. The outcome varies. Some cases are mild and short, and the person fully recovers. Other cases are severe, and permanent problems or death is possible. The acute phase normally lasts for 1 to 2 weeks. Fever and symptoms gradually or suddenly disappear. Some people may take several months to fully recover. Permanent brain damage may occur in severe cases of encephalitis. It can affect: Hearing Memory Muscle control Sensation Speech Vision. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: Sudden fever Other symptoms of encephalitis. Children and adults should avoid contact with anyone who has encephalitis. Controlling mosquitoes (a mosquito bite can transmit some viruses) may reduce the chance of some infections that can lead to encephalitis. Apply an insect repellant containing the chemical, DEET when you go outside (but DO NOT use DEET products on infants younger than 2 months). Remove any sources of standing water (such as old tires, cans, gutters, and wading pools). Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outside, especially at dusk. Children and adults should get routine vaccinations for viruses that can cause encephalitis. People should receive specific vaccines if they are traveling to places such as parts of Asia, where Japanese encephalitis is found. Vaccinate animals to prevent encephalitis caused by the rabies virus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge. Aksamit AJ. Acute viral encephalitis. |
| Encephalitis | ETDF | 30,500,830,5710,79300,192500,467500,652200,802510,912520 | Inflammation of the tissue of the brain and spinal cord. Encyclopedia Entry for Encephalitis : Encephalitis - Mumpsvirus, Human Herpesvirus 1 (Herpes Simplex 1 Virus), Any of 350 different arboviruses, Enteroviruses (polio, Coxsackie, ECHO), Adenovirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encyclopedia Entry for Encephalitis : Encephalitis. Encephalitis is a rare condition. It occurs more often in the first year of life and decreases with age. The very young and older adults are more likely to have a severe case. Encephalitis is most often caused by a virus. Many types of viruses may cause it. Exposure can occur through: Breathing in droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat from an infected person Contaminated food or drink Mosquito, tick, and other insect bites Skin contact Different viruses occur in different locations. Many cases occur during a certain season. Encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus is the leading cause of more severe cases in all ages, including newborns. Routine vaccination has greatly reduced encephalitis due to some viruses, including: Measles Mumps Polio Rabies Rubella Varicella (chickenpox) Other viruses that cause encephalitis include: Adenovirus Coxsackievirus Cytomegalovirus Eastern equine encephalitis virus Echovirus Japanese encephalitis, which occurs in Asia West Nile virus After the virus enters the body, the brain tissue swells. This swelling may destroy nerve cells, and cause bleeding in the brain and brain damage. Other causes of encephalitis may include: An allergic reaction to vaccinations Autoimmune disease Bacteria such as Lyme disease , syphilis, and tuberculosis Parasites such as roundworms, cysticercosis , and toxoplasmosis in people with HIV/AIDS and other people who have a weakened immune system The effects of cancer. Some people may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection before encephalitis symptoms begin. When this infection is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses: Fever that is not very high Mild headache Low energy and a poor appetite Other symptoms include: Clumsiness, unsteady gait Confusion, disorientation Drowsiness Irritability or poor temper control Light sensitivity Stiff neck and back (sometimes) Vomiting Symptoms in newborns and younger infants may not be as easy to recognize: Body stiffness Irritability and crying more often (these symptoms may get worse when the baby is picked up) Poor feeding Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more Vomiting Emergency symptoms: Loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, stupor, coma Muscle weakness or paralysis Seizures Severe headache Sudden change in mental functions, such a flat mood, impaired judgment, memory loss, or a lack of interest in daily activities. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. Tests that may be done include: Brain MRI CT scan of the head Culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, or urine (however, this test is rarely useful) Electroencephalogram ( EEG ) Lumbar puncture and CSF examination Tests that detect antibodies to a virus (serology tests) Test that detects tiny amounts of virus DNA (polymerase chain reaction -- PCR). The goals of treatment are to provide supportive care (rest, nutrition, fluids) to help the body fight the infection, and to relieve symptoms. Medicines may include: Antiviral medicines, if a virus caused the infection Antibiotics, if bacteria is the cause Antiseizure medicines to prevent seizures Steroids to reduce brain swelling Sedatives for irritability or restlessness Acetaminophen for fever and headache If brain function is severely affected, physical therapy and speech therapy may be needed after the infection is controlled. The outcome varies. Some cases are mild and short, and the person fully recovers. Other cases are severe, and permanent problems or death is possible. The acute phase normally lasts for 1 to 2 weeks. Fever and symptoms gradually or suddenly disappear. Some people may take several months to fully recover. Permanent brain damage may occur in severe cases of encephalitis. It can affect: Hearing Memory Muscle control Sensation Speech Vision. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: Sudden fever Other symptoms of encephalitis. Children and adults should avoid contact with anyone who has encephalitis. Controlling mosquitoes (a mosquito bite can transmit some viruses) may reduce the chance of some infections that can lead to encephalitis. Apply an insect repellant containing the chemical, DEET when you go outside (but DO NOT use DEET products on infants younger than 2 months). Remove any sources of standing water (such as old tires, cans, gutters, and wading pools). Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outside, especially at dusk. Children and adults should get routine vaccinations for viruses that can cause encephalitis. People should receive specific vaccines if they are traveling to places such as parts of Asia, where Japanese encephalitis is found. Vaccinate animals to prevent encephalitis caused by the rabies virus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge. Aksamit AJ. Acute viral encephalitis. |
| Encephalitis Arbovirus | ETDF | 150,230,600,950,7500,150890,455340,527500,896500,917200 | Inflammation of the tissue of brain and spinal cord due to arthropod-transmitted viruses. |
| Encephalitis Herpes Simplex | ETDF | 50,970,5830,7500,12330,113230,425000,571000,865830,937410 | Inflammation of the tissue of brain and spinal cord due to Herpes Simplex. |
| Encephalocele | ETDF | 130,570,780,970,2500,87500,323980,665700,822700,906070 | Neural tube defect with sac-like protrusions of the brain and its membranes through openings in the skull. |
| Encephalomyelitis | ETDF | 80,460,3290,7500,117500,327500,452500,662020,896500,981000 | Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Enchondromatosis | ETDF | 150,180,870,15830,23210,212530,247580,465340,695020,792510 | Disorder of development of bone and cartilage. |
| Encopresis | ETDF | 550,570,830,7500,10890,40000,119340,275340,425830,571000,868000,932000 | Voluntary or involuntary fecal soiling, usually in children. Encyclopedia Entry for Encopresis : Encopresis. The child may have constipation. The stool is hard, dry, and stuck in the colon (called fecal impaction ). The child then passes only wet or almost liquid stool that flows around the hard stool. It may leak out during the day or night. Other causes may include: Not toilet training the child Starting toilet training when the child was too young Emotional problems, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder Whatever the cause, the child may feel shame, guilt, or low self-esteem, and may hide signs of encopresis. Factors that may increase the risk of encopresis: Chronic constipation Low socioeconomic status The problem is much more common in boys than in girls. Symptoms can include any of the following: Being unable to hold stool before getting to a toilet (bowel incontinence) Passing stool in inappropriate places (as in the child's clothes) Keeping bowel movements a secret Having constipation and hard stools Passing a very large stool sometimes that almost blocks the toilet. The health care provider may feel the stool stuck in the child s rectum (fecal impaction). An x-ray of the child's belly may show impacted stool in the colon. The goal of treatment is to: Prevent constipation Keep good bowel habits It is best for parents to support, rather than criticize or discourage the child. Treatments may include any of the following: Giving the child laxatives or enemas to remove dry, hard stool. Giving the child stool softeners. Having the child eat a diet high in fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) and drink plenty of fluids to keep the stools soft and comfortable. Taking flavored mineral oil for a short period of time. This is only a short-term treatment because mineral oil interferes with the absorption of calcium and vitamin D. Seeing a pediatric gastroenterologist when these treatments aren't enough. The doctor may use biofeedback, or teach the parents and child how to manage encopresis. Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. Most children respond well to treatment. If not treated, the child may have low self-esteem and problems making and keeping friends. Other complications may include: Chronic constipation Urinary Incontinence. Call for an appointment with your provider if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. Encopresis can be prevented by: Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools. Soiling; Incontinence - stool; Constipation - encopresis; Impaction - encopresis. Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF. Motility diorders and hirschsprung disease. |
| End Stage Renal Disease | ETDF | 130,180,650,970,7500,11950,40000,150000,524940,689930 | Also called Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Also see Renal Dialysis and appropriate kidney programs. Kidney |
| Endocarditis | XTRA | 333,377,471,523,626,628,634,714,724,744,768,786,2162 | Inflammation of heart's inner tissues. Encyclopedia Entry for Endocarditis : Endocarditis - children. Endocarditis occurs when germs enter the bloodstream and then travel to the heart. Bacterial infection is the most common cause Fungal infections are much more rare In some cases, no germs can be found after testing Endocarditis can involve the heart muscle, heart valves, or lining of the heart. Children with endocarditis may have a: Birth defect of the heart Damaged or abnormal heart valve New heart valve after surgery The risk is higher in children who have a history of heart surgery, which can leave rough areas in the lining of the heart chambers. This makes it easier for bacteria to stick to the lining. Germs are most likely to enter the bloodstream: By way of a central venous access line that is in place During dental surgery During other surgeries or minor procedures to the airways and lungs, urinary tract, infected skin, or bones and muscles. Symptoms of endocarditis may develop slowly or suddenly. Fever, chills, and sweating are frequent symptoms. These sometimes can: Be present for days before any other symptoms appear Come and go, or be more noticeable at nighttime Other symptoms may include: Tiredness Weakness Joint pain Muscle pain Trouble breathing Weight loss Neurological problems, such as seizures and, disturbed mental status Signs of endocarditis can also include: Small bleeding areas under the nails ( splinter hemorrhages ) Red, painless skin spots on the palms and soles (Janeway lesions) Red, painful nodes in the pads of the fingers and toes (Osler nodes) Shortness of breath Swelling of feet, legs, abdomen. Your child's health care provider may perform transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to check for endocarditis in children age 10 years or younger. Other tests may include: Blood culture to help identify the bacteria or fungus that is causing the infection Complete blood count (CBC) C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Treatment for endocarditis depends upon the: Cause of the infection Child's age Severity of the symptoms Your child will need to be in the hospital to receive antibiotics through a vein (IV). Blood cultures and tests will help the provider choose the best antibiotic. Your child will need long-term antibiotic therapy. Your child will need this therapy for 4 to 8 weeks to fully kill all the bacteria from the heart chambers and valves. Antibiotic treatments started in the hospital will need to be continued at home once your child is stable. Surgery to replace an infected heart valve may be needed when: Antibiotics don't work to treat the infection The infection is breaking off in little pieces, resulting in strokes The child develops heart failure as a result of damaged heart valves The heart valve is badly damaged. Getting treatment for endocarditis right away improves the chances of clearing the infection and preventing complications. The possible complications of endocarditis in children are: Damage to the heart and heart valves Abscess in the heart muscle Infective clot in the coronary arteries Stroke, caused by small clots or pieces of the infection breaking off and traveling to the brain Spread of the infection to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. Call your child's provider if you notice the following symptoms during or after treatment: Blood in urine Chest pain Fatigue Fever Numbness Weakness Weight loss without a change in diet. The American Heart Association recommends preventive antibiotics for children at risk for endocarditis, such as those with: Certain birth defects of the heart Heart transplant and valve problems Man-made (prosthetic) heart valves A past history of endocarditis These children should receive antibiotics when they have: Dental procedures that are likely to cause bleeding Procedures involving the breathing tract, the urinary tract, or the digestive tract Procedures on skin infections and soft tissue infections. Valve infection - children; Staphylococcus aureus - endocarditis - children; Enterococcus - endocarditis- children; Streptococcus viridians - endocarditis - children; Candida - endocarditis - children; Bacterial endocarditis - children; Infective endocarditis - children; Congenital heart disease - endocarditis - children. Baltimore RS, Gewitz M, Baddour LM, et al; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Infective endocarditis in childhood: 2015 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1487-1515. PMID: 26373317 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26373317. Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Infective endocarditis. Encyclopedia Entry for Endocarditis : Endocarditis. Endocarditis can involve the heart muscle, heart valves, or lining of the heart. Some people who develop endocarditis have a: Birth defect of the heart Damaged or abnormal heart valve History of endocarditis New heart valve after surgery Parenteral (intravenous) drug addiction Endocarditis begins when germs enter the bloodstream and then travel to the heart. Bacterial infection is the most common cause of endocarditis. Endocarditis can also be caused by fungi, such as Candida. In some cases, no cause can be found. Germs are most likely to enter the bloodstream during: Central venous access lines Injection drug use, from the use of unclean (unsterile) needles Recent dental surgery Other surgeries or minor procedures to the breathing tract, urinary tract, infected skin, or bones and muscles. Symptoms of endocarditis may develop slowly or suddenly. Fever, chills, and sweating are frequent symptoms. These sometimes can: Be present for days before any other symptoms appear Come and go, or be more noticeable at nighttime You may also have fatigue, weakness, and aches and pains in the muscles or joints. Other signs can include: Small areas of bleeding under the nails ( splinter hemorrhages ) Red, painless skin spots on the palms and soles (Janeway lesions) Red, painful nodes in the pads of the fingers and toes (Osler nodes) Shortness of breath with activity Swelling of feet, legs, abdomen. The health care provider may detect a new heart murmur , or a change in a past heart murmur. An eye exam may show bleeding in the retina and a central area of clearing. This finding is known as Roth spots. There may be small, pinpoint areas of bleeding on the surface of the eye or the eyelids. Tests that may be done include: Blood culture to help identify the bacteria or fungus that is causing the infection Complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) An echocardiogram to look at the heart valves. You may need to be in hospital to get antibiotics through a vein (IV or intravenously). Blood cultures and tests will help your provider choose the best antibiotic. You will then need long-term antibiotic therapy. People most often need therapy for 4 to 6 weeks to fully kill all the bacteria from the heart chambers and valves. Antibiotic treatments that are started in the hospital will need to be continued at home. Surgery to replace the heart valve is often needed when: The infection is breaking off in little pieces, resulting in strokes. The person develops heart failure as a result of damaged heart valves. There is evidence of more severe organ damage. Getting treatment for endocarditis right away improves the chances of a good outcome. More serious problems that may develop include: Brain abscess Further damage to the heart valves, causing heart failure Spread of the infection to other parts of the body Stroke, caused by small clots or pieces of the infection breaking off and traveling to the brain. Call your provider if you notice the following symptoms during or after treatment: Blood in urine Chest pain Fatigue Fever that doesn't go away in two or three days Fever Numbness Weakness Weight loss without change in diet. The American Heart Association recommends preventive antibiotics for people at risk for infectious endocarditis, such as those with: Certain birth defects of the heart Heart transplant and valve problems Man-made (prosthetic) heart valves Past history of endocarditis These people should receive antibiotics when they have: Dental procedures that are likely to cause bleeding Procedures involving the breathing tract Procedures involving the urinary tract system Procedures involving the digestive tract Procedures on skin infections and soft tissue infections. Valve infection; Staphylococcus aureus - endocarditis; Enterococcus - endocarditis; Streptococcus viridans - endocarditis; Candida - endocarditis. Heart valve surgery - discharge. Heart, section through the middle Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Heart, front view Janeway lesion - close-up Janeway lesion - close-up Janeway lesion on the finger Janeway lesion on the finger Heart valves Heart valves. Baddour LM, Freeman WK, Suri RM, Wilson WR. Cardiovascular infections. |
| Endocarditis Bacterial | ETDF | 130,570,780,12270,68290,135250,272720,425530,733910,836420 | Also called Infective Endocarditis. Pathogenic inflammation of heart's inner tissues. Other use: Islet Cell Carcinoma. |
| Endocrine Cancer | KHZ | 140,460,750,2090,32500,47500,117500,396500,655720,825540 | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovary/testis gland cancers. Also see appropriate Cancer programs. |
| Endocrine Diseases | ETDF | 280,620,810,2100,33000,47500,117500,396500,655720,825540 | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovary/testis gland conditions. |
| Endocrine RX | XTRA | 635,645,662,763,1335,1342,1351,1413,1534,1725,10000 | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovary/testis gland conditions. |
| Endocrine System Balance | XTRA | 1537 | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovary/testis glands |
| Endocrine System Function Normalize | XTRA | 537 | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovary/testis glands |
| Endodontics | ETDF | 20,120,950,13390,22500,51300,261020,491510,619340,875350 | Treatment of dental pulp, especially by root canals. |
| Endolimax Nana Trophozoites and Cysts | HC | 394250-397100 | Genus of amoeba causing diarrhea, whose presence indicates ingestion of fecal matter. |
| Endolimax Nana Trophozoites and Cysts 2nd | HC | 430500-433350 | Genus of amoeba causing diarrhea, whose presence indicates ingestion of fecal matter. |
| Endolimax Nana Trophozoites Cysts 1 | XTRA | 981.59,1070.81,19715.68,21508 | Genus of amoeba causing diarrhea, whose presence indicates ingestion of fecal matter. |
| Endolimax Nana Trophozoites Cysts 2 | XTRA | 1067.09,1070.81,1074.17,13453.12,13500,13542.19 | Genus of amoeba causing diarrhea, whose presence indicates ingestion of fecal matter. |
| Endolimax Nana Trophozoites Cysts 3 | XTRA | 977.25,981.59,984.3,12320.3,12375,12409.37 | Genus of amoeba causing diarrhea, whose presence indicates ingestion of fecal matter. |
| Endometrial Cancer | ETDF | 70,180,600,14970,135710,255500,421020,693500,775540,878500 | Cancer arising from womb's lining, most commonly after menopause, and associated with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and excess estrogen. Encyclopedia Entry for Endometrial Cancer : Endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer. The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not known. An increased level of estrogen hormone may play a role. This stimulates the buildup of the lining of the uterus. This can lead to overgrowth of the endometrium and cancer. Most cases of endometrial cancer occur between the ages of 60 and 70. A few cases may occur before age 40. The following factors related to your hormones increase your risk for endometrial cancer: Estrogen replacement therapy without the use of progesterone History of endometrial polyps Infrequent periods Never being pregnant Obesity Diabetes Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Starting menstruation at an early age (before age 12) Starting menopause after age 50 Tamoxifen, a drug used for breast cancer treatment Women with the following conditions also seem to be at a higher risk for endometrial cancer: Colon or breast cancer Gallbladder disease High blood pressure. Symptoms of endometrial cancer include: Abnormal bleeding from the vagina, including bleeding between periods or spotting/bleeding after menopause Extremely long, heavy, or frequent episodes of vaginal bleeding after age 40 Lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramping. During the early stages of disease, a pelvic exam is often normal. In advanced stages, there may be changes in the size, shape, or feel of the uterus or surrounding structures. Pap smear (may raise a suspicion for endometrial cancer, but does not diagnose it) Based on your symptoms and other findings, other tests may be needed. Some can be done in your health care provider's office. Others may be done at a hospital or surgical center: Endometrial biopsy : Using a small or thin catheter (tube), tissue is taken from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is looked at under a microscope. Hysteroscopy : A thin telescope-like device is inserted through the vagina and the opening of the cervix. It lets the provider view the inside of the uterus. Ultrasound : Sound waves are used to make a picture of the pelvic organs. The ultrasound may be performed abdominally or vaginally. Sonohysterography: Fluid is placed in the uterus through a thin tube, while vaginal ultrasound images are made of the uterus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) : In this imaging test, powerful magnets are used to create images of internal organs. If cancer is found, imaging tests may be done to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. This is called staging. Stages of endometrial cancer are: Stage 1: The cancer is only in the uterus. Stage 2: The cancer is in the uterus and cervix. Stage 3: The cancer has spread outside of the uterus, but not beyond the true pelvis area. Cancer may involve the lymph nodes in the pelvis or near the aorta (the major artery in the abdomen). Stage 4: The cancer has spread to the inner surface of the bowel, bladder, abdomen, or other organs. Cancer is also described as grade 1, 2, or 3. Grade 1 is the least aggressive, and grade 3 is the most aggressive. Aggressive means that the cancer grows and spreads quickly. Treatment options include: Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Surgery to remove the uterus ( hysterectomy ) may be done in women with early stage 1 cancer. The doctor may also remove the tubes and ovaries. Surgery combined with radiation therapy is another treatment option. It is often used for women with: Stage 1 disease that has a high chance of returning, has spread to the lymph nodes, or is a grade 2 or 3 Stage 2 disease Chemotherapy or hormonal therapy may be considered in some cases, most often for those with stage 3 and 4 disease. You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. Endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage. If the cancer has not spread, 95% of women are alive after 5 years. If the cancer has spread to distant organs, about 25% of women are still alive after 5 years. Complications may include any of the following: Anemia due to blood loss (before diagnosis) Perforation (hole) of the uterus, which may occur during a D and C or endometrial biopsy Problems from surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Call for an appointment with your provider if you have any of the following: Any bleeding or spotting that occurs after the onset of menopause Bleeding or spotting after intercourse or douching Bleeding lasting longer than 7 days Periods that occur every 21 days or sooner New discharge after menopause has begun Pelvic pain or cramping that does not go away. There is no effective screening test for endometrial (uterine) cancer. Women with risk factors for endometrial cancer should be followed closely by their doctors. This includes women who are taking: Estrogen replacement therapy without progesterone therapy Tamoxifen for more than 2 years Frequent pelvic exams, Pap smears, vaginal ultrasounds, and endometrial biopsy may be considered in some cases. The risk for endometrial cancer is reduced by: Maintaining a normal weight Using birth control pills for over a year. Endometrial adenocarcinoma; Uterine adenocarcinoma; Uterine cancer; Adenocarcinoma - endometrium; Adenocarcinoma - uterus; Cancer - uterine; Cancer - endometrial; Uterine corpus cancer. Hysterectomy - abdominal - discharge Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - discharge Hysterectomy - vaginal - discharge Pelvic radiation - discharge. Pelvic laparoscopy Pelvic laparoscopy Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy D and C D and C Endometrial biopsy Endometrial biopsy Hysterectomy Hysterectomy Uterus Uterus Endometrial cancer Endometrial cancer. Boggess JF, Kilgore JE. Uterine cancer. |
| Endometrioma | ETDF | 30,250,730,12850,7500,35510,62580,434350,672910,924370 | Blood-filled cyst in ovary that begins as sloughed endometrial tissue. Also see Endometriosis. |
| Endometriosis | ETDF | 30,250,730,12850,7500,35510,62580,125350,672910,924370 | Growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus that may cause pain, infertility, and abnormal bleeding. Use Parasites General. See Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Problems. Encyclopedia Entry for Endometriosis : Endometriosis. Every month, a woman's ovaries produce hormones that tell the cells lining the uterus to swell and get thicker. Your uterus sheds these cells along with blood and tissue through your vagina when you have your period. Endometriosis occurs when these cells grow outside the uterus in other parts of your body. This tissue may attach on your: Ovaries Bowel Rectum Bladder Lining of your pelvic area It can grow in other areas of the body, too. These growths stay in your body, and like the cells in the lining of your uterus, these growths react to the hormones from your ovaries. They grow and bleed when you get your period. Over time, the growths may add more tissue and blood. The buildup of blood and tissue in your body leads to pain and other symptoms. No one knows what causes endometriosis. One idea is that when you get your period, the cells may travel backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis. Once there, the cells attach and grow. However, this backward period flow occurs in many women. Researchers think that the immune system plays a role in causing endometriosis in women the condition. Endometriosis is common. Sometimes, it may run in families. Endometriosis probably starts when a woman begins having periods. However, it usually is not diagnosed until ages 25 to 35. You are more likely to develop endometriosis if you: Have a mother or sister with endometriosis Started your period at a young age Never had children Have frequent periods, or they last 7 or more days Have a closed hymen, which blocks the flow of menstrual blood during the period. Pain is the main symptom of endometriosis. You may have: Painful periods. Pain in your lower belly before and during your period. Cramps for a week or 2 before and during your period. Cramps may be steady and range from dull to severe. Pain during or following sexual intercourse. Pain with bowel movements. Pelvic or low back pain that may occur at any time. You may not have any symptoms. Some women with a lot of tissue in their pelvis have no pain at all, while some women with milder disease have severe pain. Your health care provider will perform a physical exam, including a pelvic exam. You may have one of these tests to help diagnose the disease: Transvaginal ultrasound Pelvic laparoscopy Pelvic laparoscopy. Learning how to manage your symptoms can make it easier to live with endometriosis. What type of treatment you have depends on: Your age Severity of your symptoms Severity of the disease Whether you want children in the future There are different treatment options. PAIN RELIEVERS If you have mild symptoms, you may be able to manage cramping and pain with: Exercise and relaxation techniques. Over-the-counter pain relievers -- These include ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), and acetaminophen (Tylenol). Prescription painkillers, if needed, for more severe pain. Regular exams every 6 to 12 months so your doctor can assess the disease. HORMONE THERAPY These medicines can stop endometriosis from getting worse. They may be given as pills, nasal spray, or shots. Only women who are not trying get pregnant should have this therapy. Hormone therapy will prevent you from getting pregnant. Once you stop therapy, you can get pregnant again. Birth control pills -- With this therapy, you take the hormone pills (not the inactive or placebo pills) for 6 to 9 months continuously. Taking these pills relieves most symptoms. However, it does not treat any damage that has already occurred. Progesterone pills or injections -- This treatment helps shrink growths. Side effects may include weight gain and depression. Gonadotropin-agonist medicines -- These medicines stop your ovaries from producing the hormone estrogen. This causes a menopause-like state. Side effects include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Treatment is often limited to 6 months because it can weaken your bones. Your provider may give you small doses of hormone to relieve symptoms during this treatment. This is known as 'add-back' therapy. It may also help protect against bone loss, while not triggering growth of the endometriosis. SURGERY Your provider may recommend surgery if you have severe pain that does not get better with other treatments. Laparoscopy helps diagnose the disease and can also remove growths and scar tissue. Because only a small cut is made in your belly, you will heal faster than other types of surgery. Laparotomy involves making a large incision (cut) in your belly to remove growths and scar tissue. This is major surgery, so healing takes longer. Laparoscopy or laparotomy may be a good option if you want to become pregnant, because they treat the disease and leave your organs in place. Hysterectomy is surgery to remove your uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. If your ovaries are not removed, symptoms may return. You would only have this surgery if you have severe symptoms and do not want to have children in the future. Hormone therapy and laparoscopy can't cure endometriosis. However, in some women, these treatments may help relieve symptoms for years. Removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and both ovaries (a hysterectomy) gives you the best chance for a cure. Once you enter menopause, endometriosis is unlikely to cause problems. . Endometriosis can lead to problems getting pregnant. However, most women with mild symptoms can still get pregnant. Laparoscopy to remove growths and scar tissue may help improve your chances of becoming pregnant. If it does not, you may want to consider fertility treatments. Other complications of endometriosis include: Long-term pelvic pain that interferes with social and work activities Large cysts in the pelvis that may break open (rupture) In rare cases, endometriosis tissue may block the intestines or urinary tract. Very rarely, cancer may develop in the areas of tissue growth after menopause. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of endometriosis Back pain or other symptoms reoccurring after endometriosis is treated You may want to get screened for endometriosis if: Your mother or sister has the disease You are unable to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Birth control pills may help to prevent or slow down the development of the endometriosis. Birth control pills used as treatment for endometriosis work best when taken continuously and not stopped to allow a menstrual period. They may be used for young women in late adolescence or early 20s with painful periods that may be due to endometriosis. Pelvic pain - endometriosis; Endometrioma. Hysterectomy - abdominal - discharge Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - discharge Hysterectomy - vaginal - discharge. Pelvic laparoscopy Pelvic laparoscopy Endometriosis Endometriosis Abnormal menstrual periods Abnormal menstrual periods. Advincula A, Truong M, Lobo RA. Endometriosis: etiology, pathology, diagnosis, management. |
| Endometriosis 1 | CAFL | 142,246,275,284,438,524,651,676,763,800,830,846,854,945,1550,1850,2000,2003,2008,2013,2082,2128,2150,6578,6641,6672,6766 | Growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus that may cause pain, infertility, and abnormal bleeding. Use Parasites General. See Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Problems. Uterus |
| Endometriosis 2 | XTRA | 246,800,802,1550 | Growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus that may cause pain, infertility, and abnormal bleeding. Use Parasites General. See Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Problems. |
| Endometriosis Chronic | CAFL | 246,800,1550 | Use with Parasites Flukes and General. See Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Problems programs. Uterus |
| Endometritis Tuberculosa | CAFL | 461,514,620,625,722,765,722,765,788,922 | Inflammation of womb lining. See Echo Virus, Dysmenorrhea, and Menstrual Problems programs. |
| Endometritis Tuberculosa | XTRA | 461,514,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,620,625,722,765,788,922 | Inflammation of womb lining. See Echo Virus, Dysmenorrhea, and Menstrual Problems programs. |
| Endophthalmitis | ETDF | 70,460,600,950,10530,32500,387500,595540,732410,925350 | Inflammation of internal coats of eye, usually due to bacteria or fungi. Encyclopedia Entry for Endophthalmitis : Endophthalmitis - Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Encyclopedia Entry for Endophthalmitis : Endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis is caused by infection with bacteria or a fungus. It very often occurs as a rare complication of cataract or other eye surgery. The symptoms are: Decreased vision Pain Redness Swelling of the eyelids Call your health care provider right away if you have these symptoms after eye surgery. Bloodshot eyes Bloodshot eyes. Durand ML. Endophthalmitis. |
| Endorphin Release | XTRA | 38 | Pain-killing morphine-like neuropeptide produced by the CNS and pituitary gland. Other use: nicotine cravings. |
| Endoscopy | ETDF | 70,460,3210,5170,17500,127500,351210,611000,706500,921200 | Medical procedure that uses a small camera on a tube to look inside the body. Encyclopedia Entry for Endoscopy : Endoscopy. An endoscope is passed through a natural body opening or small cut. There are many types of endoscopes. Each one is named according to the organs or areas they are used to examine. Preparation for the procedure varies depending on the test. For example, there is no preparation needed for anoscopy. But a special diet and laxatives are needed to prepare for a colonoscopy. Follow your health care provider's instructions. All of these tests may cause discomfort or pain. Some are done after sedatives and pain medicines are given. Check with your provider about what to expect. Each endoscopy test is done for different reasons. Endoscopy is often used to examine and treat parts of the digestive tract, such as: Anoscopy views the inside of the anus, the very lowest part of the colon. Colonoscopy views the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. Enteroscopy views the small intestine (small bowel). ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) views the biliary tract, small tubes that drain the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. Sigmoidoscopy views the inside the sigmoid colon and rectum. Upper endoscopy (or EGD) views the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. Bronchoscopy is used to look in the airways and lungs. Cystoscopy is used to view the inside of the bladder. The scope is passed through the opening of the urethra. Laparoscopy is used to look directly at the ovaries, appendix, or other abdominal organs. The scope is inserted through small surgical cuts in the pelvic or belly area. Tumors or organs in the abdomen or pelvis can be removed. Arthroscopy is used to look directly in the joints, such as the knee. The scope is inserted through small surgical cuts around the joint. Problems with bones, tendons, ligaments can be treated. Each endoscopy test has its own risks. Your provider will explain these to you before the procedure. Colonoscopy Colonoscopy. Carlson SM, Goldberg J, Lentz GM. Endoscopy: hysteroscopy and laparoscopy: indications, contraindications, and complications. |
| Energy Vitality | CAFL | 9999 | Energy is important as it allows our bodies and minds to execute a series of activities throughout the day and in our lives. This energy is derived from the foods we eat and the way our bodies process them. As such, it becomes crucial to consume the types of food that help boost energy and promote vitality. The following list will help recharge the bodys batteries and help you recover and revitalize when you feel tired and sluggish: |
| Energy Vitality 1 | XTRA | 15,528,1056,2003,9999 | improve energy and vitality. Foods that will help you recharge the body's batteries and help you recover and revitalize when you feel tired |
| Energy Vitality 2 | XTRA | 5000,9999,10000,20000 | Other use: depression general. |
| Entamoeba Coli Trophozoites | HC | 397000-400350 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba. |
| Entamoeba Coli Trophozoites 1 | XTRA | 981.59,984.05,992.37,12375,12406.25,12510.94 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba. |
| Entamoeba Coli Trophozoites 2 | XTRA | 981.59,19715.68 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba. Other uses: Branhamella Neisseria Catarrhalis, Clostridium Perfringens Spores. |
| Entamoeba Gingivalis Trophozoite | HC | 433800-441000 | Life cycle stage of dental parasitic amoeba. |
| Entamoeba Gingivalis Trophozoites | XTRA | 1075.27,1085.69,1093.13,13556.25,13687.5,13781.25 | Life cycle stage of dental parasitic amoeba. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica | CAFL | 148,166,308,393,631,778 | GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. Liver |
| Entamoeba Histolytica | VEGA | 148,166,308 | GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica 2 | XTRA | 333,465,523,660,690,727.5,768,786,787,802,832,880,1550,1552 | GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica 3 | XTRA | 148,166,303,333,393,465,523,631,660,690,727.5,768,778,786,787,802,832,880,954.32,1550,1552,19168.02 | GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica Secondary | XTRA | 333,465,523,660,690,727,768,786,787,802,832,880,1550,1552 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoite | HC | 381100-387800 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoite | XTRA | 911.69,944.64,954.32,11493.75,11909.37,12031.25 | Life cycle stage of GI tract parasitic amoeba causing tissue destruction, particularly liver damage, and amoebic dysentery - use Liver Support programs. |
| Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan Virus | XTRA | 461,514,600,620,625,650,722,765,788,922 | Also called Echo (ECHO) Virus. Includes Coxsackie. |
| Enterobacter Aerogenes | HC | 374000-374000 | Hospital-acquired highly resistant pathogen causing Bacteremia and lower respiratory tract infections. |
| Enterobacter Aerogenes 1 | XTRA | 927.04,11687.5 | Hospital-acquired highly resistant pathogen causing Bacteremia and lower respiratory tract infections. |
| Enterobacter Aerogenes 2 | XTRA | 927.04,18620.36 | Hospital-acquired highly resistant pathogen causing Bacteremia and lower respiratory tract infections. |
| Enterobiasis | CAFL | 20,222,773,826,827,835,4152 | Pinworms. Caused by common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. Also see Enterobius Vermicularis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. Anus Encyclopedia Entry for Enterobiasis : Enterobiasis - Pinworm infection - Enterobius vermicularis (intestinal nematode) Encyclopedia Entry for Enterobiasis : Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection). Source of disease: Enterobius vermicularis |
| Enterobiasis | VEGA | 773,827,835 | Pinworms. Caused by common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. Also see Enterobius Vermicularis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Enterobiasis : Enterobiasis - Pinworm infection - Enterobius vermicularis (intestinal nematode) Encyclopedia Entry for Enterobiasis : Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection). Source of disease: Enterobius vermicularis |
| Enterobius Vermicularis | HC | 420950-425300 | Pinworms. Common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. Also see Enterobiasis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. |
| Enterobius Vermicularis | XTRA | 2646475.9714 | Pinworms. Common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. Also see Enterobiasis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. |
| Enterobius Vermicularis 1 | XTRA | 422,423,732,733,827,835,4412,13154.69,13218.75,21059.93 | Pinworms. Common GI parasitic worm, with itching of anus. Also see Enterobiasis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. |
| Enterobius Vermicularis 2 | XTRA | 1043.43,1048.5,1054.21,13154.69,13218.75,13290.62 | Pinworms. Also see Enterobiasis and Parasites Enterobiasis programs. |
| Enterococcinum | BIO | 686 | Homeopathic nosode for Streptococcus family organisms found in GI and urinary tracts. |
| Enterococcinum | CAFL | 686,409 | Homeopathic nosode for Streptococcus family organisms found in GI and urinary tracts. |
| Enterococcus Faecalis | XTRA | 834 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. Intestinal bacteria that can cause tooth socket infections. Other uses: Eikanella Corrodens, Coxsackie Type B1. Dental |
| Enterococcus Faecium | XTRA | 343,686 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. Intestinal bacteria that can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism), but may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis or endocarditis. Dental |
| Enterohepatitis | BIO | 552,932,953 | Inflammation of bowel and liver. |
| Enterovirus | CAFL | 20,136,144,232,283,322,380,423,435,461,487,515,595,608,610,612,620,625,654,676,721,733,742,766,776,788,822,845,868,922,1044,1189,1422,1488,1500,1850,2632,3636,5000 | Generic term meaning small virus. Includes Echo, Coxsackie, and Polio. Encyclopedia Entry for Enterovirus : Enterovirus D68. Infants and children are most at risk for EV-D68. This is because most adults are already immune to the virus because of past exposure. Adults may have mild symptoms or none at all. Children are more likely to have severe symptoms. Children with asthma are at higher risk for severe illness. They often have to go to the hospital. Symptoms can be mild or severe. Mild symptoms include: Fever Runny nose Sneezing Cough Body and muscle aches Severe symptoms include: Wheezing Difficulty Breathing. EV-D68 is spread through fluids in the respiratory track such as: Saliva Nasal fluids Phlegm The virus can be spread when: Someone sneezes or coughs. Someone touches something a sick person has touched and then touches his own eyes, nose, or mouth. Someone has close contact such as kissing, hugging, or shaking hands with someone who has the virus. EV-D68 can be diagnosed by testing fluid samples taken from the throat or nose. Samples must be sent to a special lab for testing. Tests often aren't done unless someone has severe illness with unknown cause. There is no specific treatment for EV-D68. In most cases, the illness will go away on its own. You can treat symptoms with over-the-counter medicines for pain and fever. DO NOT give aspirin to children under the age of 18. People with severe breathing problems may need to go to the hospital. They will receive treatment to help relieve symptoms. There is no vaccine to prevent EV-D68 infection. But you can take steps to prevent spreading the virus. Wash your hands often with soap. Teach your children to do the same. Do not put unwashed hands around your eyes, mouth, or nose. Do not share cups or eating utensils with someone who is sick. Avoid close contact such as shaking hands, kissing, and hugging people who are sick. Cover coughs and sneezes with your sleeve or a tissue. Clean touched surfaces such as toys or doorknobs often. Stay home when you are sick, and keep your children home if they are sick. Children with asthma are at increased risk for severe illness from EV-D68. The CDC makes the following recommendations to help keep your child safe: Be sure your child's asthma action plan is up to date and that you and your child both understand it. Make sure your child continues to take asthma medicines. Always be sure your child has reliever medicines. Make sure your child gets a flu shot. If asthma symptoms worsen, follow the steps in the asthma action plan. Call your health care provider right away if the symptoms do not go away. Be sure your child's teachers and caretakers know about your child's asthma and what to do to help. If you or your child with a cold has a hard time breathing, contact your provider right away or get emergency care. Also, contact your provider if your symptoms or your child's symptoms are getting worse. Non-polio enterovirus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Enterovirus D68. www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/ev-d68.html#us. Updated October 20, 2017. Accessed October 26, 2017. Romero JR, Modlin JF. Coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and numbered enteroviruses (EV-D68). Encyclopedia Entry for Enterovirus : Enterovirus. May be caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ADHD Autoimmune diseases Carcinoid tumors Chronic fatigue syndrome Crohn's disease Diabetes mellitus type 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 Dilated cardiomyopathy Guillain Barr syndrome Hypertension Myocardial infarction Schizophrenia Carcinoid tumors. Encyclopedia Entry for Enterovirus : Enterovirus infection. Source of disease: Enterovirus species |
| Entropion | ETDF | 150,180,870,5710,27500,223540,245540,262020,692330,892500 | Condition where eyelid folds inward, causing eyelash friction with cornea. Encyclopedia Entry for Entropion : Entropion. Entropion can be present at birth (congenital). In babies, it rarely causes problems because the lashes are very soft and do not easily damage the eye. In older people, the condition is most often caused by a spasm or weakening of the muscles surrounding the lower part of the eye. Another cause can be trachoma infection, which can lead to scarring of the inner side of the lid. This is rare in North America and Europe. However, trachoma scarring is one of the three leading causes of blindness in the world. Risk factors for entropion are: Aging Chemical burn Infection with trachoma. Symptoms include: Decreased vision if the cornea is damaged Excessive tearing Eye discomfort or pain Eye irritation Redness. In most cases, your health care provider can diagnose this condition by looking at your eyelids. Special tests are not often necessary. Artificial tears can keep the eye from becoming dry and may help you feel better. Surgery to correct the position of the eyelids works well in most cases. The outlook is most often good if the condition is treated before eye damage occurs. Dry eye and irritation may increase the risk for: Corneal abrasions Corneal ulcers Eye infections. Call your provider if: Your eyelids turn inward. You constantly feel as though there is something in your eye. If you have entropion, the following should be considered an emergency: Decreasing vision Light sensitivity Pain Eye redness that increases rapidly. Most cases cannot be prevented. Treatment reduces the risk of complications. See your provider if you have red eyes after visiting an area where there is trachoma (such as North Africa or South Asia). Eyelid - entropion; Eye pain - entropion; Tearing - entropion. Eye Eye. Gigantelli JW. Entropion. |
| Enuresis 2 | XTRA | 465,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1550,2050,2128,2250,10000 | See Bed Wetting programs. Use Parasites General, Pinworms, and Ascaris programs. |
| Eosinophilia | ETDF | 20,120,950,12330,82500,152000,362020,604000,713340,823580 | Condition where count of eosinophil white blood cells is abnormally high, usually indicating parasites or allergic reaction. |
| Eosinophilia | KHZ | 20,120,950,12330,82500,152000,362020,604000,713340,823580,957310 | Condition where count of eosinophil white blood cells is abnormally high, usually indicating parasites or allergic reaction. |
| Ependymoma | ETDF | 70,180,6750,40870,172690,201250,421500,597500,835350,923070 | Central nervous system tumor, usually intracranial in children and spinal in adults. See Cancer programs. |
| Eperythrozoonosis | ETDF | 190,400,950,322850,323900,323500,342750,346000,349300,923010 | Pig and sheep disease caused by mycobacterium suis - see Mycobacterium Infections. |
| Epicoccum | CAFL | 734,778 | Mold producing allergic reaction on inhalation. Allergies |
| Epicoccum | VEGA | 734 | Mold producing allergic reaction on inhalation. |
| Epicondylalgia | XTRA | 1.2,26,160,250,2720,3000,10000 | Also called Tennis Elbow or (Lateral) Epicondylitis. |
| Epicondylitis | XTRA | 1.2,250,728,766,776,880 | Also called Tennis Elbow or (Lateral) Epicondylalgia. |
| Epidermal Cyst | ETDF | 120,250,8620,17250,82500,115870,325000,491510,673350,874540 | Also called epidermoid cysts. Benign cyst usually found on skin. |
| Epidermolysis Bullosa | ETDF | 130,230,620,48910,137500,295500,413930,653020,876290,924370 | Inherited connective tissue disease complex causing skin and mucous membranes to be damaged easily - young sufferers have been called 'Butterfly Children.' Encyclopedia Entry for Epidermolysis Bullosa : Epidermolysis bullosa. There are 4 main types of EB. They are: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Hemidesmosomal epidermolysis bullosa Junctional epidermolysis bullosa Another rare type of EB is called epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. This form develops after birth. It is an autoimmune disorder , which means the body attacks itself. EB can vary from minor to fatal. The minor form causes blistering of the skin. The fatal form affects other organs. Most types of this condition start at birth or soon after. It can be hard to identify the exact type of EB a person has, although specific genetic markers are now available for most. Family history is a risk factor. The risk is higher if a parent has this condition. Depending on the form of EB, symptoms can include: Alopecia (hair loss) Blisters around the eyes and nose Blisters in or around the mouth and throat, causing feeding problems or swallowing difficulty Blisters on the skin as a result of minor injury or temperature change, especially of the feet Blistering that is present at birth Dental problems such as tooth decay Hoarse cry, cough, or other breathing problems Tiny white bumps on previously injured skin Nail loss or deformed nails. Your health care provider will look at your skin to diagnose EB. Tests that are used to confirm the diagnosis include: Genetic testing Skin biopsy Special tests of skin samples under a microscope Skin tests may be used to identify the form of EB. Other tests that may be done include: Blood test for anemia Culture to check for bacterial infection if wounds are healing poorly Upper endoscopy or an upper GI series if symptoms include swallowing problems Growth rate will be checked often for a baby who has or may have EB. The goal of treatment is to prevent blisters from forming and avoiding complications. Other treatment will depend on how bad the condition is. HOME CARE Follow these guidelines at home: Take good care of your skin to prevent infections. Follow your provider's advice if blistered areas become crusted or raw. You might need regular whirlpool therapy and to apply antibiotic ointments to wound-like areas. Your provider will let you know if you need a bandage or dressing, and if so, what type to use. You may need to use oral steroid medicines for short periods of time if you have swallowing problems. You may also need to take medicine if you get a candida (yeast) infection in the mouth or throat. Take good care of your oral health and get regular dental check-ups. It is best to see a dentist who has experience treating people with EB. Eat a healthy diet. When you have a lot of skin injury, you may need extra calories and protein to help your skin heal. Choose soft foods and avoid nuts, chips, and other crunchy foods if you have sores in your mouth. A nutritionist can help you with your diet. Do exercises a physical therapist shows you to help keep your joints and muscles mobile. SURGERY Surgery to treat this condition may include: Skin grafting in places where sores are deep Dilation (widening) of the esophagus if there is a narrowing Repair of hand deformities Removal of any squamous cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) that develops OTHER TREATMENTS Other treatments for this condition may include: Medicines that suppress the immune system may be used for the autoimmune form of this condition. Protein and gene therapy and the use of the drug interferon are being studied. The outlook depends on the severity of the illness. Infection of the blistered areas is common. Mild forms of EB improve with age. Very serious forms of EB have a very high death rate. In the severe forms, scarring after blisters form may cause: Contracture deformities (for example, at the fingers, elbows, and knees) and other deformities Swallowing problems if the mouth and esophagus are affected Fused fingers and toes Limited mobility from scarring. These complications may occur: Anemia Reduced life span for severe forms of the condition Esophageal narrowing Eye problems, including blindness Infection, including sepsis (infection in the blood or tissues) Loss of function in the hands and feet Muscular dystrophy Periodontal disease Severe malnutrition caused by feeding difficulty, leading to failure to thrive Squamous cell skin cancer. If your infant has any blistering shortly after birth, call your provider. If you have a family history of EB and plan to have children, you may want to have genetic counseling. Genetic counseling is recommended for prospective parents who have a family history of any form of epidermolysis bullosa. During pregnancy, a test called chorionic villus sampling may be used to test the fetus. For couples at high risk of having a child with EB, the test can be done as early as week 8 to 10 of pregnancy. Talk to your provider. To prevent skin damage and blistering, wear padding around injury-prone areas such as the elbows, knees, ankles, and buttocks. Avoid contact sports. If you have EB acquisita and are on steroids for longer than 1 month, you may need calcium and vitamin D supplements. These supplements may help prevent osteoporosis (thinning bones). EB; Junctional epidermolysis bullosa; Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa; Hemidesmosomal epidermolysis bullosa; Weber-Cockayne syndrome; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Epidermolysis bullosa, dominant dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa, dominant dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic. Falabella AF, Bello YM, Schachner LA. Epidermolysis bullosa. |
| Epidermophyton Floccosum | CAFL | 465,784,644,766 | Fungus that attacks skin and nails, including some athlete's foot and jock itch ringworms. Use correct Microsporum and Fungus General programs. See Tinea Cruris and Parasites programs. Skin |
| Epidermophyton Floccosum | VEGA | 644,766 | Fungus that attacks skin and nails. |
| Epidermophyton Floccosum 2 | XTRA | 20,345,465,634,644,660,690,727.5,766,784,802,880,1550 | Fungus that attacks skin and nails. Includes athlete's foot. |
| Epididymitis | CAFL | 2250,1500,880,787,727,20 | Inflammation of testicle area, ducts. Also see Orchitis program. Testicle Encyclopedia Entry for Epididymitis : Epididymitis. Epididymitis is most common in young men ages 19 to 35. It is most often caused by the spread of a bacterial infection. Infection often begins in the urethra, the prostate, or the bladder. Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections are most often the cause of the problem in young heterosexual men. In children and older men, it is more commonly caused by E coli and similar bacteria. This is also true in homosexual men. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) can cause epididymitis. Other bacteria (such as Ureaplasma) may also cause the condition. Amiodarone is a medicine which prevents abnormal heart rhythms. This medicine can also cause epididymitis. The following increase the risk for epididymitis: Recent surgery Past structural problems in the urinary tract Regular use of a urethral catheter Sexual intercourse with more than one partner and not using condoms Enlarged prostate. Epididymitis may begin with: Low fever Chills Feeling of heaviness in the testicle area The testicle area will get more sensitive to pressure. It will become painful as the condition progresses. An infection in the epididymis can easily spread to the testicle. Other symptoms include: Blood in the semen Discharge from the urethra (the opening at the end of the penis) Discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvis Lump near the testicle Less common symptoms are: Pain during ejaculation Pain or burning during urination Painful scrotal swelling (epididymis is enlarged) Tender, swollen, and painful groin area on affected side Testicle pain that gets worse during a bowel movement Symptoms of epididymitis may be similar to those of testicular torsion , which requires emergent treatment. Physical exam will show a red, tender lump on the affected side of the scrotum. You may have tenderness in a small area of the testicle where the epididymis is attached. A large area of swelling may develop around the lump. The lymph nodes in the groin area may be enlarged. There may also be discharge from the penis. A rectal exam may show an enlarged or tender prostate. These tests may be performed: Complete blood count ( CBC ) Doppler ultrasound Testicular scan (nuclear medicine scan) Urinalysis and culture (you may need to give several specimens, including initial stream, mid-stream, and after a prostate massage) Tests for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. If you are taking amiodarone, you may need to lower your dose or change your medicine. Talk with your provider. To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area. You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely. Epididymitis most often gets better with antibiotic treatment. There are no long-term sexual or reproductive problems in most cases. However, the condition may return. Complications include: Abscess in the scrotum Long-term (chronic) epididymitis Opening on the skin of the scrotum Death of testicular tissue due to lack of blood (testicular infarction) Infertility Sudden and severe pain in the scrotum is a medical emergency. You need to be seen by a provider right away. Call your provider if you have symptoms of epididymitis. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have sudden, severe testicle pain or pain after an injury. You can prevent complications if you get diagnosed and treated early. Your provider may prescribe antibiotics before a surgery. This is because some surgeries could raise the risk for epididymitis. Practice safe sex. Avoid multiple sexual partners and use condoms. This may help prevent epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Male reproductive anatomy Male reproductive anatomy Blood in semen Blood in semen Pathway of sperm Pathway of sperm Male reproductive system Male reproductive system. Geisler GM. Diseases caused by chlamydiae. Encyclopedia Entry for Epididymitis : Epididymitis. Inflammation of testicle area, ducts. Also see Orchitis set. Can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrea e Candida albicans. |
| Epididymitis | ETDF | 20,120,950,13610,52500,150000,463040,633250,723530,855350 | Inflammation of testicle area, ducts. Also see Orchitis program. Encyclopedia Entry for Epididymitis : Epididymitis. Epididymitis is most common in young men ages 19 to 35. It is most often caused by the spread of a bacterial infection. Infection often begins in the urethra, the prostate, or the bladder. Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections are most often the cause of the problem in young heterosexual men. In children and older men, it is more commonly caused by E coli and similar bacteria. This is also true in homosexual men. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) can cause epididymitis. Other bacteria (such as Ureaplasma) may also cause the condition. Amiodarone is a medicine which prevents abnormal heart rhythms. This medicine can also cause epididymitis. The following increase the risk for epididymitis: Recent surgery Past structural problems in the urinary tract Regular use of a urethral catheter Sexual intercourse with more than one partner and not using condoms Enlarged prostate. Epididymitis may begin with: Low fever Chills Feeling of heaviness in the testicle area The testicle area will get more sensitive to pressure. It will become painful as the condition progresses. An infection in the epididymis can easily spread to the testicle. Other symptoms include: Blood in the semen Discharge from the urethra (the opening at the end of the penis) Discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvis Lump near the testicle Less common symptoms are: Pain during ejaculation Pain or burning during urination Painful scrotal swelling (epididymis is enlarged) Tender, swollen, and painful groin area on affected side Testicle pain that gets worse during a bowel movement Symptoms of epididymitis may be similar to those of testicular torsion , which requires emergent treatment. Physical exam will show a red, tender lump on the affected side of the scrotum. You may have tenderness in a small area of the testicle where the epididymis is attached. A large area of swelling may develop around the lump. The lymph nodes in the groin area may be enlarged. There may also be discharge from the penis. A rectal exam may show an enlarged or tender prostate. These tests may be performed: Complete blood count ( CBC ) Doppler ultrasound Testicular scan (nuclear medicine scan) Urinalysis and culture (you may need to give several specimens, including initial stream, mid-stream, and after a prostate massage) Tests for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. If you are taking amiodarone, you may need to lower your dose or change your medicine. Talk with your provider. To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area. You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely. Epididymitis most often gets better with antibiotic treatment. There are no long-term sexual or reproductive problems in most cases. However, the condition may return. Complications include: Abscess in the scrotum Long-term (chronic) epididymitis Opening on the skin of the scrotum Death of testicular tissue due to lack of blood (testicular infarction) Infertility Sudden and severe pain in the scrotum is a medical emergency. You need to be seen by a provider right away. Call your provider if you have symptoms of epididymitis. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have sudden, severe testicle pain or pain after an injury. You can prevent complications if you get diagnosed and treated early. Your provider may prescribe antibiotics before a surgery. This is because some surgeries could raise the risk for epididymitis. Practice safe sex. Avoid multiple sexual partners and use condoms. This may help prevent epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Male reproductive anatomy Male reproductive anatomy Blood in semen Blood in semen Pathway of sperm Pathway of sperm Male reproductive system Male reproductive system. Geisler GM. Diseases caused by chlamydiae. Encyclopedia Entry for Epididymitis : Epididymitis. Inflammation of testicle area, ducts. Also see Orchitis set. Can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrea e Candida albicans. |
| Epididymitis 2 | XTRA | 20,660,690,727.5,787,880,1500 | Inflammation of testicle area, ducts. Also see Orchitis program. |
| Epiglottitis | ETDF | 70,460,600,950,11090,32500,127500,395830,619340,725540 | Inflammation of the epiglottis which can interfere with breathing. Encyclopedia Entry for Epiglottitis : Epiglottitis - Haemophilus influenzae (G- rod: facultative-straight: respiratory pathogens Encyclopedia Entry for Epiglottitis : Epiglottitis. The epiglottis is a stiff, yet flexible tissue (called cartilage) at the back of the tongue. It closes your windpipe (trachea) when you swallow so food does not enter your airway. This helps prevent coughing or choking after swallowing. In children, epiglottitis is usually caused by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae ( H. influenzae ) type B. In adults, it is often due to other bacteria such as Strepcoccus pneumoniae , or viruses such as herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster. Epiglottitis is now very uncommon because the H. influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine is given routinely to all children. The disease was once most often seen in children ages 2 through 6. In rare cases, epiglottitis can occur in adults. Epiglottitis begins with a high fever and sore throat. Other symptoms may include: Abnormal breathing sounds ( stridor ) Fever Blue skin color ( cyanosis ) Drooling Difficulty breathing (the person may need to sit upright and lean slightly forward to breathe) Difficulty swallowing Voice changes (hoarseness) The airways can become totally blocked, which can result in cardiac arrest and death. Epiglottitis can be a medical emergency. Seek medical help right away. Do not use anything to press the tongue down to try to look at the throat at home. Doing so may make the condition worse. The health care provider may examine the voice box (larynx) using a small mirror held against the back of the throat. Or a viewing tube called a laryngoscope may be used. This examination is best done in the operating room or a similar setting where sudden breathing problems can be more easily handled. Tests that may be done include: Blood culture or throat culture Complete blood count (CBC) Neck x-ray. A hospital stay is needed, usually in the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatment involves methods to help the person breathe, including: Breathing tube ( intubation) Moistened (humidified) oxygen Other treatments may include: Antibiotics to treat the infection Anti-inflammatory medicines, called corticosteroids, to decrease throat swelling Fluids given through a vein (by IV). Epiglottitis can be a life-threatening emergency. With proper treatment, the outcome is usually good. Spasm may cause the airways to close suddenly. Or, the airways may become totally blocked. Either of these situations could result in death. The Hib vaccine protects most children from epiglottitis. The most common bacteria ( H. influenza type b ) that causes epiglottitis is easily spread. If someone in your family is sick from this bacteria, other family members need to be tested and treated. Supraglottitis. Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Haemophilus influenza organism Haemophilus influenza organism. Nayak JL, Weinberg GA. Epiglottitis. |
| Epilepsy | CAFL | 10000,880,802,787,727,700,650,600,210,633,125,20 | Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Anyone can develop epilepsy. Epilepsy affects both males and females of all races, ethnic backgrounds and ages. Seizure symptoms can vary widely. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs. Having a single seizure doesn't mean you have epilepsy. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy diagnosis. Treatment with medications or sometimes surgery can control seizures for the majority of people with epilepsy. Some people require lifelong treatment to control seizures, but for others, the seizures eventually go away. Some children with epilepsy may outgrow the condition with age. Brain Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - overview. Epilepsy occurs when changes in the brain cause it to be too excitable or irritable. As a result, the brain sends out abnormal signals. This leads to repeated, unpredictable seizures. (A single seizure that does not happen again is not epilepsy.) Brain structures Epilepsy may be due to a medical condition or injury that affects the brain. Or, the cause may be unknown (idiopathic). Common causes of epilepsy include: Stroke or transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) Dementia , such as Alzheimer disease Traumatic brain injury Infections, including brain abscess , meningitis , encephalitis , and HIV/AIDS Brain problems that are present at birth (congenital brain defect) Brain injury that occurs during or near birth Metabolism disorders present at birth (such as phenylketonuria ) Brain tumor Abnormal blood vessels in the brain Other illness that damages or destroys brain tissue Seizure disorders that run in families (hereditary epilepsy) Epileptic seizures usually begin between ages 5 and 20. There is also a higher chance of seizures in adults older than 60. But epileptic seizures can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have simple staring spells. Others have violent shaking and loss of alertness. The type of seizure depends on the part of the brain that is affected. Most of the time, the seizure is similar to the one before it. Some people with epilepsy have a strange sensation before each seizure. Sensations may be tingling, smelling an odor that is not actually there, or emotional changes. This is called an aura. Your doctor can tell you more about the specific type of seizure you may have: Absence (petit mal) seizure (staring spells) Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure (involves the entire body, including aura, rigid muscles, and loss of alertness) Partial (focal) seizure (can involve any of the symptoms described above, depending on where in the brain the seizure starts). The doctor will perform a physical exam. This will include a detailed look at the brain and nervous system. An EEG (electroencephalogram) will be done to check the electrical activity in the brain. People with epilepsy often have abnormal electrical activity seen on this test. In some cases, the test shows the area in the brain where the seizures start. The brain may appear normal after a seizure or between seizures. To diagnose epilepsy or plan for epilepsy surgery, you may need to: Wear an EEG recorder for days or weeks as you go about your everyday life. Stay in a special hospital where brain activity can be recorded while video cameras capture what happens to you during the seizure. This is called video EEG. Tests that may be done include: Blood chemistry Blood sugar Complete blood count ( CBC ) Kidney function tests Liver function tests Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Tests for infectious diseases Head CT or MRI scan is often done to find the cause and location of the problem in the brain. Treatment for epilepsy includes taking medicines, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery. If epilepsy is due to a tumor, abnormal blood vessels, or bleeding in the brain, surgery to treat these disorders may make the seizures stop. Medicines to prevent seizures, called anticonvulsants (or antiepileptic drugs), may reduce the number of future seizures: These drugs are taken by mouth. Which type you are prescribed depends on the type of seizures you have. Your dosage may need to be changed from time to time. You may need regular blood tests to check for side effects. Always take your medicine on time and as directed. Missing a dose can cause you to have a seizure. DO NOT stop taking or change medicines on your own. Talk to your doctor first. Many epilepsy medicines cause birth defects. Women who plan to become pregnant should tell their doctor in advance in order to adjust medicines. Many epilepsy drugs may affect the health of your bones. Talk to your doctor about whether you need vitamins and other supplements. Epilepsy that does not get better after 2 or 3 anti-seizure drugs have been tried is called 'medically refractory epilepsy.' In this case, the doctor may recommend surgery to: Remove the abnormal brain cells causing the seizures. Place a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). This device is similar to a heart pacemaker. It can help reduce the number of seizures. Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Some children are placed on a special diet to help prevent seizures. The most popular one is the ketogenic diet. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as the Atkins diet, may also be helpful in some adults. Be sure to discuss these options with your doctor before trying them. Lifestyle or medical changes can increase the risk for a seizure in adults and children with epilepsy. Talk with your doctor about: New prescribed drugs, vitamins, or supplements Emotional stress Illness, especially infection Lack of sleep Pregnancy Skipping doses of epilepsy medicines Use of alcohol or other recreational drugs Other considerations: People with epilepsy should wear medical alert jewelry so that prompt treatment can be obtained if a seizure occurs. People with poorly controlled epilepsy should not drive. Check your state's law about which people with a history of seizures are allowed to drive. DO NOT use machinery or do activities that can cause loss of awareness, such as climbing to high places, biking, and swimming alone. The stress of having epilepsy or being a caretaker of someone with epilepsy can often be helped by joining a support group. In these groups, members share common experiences and problems. Some people with epilepsy may be able to reduce or even stop their anti-seizure medicines after having no seizures for several years. Certain types of childhood epilepsy go away or improve with age, usually in the late teens or 20s. For many people, epilepsy is a lifelong condition. In these cases, anti-seizure drugs need to be continued. There is a very low risk for sudden death with epilepsy. Complications may include: Difficulty learning Breathing in food or saliva into the lungs during a seizure, which can cause aspiration pneumonia Injury from falls, bumps, self-inflicted bites, driving or operating machinery during a seizure Permanent brain damage (stroke or other damage) Side effects of medicines. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if: This is the first time a person has a seizure A seizure occurs in someone who is not wearing a medical ID bracelet (which has instructions explaining what to do) In the case of someone who has had seizures before, call 911 for any of these emergency situations: This is a longer seizure than the person normally has, or an unusual number of seizures for the person Repeated seizures over a few minutes Repeated seizures in which consciousness or normal behavior is not regained between them (status epilepticus) Call your doctor if any new symptoms occur: Loss of hair Nausea or vomiting Rash Side effects of medicines, such as drowsiness, restlessness, confusion, sedation Tremors or abnormal movements, or problems with coordination. There is no known way to prevent epilepsy. Proper diet and sleep, and staying away from alcohol and illegal drugs may decrease the likelihood of triggering seizures in people with epilepsy. Reduce the risk for head injury by wearing a helmet during risky activities. This can lessen the likelihood of a brain injury that leads to seizures and epilepsy. Seizure disorder; Epileptic - epilepsy. Brain surgery - discharge Epilepsy in children - discharge Epilepsy or seizures - discharge Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child Febrile seizures - what to ask your doctor Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge. Brain structures Brain structures Limbic system Limbic system Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system First aid convulsions, part 1 Convulsions - first aid - series. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - resources. Resources - epilepsy. Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult. Should I call you, or someone else, every time I have a seizure? What safety measures do I need to take at home to prevent injuries when I have a seizure? Is it OK for me to drive? Where can I call to find more information about driving and epilepsy? What should I discuss with my boss at work about my epilepsy? Are there work activities that I should avoid? Will I need to rest during the day? Will I need to take medicines during the work day? Are there any sports activities that I should not do? Do I need to wear a helmet for any type of activities? Do I need to wear a medical alert bracelet? Who else should know about my epilepsy? Is it ever OK for me to be alone? What do I need to know about my seizure medicines? What medicines am I taking? What are the side effects? Can I take antibiotics or other medicines also? How about acetaminophen (Tylenol), vitamins, herbal remedies? Will birth control pills still work if I am taking medicines for my seizures? What are the risks of these medicines if I were to get pregnant? How should I store the seizure medicines? What happens if I miss one or more doses? Can I ever stop taking a seizure medicine if there are side effects? Can I drink alcohol with my medicines? How often do I need to see the provider? When do I need blood tests? What should I do if I am having trouble sleeping at night? What are the signs that my epilepsy is becoming worse? What should others with me do when I am having a seizure? After the seizure is over, what should they do? When should they call the provider? When should we call 911?. What to ask your doctor about epilepsy - adult; Seizures - what to ask your doctor - adult; Seizure - what to ask your doctor. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child. What safety measures do I need to take at home to keep my child safe during a seizure? What should I discuss with my child's teachers about epilepsy? Will my child need to take medicines during the school day? Can my child participate in gym class and recess? Are there any sports activities that my child should not do? Does my child need to wear a helmet for any type of activities? Does my child need to wear a medical alert bracelet? Who else should know about my child's epilepsy? Is it ever OK to leave my child alone? What do we need to know about my child's seizure medicines? What medicines does my child take? What are the side effects? Can my child take antibiotics or other medicines also? How about acetaminophen (Tylenol), vitamins, or herbal remedies? How should I store the seizure medicines? What happens if my child misses one or more doses? Can my child ever stop taking a seizure medicine if there are side effects? How often does my child need to see the doctor? When does my child need blood tests? Will I always be able to tell my child is having a seizure? What are the signs that my child's epilepsy is becoming worse? What should I do when my child is having a seizure? When should I call 911? After the seizure is over, what should I do? When should I call the doctor?. What to ask your doctor about epilepsy - child; Seizures - what to ask your doctor - child. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy in children - discharge. If the doctor sent your child home with medicines, it is to help prevent more seizures occurring in your child. The medicine can help your child avoid having seizures, but it does not guarantee that seizures will not occur. The doctor may need to change the dosage of your child's seizure drugs or use different medicines if seizures persist despite your child taking the medicines, or because your child is having side effects. Your child should get plenty of sleep and try to have as regular schedule as possible. Try to avoid too much stress. You should still set rules and limits, along with consequences, for a child with epilepsy. Make sure your home is safe to help prevent injuries when a seizure takes place: Keep bathroom and bedroom doors unlocked. Keep these doors from being blocked. Make sure your child stays safe in the bathroom. Younger children should not take a bath without someone present. DO NOT leave the bathroom without taking your child with you. Older children should only take showers. Put pads on sharp corners of furniture. Place a screen in front of the fireplace. Use nonslip flooring or cushioned floor covers. DO NOT use freestanding heaters. Avoid letting a child with epilepsy sleep on the top bunk. Replace all glass doors and any windows near the ground with either safety glass or plastic. Plastic cups should be used instead of glassware. The use of knives and scissors should be supervised. Supervise your child in the kitchen. Most children with seizures can lead an active lifestyle. You should still plan ahead for the possible dangers of certain activities. These activities should be avoided if a loss of consciousness or control would result in an injury. Safe activities include jogging, aerobics, moderate cross-country skiing, dancing, tennis, golf, hiking, and bowling. Games and playing in gym class or on the playground are generally OK. Supervise your child when swimming. To prevent head injury , your child should wear a helmet during bike riding, skateboarding, and similar activities. Children should have someone to help them climb on a jungle gym or perform gymnastics. Ask your child's doctor about your child participating in contact sports. Have your child carry and take seizure medicines at school. Teachers and others at schools should know about your child's seizures and seizure medicines. Your child should wear a medical alert bracelet. Tell family members, friends, teachers, school nurses, babysitters, swimming instructors, lifeguards, and coaches about your child's seizure disorder. DO NOT stop giving your child seizure medicines without talking with your child's doctor. DO NOT stop giving your child seizure medicines just because the seizures have stopped. Tips for taking seizure medicines: DO NOT skip a dose. Get refills before the medicine runs out. Keep seizure medicines in a safe place, away from young children. Store medicines in a dry place, in the bottle that they came in. Throw away all old bottles. If your child misses a dose: Have them take it as soon as you remember. If it is already time for the next dose, skip the dose that you forgot to give your child and go back to the schedule. DO NOT give a double dose. If your child misses more than one dose, talk with the child's health care provider. Drinking alcohol and taking illegal drugs can change the way seizure medicines work. Be aware of this possible problem in teenagers. The provider may need to check your child's blood level of the seizure drug on a regular basis. Seizure medicines have side effects. If your child started taking a new drug recently, or the doctor changed your child's dose, these side effects may go away. Always ask the child's doctor about any possible side effects. Also talk to your child's doctor about foods or other medicines that can change the blood level of an anti-seizure drug. Once a seizure starts, family members and caregivers can help make sure the child is safe from further injury and call for help, if needed. Your doctor may have prescribed a medicine that can be given during a prolonged seizure to make it stop sooner. Follow instructions on how to give the medicine to the child. When a seizure occurs, the main goal is to protect the child from injury and make sure the child can breathe well. Try to prevent a fall. Help the child to the ground in a safe area. Clear the area of furniture or other sharp objects. Turn the child on their side to make sure the child's airway does not get obstructed during the seizure. Cushion the child's head. Loosen tight clothing, especially around the child's neck. Turn the child on their side. If vomiting occurs, turning the child on their side helps make sure that they do not inhale vomit into their lungs. Stay with the child until they recover, or medical help arrives. Meanwhile, monitor the child's pulse and rate of breathing (vital signs). Things to avoid: DO NOT restrain (try to hold down) the child. DO NOT place anything between the child's teeth during a seizure (including your fingers). DO NOT move the child unless they are in danger or near something hazardous. DO NOT try to make the child stop convulsing. They have no control over the seizure and are not aware of what is happening at the time. DO NOT give the child anything by mouth until the convulsions have stopped and the child is fully awake and alert. DO NOT start CPR unless the child has clearly stopped having the seizure and is still not breathing and has no pulse. Call your child's doctor if your child has: Seizures that have been happening more often Side effects from medicines Unusual behavior that was not present before Weakness, problems with seeing, or balance problems that are new Call 911 if: A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes. Your child does not wake up or have normal behavior within a reasonable time after a seizure. Another seizure starts before your child returns to awareness after a seizure ends. Your child had a seizure in water or appears to have inhaled vomit or any other substance. The person is injured or has diabetes. There is anything different about this seizure compared to the child's usual seizures. Seizure disorder in children - discharge. Camfield PR, Camfield CS. Pediatric epilepsy: an overview. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy in children. Epilepsy may be due to a medical condition or injury that affects the brain. Or the cause may be unknown. Common causes of epilepsy include: Traumatic brain injury Damage or scarring after infections of the brain Birth defects that involve the brain Brain injury that occurs during or near birth Metabolic disorders present at birth (such as phenylketonuria ) Benign brain tumor, often very small Abnormal blood vessels in the brain Stroke Other illnesses that damage or destroy brain tissue Epileptic seizures usually start between ages 5 and 20. But they can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy. A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child triggered by a fever. Most of the time, a febrile seizure is not a sign that the child has epilepsy. Symptoms vary from child to child. Some children may simply stare. Others may shake violently and lose alertness. The movements or symptoms of a seizure may depend on the part of the brain that is affected. Your child's health care provider can tell you more about the specific type of seizure your child may have: Absence (petit mal) seizure : Staring spells Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure : Involves the entire body, including aura, rigid muscles, and loss of alertness Partial (focal) seizure : Can involve any of the symptoms described above, depending on where in the brain the seizure starts Most of the time, the seizure is similar to the one before it. Some children have a strange sensation before a seizure. Sensations may be tingling, smelling an odor that is not actually there, feeling fear or anxiety for no reason or having a sense of d j vu (feeling that something has happened before). This is called an aura. The provider will: Ask about your child's medical and family history in detail Ask about the seizure episode Do a physical exam of your child, including a detailed look at the brain and nervous system The provider will order an EEG (electroencephalogram) to check the electrical activity in the brain. This test often shows any abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In some cases, the test shows the area in the brain where the seizures start. The brain may appear normal after a seizure or between seizures. To diagnose epilepsy or plan for epilepsy surgery, your child may need to: Wear an EEG recorder for few days during day-to-day activities Stay in the hospital where brain activity can be watched on video cameras (video EEG) The provider also may order other tests, including: Blood chemistry Blood sugar Complete blood count (CBC) Kidney function tests Liver function tests Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Tests for infectious diseases Head CT or MRI scan are often done to find the cause and location of the problem in the brain. Much less often, PET scan of the brain is needed to help plan surgery. Treatment for epilepsy includes: Medicines Lifestyle changes Surgery If your child's epilepsy is due to a tumor, abnormal blood vessels, or bleeding in the brain, surgery may be needed. Medicines to prevent seizures are called anticonvulsants or antiepileptic drugs. These may reduce the number of future seizures. These medicines are taken by mouth. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the type of seizure your child has. The dosage may need to be changed from time to time. The provider may order regular blood tests to check for side effects. Always make sure your child takes the medicine on time and as directed. Missing a dose can cause your child to have a seizure. Do NOT stop or change medicines on your own. Talk to the provider first. Many epilepsy drugs may affect your child's bone health. Talk to your child's provider about whether your child needs vitamins and other supplements. Epilepsy that is not well controlled after trying a number of antiseizure drugs is called 'medically refractory epilepsy.' In this case, the doctor may recommend surgery to: Remove the abnormal brain cells causing the seizures. Place a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). This device is similar to a heart pacemaker. It can help reduce the number of seizures. Some children are placed on a special diet to help prevent seizures. The most popular one is the ketogenic diet. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as the Atkins diet, also may be helpful. Be sure to discuss these options with your child's provider before trying them. Epilepsy is often a lifelong or chronic illness. Important management issues include: Taking medicines Staying safe, such as never swimming alone, fall-proofing your home and so on Managing stress and sleep Avoiding alcohol and drug abuse Keeping up in school Managing other illnesses Managing these lifestyle or medical issues at home can be a challenge. Be sure to talk with your child's provider if you have concerns. The stress of being a caretaker of a child with epilepsy can often be helped by joining a support group. In these groups, members share common experiences and problems. Most children with epilepsy live a normal life. Certain types of childhood epilepsy go away or improve with age, usually in the late teens or 20s. If your child does not have seizures for a few years, the provider may stop medicines. For many children, epilepsy is a lifelong condition. In these cases, the medicines need to be continued. Children who have developmental disorders in addition to epilepsy may face challenges throughout their life. Knowing more about the condition will help you take better care of your child's epilepsy. Complications may include: Difficulty learning Breathing in food or saliva into the lungs during a seizure, which can cause aspiration pneumonia Irregular heartbeat Injury from falls, bumps, or self-caused bites during a seizure Permanent brain damage (stroke or other damage) Side effects of medicines. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if: This is the first time your child has a seizure A seizure occurs in a child who is not wearing a medical ID bracelet (which has instructions explaining what to do) If your child has had seizures before, call 911 for any of these emergency situations: The seizure is longer than the child normally has or the child has an unusual number of seizures The child has repeated seizures over a few minutes The child has repeated seizures in which consciousness or normal behavior is not regained between them (status epilepticus) The child gets injured during the seizure The child has difficulty breathing Call the provider if your child has new symptoms: Nausea or vomiting Rash Side effects of medicines, such as drowsiness, restlessness, or confusion Tremors or abnormal movements, or problems with coordination Contact the provider even if your child is normal after the seizure has stopped. There is no known way to prevent epilepsy. Proper diet and sleep may decrease the chances of seizures in children with epilepsy. Reduce the risk of head injury during risky activities. This can decrease the likelihood of a brain injury that leads to seizures and epilepsy. Seizure disorder - children; Convulsion - childhood epilepsy; Medically refractory childhood epilepsy; Anticonvulsant - childhood epilepsy; Antiepileptic drug - childhood epilepsy; AED - childhood epilepsy. Ghatan S, McGoldrick PE, Kokoszka MA, Wolf SM. Pediatric epilepsy surgery. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy or seizures - discharge. Your doctor sent you home with medicines to help keep you from having more seizures. This is because the doctor concluded you were at risk of having more seizures. After you get home, your doctor may still need to change the dosage of your seizure drugs or add new medicines. This may be because your seizures are not controlled, or you are having side effects. You should get plenty of sleep and try to keep as regular a schedule as possible. Try to avoid too much stress. Make sure your home is safe to help prevent injuries if a seizure takes place: Keep your bathroom and bedroom doors unlocked. Keep these doors from being blocked. Take showers only. DO NOT take baths because of the risk of drowning during a seizure. When cooking, turn pot and pan handles toward the back of the stove. Fill your plate or bowl near the stove instead of taking all of the food to the table. If possible, replace all glass doors either with safety glass or plastic. Most people with seizures can have a very active lifestyle. You should still plan ahead for the possible dangers of a certain activity. DO NOT do any activity during which loss of consciousness would be dangerous. Wait until it is clear that seizures are unlikely to occur. Safe activities include: Jogging Aerobics Cross-country skiing Tennis Golf Hiking Bowling There should always be a lifeguard or buddy present when you go swimming. Wear a helmet during bike riding, skiing, and similar activities. Ask your doctor if it is OK for you to play contact sports. Avoid activities during which having a seizure would put you or someone else in danger. Wear a medical alert bracelet. Tell family, friends, and the people you work with about your seizure disorder. Driving your own car is generally safe and legal once the seizures are controlled. State laws vary. You can get information about your state law from your doctor and the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Never stop taking seizure medicines without talking with your doctor. DO NOT stop taking your seizure medicines just because your seizures have stopped. Tips for taking your seizure medicines: DO NOT skip a dose. Get refills before you run out. Keep seizure medicines in a safe place, away from children. Store medicines in a dry place, in the bottle that they came in. Throw away all old bottles. If you miss a dose: Take it as soon as you remember. Check with your doctor about what to do if you miss a dose for more than a few hours. There are many seizure medicines with different dosing schedules. If you miss more than one dose, talk with your doctor or nurse. Mistakes are unavoidable and you may miss several doses at some point. So it may be useful to have this discussion ahead of time rather than when it happens. Drinking alcohol or doing illegal drugs can cause seizures. DO NOT drink alcohol if you take seizure medicines. Using alcohol or illegal drugs will change the way your seizure medicines work in your body. This may increase the risk of seizures or side effects. Your health care provider will tell you when you need to check the blood level of your seizure drug. Seizure drugs have side effects. If you started taking a new drug recently, or your doctor changed the dosage of your seizure drug, these side effects may go away. Always ask your doctor about the side effects you may have and how to manage them. Many seizure medicines can weaken the strength of your bones ( osteoporosis ). Ask your doctor about how to reduce the risk of osteoporosis through exercise and vitamin and mineral supplements. For women during childbearing years: If you are planning on becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor about your seizure medicines beforehand. If you get pregnant while taking seizure medicines, talk to your doctor right away. Ask your doctor if there are certain vitamins and supplements you should take in addition to your prenatal vitamin to prevent birth defects. Never stop taking your seizure medicines without talking to your doctor first. Once a seizure starts, there is no way to stop it. Family members and caregivers can only help make sure you are safe from further injury. They can also call for help, if needed. When a seizure starts, family members or caregivers should try to keep you from falling. They should help you to the ground, in a safe area. They should clear the area of furniture or other sharp objects. Caregivers should also: Cushion your head. Loosen tight clothing, especially around your neck. Turn you on your side. If vomiting occurs, turning you on your side helps make sure you do not inhale vomit into your lungs. Stay with you until you recover or medical help arrives. Meanwhile, caregivers should monitor your pulse and rate of breathing (vital signs). Things your friends and family members should not do: DO NOT restrain you (try to hold you down). DO NOT place anything between your teeth during a seizure (including their fingers). DO NOT move you unless you are in danger or near something hazardous. DO NOT try to make you stop convulsing. You have no control over your seizures and are not aware of what is happening at the time. DO NOT give you anything by mouth until the convulsions have stopped and you are fully awake and alert. DO NOT start CPR unless the seizure has clearly stopped and you are not breathing or have no pulse. Call your doctor if you have: More frequent seizures than usual, or seizures starting again after being well controlled for a long period. Side effects from medicines Unusual behavior that was not present before Weakness, problems with seeing, or balance problems that are new Call 911 if: This is the first time the person has had a seizure. A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes. The person does not wake up or have normal behavior after a seizure. Another seizure starts before the person has fully returned to a state of awareness, after a previous seizure. The person had a seizure in water. The person is pregnant, injured, or has diabetes. The person does not have a medical ID bracelet (instructions explaining what to do). There is anything different about this seizure compared to the person's usual seizures. Focal seizure - discharge; Jacksonian seizure - discharge; Seizure - partial (focal) - discharge; TLE - discharge; Seizure - temporal lobe - discharge; Seizure - tonic-clonic - discharge; Seizure - grand mal - discharge; Grand mal seizure - discharge; Seizure - generalized - discharge. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy. Can be caused by the B variant of Human Herpesvirus 6 virus (HHV-6B) and Human Papillomavirus infection of the brain. |
| Epilepsy | ETDF | 70,180,730,870,5710,7250,22500,97500,375350,500000,655200,751870,932410 | Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Anyone can develop epilepsy. Epilepsy affects both males and females of all races, ethnic backgrounds and ages. Seizure symptoms can vary widely. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs. Having a single seizure doesn't mean you have epilepsy. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy diagnosis. Treatment with medications or sometimes surgery can control seizures for the majority of people with epilepsy. Some people require lifelong treatment to control seizures, but for others, the seizures eventually go away. Some children with epilepsy may outgrow the condition with age. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - overview. Epilepsy occurs when changes in the brain cause it to be too excitable or irritable. As a result, the brain sends out abnormal signals. This leads to repeated, unpredictable seizures. (A single seizure that does not happen again is not epilepsy.) Brain structures Epilepsy may be due to a medical condition or injury that affects the brain. Or, the cause may be unknown (idiopathic). Common causes of epilepsy include: Stroke or transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) Dementia , such as Alzheimer disease Traumatic brain injury Infections, including brain abscess , meningitis , encephalitis , and HIV/AIDS Brain problems that are present at birth (congenital brain defect) Brain injury that occurs during or near birth Metabolism disorders present at birth (such as phenylketonuria ) Brain tumor Abnormal blood vessels in the brain Other illness that damages or destroys brain tissue Seizure disorders that run in families (hereditary epilepsy) Epileptic seizures usually begin between ages 5 and 20. There is also a higher chance of seizures in adults older than 60. But epileptic seizures can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have simple staring spells. Others have violent shaking and loss of alertness. The type of seizure depends on the part of the brain that is affected. Most of the time, the seizure is similar to the one before it. Some people with epilepsy have a strange sensation before each seizure. Sensations may be tingling, smelling an odor that is not actually there, or emotional changes. This is called an aura. Your doctor can tell you more about the specific type of seizure you may have: Absence (petit mal) seizure (staring spells) Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure (involves the entire body, including aura, rigid muscles, and loss of alertness) Partial (focal) seizure (can involve any of the symptoms described above, depending on where in the brain the seizure starts). The doctor will perform a physical exam. This will include a detailed look at the brain and nervous system. An EEG (electroencephalogram) will be done to check the electrical activity in the brain. People with epilepsy often have abnormal electrical activity seen on this test. In some cases, the test shows the area in the brain where the seizures start. The brain may appear normal after a seizure or between seizures. To diagnose epilepsy or plan for epilepsy surgery, you may need to: Wear an EEG recorder for days or weeks as you go about your everyday life. Stay in a special hospital where brain activity can be recorded while video cameras capture what happens to you during the seizure. This is called video EEG. Tests that may be done include: Blood chemistry Blood sugar Complete blood count ( CBC ) Kidney function tests Liver function tests Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Tests for infectious diseases Head CT or MRI scan is often done to find the cause and location of the problem in the brain. Treatment for epilepsy includes taking medicines, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery. If epilepsy is due to a tumor, abnormal blood vessels, or bleeding in the brain, surgery to treat these disorders may make the seizures stop. Medicines to prevent seizures, called anticonvulsants (or antiepileptic drugs), may reduce the number of future seizures: These drugs are taken by mouth. Which type you are prescribed depends on the type of seizures you have. Your dosage may need to be changed from time to time. You may need regular blood tests to check for side effects. Always take your medicine on time and as directed. Missing a dose can cause you to have a seizure. DO NOT stop taking or change medicines on your own. Talk to your doctor first. Many epilepsy medicines cause birth defects. Women who plan to become pregnant should tell their doctor in advance in order to adjust medicines. Many epilepsy drugs may affect the health of your bones. Talk to your doctor about whether you need vitamins and other supplements. Epilepsy that does not get better after 2 or 3 anti-seizure drugs have been tried is called 'medically refractory epilepsy.' In this case, the doctor may recommend surgery to: Remove the abnormal brain cells causing the seizures. Place a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). This device is similar to a heart pacemaker. It can help reduce the number of seizures. Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Some children are placed on a special diet to help prevent seizures. The most popular one is the ketogenic diet. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as the Atkins diet, may also be helpful in some adults. Be sure to discuss these options with your doctor before trying them. Lifestyle or medical changes can increase the risk for a seizure in adults and children with epilepsy. Talk with your doctor about: New prescribed drugs, vitamins, or supplements Emotional stress Illness, especially infection Lack of sleep Pregnancy Skipping doses of epilepsy medicines Use of alcohol or other recreational drugs Other considerations: People with epilepsy should wear medical alert jewelry so that prompt treatment can be obtained if a seizure occurs. People with poorly controlled epilepsy should not drive. Check your state's law about which people with a history of seizures are allowed to drive. DO NOT use machinery or do activities that can cause loss of awareness, such as climbing to high places, biking, and swimming alone. The stress of having epilepsy or being a caretaker of someone with epilepsy can often be helped by joining a support group. In these groups, members share common experiences and problems. Some people with epilepsy may be able to reduce or even stop their anti-seizure medicines after having no seizures for several years. Certain types of childhood epilepsy go away or improve with age, usually in the late teens or 20s. For many people, epilepsy is a lifelong condition. In these cases, anti-seizure drugs need to be continued. There is a very low risk for sudden death with epilepsy. Complications may include: Difficulty learning Breathing in food or saliva into the lungs during a seizure, which can cause aspiration pneumonia Injury from falls, bumps, self-inflicted bites, driving or operating machinery during a seizure Permanent brain damage (stroke or other damage) Side effects of medicines. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if: This is the first time a person has a seizure A seizure occurs in someone who is not wearing a medical ID bracelet (which has instructions explaining what to do) In the case of someone who has had seizures before, call 911 for any of these emergency situations: This is a longer seizure than the person normally has, or an unusual number of seizures for the person Repeated seizures over a few minutes Repeated seizures in which consciousness or normal behavior is not regained between them (status epilepticus) Call your doctor if any new symptoms occur: Loss of hair Nausea or vomiting Rash Side effects of medicines, such as drowsiness, restlessness, confusion, sedation Tremors or abnormal movements, or problems with coordination. There is no known way to prevent epilepsy. Proper diet and sleep, and staying away from alcohol and illegal drugs may decrease the likelihood of triggering seizures in people with epilepsy. Reduce the risk for head injury by wearing a helmet during risky activities. This can lessen the likelihood of a brain injury that leads to seizures and epilepsy. Seizure disorder; Epileptic - epilepsy. Brain surgery - discharge Epilepsy in children - discharge Epilepsy or seizures - discharge Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child Febrile seizures - what to ask your doctor Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge. Brain structures Brain structures Limbic system Limbic system Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Role of the vagus nerve in epilepsy Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system First aid convulsions, part 1 Convulsions - first aid - series. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - resources. Resources - epilepsy. Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - adult. Should I call you, or someone else, every time I have a seizure? What safety measures do I need to take at home to prevent injuries when I have a seizure? Is it OK for me to drive? Where can I call to find more information about driving and epilepsy? What should I discuss with my boss at work about my epilepsy? Are there work activities that I should avoid? Will I need to rest during the day? Will I need to take medicines during the work day? Are there any sports activities that I should not do? Do I need to wear a helmet for any type of activities? Do I need to wear a medical alert bracelet? Who else should know about my epilepsy? Is it ever OK for me to be alone? What do I need to know about my seizure medicines? What medicines am I taking? What are the side effects? Can I take antibiotics or other medicines also? How about acetaminophen (Tylenol), vitamins, herbal remedies? Will birth control pills still work if I am taking medicines for my seizures? What are the risks of these medicines if I were to get pregnant? How should I store the seizure medicines? What happens if I miss one or more doses? Can I ever stop taking a seizure medicine if there are side effects? Can I drink alcohol with my medicines? How often do I need to see the provider? When do I need blood tests? What should I do if I am having trouble sleeping at night? What are the signs that my epilepsy is becoming worse? What should others with me do when I am having a seizure? After the seizure is over, what should they do? When should they call the provider? When should we call 911?. What to ask your doctor about epilepsy - adult; Seizures - what to ask your doctor - adult; Seizure - what to ask your doctor. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy - what to ask your doctor - child. What safety measures do I need to take at home to keep my child safe during a seizure? What should I discuss with my child's teachers about epilepsy? Will my child need to take medicines during the school day? Can my child participate in gym class and recess? Are there any sports activities that my child should not do? Does my child need to wear a helmet for any type of activities? Does my child need to wear a medical alert bracelet? Who else should know about my child's epilepsy? Is it ever OK to leave my child alone? What do we need to know about my child's seizure medicines? What medicines does my child take? What are the side effects? Can my child take antibiotics or other medicines also? How about acetaminophen (Tylenol), vitamins, or herbal remedies? How should I store the seizure medicines? What happens if my child misses one or more doses? Can my child ever stop taking a seizure medicine if there are side effects? How often does my child need to see the doctor? When does my child need blood tests? Will I always be able to tell my child is having a seizure? What are the signs that my child's epilepsy is becoming worse? What should I do when my child is having a seizure? When should I call 911? After the seizure is over, what should I do? When should I call the doctor?. What to ask your doctor about epilepsy - child; Seizures - what to ask your doctor - child. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy in children - discharge. If the doctor sent your child home with medicines, it is to help prevent more seizures occurring in your child. The medicine can help your child avoid having seizures, but it does not guarantee that seizures will not occur. The doctor may need to change the dosage of your child's seizure drugs or use different medicines if seizures persist despite your child taking the medicines, or because your child is having side effects. Your child should get plenty of sleep and try to have as regular schedule as possible. Try to avoid too much stress. You should still set rules and limits, along with consequences, for a child with epilepsy. Make sure your home is safe to help prevent injuries when a seizure takes place: Keep bathroom and bedroom doors unlocked. Keep these doors from being blocked. Make sure your child stays safe in the bathroom. Younger children should not take a bath without someone present. DO NOT leave the bathroom without taking your child with you. Older children should only take showers. Put pads on sharp corners of furniture. Place a screen in front of the fireplace. Use nonslip flooring or cushioned floor covers. DO NOT use freestanding heaters. Avoid letting a child with epilepsy sleep on the top bunk. Replace all glass doors and any windows near the ground with either safety glass or plastic. Plastic cups should be used instead of glassware. The use of knives and scissors should be supervised. Supervise your child in the kitchen. Most children with seizures can lead an active lifestyle. You should still plan ahead for the possible dangers of certain activities. These activities should be avoided if a loss of consciousness or control would result in an injury. Safe activities include jogging, aerobics, moderate cross-country skiing, dancing, tennis, golf, hiking, and bowling. Games and playing in gym class or on the playground are generally OK. Supervise your child when swimming. To prevent head injury , your child should wear a helmet during bike riding, skateboarding, and similar activities. Children should have someone to help them climb on a jungle gym or perform gymnastics. Ask your child's doctor about your child participating in contact sports. Have your child carry and take seizure medicines at school. Teachers and others at schools should know about your child's seizures and seizure medicines. Your child should wear a medical alert bracelet. Tell family members, friends, teachers, school nurses, babysitters, swimming instructors, lifeguards, and coaches about your child's seizure disorder. DO NOT stop giving your child seizure medicines without talking with your child's doctor. DO NOT stop giving your child seizure medicines just because the seizures have stopped. Tips for taking seizure medicines: DO NOT skip a dose. Get refills before the medicine runs out. Keep seizure medicines in a safe place, away from young children. Store medicines in a dry place, in the bottle that they came in. Throw away all old bottles. If your child misses a dose: Have them take it as soon as you remember. If it is already time for the next dose, skip the dose that you forgot to give your child and go back to the schedule. DO NOT give a double dose. If your child misses more than one dose, talk with the child's health care provider. Drinking alcohol and taking illegal drugs can change the way seizure medicines work. Be aware of this possible problem in teenagers. The provider may need to check your child's blood level of the seizure drug on a regular basis. Seizure medicines have side effects. If your child started taking a new drug recently, or the doctor changed your child's dose, these side effects may go away. Always ask the child's doctor about any possible side effects. Also talk to your child's doctor about foods or other medicines that can change the blood level of an anti-seizure drug. Once a seizure starts, family members and caregivers can help make sure the child is safe from further injury and call for help, if needed. Your doctor may have prescribed a medicine that can be given during a prolonged seizure to make it stop sooner. Follow instructions on how to give the medicine to the child. When a seizure occurs, the main goal is to protect the child from injury and make sure the child can breathe well. Try to prevent a fall. Help the child to the ground in a safe area. Clear the area of furniture or other sharp objects. Turn the child on their side to make sure the child's airway does not get obstructed during the seizure. Cushion the child's head. Loosen tight clothing, especially around the child's neck. Turn the child on their side. If vomiting occurs, turning the child on their side helps make sure that they do not inhale vomit into their lungs. Stay with the child until they recover, or medical help arrives. Meanwhile, monitor the child's pulse and rate of breathing (vital signs). Things to avoid: DO NOT restrain (try to hold down) the child. DO NOT place anything between the child's teeth during a seizure (including your fingers). DO NOT move the child unless they are in danger or near something hazardous. DO NOT try to make the child stop convulsing. They have no control over the seizure and are not aware of what is happening at the time. DO NOT give the child anything by mouth until the convulsions have stopped and the child is fully awake and alert. DO NOT start CPR unless the child has clearly stopped having the seizure and is still not breathing and has no pulse. Call your child's doctor if your child has: Seizures that have been happening more often Side effects from medicines Unusual behavior that was not present before Weakness, problems with seeing, or balance problems that are new Call 911 if: A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes. Your child does not wake up or have normal behavior within a reasonable time after a seizure. Another seizure starts before your child returns to awareness after a seizure ends. Your child had a seizure in water or appears to have inhaled vomit or any other substance. The person is injured or has diabetes. There is anything different about this seizure compared to the child's usual seizures. Seizure disorder in children - discharge. Camfield PR, Camfield CS. Pediatric epilepsy: an overview. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy in children. Epilepsy may be due to a medical condition or injury that affects the brain. Or the cause may be unknown. Common causes of epilepsy include: Traumatic brain injury Damage or scarring after infections of the brain Birth defects that involve the brain Brain injury that occurs during or near birth Metabolic disorders present at birth (such as phenylketonuria ) Benign brain tumor, often very small Abnormal blood vessels in the brain Stroke Other illnesses that damage or destroy brain tissue Epileptic seizures usually start between ages 5 and 20. But they can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy. A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child triggered by a fever. Most of the time, a febrile seizure is not a sign that the child has epilepsy. Symptoms vary from child to child. Some children may simply stare. Others may shake violently and lose alertness. The movements or symptoms of a seizure may depend on the part of the brain that is affected. Your child's health care provider can tell you more about the specific type of seizure your child may have: Absence (petit mal) seizure : Staring spells Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure : Involves the entire body, including aura, rigid muscles, and loss of alertness Partial (focal) seizure : Can involve any of the symptoms described above, depending on where in the brain the seizure starts Most of the time, the seizure is similar to the one before it. Some children have a strange sensation before a seizure. Sensations may be tingling, smelling an odor that is not actually there, feeling fear or anxiety for no reason or having a sense of d j vu (feeling that something has happened before). This is called an aura. The provider will: Ask about your child's medical and family history in detail Ask about the seizure episode Do a physical exam of your child, including a detailed look at the brain and nervous system The provider will order an EEG (electroencephalogram) to check the electrical activity in the brain. This test often shows any abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In some cases, the test shows the area in the brain where the seizures start. The brain may appear normal after a seizure or between seizures. To diagnose epilepsy or plan for epilepsy surgery, your child may need to: Wear an EEG recorder for few days during day-to-day activities Stay in the hospital where brain activity can be watched on video cameras (video EEG) The provider also may order other tests, including: Blood chemistry Blood sugar Complete blood count (CBC) Kidney function tests Liver function tests Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Tests for infectious diseases Head CT or MRI scan are often done to find the cause and location of the problem in the brain. Much less often, PET scan of the brain is needed to help plan surgery. Treatment for epilepsy includes: Medicines Lifestyle changes Surgery If your child's epilepsy is due to a tumor, abnormal blood vessels, or bleeding in the brain, surgery may be needed. Medicines to prevent seizures are called anticonvulsants or antiepileptic drugs. These may reduce the number of future seizures. These medicines are taken by mouth. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the type of seizure your child has. The dosage may need to be changed from time to time. The provider may order regular blood tests to check for side effects. Always make sure your child takes the medicine on time and as directed. Missing a dose can cause your child to have a seizure. Do NOT stop or change medicines on your own. Talk to the provider first. Many epilepsy drugs may affect your child's bone health. Talk to your child's provider about whether your child needs vitamins and other supplements. Epilepsy that is not well controlled after trying a number of antiseizure drugs is called 'medically refractory epilepsy.' In this case, the doctor may recommend surgery to: Remove the abnormal brain cells causing the seizures. Place a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). This device is similar to a heart pacemaker. It can help reduce the number of seizures. Some children are placed on a special diet to help prevent seizures. The most popular one is the ketogenic diet. A diet low in carbohydrates, such as the Atkins diet, also may be helpful. Be sure to discuss these options with your child's provider before trying them. Epilepsy is often a lifelong or chronic illness. Important management issues include: Taking medicines Staying safe, such as never swimming alone, fall-proofing your home and so on Managing stress and sleep Avoiding alcohol and drug abuse Keeping up in school Managing other illnesses Managing these lifestyle or medical issues at home can be a challenge. Be sure to talk with your child's provider if you have concerns. The stress of being a caretaker of a child with epilepsy can often be helped by joining a support group. In these groups, members share common experiences and problems. Most children with epilepsy live a normal life. Certain types of childhood epilepsy go away or improve with age, usually in the late teens or 20s. If your child does not have seizures for a few years, the provider may stop medicines. For many children, epilepsy is a lifelong condition. In these cases, the medicines need to be continued. Children who have developmental disorders in addition to epilepsy may face challenges throughout their life. Knowing more about the condition will help you take better care of your child's epilepsy. Complications may include: Difficulty learning Breathing in food or saliva into the lungs during a seizure, which can cause aspiration pneumonia Irregular heartbeat Injury from falls, bumps, or self-caused bites during a seizure Permanent brain damage (stroke or other damage) Side effects of medicines. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if: This is the first time your child has a seizure A seizure occurs in a child who is not wearing a medical ID bracelet (which has instructions explaining what to do) If your child has had seizures before, call 911 for any of these emergency situations: The seizure is longer than the child normally has or the child has an unusual number of seizures The child has repeated seizures over a few minutes The child has repeated seizures in which consciousness or normal behavior is not regained between them (status epilepticus) The child gets injured during the seizure The child has difficulty breathing Call the provider if your child has new symptoms: Nausea or vomiting Rash Side effects of medicines, such as drowsiness, restlessness, or confusion Tremors or abnormal movements, or problems with coordination Contact the provider even if your child is normal after the seizure has stopped. There is no known way to prevent epilepsy. Proper diet and sleep may decrease the chances of seizures in children with epilepsy. Reduce the risk of head injury during risky activities. This can decrease the likelihood of a brain injury that leads to seizures and epilepsy. Seizure disorder - children; Convulsion - childhood epilepsy; Medically refractory childhood epilepsy; Anticonvulsant - childhood epilepsy; Antiepileptic drug - childhood epilepsy; AED - childhood epilepsy. Ghatan S, McGoldrick PE, Kokoszka MA, Wolf SM. Pediatric epilepsy surgery. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy or seizures - discharge. Your doctor sent you home with medicines to help keep you from having more seizures. This is because the doctor concluded you were at risk of having more seizures. After you get home, your doctor may still need to change the dosage of your seizure drugs or add new medicines. This may be because your seizures are not controlled, or you are having side effects. You should get plenty of sleep and try to keep as regular a schedule as possible. Try to avoid too much stress. Make sure your home is safe to help prevent injuries if a seizure takes place: Keep your bathroom and bedroom doors unlocked. Keep these doors from being blocked. Take showers only. DO NOT take baths because of the risk of drowning during a seizure. When cooking, turn pot and pan handles toward the back of the stove. Fill your plate or bowl near the stove instead of taking all of the food to the table. If possible, replace all glass doors either with safety glass or plastic. Most people with seizures can have a very active lifestyle. You should still plan ahead for the possible dangers of a certain activity. DO NOT do any activity during which loss of consciousness would be dangerous. Wait until it is clear that seizures are unlikely to occur. Safe activities include: Jogging Aerobics Cross-country skiing Tennis Golf Hiking Bowling There should always be a lifeguard or buddy present when you go swimming. Wear a helmet during bike riding, skiing, and similar activities. Ask your doctor if it is OK for you to play contact sports. Avoid activities during which having a seizure would put you or someone else in danger. Wear a medical alert bracelet. Tell family, friends, and the people you work with about your seizure disorder. Driving your own car is generally safe and legal once the seizures are controlled. State laws vary. You can get information about your state law from your doctor and the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Never stop taking seizure medicines without talking with your doctor. DO NOT stop taking your seizure medicines just because your seizures have stopped. Tips for taking your seizure medicines: DO NOT skip a dose. Get refills before you run out. Keep seizure medicines in a safe place, away from children. Store medicines in a dry place, in the bottle that they came in. Throw away all old bottles. If you miss a dose: Take it as soon as you remember. Check with your doctor about what to do if you miss a dose for more than a few hours. There are many seizure medicines with different dosing schedules. If you miss more than one dose, talk with your doctor or nurse. Mistakes are unavoidable and you may miss several doses at some point. So it may be useful to have this discussion ahead of time rather than when it happens. Drinking alcohol or doing illegal drugs can cause seizures. DO NOT drink alcohol if you take seizure medicines. Using alcohol or illegal drugs will change the way your seizure medicines work in your body. This may increase the risk of seizures or side effects. Your health care provider will tell you when you need to check the blood level of your seizure drug. Seizure drugs have side effects. If you started taking a new drug recently, or your doctor changed the dosage of your seizure drug, these side effects may go away. Always ask your doctor about the side effects you may have and how to manage them. Many seizure medicines can weaken the strength of your bones ( osteoporosis ). Ask your doctor about how to reduce the risk of osteoporosis through exercise and vitamin and mineral supplements. For women during childbearing years: If you are planning on becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor about your seizure medicines beforehand. If you get pregnant while taking seizure medicines, talk to your doctor right away. Ask your doctor if there are certain vitamins and supplements you should take in addition to your prenatal vitamin to prevent birth defects. Never stop taking your seizure medicines without talking to your doctor first. Once a seizure starts, there is no way to stop it. Family members and caregivers can only help make sure you are safe from further injury. They can also call for help, if needed. When a seizure starts, family members or caregivers should try to keep you from falling. They should help you to the ground, in a safe area. They should clear the area of furniture or other sharp objects. Caregivers should also: Cushion your head. Loosen tight clothing, especially around your neck. Turn you on your side. If vomiting occurs, turning you on your side helps make sure you do not inhale vomit into your lungs. Stay with you until you recover or medical help arrives. Meanwhile, caregivers should monitor your pulse and rate of breathing (vital signs). Things your friends and family members should not do: DO NOT restrain you (try to hold you down). DO NOT place anything between your teeth during a seizure (including their fingers). DO NOT move you unless you are in danger or near something hazardous. DO NOT try to make you stop convulsing. You have no control over your seizures and are not aware of what is happening at the time. DO NOT give you anything by mouth until the convulsions have stopped and you are fully awake and alert. DO NOT start CPR unless the seizure has clearly stopped and you are not breathing or have no pulse. Call your doctor if you have: More frequent seizures than usual, or seizures starting again after being well controlled for a long period. Side effects from medicines Unusual behavior that was not present before Weakness, problems with seeing, or balance problems that are new Call 911 if: This is the first time the person has had a seizure. A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes. The person does not wake up or have normal behavior after a seizure. Another seizure starts before the person has fully returned to a state of awareness, after a previous seizure. The person had a seizure in water. The person is pregnant, injured, or has diabetes. The person does not have a medical ID bracelet (instructions explaining what to do). There is anything different about this seizure compared to the person's usual seizures. Focal seizure - discharge; Jacksonian seizure - discharge; Seizure - partial (focal) - discharge; TLE - discharge; Seizure - temporal lobe - discharge; Seizure - tonic-clonic - discharge; Seizure - grand mal - discharge; Grand mal seizure - discharge; Seizure - generalized - discharge. Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsies. Encyclopedia Entry for Epilepsy : Epilepsy. Can be caused by the B variant of Human Herpesvirus 6 virus (HHV-6B) and Human Papillomavirus infection of the brain. |
| Epilepsy 2 | XTRA | 20,21,125,210,600,625,633,650,660,690,700,727.5,787,802,880,1550,10000 | Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Anyone can develop epilepsy. |
| Epilepsy Fits | XTRA | 20,120,727,787,880 | Epileptic seizures. |
| Episiotomy | ETDF | 120,250,51620,72250,105170,237320,421510,602500,725000,822350 | Surgical incision of perineum during childbirth. Encyclopedia Entry for Episiotomy : Episiotomy - aftercare. Most women heal without problems, although it may take many weeks. Your stitches DO NOT need to be removed. Your body will absorb them. You can return to normal activities when you feel ready, such as light office work or house cleaning. Wait 6 weeks before you: Use tampons Have sex Do any other activity that might rupture (break) the stitches. To relieve pain or discomfort: Ask your nurse to apply ice packs right after the birth. Using ice packs in the first 24 hours after birth decreases the swelling and helps with pain. Take warm baths but wait until 24 hours after you have given birth. Make sure that the bathtub is cleaned with a disinfectant before every bath. Take medicine like ibuprofen to relieve pain. You can do many other things to help speed up the healing process, such as: Use sitz baths (sit in water that covers your vulvar area) a few times a day. Wait until 24 hours after you have given birth to take a sitz bath as well. You can buy tubs in any drug store that will fit on the rim of the toilet. If you prefer, you can sit in this kind of tub instead of climbing into the bathtub. Change your pads every 2 to 4 hours. Keep the area around the stitches clean and dry. Pat the area dry with a clean towel after you bathe. After you urinate or have a bowel movement, spray warm water over the area and pat dry with a clean towel or baby wipe. DO NOT use toilet paper. Take stool softeners and drink lots of water. This will prevent constipation. Eating lots of fiber will also help. Your health care provider can suggest foods with plenty of fiber. Do Kegel exercises. Squeeze the muscles that you use to hold in urine for 5 minutes. Do this 10 times a day throughout the day. Call your provider if: Your pain gets worse. You go for 4 or more days without a bowel movement. You pass a blood clot larger than a walnut. You have a discharge with a bad odor. The wound seems to break open. Perineal laceration - aftercare; Vaginal birth perineal tear - aftercare; Postpartum care - episiotomy - aftercare; Labor - episiotomy aftercare; Vaginal delivery - episiotomy aftercare. Baggish MS. Episiotomy. Encyclopedia Entry for Episiotomy : Episiotomy. There are some risks to having an episiotomy. Because of the risks, episiotomies are not as common as they used to be. The risks include: The cut may tear and become larger during the delivery. The tear may reach into the muscle around the rectum, or even into the rectum itself. There may be more blood loss. The cut and the stitches may get infected. Sex may be painful for the first few months after birth. Sometimes, an episiotomy can be helpful even with the risks. Many women get through childbirth without tearing on their own, and without needing an episiotomy. In fact, recent studies show that not having an episiotomy is best for most women in labor. Episiotomies don't heal better than tears. They often take longer to heal since the cut is often deeper than a natural tear. In both cases, the cut or tear must be stitched and properly cared for after childbirth. At times, an episiotomy may be needed to ensure the best outcome for you and your baby. Labor is stressful for the baby and the pushing phase needs to be shortened to decrease problems for the baby. The baby's head or shoulders are too big for the mother's vaginal opening. The baby is in a breech position (feet or buttocks coming first) and there is a problem during delivery. Instruments (forceps or vacuum extractor) are needed to help get the baby out. You are pushing as the baby's head is close to coming out, and a tear forms toward the urethral area. Just before your baby is born and as the head is about to crown, your doctor or midwife will give you a shot to numb the area (if you have not already had an epidural). Next, a small incision (cut) is made. There are 2 types of cuts: median and mediolateral. A median incision is the most common type. It is a straight cut in the middle of the area between the vagina and anus (perineum). The mediolateral incision is made at an angle. It is less likely to tear through to the anus, but it takes longer to heal than the median cut. Your health care provider will then deliver the baby through the enlarged opening. Next, your provider will deliver the placenta (afterbirth). Then the cut will be stitched closed. You can do things to strengthen your body for labor that may lower your chances of needing an episiotomy. Practice Kegel exercises. Perform perineal massage during the 4 to 6 weeks before birth. Practice the techniques you learned in childbirth class to control your breathing and your urge to push. Keep in mind, even if you do these things, you may still need an episiotomy. Your provider will decide if you should have one based on what happens during your labor. Labor - episiotomy; Vaginal delivery - episiotomy. Normal anatomy Episiotomy - series. Baggish MS. Episiotomy. |
| Epistaxis | ETDF | 130,230,620,6950,27500,85540,122710,453020,743540,836420 | Commonly called a nosebleed. |
| Epithelioma Basal Cell | ETDF | 80,120,850,5160,20000,40000,85000,97500,355720,434500,515000 | Also called Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| Epstein Barr | XTRA | 428,465,660,727,776,787,880 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Epstein Barr : Epstein Barr Virus. May cause: Mononucleosis Autoimmune diseases Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Seasonal affective disorder Lupus Multiple sclerosis Ulcerative rectocolitis Rheumatoid arthritis Sj gren syndrome Ankylosing spondylitis Crohn's disease Breast cancer Burkitt's lymphoma Esophageal cancer Hodgkin's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Information from Marcello Allegretti. Encyclopedia Entry for Epstein Barr : Epstein Barr virus infectious mononucleosis (Mono). Source of disease: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) |
| Epstein Barr Virus 1 | XTRA | 1.1,4.9,6.29,20,27.5,35,72,73,105,120,148,172,220,253,274,410,424,428,465,660,663,664,667,669,690,727.5,738,744,776,778,787,825,880,1013,1032,1920,2127.5,6618,8768,11640.62,11718.75,11875,18670.15,18919.09 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 2 | XTRA | 95,125,330,444,788,802,1550,1800,1865,2720,10000,11640.62,11718.75,11875,18670.15,18919.09 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 3 | XTRA | 105,172,253,660,663,669,744,825,1032,1920 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 4 | XTRA | 12695.3 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 6 | XTRA | 428,465,660,727,776,778,787,880 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 8 | XTRA | 95,125,330,444,788,802,1550,1800,1865,2720,10000 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus 9 | XTRA | 923.34,941.92,947.75,11640.62,11875,11948.44 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus A | XTRA | 923.34,929.52,947.75,11718.75,11948 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus Infections | KHZ | 70,520,700,930,2500,15830,126010,325350,519340,791280 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus Secondary | CAFL | 744,776,778,465,880,787,727,1032,1920,380 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. Also use Parasites General and Roundworm. |
| Epstein Barr Virus_1 | HC | 372500-382350 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. |
| Epstein Barr Virus_2 | HC | 375000 | Herpes virus causing Mononucleosis, also called Infectious Mononucleosis or Glandular Fever - see programs for these, and see EBV programs. Other uses: Alpha Streptococcus, Bacillus Subtilis Niger. |
| Erdheim-Chester Disease | ETDF | 40,1520,14750,71870,152250,217500,335000,492500,675540,775350 | Abnormal multiplication of histiocyte white blood cells affecting bones and bone marrow. |
| Erectile Dysfunction | ETDF | 80,240,650,900,2500,27500,55360,115700,326070,534250 | Also see Impotence and Circulatory Stasis programs. |
| Ergot | HC | 295000 | Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. Encyclopedia Entry for Ergot : Ergot. Latin name: Claviceps purpurea. Pinyin name: MAI JIAO. Effect(s): To contract uterus and stanch bleeding, relieve pain. Plant part: sclerotium. |
| Ergot 1 | XTRA | 660,690,727.5,731.23,14687.19,18437.5 | Claviceps Purpurea. Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. |
| Ergot 2 | XTRA | 660,690,727.5,18437.5,731.23,14687.19 | Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. |
| Ergot 3 | XTRA | 296000 | Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. |
| Ergot Poisoning | ETDF | 70,520,680,900,2750,5000,15360,40,325540,533630 | Also called Ergotism. Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. |
| Ergotism | KHZ | 70,520,680,900,2750,5000,15360,10,325540,533630 | Also called Ergot Poisoning. Rye and cereal mold/mycotoxin which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms when ingested long-term. |
| Erwinia Amylovora | HC | 347200-352100 | Also called fire blight. Contagious disease of apples, pears, and other Rosaceae family members. |
| Erwinia Amylovora 2 | XTRA | 860.62,867.55,872.76,11003.12,21700 | Also called fire blight. Contagious disease of apples, pears, and other Rosaceae family members. |
| Erwinia Carotovora 2 | XTRA | 900.02,924.57,934.49,11346.87,11656.25,11781.25 | Bacterial disease affecting trees and vegetables. |
| Erysipelas | CAFL | 616,776,735,845,660,10000,880,787,727,465,20 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Erysipelas : Erysipelas. Erysipelas is usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The condition may affect both children and adults. Some conditions that can lead to erysipelas are: A cut in the skin Problems with drainage through the veins or lymph system Skin sores (ulcers). The infection occurs on the legs or arms most of the time. It may also occur on the face and trunk. Symptoms of erysipelas may include: Fever and chills Skin sore with a sharp raised border. As the infection spreads, the skin is painful, very red, swollen, and warm skin blisters. Erysipelas is diagnosed based on how the skin looks. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. Antibiotics are used to get rid of the infection. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. People who have repeated episodes of erysipelas may need long-term antibiotics. With treatment, the outcome is good. It may take a few weeks for the skin to return to normal. Peeling is common. Sometimes the bacteria that cause erysipelas may travel to the blood. This results in a condition called bacteremia. When this happens, the infection may spread to the heart valves, joints, and bones. Other complications include: Return of infection Septic shock (a dangerous body-wide infection). Call your health care provider if you have a skin sore and other symptoms of erysipelas. Keep your skin healthy by avoiding dry skin and preventing cuts and scrapes. This may reduce the risk for erysipelas. Strep infection - erysipelas; Streptococcal infection - erysipelas; Cellulitis - erysipelas. Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the face Erysipelas on the face. Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| Erysipelas | ETDF | 40,520,730,870,2250,17500,35830,192500,675360,826900 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). Encyclopedia Entry for Erysipelas : Erysipelas. Erysipelas is usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The condition may affect both children and adults. Some conditions that can lead to erysipelas are: A cut in the skin Problems with drainage through the veins or lymph system Skin sores (ulcers). The infection occurs on the legs or arms most of the time. It may also occur on the face and trunk. Symptoms of erysipelas may include: Fever and chills Skin sore with a sharp raised border. As the infection spreads, the skin is painful, very red, swollen, and warm skin blisters. Erysipelas is diagnosed based on how the skin looks. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. Antibiotics are used to get rid of the infection. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. People who have repeated episodes of erysipelas may need long-term antibiotics. With treatment, the outcome is good. It may take a few weeks for the skin to return to normal. Peeling is common. Sometimes the bacteria that cause erysipelas may travel to the blood. This results in a condition called bacteremia. When this happens, the infection may spread to the heart valves, joints, and bones. Other complications include: Return of infection Septic shock (a dangerous body-wide infection). Call your health care provider if you have a skin sore and other symptoms of erysipelas. Keep your skin healthy by avoiding dry skin and preventing cuts and scrapes. This may reduce the risk for erysipelas. Strep infection - erysipelas; Streptococcal infection - erysipelas; Cellulitis - erysipelas. Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the face Erysipelas on the face. Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| Erysipelas | VEGA | 845,616 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). Encyclopedia Entry for Erysipelas : Erysipelas. Erysipelas is usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The condition may affect both children and adults. Some conditions that can lead to erysipelas are: A cut in the skin Problems with drainage through the veins or lymph system Skin sores (ulcers). The infection occurs on the legs or arms most of the time. It may also occur on the face and trunk. Symptoms of erysipelas may include: Fever and chills Skin sore with a sharp raised border. As the infection spreads, the skin is painful, very red, swollen, and warm skin blisters. Erysipelas is diagnosed based on how the skin looks. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. Antibiotics are used to get rid of the infection. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. People who have repeated episodes of erysipelas may need long-term antibiotics. With treatment, the outcome is good. It may take a few weeks for the skin to return to normal. Peeling is common. Sometimes the bacteria that cause erysipelas may travel to the blood. This results in a condition called bacteremia. When this happens, the infection may spread to the heart valves, joints, and bones. Other complications include: Return of infection Septic shock (a dangerous body-wide infection). Call your health care provider if you have a skin sore and other symptoms of erysipelas. Keep your skin healthy by avoiding dry skin and preventing cuts and scrapes. This may reduce the risk for erysipelas. Strep infection - erysipelas; Streptococcal infection - erysipelas; Cellulitis - erysipelas. Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the face Erysipelas on the face. Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| Erysipelas | XTRA | 616,845 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). Encyclopedia Entry for Erysipelas : Erysipelas. Erysipelas is usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The condition may affect both children and adults. Some conditions that can lead to erysipelas are: A cut in the skin Problems with drainage through the veins or lymph system Skin sores (ulcers). The infection occurs on the legs or arms most of the time. It may also occur on the face and trunk. Symptoms of erysipelas may include: Fever and chills Skin sore with a sharp raised border. As the infection spreads, the skin is painful, very red, swollen, and warm skin blisters. Erysipelas is diagnosed based on how the skin looks. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. Antibiotics are used to get rid of the infection. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. People who have repeated episodes of erysipelas may need long-term antibiotics. With treatment, the outcome is good. It may take a few weeks for the skin to return to normal. Peeling is common. Sometimes the bacteria that cause erysipelas may travel to the blood. This results in a condition called bacteremia. When this happens, the infection may spread to the heart valves, joints, and bones. Other complications include: Return of infection Septic shock (a dangerous body-wide infection). Call your health care provider if you have a skin sore and other symptoms of erysipelas. Keep your skin healthy by avoiding dry skin and preventing cuts and scrapes. This may reduce the risk for erysipelas. Strep infection - erysipelas; Streptococcal infection - erysipelas; Cellulitis - erysipelas. Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the cheek Erysipelas on the face Erysipelas on the face. Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| Erysipelas 1 | XTRA | 20,465,616,660,690,727.5,735,776,787,845,880,2000,10000 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). |
| Erysipelas 2 | XTRA | 20,465,660,727,787,880,10000 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). |
| Erysipelas 3 | XTRA | 20,465,600,660,727,787,880,2000,10000 | Infection normally with red facial, arm, or leg rash. Usually due to Streptococcus Pyogenes or other family members (see Streptococcal Infections). |
| Erythema | ETDF | 70,240,650,900,2500,27500,55540,124370,475360,778500 | Redness of skin or mucous membranes from injury, infection, or inflammation. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema chronicum migrans - seen in Lyme disease Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema infectiosum - (Slapped cheek syndrome; fifth disease) Parvovirus B19 (Parvovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema marginatum - seen in rheumatic fever Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema multiforme - seen in coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema nodosum - seen in coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema nodosum leprosum - Mycobacterium leprae Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema multiforme. EM is a type of allergic reaction. In most cases, it occurs in response to an infection. In rare cases, it is caused by certain medicines or body-wide (systemic) illness. Infections that may lead to EM include: Viruses, such as herpes simplex that cause cold sores and genital herpes (most common) Bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae that cause lung infection Funguses, such as Histoplasma capsulatum , that cause histoplasmosis Medicines that may cause EM include: NSAIDs Allopurinol (treats gout) Certain antibiotics, such as sulfonamides and aminopenicillins Anti-seizure drugs Systemic illnesses that are associated with EM include: Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn disease Systemic lupus erythematosus EM occurs mostly in adults 20 to 40 years old. People with EM often have family members who have had EM as well. Symptoms of EM include: Fever General ill feeling Itchy skin Joint aches Many skin lesions (sores or abnormal areas) Skin sores may: Start quickly Come back Spread Be raised or discolored Look like hives Have a central sore surrounded by pale red rings, also called a target, iris, or bulls-eye Have liquid-filled bumps or blisters of various sizes Be located on the upper body, legs, arms, palms, hands, or feet Include the face or lips Appear evenly on both sides of the body (symmetrical) Other symptoms may include: Bloodshot eyes Dry eyes Eye burning, itching, and discharge Eye pain Mouth sores Vision problems There are 2 forms of EM: EM minor usually involves the skin and sometimes mouth sores. EM major often starts with a fever and joint aches. Besides the skin sores and mouth sores, there may be sores in the eyes, genitals, lung airways, or gut. Your health care provider will look at your skin to diagnose EM. You'll be asked about your medical history, such as recent infections or medicines you've taken. Tests may include: Skin lesion biopsy Examination of skin tissue under a microscope. EM usually goes away on its own with or without treatment. Your provider will have you stop taking any medicines that may be causing the problem. But, don't stop taking medicines on your own without talking to your provider first. Treatment symptoms may include: Medicines, such as antihistamines, to control itching Moist compresses applied to the skin Pain medicines to reduce fever and discomfort Mouthwashes to ease discomfort of mouth sores that interferes with eating and drinking Antibiotics for skin infections Corticosteroids to control inflammation Medicines for eye symptoms Good hygiene and staying away from other people may help prevent secondary infections (infections that occur from treating the first infection). Mild forms of EM usually get better in 2 to 6 weeks, but the problem may return. Complications of EM may include: Patchy skin color Return of EM, especially with HSV infection. Call your provider right away if you have symptoms of EM. EM; Erythema multiforme minor; Erythema multiforme major; Erythema multiforme minor - erythema multiforme von Hebra; Acute bullous disorder - erythema multiforme; Herpes simplex - erythema multiforme. Erythema multiforme on the hands Erythema multiforme on the hands Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, circular lesions - hands Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme, target lesions on the palm Erythema multiforme on the leg Erythema multiforme on the leg Erythema multiforme on the hand Erythema multiforme on the hand Exfoliation following erythroderma Exfoliation following erythroderma. French LE, Prins C. Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema nodosum. In about half of cases, the exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown. The remaining cases are associated with an infection or other systemic disorder. Some of the more common infections associated with the disorder are: Streptococcus (most common) Cat scratch disease Chlamydia Coccidioidomycosis Hepatitis B Histoplasmosis Leptospirosis Mononucleosis (EBV) Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Psittacosis Syphilis Tuberculosis Tularemia Yersinia Erythema nodosum may occur with sensitivity to certain medicines, including: Antibiotics, including amoxicillin and other penicillins Sulfonamides Sulfones Birth control pills Progestin Sometimes, erythema nodosum may occur during pregnancy. Other disorders linked to this condition include leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, rheumatic fever , Bechet disease, and ulcerative colitis. The condition is more common in women than it is in men. Erythema nodosum is most common on the front of the shins. It may also occur on other areas of the body such as buttocks, calves, ankles, thighs, and arms. The lesions begin as flat, firm, hot, red, painful lumps that are about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) across. Within a few days, they may become purplish in color. Over several weeks, the lumps fade to a brownish, flat patch. Other symptoms may include: Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Joint aches Skin redness, inflammation, or irritation Swelling of the leg or other affected area. Your health care provider can diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Tests that may be done include: Punch biopsy of a nodule Throat culture to rule out a strep infection Chest x-ray to rule out sarcoidosis or tuberculosis Blood tests to look for infections or other disorders. The underlying infection, drug, or disease should be identified and treated. Treatment may include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Stronger anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids, taken by mouth or given as a shot. Potassium iodide (SSKI) solution, most often given as drops added to orange juice. Other oral medicines that work on the body's immune system. Pain medicines (analgesics). Rest. Raising the sore area (elevation). Hot or cold compresses to help reduce discomfort. Erythema nodosum is uncomfortable, but not dangerous in most cases. Symptoms most often go away within about 6 weeks, but may return. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum associated with sarcoidosis Erythema nodosum associated with sarcoidosis Erythema nodosum on the foot Erythema nodosum on the foot. Forrestel A, Rosenbach M. Erythema nodosum. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema toxicum. Erythema toxicum may appear in approximately one half of all normal newborn infants. The condition may appear in the first few hours of life, or it can appear after the first day. The condition can last for several days. Although erythema toxicum is harmless, it can be of great concern to the new parent. Its cause is unknown but thought to be related to the immune system. The main symptom is a rash of small, yellow-to-white-colored bumps (papules) surrounded by red skin. There may be a few or several papules. They are usually on the face and in the middle of the body. They can also be seen on the upper arms and thighs. The rash can change rapidly, appearing and disappearing in different areas over hours to days. Your baby's health care provider can often make a diagnosis during a routine exam after birth. Testing is usually not needed. A skin scraping may be done if the diagnosis is not clear. The large red splotches usually disappear without any treatment or changes in skin care. The rash usually clears within 2 weeks. It is often completely gone by age 4 months. Discuss the condition with your baby's provider during a routine examination if you are concerned. Erythema toxicum neonatorum; ETN; Toxic erythema of the newborn; Flea-bite dermatitis. Neonate Neonate. Martin KL. Diseases of the neonate. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema : Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease). Source of disease: Parvovirus B19 |
| Erythema 1 | XTRA | 9.39,809,1618,3236 | Redness of skin or mucous membranes from injury, infection, or inflammation. |
| Erythema Infectiosum | ETDF | 70,240,650,900,2500,27500,155360,215700,375540,522530 | Also called Fifth Disease, or Slapped Cheek Syndrome. Common childhood condition. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Infectiosum : Erythema infectiosum - (Slapped cheek syndrome; fifth disease) Parvovirus B19 (Parvovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Infectiosum : Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease). Source of disease: Parvovirus B19 |
| Erythema Infectiosum | XTRA | 809,1618,3236 | Also called Fifth Disease, or Slapped Cheek Syndrome. Common childhood condition. Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Infectiosum : Erythema infectiosum - (Slapped cheek syndrome; fifth disease) Parvovirus B19 (Parvovirus) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Infectiosum : Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease). Source of disease: Parvovirus B19 |
| Erythema Nodosum | CAFL | 9.39 | Inflammation of fat cells under skin, leading to sore red lumps, usually on both shins. Other uses: arthritis/arthralgia due to gout, vascular eczema/lung, functional disturbances. Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Nodosum : Erythema nodosum - seen in coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Nodosum : Erythema nodosum leprosum - Mycobacterium leprae Encyclopedia Entry for Erythema Nodosum : Erythema nodosum. In about half of cases, the exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown. The remaining cases are associated with an infection or other systemic disorder. Some of the more common infections associated with the disorder are: Streptococcus (most common) Cat scratch disease Chlamydia Coccidioidomycosis Hepatitis B Histoplasmosis Leptospirosis Mononucleosis (EBV) Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Psittacosis Syphilis Tuberculosis Tularemia Yersinia Erythema nodosum may occur with sensitivity to certain medicines, including: Antibiotics, including amoxicillin and other penicillins Sulfonamides Sulfones Birth control pills Progestin Sometimes, erythema nodosum may occur during pregnancy. Other disorders linked to this condition include leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, rheumatic fever , Bechet disease, and ulcerative colitis. The condition is more common in women than it is in men. Erythema nodosum is most common on the front of the shins. It may also occur on other areas of the body such as buttocks, calves, ankles, thighs, and arms. The lesions begin as flat, firm, hot, red, painful lumps that are about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) across. Within a few days, they may become purplish in color. Over several weeks, the lumps fade to a brownish, flat patch. Other symptoms may include: Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Joint aches Skin redness, inflammation, or irritation Swelling of the leg or other affected area. Your health care provider can diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Tests that may be done include: Punch biopsy of a nodule Throat culture to rule out a strep infection Chest x-ray to rule out sarcoidosis or tuberculosis Blood tests to look for infections or other disorders. The underlying infection, drug, or disease should be identified and treated. Treatment may include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Stronger anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids, taken by mouth or given as a shot. Potassium iodide (SSKI) solution, most often given as drops added to orange juice. Other oral medicines that work on the body's immune system. Pain medicines (analgesics). Rest. Raising the sore area (elevation). Hot or cold compresses to help reduce discomfort. Erythema nodosum is uncomfortable, but not dangerous in most cases. Symptoms most often go away within about 6 weeks, but may return. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum associated with sarcoidosis Erythema nodosum associated with sarcoidosis Erythema nodosum on the foot Erythema nodosum on the foot. Forrestel A, Rosenbach M. Erythema nodosum. |
| Escherichia Coli | CAFL | 282,289,327,333,413,548,642,799,802,804,832,957,1320,1550,1722,7849 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. Intestines |
| Escherichia Coli (E Coli) | HC | 356000 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli 1 | XTRA | 971.66,974.14,12250,12281.25 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli 2 | XTRA | 882.44,11125 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli 3 | XTRA | 282,289,327,330,333,413,548,556,634,642,776,799,800,802,804,832,840,856,934,957,1000,1244,1320,1550,1552,1722,1730,7847,7849 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli 5 | XTRA | 330,358,539,556,634,642,776,800,840,856,934,1000,1244,1712,1730,7847 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli 6 | XTRA | 882.44,974.14,17724.2,19566.31 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli Comp | XTRA | 282,289,327,330,333,358,413,539,548,556,632,634,642,776,799,800,802,804,832,840,856,934,957,1000,1242,1244,1320,1550,1552,1703,1712,1722,1730,7847,7849 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli Infections | ETDF | 160,410,730,830,7500,356000,393000,425000,610500,826070 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli Infections | KHZ | 160,410,730,830,7500,27500,157500,425000,610500,826070 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Escherichia Coli Mutant Strain | XTRA | 556,632,634,776,934,1242,1244,1703 | Also called E Coli. Can infect wounds and urinary tract. Recommended in cancers. May need Adenovirus follow-up. |
| Esophageal Achalasia | ETDF | 220,650,830,7500,120000,357500,425360,651000,754370,819680 | Muscle relaxation failure causing problems swallowing food. |
| Esophageal Atresia | ETDF | 220,750,850,10890,32500,62030,225540,410500,719340,865360 | Birth defect where the esophagus fails to properly connect to the stomach. Encyclopedia Entry for Esophageal Atresia : Esophageal atresia. Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect. This means it occurs before birth. There are several types. In most cases, the upper esophagus ends and does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. Most infants with EA have another defect called tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the windpipe (trachea). In addition, infants with EA/TEF often have tracheomalacia. This is a weakness and floppiness of the walls of the windpipe, which can cause breathing to sound high-pitched or noisy. Some babies with EA/TEF have other defects as well, most commonly heart defects. Symptoms of EA may include: Bluish coloration to the skin (cyanosis) with attempted feeding Coughing, gagging, and choking with attempted feeding Drooling Poor feeding. Before birth, a mother's ultrasound may show too much amniotic fluid. This can be a sign of EA or other blockage of the baby's digestive tract. The disorder is usually detected shortly after birth when the infant tries to feed and then coughs, chokes, and turns blue. If EA is suspected, the health care provider will try to pass a small feeding tube through the infant's mouth or nose into the stomach. If the feeding tube can't pass all the way to the stomach, the infant will likely be diagnosed with EA. An x-ray is then done and will show any of the following: An air-filled pouch in the esophagus. Air in the stomach and intestine. If a feeding tube has been inserted before the x-ray, it will appear coiled in the upper esophagus. EA is a surgical emergency. Surgery to repair the esophagus is done as soon as possible after birth so that the lungs are not damaged and the baby can be fed. Before the surgery, the baby is not fed by mouth and will need intravenous (IV) nutrition. Care is taken to prevent the baby from breathing secretions into the lungs. An early diagnosis gives a better chance of a good outcome. The infant may breathe saliva and other fluids into the lungs, causing aspiration pneumonia, choking, and possibly death. Other complications may include: Feeding problems Reflux (the repeated bringing up of food from the stomach) after surgery Narrowing (stricture) of the esophagus due to scarring from surgery Prematurity may complicate the condition. As noted above, there may also be defects in other areas of the body. This disorder is usually diagnosed shortly after birth. Call your baby's provider right away if the baby vomits repeatedly after feedings, or if the baby develops breathing difficulties. Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series. Madanick R, Orlando RC. Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the esophagus. |
| Esophageal Diseases | ETDF | 220,650,830,7500,30000,57500,225540,410500,719340,865360 | Esophageal disease. Esophageal diseases can derive from congenital conditions, or they can be acquired later in life. Many people experience a burning sensation in their chest occasionally, caused by stomach acids refluxing into the esophagus, normally called heartburn. |
| Esophagitis | ETDF | 110,570,1090,7500,30000,37500,225540,410500,719340,865360 | Inflammation of the esophagus, making swallowing food difficult. Encyclopedia Entry for Esophagitis : Esophagitis - infectious. Infectious esophagitis is rare. It often occurs in people whose immune systems are weakened. People who have strong immune systems don't usually develop the infection. Common causes of a weakened immune system include: HIV/ AIDS Chemotherapy Diabetes Leukemia or lymphoma Medicines that suppress the immune system, such as ones given after organ or bone marrow transplant Other conditions that suppress or weaken your immune system Organisms (germs) that cause esophagitis include fungi, yeast, and viruses. Common organisms include: Candida albicans Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Human papillomavirus (HPV) Tuberculosis bacteria ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ). Symptoms of esophagitis include: Difficulty swallowing and painful swallowing Fever and chills Yeast infection of the tongue and lining of the mouth ( oral thrush ) Sores in the mouth or back of the throat (with herpes or CMV). The health care provider will ask about your symptoms and examine your mouth and throat. Tests may include: Blood and urine tests for CMV Culture of cells from the esophagus for herpes or CMV Mouth or throat swab culture for candida You may need to have an upper endoscopy exam. This is a test to examine the lining of the esophagus. In most people with esophagitis, medicines can control the infection. These include: Antiviral medicines such as acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir can treat a herpes infection. Antifungal medicines such as fluconazole (taken by mouth), caspofungin (given by injection), or amphotericin (given by injection) can treat candida infection. Antiviral medicines that are given through a vein (intravenously), such as ganciclovir or foscarnet can treat CMV infection. In some cases, a medicine called valganciclovir, which is taken by mouth, can be used for CMV infection. Some people may also need pain medicine. Ask your provider for special diet recommendations. For example, there may be foods you need to avoid eating as your esophagitis heals. Many people who are treated for an episode of infectious esophagitis need other, long-term medicines to suppress the virus or fungus, and to prevent the infection from coming back. Esophagitis can usually be treated effectively and usually heals in 3 to 5 days. People with a weakened immune system may take longer to get better. Health problems that may result from infectious esophagitis include: Holes in your esophagus (perforations) Infection at other sites Recurrent infection. Call your provider if you have any condition that can cause reduced immune response and you develop symptoms of infectious esophagitis. If you have a weakened immune system, try to avoid contact with people who have an infection with any of the organisms mentioned above. Infection - esophagus; Esophageal infection. Herpetic esophagitis Herpetic esophagitis Upper gastrointestinal system Upper gastrointestinal system CMV esophagitis CMV esophagitis Candidal esophagitis Candidal esophagitis. Graman PS. Esophagitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Esophagitis : Esophagitis. Esophagitis is often caused by stomach fluid that flows back into the food pipe. The fluid contains acid, which irritates the tissue. This problem is called gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). An autoimmune disorder called eosinophilic esophagitis also causes this condition. The following increase your risk of this condition: Alcohol use Cigarette smoking Surgery or radiation to the chest (for example, treatment for lung cancer) Taking certain medicines without drinking plenty of water. These medicines include alendronate, doxycycline, ibandronate, risedronate, tetracycline, potassium tablets, and vitamin C Vomiting People who have a weakened immune system may develop infections. Infections may lead to swelling of the food pipe. Infection may be due to: Fungi or yeast (most often Candida) Viruses, such as herpes or cytomegalovirus. The infection or irritation may cause the food pipe to become inflamed. Sores called ulcers may form. Symptoms may include: Cough Difficulty swallowing Painful swallowing Heartburn (acid reflux) Hoarseness Sore throat. The doctor may perform the following tests: Esophageal manometry Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), removing a piece of tissue from the food pipe for examination ( biopsy ) Upper GI series (barium swallow x-ray). Treatment depends on the cause. Common treatment options are: Medicines that reduce stomach acid in case of reflux disease Antibiotics to treat infections Medicines and diet changes to treat eosinophilic esophagitis Medicines to coat the lining of the food pipe to treat damage related to pills. Most of the time, the disorders that cause swelling of the food pipe, respond to treatment. If not treated, this condition may cause severe discomfort. Scarring (stricture) of the food pipe may develop. This can cause swallowing problems. A condition called Barrett esophagus (BE) can develop after years of GERD. Rarely, BE may lead to cancer of the food pipe. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of esophagitis. Inflammation - esophagus; Erosive esophagitis; Ulcerative esophagitis. Anti-reflux surgery - discharge. Esophagus and stomach anatomy Esophagus and stomach anatomy Esophagus Esophagus. Falk GW, Katzka DA. Diseases of the esophagus. |
| Esophagitis Constriction | XTRA | 660,690,727.5,787,880 | Inflammation of the esophagus, making swallowing food difficult. Other use: frostbite. |
| Esotropia | ETDF | 120,550,950,5250,25510,42500,162520,492570,675510,828530 | Inward eye squint, or Strabismus. |
| Essential Oil - Abundance | XTRA | 19500000 | 78MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: orange, frankincense, patchouli, clove, ginger, myrrh, cinnamon, spruce. Enhances human magnetic field. Others: Brain Power, Peppermint. |
| Essential Oil - Acceptance | XTRA | 12750000 | 102MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: rosewood, almond, geranium, frankincense, blue tansy, sandalwood, neroli. Promotes acceptance of self and others, helps with procrastination and denial. Others: Di-Gise, Melissa, Release, SARA. |
| Essential Oil - Angelica | XTRA | 21250000 | 85MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Exhaustion, skin, psoriasis, gout, detox, fluid retention. |
| Essential Oil - Aroma Life | XTRA | 21000000 | 84MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: cypress, marjoram, helichrysum, ylang ylang, sesame seed. Energizes life force. Combine with Chakra 2 Heart program. |
| Essential Oil - Aroma Siez | XTRA | 16000000 | 64MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: basil, marjoram, lavender, peppermint, cypress. Soothes soreness after exercise. |
| Essential Oil - Awaken | XTRA | 22250000 | 89MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: almond, Joy, Present Time, Forgiveness, Dream Catcher, Harmony. Promotes awareness and awakening. Others: Immupower, Live With Passion, White Angelica. |
| Essential Oil - Basil | XTRA | 13000000 | 52MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: invigorates and refreshes the mind. Infections, healing, fatigue, alertness, concentration. Other: Christmas Spirit. |
| Essential Oil - Blue Tansy | XTRA | 13125000 | 105MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: similar qualities to German Chamomile. Others: Chamomile, German, Myrrh, Peace & Calming. |
| Essential Oil - Citrus Fresh | XTRA | 22500000 | 90MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: orange, tangerine, mandarin, grapefruit, lemon, spearmint. Immune system. Promotes security, creativity, and joy. Others: Envision, Exodus II. |
| Essential Oil - Clarity | XTRA | 12625000 | 101MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: basil, cardamom, rosemary, peppermint, rosewood, geranium, lemon, palmarosa, ylang ylang, bergamot, Roman chamomile, jasmine. Promotes mental sharpness. Other: Harmony. |
| Essential Oil - Dragon Time | XTRA | 18000000 | 72MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: clary sage, fennel, lavender, marjoram, yarrow, jasmine. Supports emotions during female monthly cycle. Others: M-Grain, Three Wise Men. |
| Essential Oil - Dream Catcher | XTRA | 24500000 | 98MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: sandalwood, tangerine, ylang ylang, black pepper, bergamot, juniper, anise, blue tansy. Enhances dreaming and visualisation. Others: Hope, Inner Child, Juniper, Present Time, Surrender. |
| Essential Oil - EndoFlex | XTRA | 17250000 | 138MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: sesame seed, spearmint, sage, geranium, myrtle, nutmeg, German chamomile. Glandular, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, and other systems. Helps weight control. |
| Essential Oil - En-R-Gee | XTRA | 13250000 | 106MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: rosemary, juniper, lemongrass, nutmeg, Idaho balsam fir, clove, black pepper. Boosts energy, restores mental alertness. |
| Essential Oil - Forgiveness | XTRA | 24000000 | 192MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: melissa, geranium, frankincense, rosewood, sandalwood, angelica, lavender, lemon, jasmine, Roman Chamomile, bergamot, ylang ylang, palmarosa, helichrysum, rose, sesame seed. Release hurt and move on. Others: Melrose, Sandalwood. |
| Essential Oil - Frankincense | XTRA | 18375000 | 147MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: dry and aging skin, rejuvenation, stress, despair, focus, Alzheimer's, brain function, cancer, asthma, herpes, skin, auto-immune problems, panic attacks. Other: Mister. |
| Essential Oil - Galbanum | XTRA | 14000000 | 56MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Supports immune, digestive, respiratory, circulatory and other systems. Skin problems, and aging skin. Others: PanAway, Relieve It. |
| Essential Oil - Gathering | XTRA | 24750000 | 99MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: lavender, galbanum, frankincense, geranium, ylang ylang, spruce, cinnamon, rose, sandalwood. Unifies spiritually and emotionally. Other: Magnify Your Purpose. |
| Essential Oil - Gentle Baby | XTRA | 19000000 | 152MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: rosewood, geranium, palmarosa, lavender, Roman chamomile, ylang ylang, lemon, jasmine, bergamot, rose. Helps emotions in pregnancy, calms fretful children, soothes skin. Other: Lemon. |
| Essential Oil - Grounding | XTRA | 17500000 | 140MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: white fir, spruce, ylang ylang, pine, cedarwood, angelica, juniper. Helps stability, coping, and positivity. Other: Raven. |
| Essential Oil - Helichrysum | XTRA | 22625000 | 181MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: skin problems, sunscreen, cholesterol. |
| Essential Oil - Humility | XTRA | 22000000 | 88MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: sesame seed, rosewood, ylang ylang, geranium, melissa, frankincense, spikenard, myrrh, rose, neroli. Balances heart and mind, enabling healing, reconnects to spirit. Others: Into The Future, Sacred Mountain, Sensation. |
| Essential Oil - Inspiration | XTRA | 17625000 | 141MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: cedarwood, spruce, rosewood, myrtle, sandalwood, frankincense, mugwort. Enhances spirituality, prayer, meditation, and inner awareness. |
| Essential Oil - Joy | XTRA | 23500000 | 188MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: bergamot, ylang ylang, geranium, rosewood, lemon, mandarin, jasmine, Roman chamomile, palmarosa, rose. Mental and emotional uplift. Other: Valor. |
| Essential Oil - Juva Flex | XTRA | 20500000 | 82MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: sesame seed, fennel, geranium, rosemary, Roman chamomile, blue tansy, helichrysum. Supports liver, digestive, lymphatic systems. May help cell function. |
| Essential Oil - Lavender | XTRA | 14750000 | 118MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: burns, joint pains, insect bites, antibacterial, whooping cough, chicken pox, insomnia, stress, anxiety. |
| Essential Oil - Motivation | XTRA | 12875000 | 103MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: Roman chamomile, spruce, ylang ylang, lavender. Fosters action and accomplishment, enables positivity and progress. |
| Essential Oil - Purification | XTRA | 23000000 | 46MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: citronella, lemongrass, rosemary, melaleuca, lavandin, myrtle. Insect bites, skin, cuts, and scrapes. Other: Trauma Life. |
| Essential Oil - Ravensara | XTRA | 16750000 | 134MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: sinus, lung, and throat infections, hepatitis, shingles, herpes, and viral infections. Immune system support. |
| Essential Oil - Rose | XTRA | 20000000 | 320MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Single: poison ivy, scarring, hormone balance, PMS, menopause, aphrodisiac, grief, balance, harmony, skin. |
| Essential Oil - Thieves | XTRA | 18750000 | 150MHz. Use damped wave, or for simple waves program X to 5. Blend: clove, lemon, cinnamon, eucalyptus radiata, rosemary. Highly effective immune system and general health support. Other: RC. |
| Essential Tremor | ETDF | 110,570,81300,105710,221500,337500,570510,691510,775480,971550 | Most common movement disorder affecting finger, hands, arms, and sometimes other parts of the body. Encyclopedia Entry for Essential Tremor : Essential tremor. ET is the most common type of tremor. Everyone has some tremor, but the movements are often so small that they can't be seen. ET affects both men and women. It is most common in people older than 65 years. The exact cause of ET is unknown. Research suggests that the part of the brain that controls muscle movements does not work correctly in people with ET. If an ET occurs in more than one member of a family, it is called a familial tremor. This type of ET is passed down through families (inherited). This suggests that genes play a role in its cause. Familial tremor is usually a dominant trait. This means that you only need to get the gene from one parent to develop the tremor. It often starts in early middle age, but may be seen in people who are older or younger, or even in children. The tremor is more likely to be noticed in the forearm and hands. The arms, head, eyelids, or other muscles may also be affected. The tremor rarely occurs in the legs or feet. A person with ET may have trouble holding or using small objects such as silverware or a pen. The shaking most often involves small, rapid movements occurring 4 to 12 times a second. Specific symptoms may include: Head nodding Shaking or quivering sound to the voice if the tremor affects the voice box Problems with writing, drawing, drinking from a cup, or using tools if the tremor affects the hands The tremors may: Occur during movement (action-related tremor) and may be less noticeable with rest Come and go, but often get worse with age Worsen with stress, caffeine, lack of sleep, and certain medicines Not affect both sides of the body the same way Improve slightly by drinking a small amount of alcohol. Your health care provider can make the diagnosis by performing a physical exam and asking about your medical and personal history. Tests may be needed to rule out other reasons for the tremors such as: Smoking and smokeless tobacco Overactive thyroid ( hyperthyroidism ) Suddenly stopping alcohol after drinking a lot for a long time ( alcohol withdrawal ) Too much caffeine Use of certain medicines Nervousness or anxiety Blood tests and imaging studies (such as a CT scan of the head, brain MRI , and x-rays ) are usually normal. Treatment may not be needed unless the tremors interfere with your daily activities or cause embarrassment. HOME CARE For tremors made worse by stress, try techniques that help you relax. For tremors of any cause, avoid caffeine and get enough sleep. For tremors caused or made worse by a medicine, talk to your provider about stopping the medicine, reducing the dosage, or switching. Do not change or stop any medicine on your own. Severe tremors make it harder to do daily activities. You may need help with these activities. Things that can help include: Buying clothes with Velcro fasteners, or using button hooks Cooking or eating with utensils that have a larger handle Using straws to drink Wearing slip-on shoes and using shoehorns MEDICINES FOR TREMOR Medicines may help relieve symptoms. The most commonly used drugs include: Propranolol, a beta blocker Primidone, a drug used to treat seizures These drugs can have side effects. Propranolol may cause fatigue, stuffy nose, or slow heartbeat, and it may make asthma worse. Primidone may cause drowsiness, problems concentrating, nausea, and problems with walking, balance, and coordination. Other medicines that may reduce tremors include: Antiseizure medicines Mild tranquilizers Blood pressure medicines called calcium-channel blockers Botox injections given in the hand may be tried to reduce tremors. SURGERY In severe cases, surgery may be tried. This may include: Focusing high-powered x-rays on a small area of the brain ( stereotactic radiosurgery ) Implanting a stimulating device in the brain to signal the area that controls movement. An ET is not a dangerous problem. But some people find the tremors annoying and embarrassing. In some cases, it may be dramatic enough to interfere with work, writing, eating, or drinking. Sometimes, the tremors affect the vocal cords, which may lead to speech problems. Call your provider if: You have a new tremor Your tremor makes it hard to perform daily activities You have side effects from the medicines used to treat your tremor. Alcoholic beverages in small quantities may decrease tremors. But alcohol use disorder may develop, especially if you have a family history of such problems. Tremor - essential; Familial tremor; Tremor - familial; Benign essential tremor; Shaking - essential tremor. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Hariz M, Blomstedt P. Surgical management of tremor. |
| Euglena | CAFL | 432,3215,3225,3325,6448 | Water-dwelling unicellular flagellate protist. |
| Eurytrema Pancreaticum | HC | 420350-422300 | Pancreatic fluke in sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, donkeys, and camels that can infect man. Also see Parasites Flukes Pancreatic, and Pancreas Fluke. |
| Eurytrema Pancreaticum | XTRA | 1850,2000,2003,2008,2013,2050,2080,6578,13135.94,13156.25,20960.36 | Pancreatic fluke in sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, donkeys, and camels that can infect man. Also see Parasites Flukes Pancreatic, and Pancreas Fluke. |
| Eustachian Tube | XTRA | 465,660,690,727.5,776,787,802,880,1550 | Inner ear inflammation. See Ear(s), and Hearing programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Eustachian Tube : Eustachian tube patency. Ear anatomy Ear anatomy Eustachian tube anatomy Eustachian tube anatomy. Kerschner JE, Preciado D. Otitis media. |
| Eustachian Tube Inflammation | CAFL | 1550,880,802,787,776,727,465 | Use General Antiseptic. See Ear(s), and Hearing programs. Ear |
| Evans Syndrome | ETDF | 120,550,950,5170,22500,142500,362500,562500,775360,924370 | Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack red blood cells and platelets. |
| Exanthema Subitum | ETDF | 70,500,950,7500,10530,132500,242500,392010,629260,915480 | Also called Roseola, or Sixth Disease. Febrile condition in very young children with red skin rash and three-day fever. |
| Exfoliation Syndrome | ETDF | 150,230,730,850,5360,147250,335480,487500,695830,875360 | Also called Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome, or PEX. Age-related systemic disease mainly manifesting in eyes with accumulation of protein fibres. |
| Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency | ETDF | 100,500,680,5950,35710,87500,137500,357500,596500,742060 | Inability to digest food properly due to lack of pancreatic enzymes. |
| Exostoses | ETDF | 70,500,970,9000,11090,32500,42500,190000,450000,856720 | Formation of new bone on surface of existing bone due to excess calcium. Also see Calcium programs. |
| Exotropia | ETDF | 150,230,12750,38850,105250,217250,435360,617520,791480,877910 | Outward eye squint, or Strabismus. |
| Exposed Dental Nerve | XTRA | 47.5,47-48 | The tooth roots are protected by gums. But if the enamel is worn down or if the gum line has receded, then the dentin becomes exposed.When exposed to the elements, these dentinal tubules allow heat, cold, acidic or even sticky substances to reach the nerves inside the tooth, causing pain. |
| Eye Abnormalities | ETDF | 100,500,700,2970,15870,37500,77500,157500,326500,722010 | Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the physical disturbance of the center of the retina called the macula. Bulging Eyes. Cataracts. Cataracts in Babies. CMV Retinitis. Color Blindness. Crossed Eyes (Strabismus) Diabetic Macular Edema. |
| Eye Arteriosclerosis | CAFL | 20,727,787,880,10000 | Hardening of arteries and arterioles in the eyes, affecting vision. Eyes |
| Eye Discharge | XTRA | 436,595,775,952 | Eye discharge associated with viral pink eye typically is clear and watery, but may include a white or light yellow mucus component. Bacterial conjunctivitis, as the name indicates, is caused by bacterial infection and can be sight-threatening if not treated promptly. |
| Eye Disorders | CAFL | 10000,2010,1831,1830,1829,1600,1552,1335,880,787,727,496,400,360,350,160,20 | Blurred vision, cataracts, crossed eyes, diplopia, infections, etc. Also use Macular Degeneration. Eyes |
| Eye Disorders | XTRA | 1600 | Blurred vision, cataracts, crossed eyes, diplopia, infections, etc. Also use Macular Degeneration. Other use: numbness. |
| Eye Floaters | XTRA | 1830 | Deposits in vitreous humour of eyes due to degeneration. Also see Floaters. Encyclopedia Entry for Eye Floaters : Eye floaters. Specks in your vision. Eye Eye. Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ophthalmology. |
| Eye Fusarium General | XTRA | 600,625,650,746,768 | Eye infection due to pathogenic plant fungus. Bioweapon. See Fusarium Oxysporum. |
| Eye General Ailments | XTRA | 20,80,160,350,360,400,496,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1335,1550,1552,1600,1830,2010,10000 | Also see Esotropia, Exotropia, and Strabismus. |
| Eye Glaucoma | CAFL | 727,787,880,5000,1600 | Also see Eyes Glaucoma, and Glaucoma programs. Eyes |
| Eye Hemorrhage | ETDF | 30,230,730,800,12690,5170,32500,93500,175000,526070 | A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye . The conjunctiva can't absorb blood very quickly, so the blood gets trapped. |
| Eye Infections | ETDF | 110,350,700,950,7500,8000,30000,90000,322530,534250 | Causes And Types Of Eye Infections. Examples of viral, fungal and bacterial eye infections include: Pink eye, or conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis, also called 'pink eye', is a common, highly contagious eye infection that often is spread among children in day care centers, classrooms and similar environments. |
| Eye Inflammation | CAFL | 1.2,80 | Use General antiseptic. Eyes |
| Eye Inflammation 2 | XTRA | 1.19,80,250 | Causes Eye injury or surgery. An autoimmune disorder, such as sarcoidosis or ankylosing spondylitis. An inflammatory disorder, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. An infection, such as cat-scratch disease, herpes zoster, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, Lyme disease or West Nile virus. |
| Eye Ptosis | CAFL | 5000,10000 | Drooping eyelid. See Eye Droop of Lid, and Ptosis programs. Other use: Abdominal Pain. Eyes |
| Eyes Glaucoma | CAFL | 1600,1830,880,787,727 | Also see Eye Glaucoma, and Glaucoma programs. Eyes |
| Eyesight to Improve | CAFL | 350,360,1830 | Also see Vision Poor, and Vision Acuity. Eyes |
| Eyesight to Improve | XTRA | 266,350,360,1830 | Also see Vision Poor, and Vision Acuity. |
ALT consists of programs based on Ayurvedic knowledge and practice, solfeggios, and planetary frequencies.
BFB a collection of biofeedback scan results.
BIO is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
CAFL is the Consolidated Annotated Frequency List, amassed over years from the experience of Rife experimenters.
CUST consists of programs added by Spooky team members, plus those in your own personal database.
ETDFL is a collection of programs researched in bio resonance clinics in Germany.
HC is Dr. Hulda Clark’s database. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
KHZ is a collection of higher frequencies from Dr. Hulda Clark. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
PROV has produced consistent results in virtually all subjects it was used with.
RIFE is a collection of Dr. Royal Raymond Rife’s original frequencies.
VEGA is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
XTRA is a collection of programs from various sources, all chosen for their reputation for effectiveness.