Programs List


ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ


Name Type Frequencies Description
CadmiumXTRA14325Heavy metal.
Cadmium 111cdXTRA451.38,486.61,20708Heavy metal.
Cadmium 113cdXTRA472.18,509.02,21662.11Heavy metal.
CaeliaciaCAFL674Also called Coeliacia or Coeliac Disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Caeliacia :
Caeliacia - Celiac Disease. It can be caused by the T1L retrovirus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cafe-au-Lait SpotsETDF520,600,2250,12850,45030,222700,425000,571000,839000,937410Flat light-brown birthmarks.
Caffey-De Toni-Silvermann SyndromeETDF120,250,700,1070,2750,14530,32500,92500,356720,425580Also called Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis. Causes irritability, pain, tenderness, hyperaesthesia, swelling, and redness.
CalcificationsXTRA326Abnormal deposition of calcium in soft tissue, causing hardening. Other use: reduce back pain.
Calcium 2XTRA143.21,154.38,13140.62Mineral.
Calcium Metabolism ImproveXTRA9.59,326,328,673.1,771,4760.5,10000Regulation of movement of calcium in the body, normally handled by the thyroid and parathyroid.
Calcium on Heart ValveXTRA6004Most commonly aortic valve. See Aortic Valve Stenosis, and Mitral Stenosis.
Caliciviridae InfectionsETDF60,490,570,7500,2500,30000,72500,225750,419340,561930Family of viruses causing disease in humans (usually gastroenteritis) and animals. Includes Norwalk Virus.
CalmingCAFL6000Master frequency for central nervous system.
Mind
Calming 1XTRA2.5,7.83,10,80,304,6000People who stay calm under pressure have realized that focusing on positive things will help them to relieve stress while in negative situations. During a stressful situation, negative thoughts only work toward increasing your stress level and that is not good for your body or helpful in making effective decisions.
Mind
Calming 4XTRA1.9,3.9,5.2,6.8,7.3,9.2,11.9,13.96,15.96,17.3,20.4Become less nervous
Mind
CampylobacterCAFL733,1834,2222,378,705.86,2823.5Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Indigestion

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacter infection. Campylobacter enteritis is a common cause of intestinal infection. These bacteria are also one of the many causes of traveler's diarrhea or food poisoning. People most often get infected by eating or drinking food or water that contains the bacteria. The most commonly contaminated foods are raw poultry, fresh produce, and unpasteurized milk. A person can also be infected by close contact with infected people or animals.
Symptoms start 2 to 4 days after being exposed to the bacteria. They often last a week, and may include: Cramping abdominal pain Fever Nausea and vomiting Watery diarrhea , sometimes bloody.
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. These tests may be done: Complete blood count (CBC) with differential Stool sample testing for white blood cells Stool culture for Campylobacter jejuni.
The infection almost always goes away on its own, and often does not need to be treated with antibiotics. Severe symptoms may improve with antibiotics. The goal is to make you feel better and avoid dehydration. Dehydration is a loss of water and other fluids in the body. These things may help you feel better if you have diarrhea: Drink 8 to 10 glasses of clear fluids every day. For people who do not have diabetes, fluids should contain salts and simple sugars. For those with diabetes, sugar-free fluids should be used. Drink at least 1 cup (240 milliliters) of liquid every time you have a loose bowel movement. Eat small meals throughout the day instead of 3 big meals. Eat some salty foods, such as pretzels, soup, and sports drinks. Eat some high-potassium foods, such as bananas, potatoes without the skin, and watered-down fruit juices.
Most people recover in 5 to 8 days. When a person's immune system does not work well, the Campylobacter infection may spread to the heart or brain. Other problems that may occur are: A form of arthritis called reactive arthritis A nerve problem called Guillain-Barr syndrome , which leads to paralysis (rare).
Call your provider if: You have diarrhea that continues for more than 1 week or it comes back. There is blood in your stools. You have diarrhea and are unable to drink fluids due to nausea or vomiting. You have a fever above 101 F (38.3 C), and diarrhea. You have signs of dehydration (thirst, dizziness, lightheadedness) You have recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea. Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days, or it gets worse. You have severe abdominal pain. Call your provider if your child has: A fever above 100.4 F (37.7 C) and diarrhea Diarrhea that does not get better in 2 days, or it gets worse Been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months you should call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins) Reduced urine output, sunken eyes, sticky or dry mouth, or no tears when crying.
Learning how to prevent food poisoning can reduce the risk for this infection.
Food poisoning - campylobacter enteritis; Infectious diarrhea - campylobacter enteritis; Bacterial diarrhea; Campy; Gastroenteritis - campylobacter; Colitis - campylobacter.
Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child Diarrhea - what to ask your health care provider - adult.
Campylobacter jejuni organism Campylobacter jejuni organism Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Allos BM. Campylobacter infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacter serology test. A blood sample is needed. The sample is sent to a lab. There, tests are done to look for antibodies to campylobacter. Antibody production increases during the infection. When the illness first starts, few antibodies are detected. For this reason, blood tests need to be repeated 10 days to 2 weeks later.
There is no special preparation.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
This test detects the presence of antibodies to campylobacter in the blood. Campylobacter infection can cause diarrheal illness. A blood test is rarely done to diagnose campylobacter diarrheal illness. It is used if your health care provider thinks you are having complications from this infection, such as reactive arthritis or Guillain-Barr syndrome.
A normal test result means no antibodies to campylobacter are present. This is called a negative result. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
An abnormal (positive) result means that antibodies against campylobacter have been detected. This means you have come in contact with the bacteria. Tests are often repeated during the course of an illness to detect a rise in antibody levels. This rise helps to confirm an active infection. A low level may be a sign of a previous infection rather than current disease.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
Blood test Blood test Campylobacter jejuni organism Campylobacter jejuni organism.
Allos BM. Campylobacter infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacteriosis. Source of disease: Campylobacter species
CampylobacterHC365300-370600Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacter infection. Campylobacter enteritis is a common cause of intestinal infection. These bacteria are also one of the many causes of traveler's diarrhea or food poisoning. People most often get infected by eating or drinking food or water that contains the bacteria. The most commonly contaminated foods are raw poultry, fresh produce, and unpasteurized milk. A person can also be infected by close contact with infected people or animals.
Symptoms start 2 to 4 days after being exposed to the bacteria. They often last a week, and may include: Cramping abdominal pain Fever Nausea and vomiting Watery diarrhea , sometimes bloody.
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. These tests may be done: Complete blood count (CBC) with differential Stool sample testing for white blood cells Stool culture for Campylobacter jejuni.
The infection almost always goes away on its own, and often does not need to be treated with antibiotics. Severe symptoms may improve with antibiotics. The goal is to make you feel better and avoid dehydration. Dehydration is a loss of water and other fluids in the body. These things may help you feel better if you have diarrhea: Drink 8 to 10 glasses of clear fluids every day. For people who do not have diabetes, fluids should contain salts and simple sugars. For those with diabetes, sugar-free fluids should be used. Drink at least 1 cup (240 milliliters) of liquid every time you have a loose bowel movement. Eat small meals throughout the day instead of 3 big meals. Eat some salty foods, such as pretzels, soup, and sports drinks. Eat some high-potassium foods, such as bananas, potatoes without the skin, and watered-down fruit juices.
Most people recover in 5 to 8 days. When a person's immune system does not work well, the Campylobacter infection may spread to the heart or brain. Other problems that may occur are: A form of arthritis called reactive arthritis A nerve problem called Guillain-Barr syndrome , which leads to paralysis (rare).
Call your provider if: You have diarrhea that continues for more than 1 week or it comes back. There is blood in your stools. You have diarrhea and are unable to drink fluids due to nausea or vomiting. You have a fever above 101 F (38.3 C), and diarrhea. You have signs of dehydration (thirst, dizziness, lightheadedness) You have recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea. Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days, or it gets worse. You have severe abdominal pain. Call your provider if your child has: A fever above 100.4 F (37.7 C) and diarrhea Diarrhea that does not get better in 2 days, or it gets worse Been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months you should call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins) Reduced urine output, sunken eyes, sticky or dry mouth, or no tears when crying.
Learning how to prevent food poisoning can reduce the risk for this infection.
Food poisoning - campylobacter enteritis; Infectious diarrhea - campylobacter enteritis; Bacterial diarrhea; Campy; Gastroenteritis - campylobacter; Colitis - campylobacter.
Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child Diarrhea - what to ask your health care provider - adult.
Campylobacter jejuni organism Campylobacter jejuni organism Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Allos BM. Campylobacter infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacter serology test. A blood sample is needed. The sample is sent to a lab. There, tests are done to look for antibodies to campylobacter. Antibody production increases during the infection. When the illness first starts, few antibodies are detected. For this reason, blood tests need to be repeated 10 days to 2 weeks later.
There is no special preparation.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
This test detects the presence of antibodies to campylobacter in the blood. Campylobacter infection can cause diarrheal illness. A blood test is rarely done to diagnose campylobacter diarrheal illness. It is used if your health care provider thinks you are having complications from this infection, such as reactive arthritis or Guillain-Barr syndrome.
A normal test result means no antibodies to campylobacter are present. This is called a negative result. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
An abnormal (positive) result means that antibodies against campylobacter have been detected. This means you have come in contact with the bacteria. Tests are often repeated during the course of an illness to detect a rise in antibody levels. This rise helps to confirm an active infection. A low level may be a sign of a previous infection rather than current disease.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
Blood test Blood test Campylobacter jejuni organism Campylobacter jejuni organism.
Allos BM. Campylobacter infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Campylobacter :
Campylobacteriosis. Source of disease: Campylobacter species
Campylobacter 1XTRA333,378,523,705.86,732,733,768,786,1633,1834,2222,2823.5Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Campylobacter 2XTRA333,378,523,732,768,786,872.51,879.96,885.4,1633,1834,2222,11093.75,22000Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Campylobacter Fetus 2XTRA905.49,912.17,918.62,11415.62,11500,11581.25Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Campylobacter Fetus1XTRA912.17,18321.63Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Campylobacter InfectionsETDF130,350,47500,159300,352930,475150,527000,662710,742000,988900Bacteria causing food poisoning, usually found in poultry.
Campylobacter PyloridisHC352000-357200Bacteria causing gastric problems. Now named Helicobacter (or Heliobacter) Pylori. Usually present in Morgellons.
Campylobacter Pyloridis 1XTRA879.96,17674.4Bacteria causing gastric problems. Now named Helicobacter (or Heliobacter) Pylori. Usually present in Morgellons.
Campylobacter Pyloridis 2XTRA872.51,879.96,885,4,11093.75,11162.5,22000Bacteria causing gastric problems. Now named Helicobacter (or Heliobacter) Pylori. Usually present in Morgellons.
Canavan DiseaseETDF20,970,5690,32500,175030,451170,517500,683000,712420,995380Degenerative genetic cerebral disease involving neuronic myelin damage.

Encyclopedia Entry for Canavan Disease :
Canavan disease. Canavan disease is passed down (inherited) through families. It is more common among the Ashkenazi Jewish population than in the general population. The lack of the enzyme aspartoacylase leads to a buildup of material called N-acetylaspartic acid in the brain. This causes the white matter of the brain to break down.
Symptoms often begin in the first year of life. Parents tend to notice it when their child is not reaching certain developmental milestones, including head control. Symptoms include: Abnormal posture with flexed arms and straight legs Food material flows back into the nose Feeding problems Increasing head size Irritability Poor muscle tone , especially of the neck muscles A lack of head control when baby is pulled from a lying to a sitting position Poor visual tracking, or blindness Reflux with vomiting Seizures Severe intellectual disability Swallowing difficulties.
A physical exam may show: Exaggerated reflexes Joint stiffness Loss of tissue in the optic nerve of the eye Tests for this condition include: Blood chemistry CSF chemistry Genetic testing for aspartoacylase gene mutations Head CT scan Head MRI scan Urine or blood chemistry for elevated aspartic acid DNA analysis.
There is no specific treatment available. Supportive care is very important to ease the symptoms of the disease. Lithium and gene therapy are being studied.
The following resources can provide more information on Canavan disease: National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/canavan-disease National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases Association -- www.ntsad.org/index.php/the-diseases/canavan.
With Canavan disease, the central nervous system breaks down. People are likely to become disabled. Death often occurs before 18 months of age. However, some people live until they are teenagers or, in care cases, young adults.
This disorder nay cause severe disabilities such as: Blindness Inability to walk Intellectual disability.
Call your health care provider if your child has any symptoms of Canavan disease.
Genetic counseling is recommended for people who want to have children and have a family history of Canavan disease. Counseling should be considered if both parents are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. For this group, DNA testing can almost always tell if the parents are carriers. A diagnosis may be made before the baby is born (prenatal diagnosis) by testing the amniotic fluid , the fluid that surrounds the womb.
Spongy degeneration of the brain; Aspartoacylase deficiency; Canavan - van Bogaert disease.
Breen MA, Robertson RL. Brain imaging.
CancerCAFL6.8,20,55.56,440,663,778,1050,1550,2180,3672Experimental additional frequencies. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerETDF100,610,7670,32000,225030,434150,527000,662710,712000,750000Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerETDF120,270,9330,34210,205690,317250,434500,692500,776950,838250Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerETDF40,400,780,5290,7500,37000,95500,434000,792000,985670Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerETDF60,180,980,6050,22000,47280,87220,97500,355720,434500,515000Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerKHZ0.15,0.18,20.00,45.15,73.30,96.50,125.00,375.75,412.33,563.19Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CancerXTRA10022-10028,5890000Basic comprehensive program.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer - resources. Resources - cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer and lymph nodes. Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: Lymph node biopsy B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel Other imaging tests.
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected. The location, amount of swelling, number of cancer cells, and number of nodes affected will help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage. The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation.
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema , can occur.
Call your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
Lymph gland.
Camp MS, Smith BL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle. Quitting smoking has a direct effect on your risk of cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage your cells and cause cancer growth. Harming your lungs is not the only concern. Smoking and tobacco use cause many types of cancer, such as: Lung Throat Mouth Esophagus Bladder Kidney Pancreatic Certain leukemias Stomach Colon Rectum Cervix Tobacco leaves and the chemicals added to them are not safe. Smoking tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, or chewing tobacco can all give you cancer. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider today about ways to quit smoking and all tobacco use.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can cause changes to your skin. The sun's rays (UVA and UVB) damage skin cells. These harmful rays are also found in tanning beds and sunlamps. Sunburns and many years of sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. It is unclear whether avoiding the sun or using sunscreen can prevent all skin cancers. Still, you are better off protecting yourself from UV rays: Stay in the shade. Cover up with protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Use SPF 30 or higher and reapply every 2 hours if you will be swimming, sweating, or outside in direct sun for a long time. Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
Carrying a lot of extra weight creates changes in your hormones. These changes can trigger cancer growth. Being overweight (obese) puts you at higher risk for: Breast cancer (after menopause) Colon cancer Endometrial cancer Kidney cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Thyroid cancer Gallbladder cancer Your risk is higher if your body mass index (BMI) is high enough to be considered obese. You can use an online tool to calculate your BMI at www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/index.html. You can also measure your waist to see where you stand. In general, a woman with a waist over 35 inches (89 centimeters) or a man with a waist over 40 inches (102 centimeters) is at increased risk for health problems from obesity. Exercise regularly and eat healthy foods to keep your weight in check. Ask your provider for advice on how to lose weight safely.
Exercise is healthy for all, for many reasons. Studies have shown that people who exercise seem to have a lower risk for certain cancers. Exercise can help you keep your weight down. Staying active may help protect you against colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancers. According to national guidelines, you should exercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week for health benefits. That is 30 minutes at least 5 days per week. Doing more is even better for your health.
Good food choices can build up your immune system and may help protect you from cancer. Take these steps: Eat more plant-based foods like fruits, beans, legumes, and green vegetables Drink water and low-sugar drinks Avoid processed foods from boxes and cans Avoid processed meats like hotdogs, bacon, and deli meats Choose lean proteins such as fish and chicken; limit red meat Eat whole grain cereals, pasta, crackers, and breads Limit high-calorie fattening foods, such as French fries, doughnuts, and fast foods Limit candy, baked goods, and other sweets Consume smaller portions of foods and drinks Prepare most of your own foods at home, rather than buying pre-made or eating out Prepare foods by baking rather than broiling or grilling; avoid heavy sauces and creams Stay informed. The chemicals and added sweeteners in certain foods are being looked at for their possible links to cancer.
When you drink alcohol, your body has to break it down. During this process, a chemical byproduct is left in the body that can damage cells. Too much alcohol may also get in the way of healthy nutrients your body needs. Drinking too much alcohol is linked to the following cancers: Oral cancer Esophageal cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Limit your alcohol to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or none at all.
Your provider can help you assess your risk for cancer and steps you can take. Visit your provider for a physical exam. That way you stay on top of what cancer screenings you should have. Screening can help to detect cancer early and improve your chance of recovery. Some infections can also cause cancer. Talk with your provider about whether you should have these vaccinations: Human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, vulvar, anus, and throat. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver cancer.
Call your provider if: You have questions or concerns about your cancer risk and what you can do You are due for a cancer screening test.
Lifestyle modification - cancer.
Bevers TB, Brown PH, Maresso KC, Hawk ET. Cancer prevention, screening, and early detection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - dealing with pain. The pain from cancer can have a few different causes: The cancer. When a tumor grows it can press on nerves, bones, organs, or the spinal cord, causing pain. Medical tests. Some medical tests, such as a biopsy or bone marrow test, can cause pain. Treatment. Many types of cancer treatments can cause pain, including chemotherapy , radiation , and surgery. Everyone's pain is different. Your pain can range from mild to severe and may last for only a short time or continue for a long time.
Many people with cancer do not get enough treatment for their pain. This may be because they do not want to take pain medicine, or they do not think it will help. But treating your pain is part of treating your cancer. You should get treatment for pain just as you would for any other side effect. Managing pain can also help you feel better overall. Treatment can help you: Sleep better Be more active Want to eat Feel less stress and depression Improve your sex life.
Some people are afraid to take pain medicines because they think they will become addicted. Over time, your body may develop a tolerance for pain medicine. This means that you may need more of it to treat your pain. This is normal and can happen with other medicines as well. It does not mean you are addicted. As long as you are taking the medicine as prescribed by your doctor, you have little chance of becoming addicted.
To make sure you get the right treatment for your pain, it is important to be as honest as possible with your provider. You will want to tell your provider: What your pain feels like (aching, dull, throbbing, constant, or sharp) Where you feel the pain How long the pain lasts How strong it is If there is a time of day it feels better or worse If there is anything else that makes it feel better or worse If your pain keeps you from doing any activities Your provider may ask you to rate your pain using a scale or a chart. It may be helpful to keep a pain diary to help track your pain. You can also keep track of when you take medicine for your pain and how much it helps. This will help your provider know how well the medicine is working.
There are three main types of medicines for cancer pain. Your provider will work with you to find a medicine that works best for you with the least amount of side effects. In general, you will start with the least amount of medicine with the fewest side effects that relieves your pain. If one medicine does not work, your provider may suggest another. It may take a little time to find the right medicine and the right dose that is right for you. Non-opioid pain relievers. These medicines include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Aleve). They are best to treat mild to moderate pain. You can buy most of these medicines over the counter. Opioids or narcotics. These are stronger medicines that are used to treat moderate to severe pain. You need to have a prescription to take them. Some common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone. You may take these medicines in addition to other pain relievers. Other types of medicines. Your provider may prescribe other medicines to help with your pain. These can include anticonvulsants or antidepressants for nerve pain or steroids to treat pain from swelling.
It is important to take your pain medicine exactly as your provider tells you to. Here are some tips to get the most out of your pain medicine: Tell your provider about all other medicines you are taking. Some pain medicines can interact with other medicines. DO NOT skip doses or try to go longer between doses. Pain is easiest to treat when you treat it early. DO NOT wait until pain is severe before taking your medicine. This may make your pain harder to treat and cause you to need larger doses. DO NOT stop taking the medicine on your own. Tell your provider if you have side effects or other issues. Your provider can help you find ways to deal with side effects or other problems. If the side effects are too severe, you may need to try another medicine. Tell your provider if the medicine is not working. They may increase your dose, have you take it more often, or try another medicine.
In some cases, your provider may suggest another type of treatment for your cancer pain. Some options include: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a mild electrical current that can help ease pain. You place it on the part of your body where you feel pain. Nerve block. This is a special type of pain medicine injected around or into a nerve to ease pain. Radiofrequency ablation. Radio waves heat up regions of nerve tissue to help ease pain. Radiation therapy. This treatment can shrink a tumor that is causing pain. Chemotherapy. These medicines can also shrink a tumor to reduce pain. Surgery. Your provider may use surgery to remove a tumor that is causing pain. In some cases, a type of brain surgery can cut the nerves that carry pain messages to your brain. Complementary or alternative treatments. You may also choose to try treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, meditation, or biofeedback to help treat your pain. In most cases, people use these methods in addition to medicines or other types of pain relief.
Palliative - cancer pain.
Byker GL, Leskuski D. Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - early menopause. Cancer treatments that can cause early menopause include: Surgery. Having both ovaries removed causes menopause to happen right away. If you are age 50 or younger, your provider may try to leave an ovary or part of an ovary if possible. This can keep you from having early menopause. Chemotherapy (chemo). Some types of chemo can damage your ovaries and cause early menopause. You may have menopause right away or months after treatment. Your risk of early menopause from chemo depends on the type and amount of chemo drug you have. The younger you are, the less likely you will have early menopause from chemo. Radiation. Getting radiation in your pelvic area can also damage your ovaries. In some cases, your ovaries may heal and start working again. But, if you get large doses of radiation, the damage may be permanent. Hormone therapy. These treatments used to treat breast and uterine cancers can often cause early menopause. Ask your provider if your cancer treatment may cause early menopause.
When your ovaries are removed or stop working, they no longer make estrogen. This causes the same symptoms as natural menopause. Vaginal dryness or tightness Hot flashes Mood changes Lower sex drive Problems sleeping In some cases, these symptoms may come on strong and can be severe. Less estrogen in your body also increases your risk for certain health conditions, such as: Heart disease Osteoporosis (thinning of bones).
Many treatments can help ease the symptoms of early menopause. They include medicines and lifestyle treatments you can do at home. Some medicines that may help include: Hormone therapy. In some cases, your provider may prescribe female hormones to help with hot flashes and other symptoms. But, there are some risks with hormones, and you may not be able to take them if you have had certain types of cancer. Vaginal estrogen. Even if you cannot take hormone therapy, you may be able to use small amounts of estrogen in or around your vagina to help with dryness. These hormones come in creams, gels, tablets, and rings. You need a prescription from your provider for these medicines. Antidepressants or other medicines. If you cannot take hormones, your provider may prescribe another type of medicine to help with hot flashes, such as certain antidepressants. Lubricants or moisturizers. These products can help make sex more comfortable if you have vaginal dryness. Look for a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide. Or, try using a vaginal moisturizer like Replens every few days. Medicines for bone loss. Some women take medicines to help reduce bone loss after menopause. Ask your provider if this type of medicine may be right for you. Treatments you can try at home include: Staying active. Getting regular exercise can help with mood swings, sleep problems, and mild hot flashes. Healthy sleep habits. Getting enough sleep may help ease mood swings. But, if you are having trouble sleeping at night, try skipping naps during the day. You should also avoid caffeine late in the day, and do not have large meals or do anything too active right before bedtime. Dressing in layers. This can help with hot flashes, since you can remove layers when you feel hot. It can also help to dress in loose, cotton clothing. Ask your provider what treatments might work best for you.
Since early menopause can affect your bone and heart health, it's important to take steps to keep them healthy. Here is how: Eat healthy foods. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, nuts, beans, and low-fat dairy products. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients help build bones. Foods rich in calcium include fat-free yogurt and milk, spinach, and white beans. Your body makes most of its vitamin D from the sun, but you can also get it from salmon, eggs, and milk that has vitamin D added. Ask your provider if you need to take supplements. Get exercise. The best kinds of exercise for your bones are weight-bearing exercises that work your body against gravity. Some ideas include walking, yoga, hiking, dancing, lifting weights, gardening, and tennis. DO NOT smoke. Smoking raises your risk for both osteoporosis and heart disease. If you need help quitting, ask your provider. Ask about a bone density test. This is a test that checks for osteoporosis. Most women have this test after age 65, but you may need one earlier if you have early menopause. Keep track of your numbers. Make sure your provider checks your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels regularly. These simple tests can help tell you if you are at risk for heart disease or stroke.
Premature menopause; Ovarian insufficiency - cancer.
American Cancer Society. Premature menopause. Cancer.org Web site. Updated August 29, 2013. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinwomen/sexualityforthewoman/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer-early-menopause. Accessed January 20, 2017. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment - preventing infection. As part of your immune system, your white blood cells help fight infection. White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. Some types of cancer, such as leukemia, and some treatments including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy affect your bone marrow and immune system. This makes it harder for your body to make new white blood cells and increases your infection risk. Your health care provider will check your white blood cell count during your treatment. When levels of certain white blood cells drop too low, it is called neutropenia. Often this is a short-lived side effect of cancer treatment. Your provider may give you medicines to help prevent infection if this occurs. But, you should also take some precautions. Other risk factors for infection in people with cancer, include: Catheters Medical conditions such as diabetes or COPD Recent surgery Malnutrition.
There are many things you can do to help prevent infection. Here are some tips: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is very important after using the bathroom, before eating or cooking, after touching animals, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash. Take care of your mouth. Brush your teeth often with a soft toothbrush and use a mouth rinse that does not contain alcohol. Stay away from sick people. It is easy to catch a cold, the flu, chicken pox, or other infection from someone who has it. You should also avoid anyone who has had a live vaccine. Clean yourself carefully after bowel movements. Use baby wipes or water instead of toilet paper and let your provider know if you have any bleeding or hemorrhoids. Make sure your food and drinks are safe. DO NOT eat fish, eggs, or meat that is raw or undercooked. And DO NOT eat anything that is spoiled or past the freshness date. Ask someone else to clean up after pets. DO NOT pick up pet waste or clean fish tanks or birdcages. Carry sanitizing wipes. Use them before touching public surfaces such as doorknobs, ATM machines, and railings. Guard against cuts. Use an electric razor to avoid nicking yourself while shaving and do not tear at nail cuticles. Also be careful when using knives, needles, and scissors. If you do get a cut, clean it right away with soap, warm water, and an antiseptic. Clean your cut this way every day until it forms a scab. Use gloves when gardening. There are often bacteria in soil. Stay away from crowds. Plan your outings and errands for times that are less crowded. Wear a mask when you have to be around lots of people. Be gentle with your skin. Use a towel to gently pat dry your skin after a shower or bath, and use lotion to keep it soft. DO NOT pick at pimples or other spots on your skin. Ask about getting a flu shot. DO NOT get any vaccines without first talking to your provider. You should NOT receive any vaccines that contain a live virus. Skip the nail salon and care for your nails at home. Make sure you use tools that have been cleaned well.
It is important to know the symptoms of an infection so you can call your provider right away. They include: A fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher Chills or sweats Redness or swelling anywhere on your body Cough Earache Headache, stiff neck Sore throat Sores in your mouth or on your tongue Rash Bloody or cloudy urine Pain or burning with urination Nasal congestion, sinus pressure or pain Vomiting or diarrhea Pain in your stomach or rectum DO NOT take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or any medicine that may reduce a fever without first talking with your provider.
During or right after cancer treatment, call your provider right away if you have any of the signs of infection mentioned above. Getting an infection during cancer treatment is an emergency. If you go to an emergency room, tell the staff right away that you have cancer. You shouldn't sit in the waiting room a long time because you may catch an infection.
Chemotherapy - preventing infection; Radiation - preventing infection; Bone marrow transplant - preventing infection; Cancer treatment - immunosuppression.
American Cancer Society. Infections in people with cancer. Cancer.org Web site. Updated February 25, 2015. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/infections/infections-in-people-with-cancer.html. Accessed January 20, 2017. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats. People who are treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer are likely to have hot flashes and night sweats during or after treatment. In women, some cancer treatments can cause them to go into early menopause. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms of menopause. These treatments include some types of: Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone treatment Surgery to remove your ovaries In men, surgery to remove one or both testicles or treatment with certain hormones can cause these symptoms. Hot flashes and night sweats also may be caused by some medicines: Aromatase inhibitors. Used as hormone therapy for some women with certain types of breast cancer. Opioids. Strong pain relievers given to some people with cancer. Tamoxifen. A drug used to treat breast cancer in both women and men. It is also used to prevent cancer in some women. Tricyclic antidepressants. A type of antidepressant drug. Steroids. Used to reduce swelling. They also may be used to treat some cancers.
There are a few kinds of medicines that can help ease hot flashes and night sweats. But they also may cause side effects or have certain risks. Talk with your health care provider about your options. If one medicine does not work for you, your provider may try another. Hormone therapy (HT). HT works well to reduce symptoms. But women need to use caution with HT. Also, women who have had breast cancer should not take estrogen. Men can use estrogen or progesterone to treat these symptoms after treatment for prostate cancer. Antidepressants. Clonidine (a type of blood pressure medicine). Anticonvulsants.
Some other types of treatments may help with hot flashes and night sweats. Relaxation techniques or stress reduction. Learning how to decrease stress and anxiety may help relieve hot flashes in some people. Hypnosis. During hypnosis, a therapist can help you relax and focus on feeling cool. Hypnosis also may help you lower your heart rate, lessen stress, and balance your body temperature, which can help reduce hot flashes. Acupuncture. Although some studies have found that acupuncture can help with hot flashes, others have not found a benefit. If you are interested in acupuncture, ask your provider if it might be an option for you.
You can also try some simple things at home to help relieve night sweats. Open windows and keep fans running to get air moving through your home. Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Try breathing deeply and slowly to help reduce symptoms.
American Cancer Society website. Premature menopause. www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Kadakia KC, Loprinzi CL. Hot flashes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women. Many cancer treatments can cause sexual side effects. But you are more likely to have these side effects if you are being treated for one of these types of cancer: Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Breast cancer Bladder cancer.
For women, the most common sexual side effects include: Loss of desire Pain during sex Other side effects can include: Not being able to have an orgasm Numbness or pain in the genitals Problems with fertility Many people also have emotional side effects after cancer treatment, such as feeling depressed or bad about your body. These side effects can also affect your sex life. You may not feel like having sex or may not want your partner to touch your body.
Different types of cancer treatment can affect your sexuality and fertility in different ways. Surgery for cancer: Pelvic surgery can cause pain and problems having sex or getting pregnant. Some women who have surgery to remove all or part of a breast find they have less interest in sex. The type of side effect you have depends on which part of the body where you have the surgery and how much tissue is removed. Chemotherapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Pain with sex and problems having an orgasm Vaginal dryness and shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls due to lower estrogen. Problems with fertility Radiation therapy can cause: Loss of sexual desire Changes in the lining of your vagina. This can cause pain and problems with fertility. Hormone therapy for breast cancer can cause: Loss of sexual desire Vaginal pain or dryness Trouble having an orgasm.
One of the most important things you can do is to talk with your doctor about sexual side effects before your treatment. Ask what types of possible side effects to expect and how long they will last. This way, you will know what to expect. You should also talk about these changes with your partner. If your treatment can cause fertility problems, you may want to see a fertility doctor before your treatment to discuss your options if you want to have children. These options may include freezing your eggs or ovarian tissue.
Although many women continue to have sex during cancer treatment, you may find you are not interested in sex. Both of these responses are normal. If you do want to have sex, make sure to ask your doctor if it is OK. Also ask about using birth control. In many cases, it is not safe to get pregnant during cancer treatment.
Sex may feel different for you after your treatment, but there are ways to help cope. Focus on the positive. Feeling bad about your body can affect your sex life. Look for little ways to give yourself a lift, such as a new hairstyle, new makeup or a new outfit. Give yourself time. It can take months to heal after cancer treatment. Do not push yourself to have sex just because you think you should. Once you are ready, remember that it may take longer for you to feel aroused. You also may need to use a lubricant. Keep an open mind. There is not just one way to have sex. Try to stay open to all ways of being intimate. Experiment with new ways of touching. You may find that what feels good after treatment is not the same as what felt good before treatment. See your doctor. If you are having pain with sex, tell your doctor. You may be recommended creams, lubricants, or other treatments. Talk with your partner. This is very important. Try to be open about your feelings. Be honest about what would make you feel good. And try to listen to your partner's concerns or desires with an open mind. Share your feelings. It is normal to feel anger or grief after cancer treatment. Do not hold it in. Talk with close friends and family. It can also help to talk with a counselor if you cannot shake feelings of loss and grief.
Radiotherapy - fertility; Radiation - fertility; Chemotherapy - fertility; Sexual dysfunction - cancer treatment.
American Cancer Society website. Fertility and women with cancer. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/fertility-and-women-with-cancer.html. Updated November 6, 2016. Accessed August 22, 2018. American Cancer Society website. Questions women have about cancer, sex, and getting professional help. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/faqs.html. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed August 22, 2018. Beaupin LK, O'Connor T, Trump DL. Reproductive complications.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer treatments. American Cancer Society website. Treatments and side effects. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. Accessed December 15, 2017. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer. Cancer grows out of cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when they are damaged or the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell becomes changed. This results in cells growing out of control. Cells divide too quickly and do not die in a normal way. There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many risk factors for cancer, including: Benzene and other chemicals Drinking too much alcohol Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of mold that can grow on peanut plants and produce a toxin called aflatoxin Genetic problems Obesity Radiation exposure Too much sunlight exposure Viruses The cause of many cancers remains unknown. The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. In US men, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Prostate cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer In US women, other than skin cancer the three most common cancers are: Breast cancer Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of stomach cancer. But in the United States, this type of cancer is less common. Differences in diet or environmental factors may play a role. Some other types of cancer include: Brain cancer Cervical cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney cancer Leukemia Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Uterine cancer.
Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing , shortness of breath , or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea , constipation , and blood in the stool. Some cancers may not have any symptoms. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage. The following symptoms may occur with cancer: Chills Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Malaise Night sweats Pain Weight loss.
Like symptoms, the signs of cancer vary based on the type and location of the tumor. Common tests include the following: Biopsy of the tumor Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers) Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia) Chest x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan Liver function tests MRI scan PET scan Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy may be a simple procedure or a serious operation. Most people with cancer have CT scans to determine the exact location and size of the tumor or tumors. A cancer diagnosis is often difficult to cope with. It is important that you discuss the type, size, and location of the cancer with your health care provider when you are diagnosed. You also will want to ask about treatment options, along with the benefits and risks. It's a good idea to have someone with you at the provider's office to help you get through the diagnosis. If you have trouble asking questions after hearing about your diagnosis, the person you bring with you can ask them for you.
Treatment varies, based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. If the cancer is in one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers , as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon. If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed. If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment may include radiation , chemotherapy , immunotheraphy , targeted cancer therapies , or other types of treatment. Some cancers require a combination of treatments. Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and other nonsurgical therapies are often used. Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength. If you have radiation treatment: Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday. You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes. You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy. Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated. Some side effects of radiation treatment are temporary. They vary, depending on the area of the body that is being treated. If you have chemotherapy: Eat right. Get plenty of rest, and don't feel like you have to accomplish tasks all at once. Avoid people with colds or the flu. Chemotherapy can cause your immune system to weaken. Talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire life. There are many resources for cancer patients.
The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some people can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
Complications depend on the type and stage of cancer. The cancer may spread.
Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by: Eating healthy foods Exercising regularly Limiting alcohol Maintaining a healthy weight Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals Not smoking or chewing tobacco Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily Cancer screenings, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer, may help catch these cancers at their early stages when they are most treatable. Some people at high risk for developing certain cancers can take medicines to reduce their risk.
Carcinoma; Malignant tumor.
After chemotherapy - discharge.
Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Pancreatic. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer 1 HealingXTRA568,1538,1829,2726,3445,6149See Cancer programs.
Cancer 4 W1XTRA339,440,448,463,468,574,590,666,668,676,697,732,737,770,786See Cancer programs.
Cancer 4 W2XTRA854,866,1556,1662,1862,2127,2180,2182,2184,2452,2489,4445,5476,6064,6668See Cancer programs.
Cancer Additional Frequencies 1CAFL618,20,55.56,440,663,778,1050,1550,2180,3672See Cancer programs. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Adenocarcinoma EsophagealCAFL47,2182,2219,832,2084,2127,2160,2452,2876Malignant growths of glandular origins or with glandular traits (such as secretion). Use Blood Cleanser.
Throat
Cancer Adenocarcinoma EsophagealXTRA47,832,2084,2127,2160,2128,2219,2452,2876Malignant growths of glandular origins or with glandular traits (such as secretion). Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer All TumorsXTRA727,727.5,728,2008,2128Cancer is a broad term. It describes the disease that results when cellular changes cause the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.
Some types of cancer cause rapid cell growth, while others cause cells to grow and divide at a slower rate.
Certain forms of cancer result in visible growths called tumors, while others, such as leukemia, do not.
Most of the body's cells have specific functions and fixed lifespans. While it may sound like a bad thing, cell death is part of a natural and beneficial phenomenon called apoptosis.
A cell receives instructions to die so that the body can replace it with a newer cell that functions better. Cancerous cells lack the components that instruct them to stop dividing and to die.
As a result, they build up in the body, using oxygen and nutrients that would usually nourish other cells. Cancerous cells can form tumors, impair the immune system and cause other changes that prevent the body from functioning regularly.
Cancerous cells may appear in one area, then spread via the lymph nodes. These are clusters of immune cells located throughout the body.
Cancer AlwaysXTRA11162.11,11503.9Always include in your targeted Program.
Cancer AstrocytomaBIO857Common tumor of brain and central nervous system. Use Blood Cleanser. See Astrocytoma and Cancer Brain Tumor.
Cancer AstrocytomaCAFL857,9.19,8.25,7.69,2170,543,641,2127,880,690,666Common tumor of brain and central nervous system. Use Blood Cleanser. See Astrocytoma and Cancer Brain Tumor.
Brain
Cancer Basal Cell Skin CarcinomaXTRA760,2116,2280Malignant but rarely fatal. Affects kin of face, head, neck, and sometimes trunk. See Cancer Carcinoma Basal Cell Skin, EBV, Leukoplakia, Mouth Eruptions White Patches, Papilloma, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus.
Cancer Basic 1CAFL588.2,666,690,727,1250,2008,2127,2128Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 1XTRA20,50,64,72,95,96,120,125,128,130,222,227,240,282,304,333,523,768,786,383,413,414,421,430,442,444,1865,464,465,484,489,524,555,676,600,625,650,620,644,660,690,727.5,712,732,776,779,784,787,800,802,1550,854,875,792,880,886,901,943,957,965,1027,1032,1122,1127,1217,1227,1320,1352,1489,1551,1552,1722,1862,1988,2006,2008,2013,2048,2049,2050,2084,2098,2123,2126,2127.5,2132,2133,2180,2182,2184,2450,2452,2454,2489,2720,3040,3176,3524,5000,6000,6064,9999,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 2CAFL120,464,524,666,728,800,854,880,2008,2048,2084,2128,2184,2452,2720,3040,3176,5000,6064,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 2XTRA6.79,55.56,95,440,644,660,663,690,727.5,778,901,1050,1352,2008,2098,2127.5,2180,2182,2184,2720,3000,3672,10000,10022,10025,10026,10027,11162,11503.9,19611.45Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 3XTRA588.2,666,690,727,1250,2008,2127,2128,11162.11,588.2,666,690,727,1250,2008,2127,2128,11162.11,11503.9Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 4XTRA120,464,524,666,728,784,800,854,880,2008,2048,2084,2128,2148,2452,2720,3040,3176,5000,6064,10000,11162.11,11503.9Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 5XTRA657.03,776.03,1935.99,8008.06,8485.01,9149.05,10646.03,10975.01,11162.11,11250,11289.05,11503.9,11659.62,11710.03,11812.52,11875,12031.25,12531.25,13031.25,16634.43,16910.68,21238.97,21726.04Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 6XTRA20,120,333,464,524,666,676,683,690,728,766,776,784,800,854,880,1489,1552,1604,2008,2048,2084,2127,2128,2182,2189,2452,2720,2790,2876,2950,3040,3176,3713,5000,6064,6766,10000,10025,11162.11,11430,11503.9,11780,17034,21275Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 7XTRA6.79,55.56,440,663,778,1050,1550,2180,3672,11162.11,11503.9Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 8XTRA663,727,778,787,880,1050,1550,2008,2050,2127,11162.11,11503.9,20507.81Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic 9XTRA663,727,778,787,802,880,1050,1550,2008,2050,2127,3022,5122,11162.11,11503.9Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Basic programCAFL120,464,524,666,728,784,800,854,880,2008,2084,2184,2452,2720,3040,3176,5000,6064,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BladderCAFL329,635,847,9889Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Bladder :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer BladderETDF80,5750,7250,50000,97500,210500,434370,655200,750000,927100Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Bladder :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer BladderKHZ80,5750,7250,50000,97500,210500,524370,655200,750000,927100Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Bladder :
Cancer Bladder. Can be caused by Schistosoma helminths, Bilharzia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Bladder 2XTRA1015.99,1076.82,1093.47,1236.71,1272.83,1286.84,1378.98,1248.53,1577.75,1759.04,1778.38,1863.21,11031.25,13671.87Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Bladder 3XTRA329,1035.49,1087.17,1089.25,1238.74,1257.39,1261.5,1272.83,1350.21,1431.24,1564.68,1734.8,1799.56,1910.33,9889,11031.25,13671.87Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Bladder 4XTRA1013.25,1076.82,1228.66,1277.15,1288.03,1331.18,1373.96,1423.15,1564.68,1622.97,1742.8,1782.57,11031.25,13671.87Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Bladder TBCXTRA360,642,724,726,771Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder TBC, Cancer Urethral, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BoneETDF570,830,2850,32500,97500,322530,434420,566410,835960,978850Neoplasms. Can be benign or malignant.
Cancer BoneKHZ570,830,2850,32500,97500,322530,436420,566410,835960,978850Neoplasms. Can be benign or malignant.
Cancer BoneXTRA2008,2125,2128,2131,2140,2145,3524,3672,3713,6130,6601,6672Neoplasms. Can be benign or malignant.
Cancer Brain TumorETDF40,20,30,5030,119340,350000,434330,691270,759830,927100See Astrocytoma and Cancer Astrocytoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Brain TumorKHZ10,20,30,5030,119340,350000,512330,691270,759830,927100See Astrocytoma and Cancer Astrocytoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BreastKHZ20,460,5120,27500,85000,95750,150000,525710,682450,753070Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 1CAFL120,166,666,676,732,802,866,1550,2008,2100,2104,2112,2116,2120,2127,2128,2152,2182,2184,2187,2189,2191,2876,2950,3072Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 2CAFL28,96,317,422,477,690,728,808,942,1234,1552,1830,1862,2084,2112,2136,2145,2160,2720,3040,3176,4412Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 3CAFL48,72,444,1865,2008,2063,2103,2128,2133,2146,2162,2173,2180,2189,2208,2263,2289,2333,2672Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 4CAFL127,304,478,656,982,1582,2120,2134,9000,9999Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 4XTRA28,96,317,422,477,690,728,808,942,1234,1552,1830,1862,2048,2112,2136,2145,2160,2720,3040,3176,4412Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 5CAFL33,1131,2128Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Breast 5XTRA64,95,96,240,317,422,524,664,808,854,942,943,1234,1552,1830,1862,2048,2050,2125,2136,2145,2160,2189,2450,2452,2876,3040,3176,4412,5000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BronchialBIO462,852,1582Use Blood Cleanser. See Cancer Carcinoma Bronchial, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Lung
Cancer BXXTRA1607450Virus causing carcinomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BX Carcinoma Virus 1XTRA10025,10026,10027,55,127,462,590,660,690,7275,787,852,856,880,1582,1755,2008,2120,2127.5,2008Virus causing carcinomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BX Carcinoma Virus 2XTRA2008,2005Virus causing carcinomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BX Carcinoma Virus 3XTRA2127,2008,880,787,727,690,666Most importantly, these cancers have readily identifiable targets for diagnosis, prevention and therapy. Vaccination programmes against two human tumour viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), have already begun to alter age-old cancer patterns on an international scale3-5.
Cancer BX Carcinoma Virus 4XTRA2127,2127.5,2128,2876,3713,10025,10026,10027,11503.9,12534.12Virus causing carcinomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BX VirusCAFL1603.9-1604.1,1604.1-1603.9,2008,2128,2789.9-2790.1,2790.1-2789.9,2875.9-2876.1,2876.1-2875.9,3713,11503Virus causing carcinomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BXBY 2XTRA3208500,1604250,1500000,750000From Paul Gruszka.
Cancer BY Sarcoma Virus 1XTRA1503.9,16634.43,12534.43,12534.12,21275,17934,11503.89,11503.89,11503.89,10025,3713,2876,2790,2128,2008,1604Virus causing sarcomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BY Sarcoma Virus 2XTRA263.11,334,1566.4,1675,2008,2127,2127.5,2128,2385,2521,2655,2663,2787.5,3324,5013,5013.5,5020,5278.3,5318.8,5388.5,5575,6687.3,7037.5,7356,8020,8368.2,8610,8836.89,10025,10026,10027Virus causing sarcomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BY Sarcoma Virus 3XTRA1604,2008Virus causing sarcomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer BY VirusXTRA1529520Virus causing sarcomas. Also use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Carcinoid Tumor GastrointestinalKHZ50,520,600,930,12690,125000,269710,425030,571000,839000Slow-growing and potentially malignant.
Cancer CarcinomaCAFL727,787,880,2008,2120,2127,7130Use Blood Cleanser. See EBV, Leukoplakia, Mouth Eruptions White Patches, Papilloma, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Various
Cancer Carcinoma 1XTRA1570,1820,2008,2128Epithelial cell cancer - begins in tissue lining inner or outer surfaces of the body.
Cancer Carcinoma 3XTRA303,690,728,2008,2104,2112,2120,2128,2136,2144,2152,2160,2168,2176,2184,2192,2200,2217,5000,9999Epithelial cell cancer - begins in tissue lining inner or outer surfaces of the body.
Cancer Carcinoma Basal Cell SkinCAFL2116,760,2280,2128,2876Malignant but rarely fatal. Affects skin of face, head, neck, and sometimes trunk. See Cancer Carcinoma Basal Cell Skin, EBV, Leukoplakia, Mouth Eruptions White Patches, Papilloma, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus.
Skin
Cancer Carcinoma Basal Cell Skin 1XTRA11276.06,11276.10,11276.11,11276.12,11276.23,11276.27Malignant but rarely fatal. Affects skin of face, head, neck, and sometimes trunk. See Cancer Carcinoma Basal Cell Skin, EBV, Leukoplakia, Mouth Eruptions White Patches, Papilloma, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus.
Cancer Carcinoma GeneralCAFL340,690,728,2008,2104,2112,2120,2128,2136,2144,2152,2160,2168,2176,2184,2192,2200,2217,5000,9999Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Cancer Carcinoma Liver 2XTRA143,238,275,334,433,477,574,676,752,763,767,779,869,876,1023.72,6641,6672,20562.06Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Cancer Carcinoma Liver FermentativeCAFL214Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Liver
Cancer Carcinoma Original CraneCAFL2127.5,21275John Crane, associate of Dr. Rife. Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Mouth
Cancer Carcinoma ScanCAFL728,690,2008,2104,2112,2120,2128,2136,2144,2152,2160,2168,2176,2184,2192,2200,2217,5000,9999,304Main low sub-harmonics of carcinoma. Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Mouth
Cancer Carcinoma Scan 2XTRA304,690,728,2008,2104,2112,2120,2128,2136,2144,2152,2160,2168,2176,2184,2192,2200,2217,5000,9999Main low sub-harmonics of carcinoma. Use Blood Cleanser. See BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Cancer Carcinoma Uterine FermentativeCAFL127Use Blood Cleanser. See EBV, Leukoplakia, Mouth eruptions white patches, papilloma, BX Virus, and Cancer BX Virus programs.
Uterus
Cancer Cell CytoskeletonXTRA2046875Experimental. Collapses the cytoskeletons of cancer cells (fundamental frequency 131MHz).
Cancer Cell Repair OctaveXTRA5877968.080734,2938984.040367,1469492.020183,734746.010092,367373.005046,183686.502523,91843.251261,45921.625631,22960.812815,11480.406408,5740.203204,2870.101602,1435.050801,717.5254,358.7627,179.38135Use sine. Octave sub-harmonics of 380nm light per Dr. Fritz-Albert Popp's biophoton research.
Cancer Cell Repair ScalarXTRA598209.060162,29783.075377,1482.81201,73.824863Experimental. Use sine. Scalar sub-harmonics of 380nm light per Dr. Fritz-Albert Popp's biophoton research.
Cancer CellsXTRA0.16-1.35,6.8,4400.16-1.34 Hz=inhibit murine malignant tumor growth, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and arrest angiogenesis.
Cancer Cells Conidium HeadCAFL728Caused by fungal spores. Use Blood Cleanser. Other uses: multiple melanoma, chronic lower back pain, environmental balancing.
Cancer CervicalETDF400,780,5290,7500,37000,95500,185000,434000,792000,985670Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix Ń the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer.
Uterus
Cancer CervicalKHZ10,400,780,5290,7500,37000,95500,185000,792000,985670Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer.
When exposed to HPV, a woman's immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. In a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years, contributing to the process that causes some cells on the surface of the cervix to become cancer cells.
You can reduce your risk of developing cervical cancer by having screening tests and receiving a vaccine that protects against HPV infection.
Cervical cancer care at Mayo Clinic
Symptoms
Female reproductive organs
Female reproductive system
Early-stage cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include:
Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause
Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor
Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
Uterus
Cancer Cervical 1XTRA466,907,2288,2944Cervical Cancer: Symptoms and Signs
Blood spots or light bleeding between or following periods.
Menstrual bleeding that is longer and heavier than usual.
Bleeding after intercourse, douching, or a pelvic examination.
Increased vaginal discharge.
Pain during sexual intercourse.
Bleeding after menopause.
Unexplained, persistent pelvic and/or back pain.
Cancer Cervical 2XTRA16816.25,16813.5,16970,9609,9258,5657,1051,1011,907,874,767,489,466,404,265,110,45,10000,5000,3176,2489,186,372,427,446,465,484,503,522,541,560,579,598,617,636,655,674,693,712,731,750,769,788,807,826,845,864,883,902,921,940,959,978,997,1016,1035,1054,1073,1488,1550,1568,1644,1865,1909,2976,5310,5952The most common symptoms of cervical cancer are:
bleeding between periods.
bleeding after sexual intercourse.
bleeding in post-menopausal women.
discomfort during sexual intercourse.
vaginal discharge with a strong odor.
vaginal discharge tinged with blood.
pelvic pain.
Cancer ColonBIO656Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). The colon is the final part of the digestive tract.
Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. It usually begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inside of the colon. Over time some of these polyps can become colon cancers.
Polyps may be small and produce few, if any, symptoms. For this reason, doctors recommend regular screening tests to help prevent colon cancer by identifying and removing polyps before they turn into cancer.
If colon cancer develops, many treatments are available to help control it, including surgery, radiation therapy and drug treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Colon cancer is sometimes called colorectal cancer, which is a term that combines colon cancer and rectal cancer, which begins in the rectum.
Cancer ComprehensiveETDF2750,5030,15610,17500,350000,37000,95500,434390,739100,905310ETDFL Focus on Leukemia, Lymphoma, Brain, Sarcomas, Blood, Bone Cancer
Cancer Digestive SystemETDF30,2120,930,2500,15690,115900,434500,540000,670000,790000Gastro-Intestinal (GI) cancer is a term for the group of cancers that affect the digestive system. This includes cancers of the oesophagus, gallbladder & biliary tract, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, bowel (large intestine or colon and rectum), and anus. GI cancer is the most common form of cancer.
Cancer Digestive SystemKHZ30,180,930,2500,15690,115900,411500,540000,670000,790000The digestive or gastrointestinal (G.I.) system is made up of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These organs work together to break down the food you eat into nutrients that are absorbed by the bloodstream and carried to all of the cells in your body. This is what gives your body the vital fuel it needs to function.
Facts about Digestive Cancers
Colorectal cancer is the #3 diagnosed cancer in the US and the #2 cause of cancer related death in men and women. Many digestive cancers are found in later stages, but colorectal cancer can be found and treated in earlier stages or even prevented due to screening exams.
The American Cancer Society reports that even though colorectal cancer is found more often in people ages 50 and older, its on the rise in people under age 50. A study from 1974-2013 found a 1% increase per year in the colon cancer incidence of people 20-49; and an increase per year in the new cases of rectal cancer in adults 20-39 (3%) and 40-54 (2%).
The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network reports that pancreatic cancer is expected to be the second cause of cancer-related death by 2020.
According to the Esophageal Cancer Action Network, Esophageal cancer caused by long-time GERD (adenocarcinoma) is one of the fastest growing cancers in the US.
The CDC reports that liver cancer is increasing approximately 2.3% per year and the death rate is growing rapidly at 3% per year. The cause of this increase is credited mostly to an increase in the cases of Hepatitis C especially in the baby boomer generation.
Cancer DrogliomaCAFL853See Cancer Glioma, Astrocytoma and Cancer Brain Tumor. Use Blood Cleanser. Other use: Alternaria Tenuis.
Cancer EarKHZ80,120,850,85030,119340,350000,512330,691270,759830,927100Signs and Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Hearing loss, ringing in the ear, pain, or feeling of fullness in the ear (especially on one side only)
Ear infections that keep coming back.
Nasal blockage or stuffiness.
Nosebleeds.
Headaches.
Facial pain or numbness.
Trouble opening the mouth.
Blurred or double vision.
Cancer Endocrine GlandETDF140,460,750,850,96500,355720,434150,571000,839000,932000Includes pineal, pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, and adrenals. Also see appropriate gland programs, and use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Endocrine GlandKHZ140,460,750,850,96500,355720,425150,571000,839000,932000Includes pineal, pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, and adrenals. Also see appropriate gland program, and use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer EndometriumETDF70,2120,5690,20000,93500,175750,434500,527000,667000,873290Lining of womb. See Cancer Cervical, and Cancer Carcinoma Uterine Fermentative. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer EndometriumKHZ70,180,5690,20000,93500,175750,477500,527000,667000,873290Lining of womb. See Cancer Cervical, and Cancer Carcinoma Uterine Fermentative. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer EsophagealETDF50,520,600,930,12690,125000,260710,434030,301000,812200Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Esophageal :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer EsophagealKHZ50,520,600,930,12690,125000,260710,418030,301000,812200Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Esophageal :
Cancer Esophageal. May be caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Ewings PNETETDF240,700,2750,17500,57500,92500,434060,567700,640000,980000One of Ewing family of tumors not generally associated with bones.
Cancer Experimental AdditionalXTRA6.79,55.56,66.5,440,663,778,1050,1550,2180,3672Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Experimental Additional FrequenciesCAFL55.56,6.8,440,778,1050,1550,2180,663,3672Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Extracranial TumorETDF140,750,2500,65000,87300,236420,434000,561930,714820,978050Germ cell. Class of tumors originating from gonadal germ cells. Sites: cranium, mouth, neck, mediastinum, pelvis, ovary, testis.
Cancer Extrahepatic Bile DuctETDF40,370,830,2500,70000,95030,175000,269710,434720,755000Type of liver cancer.
Cancer Extrahepatic Bile DuctKHZ10,370,830,2500,70000,95030,175000,269710,355720,755000Type of liver cancer. Other use: bronchitis.
Cancer Eye CancerETDF60,230,730,32500,90000,175000,434510,653690,753070,922530Uveal or Intraocular Melanoma. Arises from eye colour pigments.
Cancer Eye Cancer Intraocular MelanomaKHZ60,230,730,32500,90000,175000,344510,653690,753070,922530Also called Uveal Melanoma. Arises from eye colour pigments.
Cancer Fibrous Tumor SecondaryCAFL1340Originates in fibrous tissues of bone.
Cancer Fundamental (BX)XTRA12832000Fundamental cancer frequency discovered by Royal Rife. Verified by The British Rife Research Group.
Cancer GallbladderETDF80,850,2500,43000,97230,175000,388000,791000,853000,972100Use Blood Cleanser. Other use: anoxia.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Gallbladder :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer GallbladderETDF80,850,2500,43000,97230,175000,434000,791000,853000,972100Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Gallbladder :
Cancer Gallbladder. Can be caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer GeneralETDF434000Run continuously for 2-3 hours.
Cancer GeneralXTRA93046-93194,128438-128522,136118-136202,2857425-2857575,2944925-2945075From Dr. Richard Loyd. Includes BX, BY, and tumor reduction frequencies.
Cancer General 1CAFL10000,5000,3176,2720,2489,2189,2184,2128,2084,2050,2008,880,854,800,784,728,666,524,464,333,304,120Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General 2CAFL10000,3176,3176,3040,2720,2489,2182,2127,2048,2008,1862,1552,880,802,786,727,665,664,465,304,125,96,72,64,20Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General 3CAFL10000,3176,2720,2489,2180,2128,2049,2008,1865,943,886,866,776,732,728,690,676,650,523,442,414,304,240,128Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General program 1CAFL120,304,464,524,666,728,800,854,880,2008,2050,2084,2128,2184,2489,2720,3176,5000,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General program 2CAFL20,72,96,304,465,664,665,727,786,802,880,1552,1862,2008,2048,2127,2182,2489,2720,3040,3176,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General program 3CAFL128,240,304,414,442,523,650,676,690,728,732,776,866,943,1865,2008,2049,2128,2180,2489,2720,3176,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer General ScanETDF421390,422810,424000,424250,427000,428000,429550,434000,434820,434110Main cancer higher sub-harmonics. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Genital FemaleETDF30,460,27500,17500,40000,85160,95000,150000,210500,434170Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Genital MaleETDF40,550,780,50000,97500,229320,434370,519680,684810,712000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Genital Neoplasms FemaleKHZ30,460,27500,17500,40000,85160,95000,150000,210500,451170Abnormal growths or tumors. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Genital Neoplasms MaleKHZ10,550,780,50000,97500,229320,454370,519680,684810,712000Abnormal growths or tumors. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Germ CellETDF160,550,850,7500,20000,47500,95310,210500,434950,527000Class of tumors originating from gonadal germ cells. Sites: cranium, mouth, neck, mediastinum, pelvis, ovary, testis.
Cancer Germ Cell Tumor ExtragonadalETDF160,550,850,7500,20000,47500,95310,210500,475950,527000Class of tumors originating from gonadal germ cells. Sites: cranium, mouth, neck, mediastinum, pelvis, ovary, testis. Other use: dentigerous cyst.
Cancer Gestational Trophoblastic TumorETDF250,780,930,10890,7500,95900,322530,415700,562910,742060Pregnancy-related tumor. Other use: Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder.
Cancer Gestational TumorETDF250,780,930,10890,7500,95900,322530,434700,562910,742060Pregnancy-related tumor.
Cancer GlioblastomaCAFL720,2008,2128,2180,2182,728,832,800,664,20,855,543,641,857Tyoe of brain/brain stem tumor. Use Blood Cleanser.
Brain
Cancer Glioblastoma TremorCAFL463,466,470Tremor due to brain/brain-stem tumor. Use Blood Cleanser.
Brain
Cancer GliomasBIO543,641Largest group of brain cancers. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer GliomasCAFL543,641,857Largest group of brain cancers. Use Blood Cleanser.
Brain
Cancer Hairy CellBIO122,622,932,5122,1522Typified by abnormal blood cells & shortage of others.
Cancer Hairy CellXTRA122,622,932,5122Typified by abnormal blood cells & shortage of others.
Cancer Head and NeckETDF100,520,7500,30000,225030,434150,527000,662710,749000,986220Head and neck cancer is a term used to define cancer that develops in the mouth, throat, nose, salivary glands, oral cancers or other areas of the head and neck. Most of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, or cancers that begin in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat.
Cancer Head and NeckKHZ100,520,7500,30000,225030,475150,527000,662710,749000,986220Head and neck cancer is a term used to define cancer that develops in the mouth, throat, nose, salivary glands, oral cancers or other areas of the head and neck. Most of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, or cancers that begin in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat.
Cancer Hodgkin's Disease 2XTRA263.11,334,552,1552,1566.4,1675,2008,2127,3285,2521,2655,2663,2787,3324,5013,5013.5,5000,5278.3,5388.5,5575,6687.3,7037.5,7356,8020,8368.2,8610,8836.89,10025,10026,10027Also called Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer of the lymphatic system that is both chronic and progressive.
Cancer HPV (Moles and Tumors)XTRA1603750From JW. Use sine wave. See Human Papilloma Virus, and Papilloma HPV.
Cancer HypopharyngealETDF110,1490,32570,102250,212500,434500,672500,735340,893500,930100Cancer of tissue area where larynx and esophagus meet.
Cancer Islet Cell CarcinomaETDF130,570,780,12270,68290,135250,272720,434530,733910,836420Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor. Most are benign.
Pancreas
Cancer Kaposi's SarcomaBIO249,418Usually cutaneous tumor caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Found in AIDS and immunosuppressed conditions.
Cancer Kaposi's SarcomaXTRA249,418,647Usually cutaneous tumor caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Found in AIDS and immunosuppressed conditions.
Cancer LarynxETDF30,870,2500,17500,35150,97500,434610,560000,840960,985900Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer LarynxKHZ30,870,2500,17500,35150,97500,293610,560000,840960,985900Laryngeal cancer occurs in the larynx, or voice box.
The larynx is a short, triangular passageway just below the pharynx in the neck. It is about 2 inches wide.
The larynx has three main parts:
the glottis is the middle part of the larynx that contains the vocal cords
the supraglottis is the tissue above the glottis
the subglottis is the tissue below the glottis that connects to the trachea, which takes air to the lungs
Cancer can develop in any part of the larynx but usually begins in the glottis. Most laryngeal cancers start in the flat, scale-like squamous cells that line the inner walls of the larynx.
Cancer LarynxXTRA327,524,731,1133Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer LeukemiaBIO424,830,901,918Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser. Other use: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV).
Cancer LeukemiaCAFL2127,2008,880,787,727,690,666,2217See Leucosis. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood
Cancer LeukemiaETDF70,120,600,800,2500,22500,72500,421390,739100,905310Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser. Also use for plasma cell neoplasms.
Cancer LeukemiaETDF70,120,600,800,2500,22500,72500,434390,739100,905310Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer LeukemiaXTRA197000From Dr. Anthony Holland. Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Leukemia 2XTRA6.79,14,15,422,428,440,450,465,590,666,690,727,787,822,880,1850,2008,2030,2127,10000Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Leukemia FelineCAFL258,332,414,424,544,830,901,918,997,741,743Cat. Begins in bone marrow, causing white blood cell abnormalities. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood
Cancer Leukemia Hairy CellCAFL122,622,932,5122,488,781Typified by abnormal blood cells and shortage of others. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood
Cancer Leukemia LymphaticCAFL478,833Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. It's a type of cancer that starts in cells that become certain white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in the bone marrow. The cancer (leukemia) cells start in the bone marrow but then go into the blood.
Blood
Cancer Leukemia T CellCAFL222,262,822,3042,3734Attacks the immune system's T Cells. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood
Cancer Lip and Oral CavityETDF80,570,15750,52500,62500,95000,250000,434370,682020,753070Cancer that develops in any part of the mouth.
Cancer LiverXTRA214,393,479,520,734,3130Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.
Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.
Cancer that spreads to the liver is more common than cancer that begins in the liver cells. Cancer that begins in another area of the body such as the colon, lung or breast and then spreads to the liver is called metastatic cancer rather than liver cancer. This type of cancer is named after the organ in which it began such as metastatic colon cancer to describe cancer that begins in the colon and spreads to the liver.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Liver :
Cancer Liver. Can be caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and by the helminth Schistosoma japonicum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Liver CancerETDF110,520,81300,135710,221500,434500,570510,691510,775480,971550Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen.
Cancer Liver CancerKHZ110,520,81300,135710,221500,337500,570510,691510,775480,971550Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.
Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.
Cancer that spreads to the liver is more common than cancer that begins in the liver cells. Cancer that begins in another area of the body such as the colon, lung or breast and then spreads to the liver is called metastatic cancer rather than liver cancer. This type of cancer is named after the organ in which it began such as metastatic colon cancer to describe cancer that begins in the colon and spreads to the liver.
Cancer Liver Carcinoma 1XTRA393,479,520,734,3130Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen.
Cancer Liver Carcinoma 2XTRA143,238,275,334,433,477,574,676,752,763,767,779,869,876,1023.72,6641,6672,20562Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen.
Cancer LungXTRA462,776,852,1582,2104,2144,2184,3672Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year than do colon, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers combined.
People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer, though lung cancer can also occur in people who have never smoked. The risk of lung cancer increases with the length of time and number of cigarettes you've smoked. If you quit smoking, even after smoking for many years, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing lung cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Lung :
Cancer Lung. Can be caused by the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae, with Human Papillomaviruses, and with Merkel cell Polyomavirus. Also from a bacterium called Pseudomonas Solanacearum.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Lung Non-Small CellKHZ50,410,620,15750,87500,325000,512330,655200,750000,927100Includes Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma.
Cancer Lung Small CellETDF50,410,620,15750,87500,434000,512330,655200,750000,927100More metastatically aggressive than other lung cancers. Also called Oat Cell Carcinoma.
Cancer Lymphogranuloma LymphomaCAFL552,1522Abnormal lymphatic growths due to Chlamydia Trachomatis, and use Blood Cleanser. Also use for Hodgkin's Disease.
Cancer Lymphogranuloma Lymphoma 2XTRA304,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,373,464,465,528,532,540,556,665,685,716,717,718,731,732,733,776,802,808,832,846,848,880,888,1402,1488,1489,1550,1577,1900,2950,8778Abnormal lymphatic growths due to Chlamydia Trachomatis, and use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Lymphogranuloma VenereumCAFL430,620,624,840,866,2213Abnormal lymphatic growths due to Chlamydia Trachomatis, and use Blood Cleanser. Other uses: proctitis, trachoma.
Anus Rectum
Cancer Lymphogranuloma Venereum SecondaryXTRA430,555.7,620,624,840,866,1111.4,2213,2222.8Abnormal lymphatic growths due to Chlamydia Trachomatis, and use Blood Cleanser. Other use: conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia Trachomatis.
Cancer LymphomaKHZ120,350,930,7500,17500,52500,70000,93500,215700,523010White blood cell tumors developing from lymphatic cells.
Cancer Lymphoma 1XTRA2116,2180,2182White blood cell tumors developing from lymphatic cells.
Cancer Lymphoma 2ETDF350,930,7500,17500,52500,70000,93500,215700,434000,523010White blood cell tumors developing from lymphatic cells.
Cancer Lymphoma B-CellKHZ120,410,930,2750,17500,35670,87500,93500,236420,519340White blood cell tumors developing from lymphatic B-Cells.
Cancer Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin'sETDF350,930,12330,25230,35680,87500,93500,233630,434000,51934090% of all Lymphomas are non-Hodgkin's.
Cancer Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin'sKHZ120,350,930,12330,25230,35680,87500,93500,233630,51934090% of all Lymphomas are non-Hodgkin's.
Cancer LymphosarcomaCAFL482Type of Lymphoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood Dogs
Cancer MaintenanceCAFL120,250,428,465,600,626,650,661,664,667,690,728,776,784,800,802,832,880,1489,1500,1600,1865,2000,2012,2100,2170,2490,2730Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Malignant MesotheliomaETDF40,490,780,7500,8000,15430,62500,325000,515700,655200Affects lungs and organ linings. Asbestos-related. Other use: fatty liver.
Cancer Malignant MesotheliomaETDF490,780,7500,8000,15430,62500,325000,434000,515700,655200Affects lungs and organ linings. Asbestos-related.
Cancer MelanomaETDF490,700,32800,102250,212750,321200,434000,545680,795610,857770Mostly affects skin, but can appear in mouth, intestines, or eyes. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer MelanomaETDF70,490,700,32800,102250,212750,321200,545680,795610,857770Mostly affects skin, but can appear in mouth, intestines, or eyes. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Melanoma 1CAFL100,1000,10000,666,728,1050,2050,2128,2008,2217,60,80,95,880,450,495,45,465,787,125,20,10,7.5Mostly affects skin, but can appear in mouth, intestines, or eyes. Use Blood Cleanser.
Skin
Cancer Melanoma 2XTRA7.5,10,20,45,60,80,95,100,110,125,450,465,466,495,666,728,787,802,880,907,979,1000,1050,1102,1552,2008,2050,2128,2217Mostly affects skin, but can appear in mouth, intestines, or eyes. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Melanoma MetastasisCAFL979Mostly affects skin, but can appear in mouth, intestines, or eyes. Use Blood Cleanser.
Skin
Cancer Merkel-CellETDF80,120,850,5160,22400,43100,87220,97500,355720,434500,515000Rare aggressive skin cancer due to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV).
Cancer Merkel-Cell CarcinomaETDF190,520,680,800,2500,5170,15000,42500,92500,325430Rare aggressive skin cancer due to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). Other use: Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome.
Cancer Metastasis (Organ) ComprehensiveETDF130,460,830,12690,93500,221500,434710,512330,667000,753070ETDFL Breast, lung, prostate, bowel/colon/rectal, Liver, Endometrial
Cancer MouthETDF570,15750,52500,62500,95000,250000,434000,524370,682020,753070Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Multiple MyelomaCAFL249,263,418,422,475,526,647,781,822,1488,2008,2107,2128,2145,2950,4213,4750,5122,11780,21275Plasma cell blood cancer arising in bone marrow. Use Blood Cleanser.
Blood
Cancer Multiple MyelomaETDF60,350,620,970,12500,27500,142500,434870,623010,815580Plasma cell blood cancer arising in bone marrow. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Multiple Myeloma 1XTRA249,263,418,422,475,526,647,728,781,822,1488,2008,2107,2128,2145,2950,4213,4750,5122,11780,21275Plasma cell blood cancer arising in bone marrow. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell NeoplasmsETDF60,350,620,970,12500,27500,142500,325870,623010,815580Plasma cell blood cancer arising in bone marrow. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Mycosis FungoidesBIO852Skin cancer resembling eczema. Use Blood Cleanser. Other uses: unconditional love, return to spiritual order.
Cancer Mycosis FungoidesETDF170,220,930,2750,27500,132500,255580,434850,724940,825870Skin cancer resembling eczema. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Myelodysplastic SyndromeETDF190,300,800,7500,27500,45580,96500,315700,419340,562960Bone marrow stem cell disorder causing blood production problems.
Cancer Myelodysplastic SyndromeETDF190,300,800,7500,27500,45580,96500,315700,434340,562960Bone marrow stem cell disorder causing blood production problems.
Cancer MyeloidBIO422,822Characterized by rapid growth of incompletely-formed white blood cells. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
Cancer Myeloproliferative DisordersETDF50,410,600,950,5780,30000,57500,97500,325870,675960Bone marrow diseases in which excess cells are produced.
Cancer Myeloproliferative DisordersETDF50,410,600,950,5780,30000,57500,97500,434870,675960Bone marrow diseases in which excess cells are produced.
Cancer NasopharyngealCAFL105,172,253,274,660,663,667,669,738,825,1013,1920,6618,8768Cancer of upper throat, nasal and auditory passages. See Epstein Barr Virus. Use Blood Cleanser. Other uses: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/CFS/ME, Mononucleosis.
Throat
Cancer NasopharyngealETDF70,320,620,850,5000,22500,60000,352930,422530,563190Cancer of upper throat, nasal and auditory passages. See Epstein Barr Virus. Use Blood Cleanser. Other use: Gilbert Disease.
Cancer NasopharyngealETDF70,320,620,850,5000,22500,60000,352930,434530,563190Cancer of upper throat, nasal and auditory passages. See Epstein Barr Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Nasopharyngeal 2XTRA105,172,253,274,465,660,663,667,669,727,738,744,776,778,787,825,880,929,52,941.92,1013,1032,1920,6618,8768,18670.15,18919.09See Epstein Barr Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Nervous System NeoplasmsETDF40,250,650,930,2500,7500,96500,334250,434870,527000Includes brain and nerve sheath tumors, arachnoid cysts, and optic nerve gliomas.
Cancer Nervous System NeoplasmsKHZ40,250,650,930,2500,7500,96500,334250,475870,527000Includes brain and nerve sheath tumors, arachnoid cysts, and optic nerve gliomas.
Cancer NeuroblastomaCAFL878,1757,2635,3513,4392,5270,6148Experimental. Mainly a childhood neuroendocrine cancer. Use Blood Cleanser.
Nerve
Cancer NeuroblastomaETDF40,180,780,2500,7500,55910,87500,96500,325870,523010Mainly a childhood neuroendocrine cancer. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer NeuroblastomaETDF40,2120,780,2500,7500,55910,87500,96500,434870,523010Mainly a childhood neuroendocrine cancer. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Non Hodgkins 1PROV574,588,666,778,1078,1120,1340,1744,3524,3713Use Cancer Melanoma, and Blood Cleanser. Also helps with blood cell production problems in Morgellons.
Lymph
Cancer Non Hodgkins 2PROV2008,2004,2012,2116,2128,3672,7760Use Cancer Melanoma, and Blood Cleanser. Also helps with blood cell production problems in Morgellons.
Cancer Not Killed by Freqs 2008 and 2128CAFL2180,2182,2184Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer OralETDF80,570,15750,52500,62500,95000,434000,524370,682020,753070Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer OralKHZ80,570,15750,52500,62500,95000,250000,524370,682020,753070Use Blood Cleanser. Also use for cancers of paranasal sinus, nasal cavity, salivary gland, and lip.
Cancer OropharyngealETDF100,830,10890,2500,52500,87500,95190,204350,434590,709680Middle throat - base of tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx. May be due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Oropharyngeal :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer OropharyngealKHZ100,830,10890,2500,52500,87500,95190,204350,512590,709680Middle throat - base of tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx. May be due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Oropharyngeal :
Cancer Oropharyngeal. Can be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer OsteosarcomaETDF140,300,830,7500,128000,202430,340000,450000,575370,719340Aggressive malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Other use: Osteochondritis.
Cancer OtorhinolaryngologicETDF50,410,900,7500,108200,217500,387500,434230,595470,701990Ear, nose, and throat cancers.
Cancer Otorhinolaryngologic NeoplasmsKHZ50,410,900,7500,108200,217500,387500,435230,595470,701990Ear, nose, and throat cancers.
Cancer OvarianETDF70,550,850,22500,47500,434030,527000,667000,752700,988900Starts in an ovary, producing abnormal invasive cells which spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Ovarian :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer OvarianKHZ70,550,850,22500,47500,475030,527000,667000,752700,988900Starts in an ovary, producing abnormal invasive cells which spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Ovarian :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer OvarianXTRA20,26,444,465,600,625,650,660,690,727.5,776,787,802,832,880,1500,1550,1600,1800,1865,2008,2127.5,2170,2489,2720Starts in an ovary, producing abnormal invasive cells which spread.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Ovarian :
Cancer Ovarian. Can be associated with Mumps virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer PainCAFL3000,95,2127,2008,727,690,666Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer PainXTRA95,660,690,727.5,2008,2127.5,2720,3000,10000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Pancreatic 1XTRA47,832,2084,2127,2160,2182,2219,2452,2876Also see Cancer Islet Cells Carcinoma and Cancer Pancreatic Exocrine and Islet Cell.
Cancer Pancreatic 2XTRA545,547,556,600,625,650,660,690,727.5,784,787,1560,2000,2008,2127.5,2184,2455,2489,2492Also see Cancer Islet Cells Carcinoma and Cancer Pancreatic Exocrine and Islet Cell.
Cancer Pancreatic Exocrine and Islet CellETDF60,500,47500,150000,219340,225150,210500,434500,515160,688290Also see Cancer Islet Cells Carcinoma and Cancer Pancreatic.
Cancer Pancreatic Exocrine and Islet CellKHZ60,500,47500,150000,219340,225150,210500,454500,515160,688290Also see Cancer Islet Cells Carcinoma and Cancer Pancreatic.
Cancer ParathyroidETDF30,520,480,2750,7500,55910,434370,519340,613690,706530Rare progression of parathyroid adenoma to Carcinoma.
Cancer ParathyroidKHZ30,520,480,2750,7500,55910,304370,519340,613690,706530Rare progression of parathyroid adenoma to Carcinoma.
Cancer PheochromocytomaETDF60,490,730,3210,30890,115830,322500,434500,697500,875350Neuroendocrine tumor of medulla of adrenal glands.
Cancer PheochromocytomaETDF60,490,730,3210,30890,115830,322500,452500,697500,875350Neuroendocrine tumor of medulla of adrenal glands.
Cancer PlasmacytomaBIO475Malignant plasma-cell tumor in soft tissue or axial skeleton.
Cancer ProstatePROV20,72,304,442,666,690,727,766,787,790,800,920,1875,1998,2008,2050,2120,2127,2128,2130,2217,2250,2720,5000Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Prostate

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Prostate :
Cancer Prostate. Can be caused by Xenotropic murine leukemia virus, BK virus, Propionibacterium Acnes, Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan). In addition by Human Papilloma virus (HPV) along with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Prostate 1CAFL666,2125,2128,2131,2140,2145,3672Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Prostate 2XTRA20,60,72,95,125,304,408,442,660,688,690,727.5,748,766,787,790,800,854,920,1840,1875,1998,2008,2050,2120,2125,2127,2130,2131,2140,2145,2217,2250,2288,2720,3672,5000,10025Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Prostate 2aETDF130,570,830,2250,97500,325710,434160,527000,667000,742000Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Prostate 2bXTRA130,570,830,2250,97500,325710,475160,527000,667000,742000Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Prostate 3XTRA20,60,72,95,125,304,442,666,690,727,766,787,790,800,920,1875,1998,2008,2050,2120,2127,2128,2130,2217,2250,2720,5000Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Prostate 4XTRA854,1840,2145,2288Also see Prostate Adenomium, and Prostate Hyperplasia. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer RectalETDF460,27500,17500,37500,85000,95750,150000,434000,571000,840000Also called Colorectal, Colon, or Bowel Cancer.
Cancer ResidualETDF610,15900,52810,62710,97530,248000,434500,524370,601270,781090Residual cancer burden (RCB) is estimated from routine pathologic sections of the primary breast tumor site and the regional lymph nodes after the completion of neoadjuvant therapy.
Cancer Respiratory Tract NeoplasmsKHZ100,550,730,870,67200,172850,230000,483200,535230,608210Includes Laryngeal and Lung Cancers.
Cancer RhabdomyosarcomaCAFL464,728,784,880,2000,2005,2008,2016,2048,2084,2093,2100,2127,2128,2184,2217,6024,6384Also called RMS. Connective tissue cancer. May arise from progenitor cells. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer RhabdomyosarcomaETDF120,270,9330,34210,205690,317250,412500,692500,776950,838250Also called RMS. Connective tissue cancer. May arise from progenitor cells. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Rhabdomyosarcoma EmbryonalCAFL6384,6024,2586,2217,2184,2128,2127,2100,2093,2084,2060,2048,2040,2032,2016,2008,2005,2000,880,784,728,464Rare connective tissue cancer with cells resembling embryonic skeletal muscle. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Rhabdomyosarcoma Embryonal Vega 1CAFL2586,4445,5476Rare connective tissue cancer with cells resembling embryonic skeletal muscle. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer SarcomaCAFL727,787,880,2000,2008,2127Malignant tumors not originating from epithelial cells. See Sarcoma, BY Virus, and Cancer BY Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Sarcoma 2XTRA728,785,802,880,1755,2005,2007.5,2015.9,2083.8,3524Malignant tumors not originating from epithelial cells. See Sarcoma, BY Virus, and Cancer BY Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Sarcoma GeneralCAFL1755,2008,3524Malignant tumors not originating from epithelial cells. See Sarcoma, BY Virus, and Cancer BY Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Sarcoma General Resonant Light Alternate programETDF1970,2040,2100,2490,3170,5000,5570,10240,13720,15610,10000,6000,5000,3170,2490,2040,2100,1970,2040,8030Malignant tumors not originating from epithelial cells. See Sarcoma, BY Virus, and Cancer BY Virus. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Sezary SyndromeETDF2120,300,2330,17500,45750,375170,434000,527000,662710,723010Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas. Sometimes considered as late Mycosis Fungoides with Lymphadenopathy.
Cancer Sezary SyndromeETDF180,300,2330,17500,45750,375170,475000,527000,662710,723010Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas. Sometimes considered to be late Mycosis Fungoides with Lymphadenopathy.
Cancer SkinKHZ150,180,20000,45150,73300,96500,125000,375750,412330,563190See Cancer Basal Cell Skin Carcinoma, Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Cancer Melanoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer SkinXTRA666,760,2008,2116,2125,2128,2131,2140,2145,2280,3672,6130,6601,6672See Cancer Basal Cell Skin Carcinoma, Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Cancer Melanoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Squamous Cell CarcinomaETDF150,2120,20000,45150,73300,96500,125000,375750,434330,563190Type of skin cancer which can manifest in many other parts of the body.
Cancer StomachCAFL676,728,880,2167,2950See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Stomach :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer StomachETDF30,2120,2500,15030,96500,125150,434910,647000,789000,985670See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Stomach :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer StomachKHZ30,180,2500,15030,96500,125150,377910,647000,789000,985670See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Stomach :
Cancer Stomach. Can be caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Stomach 2XTRA660,676,690,727.5,880,2167,2950See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Stomach 3XTRA347,352,676,695,705,728,880,2167,2779,2819,2950See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Stomach 4XTRA0.2,0.4,0.59,0.8,695,705,728,880,2167,2779,2819,2950See Heliobacter Pylori. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer TertiaryCAFL20,421,965,50,383Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer TesticularETDF40,550,7250,50000,97500,222700,434590,517500,687620,712000Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer ThoracicETDF40,400,600,7250,55000,92500,175750,434160,527000,667000Cancers located in the thorax. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Thoracic NeoplasmsKHZ10,400,600,7250,55000,92500,175750,475160,527000,667000Cancers located in the thorax. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Throat BX Sweep 1XTRA1605450-1609450Alternate daily with Cancer Throat BX Sweep 2.
Cancer Throat BX Sweep 2XTRA1527520-1531520Alternate daily with Cancer Throat BX Sweep 1.
Cancer Throat Tumor 1XTRA128,29000,38300,39007Experimental. Dowsed by Nancy Sliwa for David Bourke.
Cancer Throat Tumor 2XTRA46015.6,23007.8,11503.9,10025,3713,2876,20480,1604Experimental. Dowsed by Nancy Sliwa for David Bourke.
Cancer ThymomaETDF20,220,25000,55750,105000,229320,434000,515160,782810,993410Uncommon tumor of thymus, associated with Myasthenia Gravis.
Cancer Thymoma MalignantKHZ20,220,25000,55750,105000,229320,410000,515160,782810,993410Uncommon tumor of thymus, associated with Myasthenia Gravis.
Cancer ThyroidETDF130,570,32500,97500,322530,434160,527000,662710,749000,988900Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Thyroid :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer ThyroidKHZ130,570,32500,97500,322530,475160,527000,662710,749000,988900Use Blood Cleanser.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Thyroid :
Cancer Thyroid. Can be caused by Simian virus 40.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer TonsilETDF80,120,40000,85000,136420,357300,434750,571000,840000,937410Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer TonsilKHZ80,120,40000,85000,136420,357300,425750,571000,840000,937410Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer TrophoblasticETDF130,7500,35160,67500,96500,275160,434160,527000,663710,752700Also see Cancer Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, and Cancer Trophoblastic Neoplasms.
Cancer Trophoblastic NeoplasmsKHZ130,7500,35160,67500,96500,275160,475160,527000,663710,752700Also see Cancer Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, and Cancer Trophoblastic.
Cancer Tumor ReductionXTRA1604368,1604850.01Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer TumorsXTRA1873.477,2221.323,6350.333,10456.383Use Blood Cleanser. For breast, liver, prostate, or pancreatic cancer.
Cancer UrethralETDF30,2750,7500,17500,96500,358570,434820,518920,683000,712230Also see Bladder TBC, Cancer Bladder, Cancer Bladder TBC, Parasites, and Schistosoma. Use Blood Cleanser.
Cancer Urologic NeoplasmsETDF30,460,750,850,2500,7500,17500,96500,434930,451170Includes all bladder cancers, renal cell cancer, and prostate cancer.
Kidney
Cancer Urologic NeoplasmsKHZ30,460,750,850,2500,7500,17500,96500,352930,451170Includes all bladder cancers, renal cell cancer, and prostate cancer.
Kidney
Cancer UterineXTRA127,443,2288,2944Cervical cancer associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Encyclopedia Entry for Cancer Uterine :
Cancer Uterine. Cervical cancer associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cancer Wilms' TumorETDF50,530,14330,31230,56720,63440,231270,434820,622180,653500Also called nephroblastoma. Kidney cancer occurring mostly in children. Also see Wilms Tumor, and Rhabdoid Tumor.
Cancer: Respiratory TractETDF100,550,730,870,67200,172850,230000,434200,535230,608210Cancer of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Malignancies arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are relatively rare tumors of the head and neck. They account for only 3% of all upper respiratory tract cancers, with a yearly incidence of 1 per 100,000 people.
Cancrum OrisCAFL20,727,787,802,880Rapidly growing oral or nasal ulcer. Use Blood Cleanser. Other use: Halitosis.
Face
Cancrum Oris 2XTRA20,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1550Rapidly growing oral or nasal ulcer. Use Blood Cleanser.
CandidaETDF180,930,2500,42500,71500,96500,125750,434000,642910,983170Yeast. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.

Encyclopedia Entry for Candida :
Candida infection of the skin. The body normally hosts a variety of germs, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body, some produce no harm or benefit, and some can cause harmful infections. Some fungal infections are caused by fungi that often live on the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. They include yeast-like fungi such as candida. Sometimes, these yeast penetrate beneath the surface of the skin and cause infection. In cutaneous candidiasis, the skin is infected with candida fungi. This type of infection is fairly common. It can involve almost any skin on the body, but most often it occurs in warm, moist, creased areas such as the armpits and groin. The fungus that most often causes cutaneous candidiasis is Candida albicans. Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants. The fungi take advantage of the warm, moist conditions inside the diaper. Candida infection is also particularly common in people with diabetes and in those who are obese. Antibiotics, steroid therapy, and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Candida can also cause infections of the nails, edges of the nails, and corners of the mouth. Oral thrush, a form of candida infection of the moist lining of the mouth, usually occurs when people take antibiotics. It may also be a sign of an HIV infection or other weakened immune system disorders when it occurs in adults. Individuals with candida infections are not usually contagious, though in some settings people with weakened immune systems may catch the infection. Candida is also the most frequent cause of vaginal yeast infections. These infections are common and often occur with antibiotic use. People with seriously weakened immune systems and cutaneous candidiasis may go on to develop more serious candida infections inside their body.
A candida infection of the skin can cause intense itching. Symptoms also include: Red, growing skin rash Rash on the skin folds, genitals, middle of the body, buttocks, under the breasts, and other areas of skin Infection of the hair follicles that may look like pimples.
Your health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Your provider may gently scrape off a sample of skin for testing. Older children and adults with a yeast skin infection should be tested for diabetes. High sugar levels, seen in people with diabetes, act as food for the yeast fungus, and help it grow.
Good general health and hygiene are very important for treating candida infections of the skin. Keeping the skin dry and exposed to air is helpful. Drying (absorbent) powders may help prevent fungal infections. Losing weight may help eliminate the problem if you are overweight. Proper blood sugar control may also be helpful to those with diabetes. Antifungal skin creams or ointments may be used to treat a yeast infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina. You may need to take antifungal medicine by mouth for severe candida infections in the mouth, throat, or vagina.
Cutaneous candidiasis often goes away with treatment, especially if the underlying cause is corrected. Repeat infections are common.
These complications may occur: Infection of the nails may cause the nails to become oddly shaped and may cause an infection around the nail. Candida skin infections may return. Widespread candidiasis may occur in people with weakened immune systems.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis.
Skin infection - fungal; Fungal infection - skin; Skin infection - yeast; Yeast infection - skin; Intertriginous candidiasis; Cutaneous candidiasis.
Candida, fluorescent stain Candida, fluorescent stain Candidiasis, cutaneous - around the mouth Candidiasis, cutaneous - around the mouth.
Edwards JE. Candida species.
CandidaXTRA4640Experimental. Yeast. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.

Encyclopedia Entry for Candida :
Candida infection of the skin. The body normally hosts a variety of germs, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body, some produce no harm or benefit, and some can cause harmful infections. Some fungal infections are caused by fungi that often live on the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. They include yeast-like fungi such as candida. Sometimes, these yeast penetrate beneath the surface of the skin and cause infection. In cutaneous candidiasis, the skin is infected with candida fungi. This type of infection is fairly common. It can involve almost any skin on the body, but most often it occurs in warm, moist, creased areas such as the armpits and groin. The fungus that most often causes cutaneous candidiasis is Candida albicans. Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants. The fungi take advantage of the warm, moist conditions inside the diaper. Candida infection is also particularly common in people with diabetes and in those who are obese. Antibiotics, steroid therapy, and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Candida can also cause infections of the nails, edges of the nails, and corners of the mouth. Oral thrush, a form of candida infection of the moist lining of the mouth, usually occurs when people take antibiotics. It may also be a sign of an HIV infection or other weakened immune system disorders when it occurs in adults. Individuals with candida infections are not usually contagious, though in some settings people with weakened immune systems may catch the infection. Candida is also the most frequent cause of vaginal yeast infections. These infections are common and often occur with antibiotic use. People with seriously weakened immune systems and cutaneous candidiasis may go on to develop more serious candida infections inside their body.
A candida infection of the skin can cause intense itching. Symptoms also include: Red, growing skin rash Rash on the skin folds, genitals, middle of the body, buttocks, under the breasts, and other areas of skin Infection of the hair follicles that may look like pimples.
Your health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Your provider may gently scrape off a sample of skin for testing. Older children and adults with a yeast skin infection should be tested for diabetes. High sugar levels, seen in people with diabetes, act as food for the yeast fungus, and help it grow.
Good general health and hygiene are very important for treating candida infections of the skin. Keeping the skin dry and exposed to air is helpful. Drying (absorbent) powders may help prevent fungal infections. Losing weight may help eliminate the problem if you are overweight. Proper blood sugar control may also be helpful to those with diabetes. Antifungal skin creams or ointments may be used to treat a yeast infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina. You may need to take antifungal medicine by mouth for severe candida infections in the mouth, throat, or vagina.
Cutaneous candidiasis often goes away with treatment, especially if the underlying cause is corrected. Repeat infections are common.
These complications may occur: Infection of the nails may cause the nails to become oddly shaped and may cause an infection around the nail. Candida skin infections may return. Widespread candidiasis may occur in people with weakened immune systems.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis.
Skin infection - fungal; Fungal infection - skin; Skin infection - yeast; Yeast infection - skin; Intertriginous candidiasis; Cutaneous candidiasis.
Candida, fluorescent stain Candida, fluorescent stain Candidiasis, cutaneous - around the mouth Candidiasis, cutaneous - around the mouth.
Edwards JE. Candida species.
Candida 1CAFL3176,2644,1403,1151,943,886,877,866,762,742,661,465,464,450,414,386,381,254.2,120,95,64,20Yeast. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida 2CAFL10000,5000,3176,2489,1395,1276,1160,1044,928,877,812,728,696,580,464,381,348,232,116,58,20Yeast. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida 3CAFL20,60,95,125,225,427,464,727Yeast. Includes Candida Carcinomas and C. Tropicalis.
Candida 4XTRA20,60,95,125,225,427,464,465,675,709,727,1403,2128,2167,2128Yeast. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida AlbicansVEGA414Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if no long-term result.
Candida AlbicansXTRA2453641.54608Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if no long-term result.
Candida Albicans 1CAFL464,464.5,465,465.5,841Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Albicans 1XTRA414,952.34,956,79,962.75,12006.25,12062.5,12137.5Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Albicans 2CAFL72,412,422,543,582,727,787,802,1016,1134,1153,1550,2222Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Albicans 2XTRA412,414,464,8146,11092.5,11310,11742,11742.5,11745Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Albicans 3CAFL20,152,225,240,427,442,650,688,751,880,1146,8146Addresses some causal factors.
Candida Albicans 4CAFL188,250,376.9,464,465,753.9,841,1507,3015Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Albicans 7XTRA956.79,19217.81Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida and Organ Support 1XTRA956.79,11126.5,1145.75,11162.25,11387.25,11434.5,11979,12006.25Combination treatment and support.
Candida and Organ Support 2XTRA20,60,72,95,100,125,152,225,240,254.19,344,381,386,422,427,442,450,465,510,543,582,600,625,650,660,661,688,690,727.5,742,751,762,784,787,802,866,877,880,886,943,1016,1134,1146,1151,1153,1403,1550,2127.5,2222,2644,8146Combination treatment and support.
Candida AurisXTRA888From Dr. Richard Loyd. Candida auris is a species of fungus first described in 2009, which grows as yeast. It is one of the few species of the genus Candida which cause candidiasis in humans. Often, candidiasis is acquired in hospitals by patients with weakened immune systems.
Candida CarcinomasCAFL2167,2128,2182,465Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida CarcinomasXTRA465,2128,2167,2128Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Glabrata 1XTRA3077163.30889Common biofilm-forming yeast causing disease for those in weakened condition, with suppressed immune function, or Lyme/Morgellons Disease. Also see Torulopsis programs.
Candida Glabrata 2XTRA558777.7777Biofilm. From Newport. Wave=square, Duty=82.4%. Common biofilm-forming yeast causing disease for those in weakened condition, with suppressed immune function, or Lyme/Morgellons Disease. Also see Torulopsis programs.
Candida HiPowerXTRA23485,51155,51156,53940,58914,58916,88740,23484,57420,99180,8146,22620,29580From Pulsed Technologies. Alternate daily with Candida LoPower, and run with Candida Organ Support program.
Candida kruseiXTRA698From Dr. Richard Loyd. Candida krusei is a budding yeast involved in chocolate production. Candida krusei is an emerging fungal nosocomial pathogen primarily found in the immunocompromised and those with hematological malignancies. It has natural resistance to fluconazole, a standard antifungal agent.
Candida LoPowerXTRA31724,31725,33060,46980,50460,54404,54405,55250,55251,60900,64380,67860,412From Pulsed Technologies. Alternate daily with Candida HiPower, and run with Candida Organ Support program.
Candida LusitaniaXTRA878777.7787Weaponized biofilm. From Newport. Wave=square, Duty=82.4%. Causes Arrythmia, Peritonitis, Sinusitis, dacrocystitis, and neurological problems.
Candida Organ SupportXTRA23958,24354,28251,29766,32121,32670,36735,38281,44506,44583,45549,45738,54531,56133,56376,57519,58806,63336,67977,71874,84942,86394,87000,89298Run with Candida HiPower and Candida LoPower programs. From Pulsed Technologies.
Candida ParapsilosisXTRA634From Dr. Richard Loyd. Causes Sepsis, and wound and tissue infections in the immunocompromised. Also infects nails. See Onchomycosis. Other use: Nanobacteria.
Candida RobustaXTRA468From Dr. Richard Loyd. Candida robusta is rarely identified in humans, but has been reported as a cause of VVC in pregnant women.
Candida SecondaryCAFL72,422,582,727,787,802,1016,1134,1153,1550,2222,412,543,2128Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida SweepXTRA12006.25Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida TertiaryCAFL880,95,125,20,60,225,427,240,650,688,152,442,8146,751,1146Addresses some causal factors.
Candida TropicalisBIO1403Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
Candida Tropicalis 2XTRA675,709,1403Yeast species. See Parasites General, Roundworm, and Ascaris if these do not work long-term.
CandidiasisKHZ150,180,930,2500,42500,71500,96500,125750,642910,983170Candida infection, commonly called Thrush.

Encyclopedia Entry for Candidiasis :
Candidiasis - Candidosis- Moniliasis- infection of the mucous membranes (mouth, esophagus, vagina) caused by the yeast Candida albicans.

Encyclopedia Entry for Candidiasis :
Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush). Source of disease: usually Candida albicans and other Candida species
Candidiasis VulvovaginalETDF180,930,3780,42500,71500,96500,125750,434000,642910,983170Also called Vaginal Thrush.
Candidiasis VulvovaginalKHZ150,180,930,3780,42500,71500,96500,125750,642910,983170Also called Vaginal Thrush.
Canine ParvoVEGA323,562,622,4027Parvovirus.
Canine Parvo BVEGA323,535,755Canine parvovirus (CPV, colloquially parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs.
Canine Parvo MutantVEGA323Parvovirus.
Canine ParvovirusCAFL185,188,323,428,433,562,613,622,1000,4027Canine parvovirus (CPV, colloquially parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs. CPV2 is highly contagious and is spread from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact with their feces. Vaccines can prevent this infection, but mortality can reach 91% in untreated cases. Treatment often involves veterinary hospitalization. Canine parvovirus may infect other mammals including foxes, wolves, cats, and skunks.
Canine Parvovirus Mutant StrainCAFL323,514Canine parvovirus (CPV, colloquially parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs.
Canine Parvovirus Type BCAFL323,535,613,755,761,764,766,768In 1978 an emerging virus, called canine parvovirus (CPV) was identified in the dog population; this virus was subsequently named CPV type 2 (CPV-2). The CPV-2 was distinct from the well-known parvovirus, canine minute virus (CnMV), which was formerly known as canine parvovirus type 1 . The CPV-2 virus induced hemorrhagic enteritis, severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leukopenia associated with a high mortality in infected dogs and spread into non-immune dog populations worldwide causing a pandemic. Furthermore, CPV-2 was responsible for myocarditis in puppies. Today, the prevalence of CPV antibodies in adult dogs is high due to vaccination and/or natural infection causing a high protective immunity status. Nevertheless, non-immune puppies that are 6 wk to 6 mo old are susceptible to CPV infection when there is loss of passive protection from maternal-derived antibodies (MDA), which are able to protect puppies against myocarditis .
Canker Sore 1XTRA246,322,339,342Also see Stomatitis Aphthous. Painful recurrent benign mouth ulcers.
Canker Sore 2XTRA1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907Also see Stomatitis Aphthous. Painful recurrent benign mouth ulcers.
Canker Sore 3XTRA234,278,465,568,672,677,702,787Also see Stomatitis Aphthous. Painful recurrent benign mouth ulcers.
Canker Sore 4XTRA478,487,498,788,955,982,1902,1904,1906Also see Stomatitis Aphthous. Painful recurrent benign mouth ulcers.
Cannabidiol CBDXTRA5031.472Experimental. Derived from molar weight.
Capgras SyndromeETDF80,120,850,20000,40000,352930,434720,517500,684810,712420Belief that someone known has been replaced by an impostor. Thought to be due to neuroanatomical damage.
Capgras SyndromeKHZ80,120,850,20000,40000,352930,453720,517500,684810,712420Belief that someone known has been replaced by an impostor. Thought to be due to neuroanatomical damage.
Capillaria HepaticaXTRA1051.6,1060.91,1067.47,13257.8,13375,13457.8Parasitic nematode in rodents and mammals, including humans. Originating in liver.
Capillaria Hepatica (Liver Sect)HC424250-430650Parasitic nematode in rodents and mammals, including humans. Originating in liver.
Capillaries Stimulate HealingXTRA15.2In healing wounds, new capillaries grow into the wound at a ferocious rate, producing an abundant network of new blood vessels that is 2, 3, or even up to 10 times more dense than normal tissue (Fig. 1). The onset of angiogenesis is positively regulated by several soluble factors, most conspicuously VEGF-A .
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein SyndromeETDF180,600,20000,93500,175160,434000,519340,682450,759830,900000Now called Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation. Can cause serious organ system failure in infants.
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein SyndromeKHZ30,180,600,20000,93500,175160,519340,682450,759830,900000Now called Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation. Can cause serious organ system failure in infants.
Carbon cXTRA535.24,577,12277.34Element.
CarbunclesCAFL48,424,644,647,727,738,744,745,786,943,1050,8697Cluster of boils. See Boils, Furunculosis, and Staphylococcus Aureus.
Skin

Encyclopedia Entry for Carbuncles :
Carbuncles. Cluster of boils. See Boils, Furunculosis, and Staphylococcus Aureus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Carcinoid TumorETDF120,730,13390,7500,5500,125000,375150,434900,571000,842000Carcinoid tumors are a type of slow-growing cancer that can arise in several places throughout your body. Carcinoid tumors, which are one subset of tumors called neuroendocrine tumors, usually begin in the digestive tract (stomach, appendix, small intestine, colon, rectum) or in the lungs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Carcinoid Tumor :
Carcinoid tumors. Can be caused by Enterovirus infections.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Carcinoid TumorKHZ120,730,13390,7500,5500,125000,375150,426900,571000,842000Also see Cancer Carcinoid Tumor Gastrointestinal, and Argentaffinoma.

Encyclopedia Entry for Carcinoid Tumor :
Carcinoid tumors. Can be caused by Enterovirus infections.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
CarcinomaETDF130,230,730,830,5120,7250,32500,90000,175750,434530Use Blood Cleanser.
CarcinomaKHZ130,230,730,830,5120,7250,32500,90000,175750,422530Use Blood Cleanser.
Carcinoma (breast)PROV43353850From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma (breast)XTRA43353850From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma (general)PROV43353800From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma (general)XTRA43353800From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma (intestines)PROV43353800From Patent US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma (intestines)XTRA43353800From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1
Carcinoma 1XTRA462,852,1582,2128Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma 2XTRA55,127,304,462,590,644,660,690,727.5,787,852,856,880,901,1352,1582,1820,2008,2098,2104,2112,2120,2127.5,2128,2136,2144,2152,2160,2168,2176,2184,2192,2200,2217,5000,9999,10025,10026,10027Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma 3XTRA666,690,727,787,880,2008,2127,2128Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma Basal CellETDF80,120,850,5160,20000,40000,85000,97500,355720,434500Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma Basal CellKHZ80,120,850,5160,20000,40000,85000,97500,355720,454500,515000Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma Merkel-CellETDF80,120,850,5160,22400,43100,87220,97500,355720,434500Also see Cancer Merkel-Cell Carcinoma, and Cancer Merkel-Cell.
Carcinoma Non-Small Cell LungETDF60,180,970,5830,22000,47280,87220,97500,355720,434000See also Cancer Lung Non-Small Cell, and Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.
Carcinoma Oat CellETDF30,460,750,850,2500,7500,17500,96500,350000,434000Also see Cancer Lung Small Cell.
Carcinoma Skin Basal CellXTRA760,2116,2280Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma Small CellKHZ30,460,750,850,2500,7500,17500,96500,350000,450000Also see Cancer Carcinoma.
Carcinoma virusXTRA3133,1604125,12833000From Dr. Richard Loyd. See also Sarcoma virus and Melanoma virus.
CarcinomatosisXTRA43-193Also called Carcinosis. Disseminated or metastasized cancer.
Cardiac HypertrophyETDF130,260,23800,135600,390000,404370,515160,687620,712810,992000Thickening of ventricular walls of heart.
Cardiac TamponadeETDF30,180,5500,20000,93500,175750,394500,527000,667000,749000Pressure on heart's sac due to build-up of fluid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cardiac Tamponade :
Cardiac tamponade. In this condition, blood or fluid collects in the sac surrounding the heart. This prevents the heart ventricles from expanding fully. The excess pressure from the fluid prevents the heart from working properly. As a result, the body does not get enough blood. Cardiac tamponade can occur due to: Dissecting aortic aneurysm (thoracic) End-stage lung cancer Heart attack ( acute MI ) Heart surgery Pericarditis caused by bacterial or viral infections Wounds to the heart Other possible causes include: Heart tumors Underactive thyroid gland Kidney failure Leukemia Placement of central lines Radiation therapy to the chest Recent invasive heart procedures Systemic lupus erythematosus Dermatomyositis Heart failure Cardiac tamponade due to disease occurs in about 2 out of 10,000 people.
Symptoms may include: Anxiety , restlessness Sharp chest pain that is felt in the neck, shoulder, back, or abdomen Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughing Problems breathing Discomfort, sometimes relieved by sitting upright or leaning forward Fainting , lightheadedness Pale, gray, or blue skin Palpitations Rapid breathing Swelling of the legs or abdomen Jaundice Other symptoms that may occur with this disorder: Dizziness Drowsiness Weak or absent pulse.
Echocardiogram is the test of choice to help make the diagnosis. This test may be done at the bedside in emergency cases. A physical exam may show: Blood pressure that falls when breathing deeply Rapid breathing Heart rate over 100 (normal is 60 to 100 beats per minute) Heart sounds are only faintly heard through a stethoscope Neck veins that may be bulging (distended) but the blood pressure is low Weak or absent peripheral pulses Other tests may include: Chest CT or MRI of chest Chest x-ray Coronary angiography ECG Right heart catheterization.
Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that needs to be treated in the hospital. The fluid around the heart must be drained as quickly as possible. A procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid from the tissue that surrounds the heart will be done. A surgical procedure to cut and remove part of the covering of the heart (pericardium) may also be done. This is known as surgical pericardiectomy or pericardial window. Fluids are given to keep blood pressure normal until the fluid can be drained from around the heart. Medicines that increase blood pressure may also help keep the person alive until the fluid is drained. Oxygen may be given to help reduce the workload on the heart by decreasing tissue demands for blood flow. The cause of tamponade must be found and treated.
Death due to cardiac tamponade can occur quickly if the fluid or blood is not removed promptly from the pericardium. The outcome is often good if the condition is treated promptly. However, tamponade may come back.
Complications may include: Heart failure Pulmonary edema Bleeding Shock Death.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms develop. Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that needs immediate medical attention.
Many cases can't be prevented. Knowing your personal risk factors may help you get early diagnosis and treatment.
Tamponade; Pericardial tamponade; Pericarditis - tamponade.
Heart, front view Heart, front view Pericardium Pericardium Cardiac tamponade Cardiac tamponade.
LeWinter MM, Imazio M. Pericardial diseases.
Cardiac TamponadeKHZ30,180,5500,20000,93500,175750,479500,527000,667000,749000Pressure on heart's sac due to build-up of fluid.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cardiac Tamponade :
Cardiac tamponade. In this condition, blood or fluid collects in the sac surrounding the heart. This prevents the heart ventricles from expanding fully. The excess pressure from the fluid prevents the heart from working properly. As a result, the body does not get enough blood. Cardiac tamponade can occur due to: Dissecting aortic aneurysm (thoracic) End-stage lung cancer Heart attack ( acute MI ) Heart surgery Pericarditis caused by bacterial or viral infections Wounds to the heart Other possible causes include: Heart tumors Underactive thyroid gland Kidney failure Leukemia Placement of central lines Radiation therapy to the chest Recent invasive heart procedures Systemic lupus erythematosus Dermatomyositis Heart failure Cardiac tamponade due to disease occurs in about 2 out of 10,000 people.
Symptoms may include: Anxiety , restlessness Sharp chest pain that is felt in the neck, shoulder, back, or abdomen Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughing Problems breathing Discomfort, sometimes relieved by sitting upright or leaning forward Fainting , lightheadedness Pale, gray, or blue skin Palpitations Rapid breathing Swelling of the legs or abdomen Jaundice Other symptoms that may occur with this disorder: Dizziness Drowsiness Weak or absent pulse.
Echocardiogram is the test of choice to help make the diagnosis. This test may be done at the bedside in emergency cases. A physical exam may show: Blood pressure that falls when breathing deeply Rapid breathing Heart rate over 100 (normal is 60 to 100 beats per minute) Heart sounds are only faintly heard through a stethoscope Neck veins that may be bulging (distended) but the blood pressure is low Weak or absent peripheral pulses Other tests may include: Chest CT or MRI of chest Chest x-ray Coronary angiography ECG Right heart catheterization.
Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that needs to be treated in the hospital. The fluid around the heart must be drained as quickly as possible. A procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid from the tissue that surrounds the heart will be done. A surgical procedure to cut and remove part of the covering of the heart (pericardium) may also be done. This is known as surgical pericardiectomy or pericardial window. Fluids are given to keep blood pressure normal until the fluid can be drained from around the heart. Medicines that increase blood pressure may also help keep the person alive until the fluid is drained. Oxygen may be given to help reduce the workload on the heart by decreasing tissue demands for blood flow. The cause of tamponade must be found and treated.
Death due to cardiac tamponade can occur quickly if the fluid or blood is not removed promptly from the pericardium. The outcome is often good if the condition is treated promptly. However, tamponade may come back.
Complications may include: Heart failure Pulmonary edema Bleeding Shock Death.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms develop. Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that needs immediate medical attention.
Many cases can't be prevented. Knowing your personal risk factors may help you get early diagnosis and treatment.
Tamponade; Pericardial tamponade; Pericarditis - tamponade.
Heart, front view Heart, front view Pericardium Pericardium Cardiac tamponade Cardiac tamponade.
LeWinter MM, Imazio M. Pericardial diseases.
Cardiomyopathy CongestiveETDF120,250,20000,125160,377910,414170,515170,683000,712000,993410Now called Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Enlargement of heart affecting pump function.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cardiomyopathy Congestive :
Cardiomyopathy Congestive. Now called Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Enlargement of heart affecting pump function.Can be caused by Coxsackie B virus.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cardiomyopathy DilatedKHZ120,250,20000,125160,377910,451170,515170,683000,712000,993410See Congestive Cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathy HypertrophicETDF130,260,20000,125000,376290,404370,515160,687620,712810,992000Thickening of myocardium which can cause sudden death.
Cardiomyopathy HypertrophicKHZ130,260,20000,125000,376290,454370,515160,687620,712810,992000Thickening of myocardium which can cause sudden death.
Cardiomyopathy RestrictiveETDF120,260,20000,125750,375170,464930,527000,662710,742000,985670Stiffening of walls of heart's chambers.
Cardiomyopathy RestrictiveKHZ120,260,20000,125750,375170,479930,527000,662710,742000,985670Stiffening of walls of heart's chambers.
Cardiovascular DiseasesETDF130,5690,7250,32500,90000,175000,414330,561930,642910,978850Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.
Cardiovascular DiseasesKHZ130,5690,7250,32500,90000,175000,412330,561930,642910,978850Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect your heart. Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects), among others.
The term heart disease is often used interchangeably with the term cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.
Many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices.
Symptoms
Heart disease symptoms depend on what type of heart disease you have.
Symptoms of heart disease in your blood vessels (atherosclerotic disease)
Cardiovascular disease symptoms may be different for men and women. For instance, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have other symptoms along with chest discomfort, such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue.
Symptoms can include:
Chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina)
Shortness of breath
Pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed
Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back
You might not be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease until you have a heart attack, angina, stroke or heart failure. It's important to watch for cardiovascular symptoms and discuss concerns with your doctor. Cardiovascular disease can sometimes be found early with regular evaluations.
Carnitine DisordersETDF30,520,7500,30000,225160,484190,527000,667000,789000,988900Amino acids-derived compound necessary for mitochondrial health.
Carnitine DisordersKHZ30,520,7500,30000,225160,475190,527000,667000,789000,988900Amino acids-derived compound necessary for mitochondrial health.
Caroli DiseaseETDF60,520,10530,27500,55170,125750,210500,304000,571000,843000Dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
Caroli DiseaseKHZ60,520,10530,27500,55170,125750,210500,425000,571000,843000Dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
Carotid Artery NarrowingETDF20,240,2750,17500,35190,97500,269710,314370,563190,875960Also see Carotid Stenosis.
Carotid StenosisKHZ20,240,2750,17500,35190,97500,269710,424370,563190,875960Also see Carotid Artery Narrowing.
Carpal Tunnel SecondaryCAFL2008,666Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.
Nerve
Carpal Tunnel SyndromeETDF30,650,12330,30000,182230,225170,534500,667000,742000,986220Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome :
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Compression of the median nerve The median nerve provides feeling and movement to the thumb side of the hand. This includes the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and thumb side of the ring finger. The area in your wrist where the nerve enters the hand is called the carpal tunnel. This tunnel is normally narrow. Any swelling can pinch the nerve and cause pain, numbness, tingling or weakness. This is called carpal tunnel syndrome. Some people who develop carpal tunnel syndrome were born with a small carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome can also be caused by making the same hand and wrist motion over and over. Using hand tools that vibrate may also lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Surface anatomy - normal wrist Studies have not proved that carpal tunnel is caused by typing on a computer, using a mouse, or repeating movements while working, playing a musical instrument, or playing sports. But, these activities may cause tendinitis or bursitis in the hand, which can narrow the carpal tunnel and lead to symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs most often in people ages 30 to 60. It is more common in women than men. Other factors that may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome include: Alcohol use Bone fractures and arthritis of the wrist Cyst or tumor that grows in the wrist Infections Obesity If your body keeps extra fluids during pregnancy or menopause Rheumatoid arthritis Diseases that have abnormal deposits of protein in the body ( amyloidosis ).
Symptoms may include any of the following: Clumsiness of the hand when gripping objects Numbness or tingling in the thumb and next two or three fingers of one or both hands Numbness or tingling of the palm of the hand Pain that extends to the elbow Pain in the wrist or hand in one or both hands Problems with fine finger movements (coordination) in one or both hands Wasting away of the muscle under the thumb (in advanced or long-term cases) Weak grip or difficulty carrying bags (a common complaint) Weakness in one or both hands.
During a physical exam, your health care provider may find: Numbness in the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and thumb side of your ring finger Weak hand grip Tapping over the median nerve at your wrist may cause pain to shoot from your wrist to your hand (this is called the Tinel sign) Bending your wrist forward all the way for 60 seconds will usually result in numbness, tingling, or weakness (this is called the Phalen test) Tests that may be ordered include: Wrist x-rays to rule out other problems, such as arthritis in your wrist Electromyography (EMG, a test to check muscles and the nerves that control them) Nerve conduction velocity (a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve).
Your provider may suggest the following: Wearing a splint at night for several weeks. If this does not help, you may need to wear the splint during the day as well. Avoid sleeping on your wrists. Placing warm and cold compresses on the affected area. Changes you can make in your workplace to reduce the stress on your wrist include: Using special devices, such as keyboards, different types of computer mouse, cushioned mouse pads, and keyboard drawers. Having someone review the position you are in when performing your work activities. For example, make sure the keyboard is low enough so that your wrists are not bent upward while typing. Your provider may suggest an occupational therapist. Making changes in your work duties or home and sports activities. Some of the jobs linked with carpal tunnel syndrome include those that involve vibrating tools. MEDICINES Medicines used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Corticosteroid injections given into the carpal tunnel area may relieve symptoms for a period of time. SURGERY Carpal tunnel release is a surgical procedure that cuts into the ligament that is pressing on the nerve. Surgery is successful most of the time, but depends on how long you've had the nerve compression and its severity. Carpal tunnel surgical procedure.
Symptoms often improve without surgery. But more than half of cases eventually need surgery. Even if surgery is successful, full healing can take months.
If the condition is treated properly, there are usually no complications. If untreated, the nerve can be damaged, causing permanent weakness, numbness, and tingling.
Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome Your symptoms do not respond to regular treatment, such as rest and anti-inflammatory drugs, or if there seems to be a loss of muscle bulk around your fingers Your fingers lose more and more feeling.
Use tools and equipment that are properly designed to reduce the risk of wrist injury. Ergonomic aids, such as split keyboards, keyboard trays, typing pads, and wrist braces, may be used to improve wrist posture during typing. Take frequent breaks when typing and always stop if you feel tingling or pain.
Median nerve dysfunction; Median nerve entrapment; Median neuropathy.
Compression of the median nerve Compression of the median nerve Surface anatomy - normal wrist Surface anatomy - normal wrist Carpal tunnel surgical procedure Carpal tunnel surgical procedure Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome.
Calandruccio JH. Carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar tunnel syndrome, and stenosing tenosynovitis.
Carpal Tunnel SyndromeKHZ30,650,12330,30000,182230,225170,477500,667000,742000,986220Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome :
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Compression of the median nerve The median nerve provides feeling and movement to the thumb side of the hand. This includes the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and thumb side of the ring finger. The area in your wrist where the nerve enters the hand is called the carpal tunnel. This tunnel is normally narrow. Any swelling can pinch the nerve and cause pain, numbness, tingling or weakness. This is called carpal tunnel syndrome. Some people who develop carpal tunnel syndrome were born with a small carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome can also be caused by making the same hand and wrist motion over and over. Using hand tools that vibrate may also lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Surface anatomy - normal wrist Studies have not proved that carpal tunnel is caused by typing on a computer, using a mouse, or repeating movements while working, playing a musical instrument, or playing sports. But, these activities may cause tendinitis or bursitis in the hand, which can narrow the carpal tunnel and lead to symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs most often in people ages 30 to 60. It is more common in women than men. Other factors that may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome include: Alcohol use Bone fractures and arthritis of the wrist Cyst or tumor that grows in the wrist Infections Obesity If your body keeps extra fluids during pregnancy or menopause Rheumatoid arthritis Diseases that have abnormal deposits of protein in the body ( amyloidosis ).
Symptoms may include any of the following: Clumsiness of the hand when gripping objects Numbness or tingling in the thumb and next two or three fingers of one or both hands Numbness or tingling of the palm of the hand Pain that extends to the elbow Pain in the wrist or hand in one or both hands Problems with fine finger movements (coordination) in one or both hands Wasting away of the muscle under the thumb (in advanced or long-term cases) Weak grip or difficulty carrying bags (a common complaint) Weakness in one or both hands.
During a physical exam, your health care provider may find: Numbness in the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and thumb side of your ring finger Weak hand grip Tapping over the median nerve at your wrist may cause pain to shoot from your wrist to your hand (this is called the Tinel sign) Bending your wrist forward all the way for 60 seconds will usually result in numbness, tingling, or weakness (this is called the Phalen test) Tests that may be ordered include: Wrist x-rays to rule out other problems, such as arthritis in your wrist Electromyography (EMG, a test to check muscles and the nerves that control them) Nerve conduction velocity (a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve).
Your provider may suggest the following: Wearing a splint at night for several weeks. If this does not help, you may need to wear the splint during the day as well. Avoid sleeping on your wrists. Placing warm and cold compresses on the affected area. Changes you can make in your workplace to reduce the stress on your wrist include: Using special devices, such as keyboards, different types of computer mouse, cushioned mouse pads, and keyboard drawers. Having someone review the position you are in when performing your work activities. For example, make sure the keyboard is low enough so that your wrists are not bent upward while typing. Your provider may suggest an occupational therapist. Making changes in your work duties or home and sports activities. Some of the jobs linked with carpal tunnel syndrome include those that involve vibrating tools. MEDICINES Medicines used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Corticosteroid injections given into the carpal tunnel area may relieve symptoms for a period of time. SURGERY Carpal tunnel release is a surgical procedure that cuts into the ligament that is pressing on the nerve. Surgery is successful most of the time, but depends on how long you've had the nerve compression and its severity. Carpal tunnel surgical procedure.
Symptoms often improve without surgery. But more than half of cases eventually need surgery. Even if surgery is successful, full healing can take months.
If the condition is treated properly, there are usually no complications. If untreated, the nerve can be damaged, causing permanent weakness, numbness, and tingling.
Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome Your symptoms do not respond to regular treatment, such as rest and anti-inflammatory drugs, or if there seems to be a loss of muscle bulk around your fingers Your fingers lose more and more feeling.
Use tools and equipment that are properly designed to reduce the risk of wrist injury. Ergonomic aids, such as split keyboards, keyboard trays, typing pads, and wrist braces, may be used to improve wrist posture during typing. Take frequent breaks when typing and always stop if you feel tingling or pain.
Median nerve dysfunction; Median nerve entrapment; Median neuropathy.
Compression of the median nerve Compression of the median nerve Surface anatomy - normal wrist Surface anatomy - normal wrist Carpal tunnel surgical procedure Carpal tunnel surgical procedure Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome.
Calandruccio JH. Carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar tunnel syndrome, and stenosing tenosynovitis.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1XTRA465,660,666,784,787,800,880,960,1560,1840,1998Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 2XTRA6.29,15,20.5,146,148,444,465,522,600,625,650,660,685,690,700,727,737,760,776,787,802,832,880,1000,1500,1550,1865,2008,10000Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 3XTRA666,2008Median nerve compression at wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. Also use Arthritis.
Cartilage DiseasesETDF60,520,27500,55750,125190,250000,354720,517500,683000,712420There are several inflammatory rheumatic diseases that lead to arthritis and can severely damage cartilage tissue. These include rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, and seronegative spondyloarthropathies.
Cartilage DiseasesKHZ60,520,27500,55750,125190,250000,453720,517500,683000,712420Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also gives shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. Healthy cartilage helps you move by allowing your bones to glide over each other. It also protects bones by preventing them from rubbing against each other.
Injured, inflamed, or damaged cartilage can cause symptoms such as pain and limited movement. It can also lead to joint damage and deformity. Causes of cartilage problems include
Tears and injuries, such as sports injuries
Genetic factors
Other disorders, such as some types of arthritis
Osteoarthritis results from breakdown of cartilage.
Cat DiseasesETDF30,240,700,17500,35170,97500,222700,314330,560000,707260Feline disease are those infections or diseases that infect cats. Some of these cause symptoms, sickness or the death of the animal. Some of these are symptomatic in a cat but not in other cats. Some are opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have other sicknesses. Some of these can be treated and the animal can have a complete recovery. Others, like viral diseases, cannot be treated with antibiotics. This is because antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
Cat DiseasesKHZ30,240,700,17500,35170,97500,222700,412330,560000,707260Feline disease are those infections or diseases that infect cats. Some of these cause symptoms, sickness or the death of the animal. Some of these are symptomatic in a cat but not in other cats. Some are opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have other sicknesses. Some of these can be treated and the animal can have a complete recovery. Others, like viral diseases, cannot be treated with antibiotics. This is because antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
Aspergilloisis
Avian influenza in cats
Bladder cancer in cats and dogs
Bone cancer in cats and dogs
Cancer in cats
Cat flu, an upper respiratory tract infection, caused by:
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophila felis
Feline calicivirus
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR)
FHV-1
Cat-scratch disease
Cat skin disorders
Central retinal degeneration
Coccidia
Cowpox
Cryptosporidiosis
Cuterebriasis
Diabetes in cats
Dirofilaria immitis
Dry eye syndrome
Ectopia lentis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Feline acne
Feline asthma
Feline cognitive dysfunction
Feline coronavirus
Feline cystitis
Feline cutaneous asthenia
Feline distemper
Feline foamy virus
Feline hepatic lipidosis
Feline hyperaldosteronism
Feline hyperesthesia syndrome
Feline hyperthyroidism
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Feline infectious anemia
Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline leprosy syndrome caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium
Feline leptosprosis
Feline leukemia virus
Feline lower urinary tract disease
Feline lymphoma
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion
Feline panleukopenia
Feline sarcoma virus
Feline spongiform encephalopathy
Feline viral enteritis
Flat-chested kitten syndrome
Flea allergy dermatitis
Florida keratopathy
Haemophilus felis
Head pressing
Heart valve dysplasia
Hookworm infection
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Leishmaniasis
Luxating patella
Lyme disease
Lymphocytopenia
Mastocytoma
Miliary dermatitis
Otitis externa in animals
Paragonimus
Polyneuropathy in dogs and cats
Portosystemic shunt
Protothecosis
Pseudorabies (Morbus Aujeszky), originating from swine
Psychogenic alopecia
Pyometra
Rabies
Retinitis pigmentosa
Rickettsia felis
Salmonellosis
Tetanus
Thelaziasis
Toxocara cati
Toxocariasis
Toxoplasma gondii
Tritrichomonas blagburni
Tyzzer's disease
Vaccine-associated sarcoma
Cat Eye SyndromeETDF50,410,620,7500,17500,87500,479500,662710,749000,988900Genetic disorder causing lower GI, cardiac, kidney, skeletal, intellectual and other problems.
Cat Scratch FeverXTRA364,379,634,645,654,696,716,786,840,842,844,846,848,850,857,967,1518,6878Regional lymphadenopathy caused by Bartonella spp. after cat bite or scratch. Also use Bartonella.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cat Scratch Fever :
Cat Scratch fever - Cat Scratch Disease- Bartonella henselae (pleomorphic G-)
Cat VirusCAFL364,379,645,654,786,840,841,842,843,844,845,847,848,849,857,946,967,6878Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is an upper respiratory infection caused by the feline herpesvirus. This virus is the second of the two important viruses causing respiratory infections in cats (FCV being the first one). FVR is very contagious and it can cause severe disease, such as lethal pneumonia in kittens.
CatahuaXTRA422.578Experimental. Powerful medicinal herb from the Amazon rain-forest, courtesy of a shaman friend of Spooky2.
CataractCAFL728,784,787,800,880,10000Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract - adult. The lens of the eye is normally clear. It acts like the lens on a camera, focusing light as it passes to the back of the eye. Until a person is around age 45, the shape of the lens is able to change. This allows the lens to focus on an object, whether it is close or far away. As a person ages, proteins in the lens begin to break down. As a result, the lens becomes cloudy. What the eye sees may appear blurry. This condition is known as a cataract. Factors that may speed cataract formation are: Diabetes Eye inflammation Eye injury Family history of cataracts Long-term use of corticosteroids (taken by mouth) or certain other medicines Radiation exposure Smoking Surgery for another eye problem Too much exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) In many cases, the cause of cataract is unknown. Cataract - close-up of the eye.
Cataract Watch this video about: Cataract Cataracts develop slowly and painlessly. Vision in the affected eye slowly gets worse. Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60. But it may not cause any vision problems. By age 75, most people have cataracts that affect their vision. Problems with seeing may include: Being sensitive to glare Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision Difficulty seeing at night or in dim light Double vision Loss of color intensity Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors Seeing halos around lights Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions Cataracts lead to decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, though one eye may be worse than the other. Often there are only mild vision changes.
A standard eye exam and slit-lamp examination are used to diagnose cataracts. Other tests are rarely needed, except to rule out other causes of poor vision. Slit-lamp exam.
For early cataract, the eye doctor (ophthalmologist) may recommend the following: Change in eyeglass prescription Better lighting Magnifying lenses Sunglasses As vision gets worse, you may need to make changes around the home to avoid falls and injuries. The only treatment for a cataract is surgery to remove it. If a cataract is not making it hard for you to see, surgery is usually not necessary. Cataracts usually do not harm the eye, so you can have surgery when you and your eye doctor decide it is right for you. Surgery is usually recommended when you can't do normal activities such as driving, reading, or looking at computer or video screens, even with glasses. Some people may have other eye problems, such as diabetic retinopathy , that can't be treated without first having cataract surgery. .
Vision may not improve to 20/20 after cataract surgery if other eye diseases, such as macular degeneration , are present. The eye doctor can often determine this in advance.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing permanent vision problems. Although rare, a cataract that goes on to an advanced stage (called a hypermature cataract) can begin to leak into other parts of the eye. This may cause a painful form of glaucoma and inflammation inside the eye.
Call for an appointment with your eye care professional if you have: Decreased night vision Problems with glare Vision loss.
The best prevention involves controlling diseases that increase the risk of a cataract. Avoiding exposure to things that promote cataract formation can also help. For example, if you smoke, now is the time to quit. Also, when outdoors, wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
Lens opacity; Age-related cataract; Vision loss - cataract.
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Tipperman R. Cataracts.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract removal. Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure. This means you likely do not have to stay overnight at a hospital. The surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist. This is a medical doctor who specializes in eye diseases and eye surgery. Adults are usually awake for the procedure. Numbing medicine (local anesthesia) is given using eyedrops or a shot. This blocks pain. You will also get medicine to help you relax. Children usually receive general anesthesia. This is medicine that puts them into a deep sleep so that they are unable to feel pain. The doctor uses a special microscope to view the eye. A small cut (incision) is made in the eye. The lens is removed in one of the following ways, depending on the type of cataract: Phacoemulsification: With this procedure, the doctor uses a tool that produces sound waves to break up the cataract into small pieces. The pieces are then suctioned out. This procedure uses a very small incision. Extracapsular extraction: The doctor uses a small tool to remove the cataract in mostly one piece. This procedure uses a larger incision. Laser surgery: The doctor guides a machine that uses laser energy to make the incisions and soften the cataract. The rest of the surgery is much like phacoemulsification. Using the laser instead of a knife (scalpel) may speed recovery and be more accurate. After the cataract is removed, a manmade lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL), is usually placed into the eye to restore the focusing power of the old lens (cataract). It helps improve your vision. The doctor may close the incision with very small stitches. Usually, a self-sealing (sutureless) method is used. If you have stitches, they may need to be removed later. The surgery lasts less than half an hour. Most times, just one eye is done. If you have cataracts in both eyes, your doctor may suggest waiting at least 1 to 2 weeks between each surgery.
The normal lens of the eye is clear (transparent). As a cataract develops, the lens becomes cloudy. This blocks light from entering your eye. Without enough light, you cannot see as clearly. Cataracts are painless. They are most often seen in older adults. Sometimes, children are born with them. Cataract surgery is usually done if you cannot see well enough because of cataracts. Cataracts usually do not damage your eye, so you and your eye doctor can decide when surgery is right for you.
In rare cases, the entire lens cannot be removed. If this happens, a procedure to remove all of the lens fragments will be done at a later time. Afterward, vision can still be improved. Very rare complications can include infection and bleeding. This can lead to permanent vision problems.
Before surgery, you will have a complete eye exam and eye tests by the ophthalmologist. The doctor will use ultrasound or a laser scanning device to measure your eye. These tests help determine the best IOL for you. Usually, the doctor will try to choose an IOL that can allow you to see without glasses or contact lenses after surgery. Be sure you understand what your vision will be like after the IOL is implanted. Also, be sure to ask questions so that you will know what to expect of the surgery. Your doctor may prescribe eyedrops before the surgery. Follow instructions exactly on how to use the drops.
Before you go home, you may receive the following: A patch to wear over your eye until the follow-up exam Eyedrops to prevent infection, treat inflammation, and help with healing You will need to have someone drive you home after surgery. You will usually have a follow-up exam with your doctor the next day. If you had stitches, you will need to make an appointment to have them removed. Tips for recovering after cataract surgery: Wear dark sunglasses outside after you remove the patch. Wash your hands well before and after using eyedrops and touching your eye. Try not to get soap and water in your eye when you are bathing or showering for the first few days. Light activities are best as you recover. Check with your doctor before doing any strenuous activity, resuming sexual activity, or driving. Recovery takes about 2 weeks. If you need new glasses or contact lenses, you can usually have them fitted at that time. Keep your follow-up visit with your doctor.
Most people do well and recover quickly after cataract surgery. If a person has other eye problems, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration , the surgery may be more difficult or the outcome may not be as good.
Cataract extraction; Cataract surgery.
Bathroom safety for adults Cataracts - what to ask your doctor Preventing falls Preventing falls - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract Cataract Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. Updated October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Bowling B. Lens.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor. What is a cataract? How will cataract surgery help my vision? If I have cataracts in both eyes, can I have surgery on both eyes at the same time? How long after surgery before I notice my vision is better? Will I still need glasses after surgery? For distance? For reading? How do I get ready for surgery? When do I need to stop eating and drinking before surgery? Should I have a checkup with my regular provider before surgery? Do I need to stop taking or change any of my medicines? What else do I need to bring with me on the day of surgery? What happens during cataract surgery? How long will the surgery take? What type of anesthesia will I have? Will I feel any pain during the surgery? How do the doctors make sure I won't move during cataract surgery? Is the cataract removed with a laser? Will I need a lens implant? Are there different types of lens implants? What are the risks of cataract surgery? What happens after cataract surgery? Will I have to spend the night in the hospital? How long will I need to spend at the surgical center? Will I have to wear an eye patch? Will I need to take eye drops? Can I shower or bathe at home? What activities can I do while I recover? When will I be able to drive? When can I be sexually active? Do I need to see the doctor for a follow-up visit? If so, when?.
What to ask your doctor about cataracts; Lens implants - what to ask your doctor.
Cataract Cataract.
Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ophthmalogy.
CataractETDF30,410,15190,87500,122060,312330,532410,655200,750000,927100Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract - adult. The lens of the eye is normally clear. It acts like the lens on a camera, focusing light as it passes to the back of the eye. Until a person is around age 45, the shape of the lens is able to change. This allows the lens to focus on an object, whether it is close or far away. As a person ages, proteins in the lens begin to break down. As a result, the lens becomes cloudy. What the eye sees may appear blurry. This condition is known as a cataract. Factors that may speed cataract formation are: Diabetes Eye inflammation Eye injury Family history of cataracts Long-term use of corticosteroids (taken by mouth) or certain other medicines Radiation exposure Smoking Surgery for another eye problem Too much exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) In many cases, the cause of cataract is unknown. Cataract - close-up of the eye.
Cataract Watch this video about: Cataract Cataracts develop slowly and painlessly. Vision in the affected eye slowly gets worse. Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60. But it may not cause any vision problems. By age 75, most people have cataracts that affect their vision. Problems with seeing may include: Being sensitive to glare Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision Difficulty seeing at night or in dim light Double vision Loss of color intensity Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors Seeing halos around lights Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions Cataracts lead to decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, though one eye may be worse than the other. Often there are only mild vision changes.
A standard eye exam and slit-lamp examination are used to diagnose cataracts. Other tests are rarely needed, except to rule out other causes of poor vision. Slit-lamp exam.
For early cataract, the eye doctor (ophthalmologist) may recommend the following: Change in eyeglass prescription Better lighting Magnifying lenses Sunglasses As vision gets worse, you may need to make changes around the home to avoid falls and injuries. The only treatment for a cataract is surgery to remove it. If a cataract is not making it hard for you to see, surgery is usually not necessary. Cataracts usually do not harm the eye, so you can have surgery when you and your eye doctor decide it is right for you. Surgery is usually recommended when you can't do normal activities such as driving, reading, or looking at computer or video screens, even with glasses. Some people may have other eye problems, such as diabetic retinopathy , that can't be treated without first having cataract surgery. .
Vision may not improve to 20/20 after cataract surgery if other eye diseases, such as macular degeneration , are present. The eye doctor can often determine this in advance.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing permanent vision problems. Although rare, a cataract that goes on to an advanced stage (called a hypermature cataract) can begin to leak into other parts of the eye. This may cause a painful form of glaucoma and inflammation inside the eye.
Call for an appointment with your eye care professional if you have: Decreased night vision Problems with glare Vision loss.
The best prevention involves controlling diseases that increase the risk of a cataract. Avoiding exposure to things that promote cataract formation can also help. For example, if you smoke, now is the time to quit. Also, when outdoors, wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
Lens opacity; Age-related cataract; Vision loss - cataract.
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Tipperman R. Cataracts.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract removal. Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure. This means you likely do not have to stay overnight at a hospital. The surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist. This is a medical doctor who specializes in eye diseases and eye surgery. Adults are usually awake for the procedure. Numbing medicine (local anesthesia) is given using eyedrops or a shot. This blocks pain. You will also get medicine to help you relax. Children usually receive general anesthesia. This is medicine that puts them into a deep sleep so that they are unable to feel pain. The doctor uses a special microscope to view the eye. A small cut (incision) is made in the eye. The lens is removed in one of the following ways, depending on the type of cataract: Phacoemulsification: With this procedure, the doctor uses a tool that produces sound waves to break up the cataract into small pieces. The pieces are then suctioned out. This procedure uses a very small incision. Extracapsular extraction: The doctor uses a small tool to remove the cataract in mostly one piece. This procedure uses a larger incision. Laser surgery: The doctor guides a machine that uses laser energy to make the incisions and soften the cataract. The rest of the surgery is much like phacoemulsification. Using the laser instead of a knife (scalpel) may speed recovery and be more accurate. After the cataract is removed, a manmade lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL), is usually placed into the eye to restore the focusing power of the old lens (cataract). It helps improve your vision. The doctor may close the incision with very small stitches. Usually, a self-sealing (sutureless) method is used. If you have stitches, they may need to be removed later. The surgery lasts less than half an hour. Most times, just one eye is done. If you have cataracts in both eyes, your doctor may suggest waiting at least 1 to 2 weeks between each surgery.
The normal lens of the eye is clear (transparent). As a cataract develops, the lens becomes cloudy. This blocks light from entering your eye. Without enough light, you cannot see as clearly. Cataracts are painless. They are most often seen in older adults. Sometimes, children are born with them. Cataract surgery is usually done if you cannot see well enough because of cataracts. Cataracts usually do not damage your eye, so you and your eye doctor can decide when surgery is right for you.
In rare cases, the entire lens cannot be removed. If this happens, a procedure to remove all of the lens fragments will be done at a later time. Afterward, vision can still be improved. Very rare complications can include infection and bleeding. This can lead to permanent vision problems.
Before surgery, you will have a complete eye exam and eye tests by the ophthalmologist. The doctor will use ultrasound or a laser scanning device to measure your eye. These tests help determine the best IOL for you. Usually, the doctor will try to choose an IOL that can allow you to see without glasses or contact lenses after surgery. Be sure you understand what your vision will be like after the IOL is implanted. Also, be sure to ask questions so that you will know what to expect of the surgery. Your doctor may prescribe eyedrops before the surgery. Follow instructions exactly on how to use the drops.
Before you go home, you may receive the following: A patch to wear over your eye until the follow-up exam Eyedrops to prevent infection, treat inflammation, and help with healing You will need to have someone drive you home after surgery. You will usually have a follow-up exam with your doctor the next day. If you had stitches, you will need to make an appointment to have them removed. Tips for recovering after cataract surgery: Wear dark sunglasses outside after you remove the patch. Wash your hands well before and after using eyedrops and touching your eye. Try not to get soap and water in your eye when you are bathing or showering for the first few days. Light activities are best as you recover. Check with your doctor before doing any strenuous activity, resuming sexual activity, or driving. Recovery takes about 2 weeks. If you need new glasses or contact lenses, you can usually have them fitted at that time. Keep your follow-up visit with your doctor.
Most people do well and recover quickly after cataract surgery. If a person has other eye problems, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration , the surgery may be more difficult or the outcome may not be as good.
Cataract extraction; Cataract surgery.
Bathroom safety for adults Cataracts - what to ask your doctor Preventing falls Preventing falls - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract Cataract Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. Updated October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Bowling B. Lens.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor. What is a cataract? How will cataract surgery help my vision? If I have cataracts in both eyes, can I have surgery on both eyes at the same time? How long after surgery before I notice my vision is better? Will I still need glasses after surgery? For distance? For reading? How do I get ready for surgery? When do I need to stop eating and drinking before surgery? Should I have a checkup with my regular provider before surgery? Do I need to stop taking or change any of my medicines? What else do I need to bring with me on the day of surgery? What happens during cataract surgery? How long will the surgery take? What type of anesthesia will I have? Will I feel any pain during the surgery? How do the doctors make sure I won't move during cataract surgery? Is the cataract removed with a laser? Will I need a lens implant? Are there different types of lens implants? What are the risks of cataract surgery? What happens after cataract surgery? Will I have to spend the night in the hospital? How long will I need to spend at the surgical center? Will I have to wear an eye patch? Will I need to take eye drops? Can I shower or bathe at home? What activities can I do while I recover? When will I be able to drive? When can I be sexually active? Do I need to see the doctor for a follow-up visit? If so, when?.
What to ask your doctor about cataracts; Lens implants - what to ask your doctor.
Cataract Cataract.
Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ophthmalogy.
CataractXTRA20,160,350,360,400,666,727,728,740,784,790,880,1335,1552,1600,1654,2010,2110,2187,2195,2211,5000,10000Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract - adult. The lens of the eye is normally clear. It acts like the lens on a camera, focusing light as it passes to the back of the eye. Until a person is around age 45, the shape of the lens is able to change. This allows the lens to focus on an object, whether it is close or far away. As a person ages, proteins in the lens begin to break down. As a result, the lens becomes cloudy. What the eye sees may appear blurry. This condition is known as a cataract. Factors that may speed cataract formation are: Diabetes Eye inflammation Eye injury Family history of cataracts Long-term use of corticosteroids (taken by mouth) or certain other medicines Radiation exposure Smoking Surgery for another eye problem Too much exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) In many cases, the cause of cataract is unknown. Cataract - close-up of the eye.
Cataract Watch this video about: Cataract Cataracts develop slowly and painlessly. Vision in the affected eye slowly gets worse. Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60. But it may not cause any vision problems. By age 75, most people have cataracts that affect their vision. Problems with seeing may include: Being sensitive to glare Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision Difficulty seeing at night or in dim light Double vision Loss of color intensity Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors Seeing halos around lights Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions Cataracts lead to decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, though one eye may be worse than the other. Often there are only mild vision changes.
A standard eye exam and slit-lamp examination are used to diagnose cataracts. Other tests are rarely needed, except to rule out other causes of poor vision. Slit-lamp exam.
For early cataract, the eye doctor (ophthalmologist) may recommend the following: Change in eyeglass prescription Better lighting Magnifying lenses Sunglasses As vision gets worse, you may need to make changes around the home to avoid falls and injuries. The only treatment for a cataract is surgery to remove it. If a cataract is not making it hard for you to see, surgery is usually not necessary. Cataracts usually do not harm the eye, so you can have surgery when you and your eye doctor decide it is right for you. Surgery is usually recommended when you can't do normal activities such as driving, reading, or looking at computer or video screens, even with glasses. Some people may have other eye problems, such as diabetic retinopathy , that can't be treated without first having cataract surgery. .
Vision may not improve to 20/20 after cataract surgery if other eye diseases, such as macular degeneration , are present. The eye doctor can often determine this in advance.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing permanent vision problems. Although rare, a cataract that goes on to an advanced stage (called a hypermature cataract) can begin to leak into other parts of the eye. This may cause a painful form of glaucoma and inflammation inside the eye.
Call for an appointment with your eye care professional if you have: Decreased night vision Problems with glare Vision loss.
The best prevention involves controlling diseases that increase the risk of a cataract. Avoiding exposure to things that promote cataract formation can also help. For example, if you smoke, now is the time to quit. Also, when outdoors, wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
Lens opacity; Age-related cataract; Vision loss - cataract.
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Tipperman R. Cataracts.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataract removal. Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure. This means you likely do not have to stay overnight at a hospital. The surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist. This is a medical doctor who specializes in eye diseases and eye surgery. Adults are usually awake for the procedure. Numbing medicine (local anesthesia) is given using eyedrops or a shot. This blocks pain. You will also get medicine to help you relax. Children usually receive general anesthesia. This is medicine that puts them into a deep sleep so that they are unable to feel pain. The doctor uses a special microscope to view the eye. A small cut (incision) is made in the eye. The lens is removed in one of the following ways, depending on the type of cataract: Phacoemulsification: With this procedure, the doctor uses a tool that produces sound waves to break up the cataract into small pieces. The pieces are then suctioned out. This procedure uses a very small incision. Extracapsular extraction: The doctor uses a small tool to remove the cataract in mostly one piece. This procedure uses a larger incision. Laser surgery: The doctor guides a machine that uses laser energy to make the incisions and soften the cataract. The rest of the surgery is much like phacoemulsification. Using the laser instead of a knife (scalpel) may speed recovery and be more accurate. After the cataract is removed, a manmade lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL), is usually placed into the eye to restore the focusing power of the old lens (cataract). It helps improve your vision. The doctor may close the incision with very small stitches. Usually, a self-sealing (sutureless) method is used. If you have stitches, they may need to be removed later. The surgery lasts less than half an hour. Most times, just one eye is done. If you have cataracts in both eyes, your doctor may suggest waiting at least 1 to 2 weeks between each surgery.
The normal lens of the eye is clear (transparent). As a cataract develops, the lens becomes cloudy. This blocks light from entering your eye. Without enough light, you cannot see as clearly. Cataracts are painless. They are most often seen in older adults. Sometimes, children are born with them. Cataract surgery is usually done if you cannot see well enough because of cataracts. Cataracts usually do not damage your eye, so you and your eye doctor can decide when surgery is right for you.
In rare cases, the entire lens cannot be removed. If this happens, a procedure to remove all of the lens fragments will be done at a later time. Afterward, vision can still be improved. Very rare complications can include infection and bleeding. This can lead to permanent vision problems.
Before surgery, you will have a complete eye exam and eye tests by the ophthalmologist. The doctor will use ultrasound or a laser scanning device to measure your eye. These tests help determine the best IOL for you. Usually, the doctor will try to choose an IOL that can allow you to see without glasses or contact lenses after surgery. Be sure you understand what your vision will be like after the IOL is implanted. Also, be sure to ask questions so that you will know what to expect of the surgery. Your doctor may prescribe eyedrops before the surgery. Follow instructions exactly on how to use the drops.
Before you go home, you may receive the following: A patch to wear over your eye until the follow-up exam Eyedrops to prevent infection, treat inflammation, and help with healing You will need to have someone drive you home after surgery. You will usually have a follow-up exam with your doctor the next day. If you had stitches, you will need to make an appointment to have them removed. Tips for recovering after cataract surgery: Wear dark sunglasses outside after you remove the patch. Wash your hands well before and after using eyedrops and touching your eye. Try not to get soap and water in your eye when you are bathing or showering for the first few days. Light activities are best as you recover. Check with your doctor before doing any strenuous activity, resuming sexual activity, or driving. Recovery takes about 2 weeks. If you need new glasses or contact lenses, you can usually have them fitted at that time. Keep your follow-up visit with your doctor.
Most people do well and recover quickly after cataract surgery. If a person has other eye problems, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration , the surgery may be more difficult or the outcome may not be as good.
Cataract extraction; Cataract surgery.
Bathroom safety for adults Cataracts - what to ask your doctor Preventing falls Preventing falls - what to ask your doctor.
Eye Eye Slit-lamp exam Slit-lamp exam Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract - close-up of the eye Cataract Cataract Cataract surgery - series Cataract surgery - series.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2016. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2016. Updated October 2016. Accessed November 17, 2017. Bowling B. Lens.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cataract :
Cataracts - what to ask your doctor. What is a cataract? How will cataract surgery help my vision? If I have cataracts in both eyes, can I have surgery on both eyes at the same time? How long after surgery before I notice my vision is better? Will I still need glasses after surgery? For distance? For reading? How do I get ready for surgery? When do I need to stop eating and drinking before surgery? Should I have a checkup with my regular provider before surgery? Do I need to stop taking or change any of my medicines? What else do I need to bring with me on the day of surgery? What happens during cataract surgery? How long will the surgery take? What type of anesthesia will I have? Will I feel any pain during the surgery? How do the doctors make sure I won't move during cataract surgery? Is the cataract removed with a laser? Will I need a lens implant? Are there different types of lens implants? What are the risks of cataract surgery? What happens after cataract surgery? Will I have to spend the night in the hospital? How long will I need to spend at the surgical center? Will I have to wear an eye patch? Will I need to take eye drops? Can I shower or bathe at home? What activities can I do while I recover? When will I be able to drive? When can I be sexually active? Do I need to see the doctor for a follow-up visit? If so, when?.
What to ask your doctor about cataracts; Lens implants - what to ask your doctor.
Cataract Cataract.
Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ophthmalogy.
Cataract 1CAFL1830,1600,9999,1552,2110,1335,1654,2187,2195,2211Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
Cataract 1XTRA728,784,787,880,1335,1600,1654,1552,1830,2110,2187,2195,2211Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
Cataract 3XTRA0.29,9.09,30,292,1335,1552,1600,1654,1830,2110,2187,2195,2211,9999Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
Cataract BrunescentCAFL2010,1335,1830Clouding of lens of eye. Brown opacity in later life. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
Cataract ComplicatedXTRA325,496,774,1830Clouding of lens of eye. Secondary type caused by disease, degeneration, or surgery. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
Cataract General 1CAFL325,496,728,774,784,787,800,880,1335,1552,1600,1654,1830,2010,2187,2195,2211,10000Clouding of lens of eye. Also see Eye and Eyes programs.
CatarrhCAFL1550,802,800,880,787,727,444,20Inflammation of mucous membranes causing thick mucus exudate.
Throat
CatarrhRIFE1800000,1713100Inflammation of mucous membranes causing thick mucus exudate.
Catarrh 1XTRA20,380,444,660,690,727.5,787,800,802,880,1550,1865Inflammation of mucous membranes causing thick mucus exudate.
Catarrh 4XTRA175,13383.59,14062.5Inflammation of mucous membranes causing thick mucus exudate.
CatheterizationETDF110,570,800,5170,15000,229320,512330,653690,753070,919340Cardiac catheterization (cardiac cath or heart cath) is a procedure to examine how well your heart is working. A thin, hollow tube called a catheter is inserted into a large blood vessel that leads to your heart.
Cattle DiseasesETDF120,550,850,72500,125750,375190,477500,527000,667000,752700Common Cattle Diseases
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC)
Clostridial Disease, or Blackleg
BRSV (Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
BVD (Bovine Viral Diarrhea)
Haemophilus Somnus.
IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis)
PI3 (Parainfluenza Type 3)
Pasteurella Haemolytica and Pasteurella Multocida.
CausalgiaETDF110,570,800,62500,96500,210500,475000,667000,742000,988900Also called Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy. Severe pain, swelling, and skin changes in parts or all of the body.
CausticumBIO540,1013Homeopathic remedy.
Cavernitis FibrousETDF40,570,620,950,7500,295540,487500,605720,723820,935420Also called Peyronie's Disease and Penile Induration. Abnormal curvature of penis.
Cavus DeformityETDF920,32750,150010,293700,329050,415840,423470,472120,512140,629900Also called Pes Cavus. Type of foot deformity.
Celiac DiseaseETDF120,550,850,2500,20000,47500,72500,125170,379930,475190Also spelled Coeliac. Autoimmune disorder of small intestine due to gluten proteins. See Caeliacia and Coeliacia.

Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations. To follow a gluten-free diet means, you need to avoid all foods, drinks, and medicines made with gluten. This means not eating anything made with barley, rye, and wheat. All items made with all-purpose, white, or wheat flour are prohibited. FOODS YOU CAN EAT Beans Cereals made without wheat or barley malt Corn Fruits and vegetables Meat, poultry, and fish (not breaded or made with regular gravies) Milk-based items Gluten-free oats Potatoes Rice Gluten-free products such as crackers, pasta, and breads Obvious sources of gluten include: Breaded foods Breads, bagels, croissants, and buns Cakes, donuts, and pies Cereals (most) Crackers and many snacks bought at the store, such as potato chips and tortilla chips Gravy Pancakes and waffles Pasta and pizza (other than gluten-free pasta and pizza crust) Soups (most) Stuffing Less obvious foods that must be eliminated include: Beer Candies (some) Cold cuts, hot dogs, salami or sausage Communion breads Croutons Some marinades, sauces, soy, and teriyaki sauces Salad dressings (some) Self-basting turkey There is a risk for cross-contamination. Items that are naturally gluten-free may become contaminated if they are made on the same production line, or moved together in the same place, as foods containing gluten. Eating at restaurants, work, school, and social gatherings can be challenging. Call ahead and plan. Due to the widespread use of wheat and barley in foods, it is important to read labels before buying food or eating. Despite its challenges, maintaining a healthy, balanced diet is possible with education and planning.
Talk to a registered dietitian who specializes in celiac disease and the gluten-free diet to help you plan your diet. You may also want to join a local support group. These groups can help people with celiac disease share practical advice on ingredients, baking, and ways to cope with this life-altering, lifelong disease. Your health care provider might you take a multivitamin and mineral or an individual nutrient supplement to correct or prevent a deficiency.
Gluten-free diet; Gluten sensitive enteropathy - diet; Celiac sprue - diet.
Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Celiac sprue - foods to avoid.
Kelly CP. Celiac disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - resources. Resources - celiac disease.
Support group counselors Support group counselors.


Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - sprue. The exact cause of celiac disease is not known. The lining of the intestines have small areas called villi which project outward into the opening of the intestine. These structures help absorb nutrients. When people with celiac disease eat foods with gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the villi. Because of the damage, the villi are unable to properly absorb iron, vitamins, and other nutrients. This may cause a number of symptoms and other health problems. The disease can develop at any point in life, from infancy to late adulthood. People who have a family member with celiac disease are at greater risk of developing the disease. The disorder is most common in Europeans. Women are affected more often than men. People with celiac disease are more likely to have: Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus , and Sjogren syndrome Addison disease Down syndrome Intestinal cancer Intestinal lymphoma Lactose intolerance Thyroid disease Type 1 diabetes.
The symptoms of celiac disease can be different from person to person. This can make diagnosis difficult. For example, one person may have constipation, a second may have diarrhea, and a third may have no problem with stools. Gastrointestinal symptoms include: Abdominal pain , bloating, gas, or indigestion Constipation Decreased appetite (may also be increased or unchanged) Diarrhea , either constant or off and on Lactose intolerance (common when the person is diagnosed, often goes away after treatment) Nausea and vomiting Stools that are foul smelling, oily, or stick to the toilet when flushed Unexplained weight loss (although people can be overweight or normal weight) Other problems that can develop over time because the intestines do not absorb key nutrients include: Easy bruising Depression or anxiety Fatigue Growth delay in children Hair loss Itchy skin with a rash ( dermatitis herpetiformis ) Missed menstrual periods Mouth ulcers Muscle cramps and joint pain Nosebleeds Seizures Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet Unexplained short height Children with celiac disease may have: Defects in the tooth enamel and changes in tooth color Delayed puberty Muscle wasting Diarrhea, constipation, fatty or foul-smelling stools, nausea, or vomiting Irritable and fussy behavior Poor weight gain Slowed growth and shorter than normal height for their age.
The following tests may be performed: Bone density Cholesterol (may be low) Complete blood count ( CBC - test for anemia) Comprehensive metabolic panel Folate level (serum) Iron level (serum) Ferritin level Prothrombin time Vitamin B12 level (serum) Vitamin D level Blood tests can detect antibodies, called antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) or anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) which may help detect the condition. The health care provider will order these antibody tests if celiac disease is suspected. If the tests are positive, upper endoscopy is often performed to sample a piece of tissue (biopsy) from the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The biopsy may show a flattening or loss of the villi in the parts of the intestine affected in the duodenum. Genetic testing of the blood can also be done to help detect who may be at risk for celiac disease. Those who test negative for the common genetic variant are unlikely to have celiac disease. A follow-up biopsy or blood test may be ordered several months after the diagnosis and treatment. These tests assess how well treatment is working. Normal results mean that you have responded to treatment. This confirms the diagnosis. However, this does not mean that the disease has been cured.
Celiac disease cannot be cured. Your symptoms will go away and the villi in the intestines will heal if you follow a lifelong gluten-free diet. Do not eat foods, drink beverages, or take medicines that contain wheat, barley, rye, and possibly oats. You must read food and drug labels carefully to look ingredients that may include these grains. It may be hard to stick to a gluten-free diet because wheat and barley grains are common in the American diet. Over time, most people are able to adapt and get better. You should NOT begin the gluten-free diet before you are diagnosed. Starting the diet will affect testing for the disease. In most cases, following a well-balanced, gluten-free diet is the only treatment you need to stay well. Your health care provider may need to prescribe vitamin and mineral supplements. Sometimes, short-term use of corticosteroids (such as prednisone) may be needed if sprue does not respond to treatment. When you are diagnosed, get help from a registered dietitian who specializes in celiac disease and the gluten-free diet. A support group may also help you cope with the disease and diet.
Following a gluten-free diet heals the damage to the intestines and prevents further damage. This healing most often occurs within 3 to 6 months in children. Recovery may take 2 to 3 years in adults. Rarely, long-term damage will be done to the lining of the intestines before the diagnosis is made. Some problems caused by celiac disease may not improve, such as a short height and damage to the teeth.
You must carefully continue to follow the gluten-free diet. When untreated, the disease can cause fatal complications. Delaying diagnosis or not following the diet puts you at risk for related conditions such as: Autoimmune disorders Bone disease ( osteoporosis , kyphoscoliosis , fractures) Certain types of intestinal cancer Low blood count ( anemia ) Infertility or repeated miscarriage Liver disease.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of celiac disease.
Because the exact cause is not known, there is no way to prevent the development of celiac disease. However, you should try to be aware of the risk factors such as family history. This may increase your chances of early diagnosis and treatment.
Sprue; Nontropical sprue; Gluten intolerance; Gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
Digestive system Digestive system Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the knee Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the knee Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the arm and legs Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the arm and legs Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Ferri FF. Celiac disease.
Celiac DiseaseXTRA2,3,4.17,5.12,39Also spelled Coeliac. Autoimmune disorder of small intestine due to gluten proteins. See Caeliacia and Coeliacia.

Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations. To follow a gluten-free diet means, you need to avoid all foods, drinks, and medicines made with gluten. This means not eating anything made with barley, rye, and wheat. All items made with all-purpose, white, or wheat flour are prohibited. FOODS YOU CAN EAT Beans Cereals made without wheat or barley malt Corn Fruits and vegetables Meat, poultry, and fish (not breaded or made with regular gravies) Milk-based items Gluten-free oats Potatoes Rice Gluten-free products such as crackers, pasta, and breads Obvious sources of gluten include: Breaded foods Breads, bagels, croissants, and buns Cakes, donuts, and pies Cereals (most) Crackers and many snacks bought at the store, such as potato chips and tortilla chips Gravy Pancakes and waffles Pasta and pizza (other than gluten-free pasta and pizza crust) Soups (most) Stuffing Less obvious foods that must be eliminated include: Beer Candies (some) Cold cuts, hot dogs, salami or sausage Communion breads Croutons Some marinades, sauces, soy, and teriyaki sauces Salad dressings (some) Self-basting turkey There is a risk for cross-contamination. Items that are naturally gluten-free may become contaminated if they are made on the same production line, or moved together in the same place, as foods containing gluten. Eating at restaurants, work, school, and social gatherings can be challenging. Call ahead and plan. Due to the widespread use of wheat and barley in foods, it is important to read labels before buying food or eating. Despite its challenges, maintaining a healthy, balanced diet is possible with education and planning.
Talk to a registered dietitian who specializes in celiac disease and the gluten-free diet to help you plan your diet. You may also want to join a local support group. These groups can help people with celiac disease share practical advice on ingredients, baking, and ways to cope with this life-altering, lifelong disease. Your health care provider might you take a multivitamin and mineral or an individual nutrient supplement to correct or prevent a deficiency.
Gluten-free diet; Gluten sensitive enteropathy - diet; Celiac sprue - diet.
Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Celiac sprue - foods to avoid.
Kelly CP. Celiac disease.

Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - resources. Resources - celiac disease.
Support group counselors Support group counselors.


Encyclopedia Entry for Celiac Disease :
Celiac disease - sprue. The exact cause of celiac disease is not known. The lining of the intestines have small areas called villi which project outward into the opening of the intestine. These structures help absorb nutrients. When people with celiac disease eat foods with gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the villi. Because of the damage, the villi are unable to properly absorb iron, vitamins, and other nutrients. This may cause a number of symptoms and other health problems. The disease can develop at any point in life, from infancy to late adulthood. People who have a family member with celiac disease are at greater risk of developing the disease. The disorder is most common in Europeans. Women are affected more often than men. People with celiac disease are more likely to have: Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus , and Sjogren syndrome Addison disease Down syndrome Intestinal cancer Intestinal lymphoma Lactose intolerance Thyroid disease Type 1 diabetes.
The symptoms of celiac disease can be different from person to person. This can make diagnosis difficult. For example, one person may have constipation, a second may have diarrhea, and a third may have no problem with stools. Gastrointestinal symptoms include: Abdominal pain , bloating, gas, or indigestion Constipation Decreased appetite (may also be increased or unchanged) Diarrhea , either constant or off and on Lactose intolerance (common when the person is diagnosed, often goes away after treatment) Nausea and vomiting Stools that are foul smelling, oily, or stick to the toilet when flushed Unexplained weight loss (although people can be overweight or normal weight) Other problems that can develop over time because the intestines do not absorb key nutrients include: Easy bruising Depression or anxiety Fatigue Growth delay in children Hair loss Itchy skin with a rash ( dermatitis herpetiformis ) Missed menstrual periods Mouth ulcers Muscle cramps and joint pain Nosebleeds Seizures Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet Unexplained short height Children with celiac disease may have: Defects in the tooth enamel and changes in tooth color Delayed puberty Muscle wasting Diarrhea, constipation, fatty or foul-smelling stools, nausea, or vomiting Irritable and fussy behavior Poor weight gain Slowed growth and shorter than normal height for their age.
The following tests may be performed: Bone density Cholesterol (may be low) Complete blood count ( CBC - test for anemia) Comprehensive metabolic panel Folate level (serum) Iron level (serum) Ferritin level Prothrombin time Vitamin B12 level (serum) Vitamin D level Blood tests can detect antibodies, called antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) or anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) which may help detect the condition. The health care provider will order these antibody tests if celiac disease is suspected. If the tests are positive, upper endoscopy is often performed to sample a piece of tissue (biopsy) from the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The biopsy may show a flattening or loss of the villi in the parts of the intestine affected in the duodenum. Genetic testing of the blood can also be done to help detect who may be at risk for celiac disease. Those who test negative for the common genetic variant are unlikely to have celiac disease. A follow-up biopsy or blood test may be ordered several months after the diagnosis and treatment. These tests assess how well treatment is working. Normal results mean that you have responded to treatment. This confirms the diagnosis. However, this does not mean that the disease has been cured.
Celiac disease cannot be cured. Your symptoms will go away and the villi in the intestines will heal if you follow a lifelong gluten-free diet. Do not eat foods, drink beverages, or take medicines that contain wheat, barley, rye, and possibly oats. You must read food and drug labels carefully to look ingredients that may include these grains. It may be hard to stick to a gluten-free diet because wheat and barley grains are common in the American diet. Over time, most people are able to adapt and get better. You should NOT begin the gluten-free diet before you are diagnosed. Starting the diet will affect testing for the disease. In most cases, following a well-balanced, gluten-free diet is the only treatment you need to stay well. Your health care provider may need to prescribe vitamin and mineral supplements. Sometimes, short-term use of corticosteroids (such as prednisone) may be needed if sprue does not respond to treatment. When you are diagnosed, get help from a registered dietitian who specializes in celiac disease and the gluten-free diet. A support group may also help you cope with the disease and diet.
Following a gluten-free diet heals the damage to the intestines and prevents further damage. This healing most often occurs within 3 to 6 months in children. Recovery may take 2 to 3 years in adults. Rarely, long-term damage will be done to the lining of the intestines before the diagnosis is made. Some problems caused by celiac disease may not improve, such as a short height and damage to the teeth.
You must carefully continue to follow the gluten-free diet. When untreated, the disease can cause fatal complications. Delaying diagnosis or not following the diet puts you at risk for related conditions such as: Autoimmune disorders Bone disease ( osteoporosis , kyphoscoliosis , fractures) Certain types of intestinal cancer Low blood count ( anemia ) Infertility or repeated miscarriage Liver disease.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of celiac disease.
Because the exact cause is not known, there is no way to prevent the development of celiac disease. However, you should try to be aware of the risk factors such as family history. This may increase your chances of early diagnosis and treatment.
Sprue; Nontropical sprue; Gluten intolerance; Gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
Digestive system Digestive system Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Celiac sprue - foods to avoid Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the knee Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the knee Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the arm and legs Dermatitis, herpetiformis on the arm and legs Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Ferri FF. Celiac disease.
Cells of LeydigCAFL2500Testosterone-producing cells in testicles.
Testicle
CellulitisETDF30,500,850,5120,7250,13930,147500,250000,425750,625000Bacterial deep skin infection, usually by Streptococci and Staphylococcus Aureus.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cellulitis :
Cellulitis. Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the most common causes of cellulitis. Normal skin has many types of bacteria living on it. When there is a break in the skin, these bacteria can cause a skin infection. Risk factors for cellulitis include: Cracks or peeling skin between the toes History of peripheral vascular disease Injury or trauma with a break in the skin (skin wounds) Insect bites and stings , animal bites, or human bites Ulcers from certain diseases, including diabetes and vascular disease Use of corticosteroid medicines or other drugs that suppress the immune system Wound from a recent surgery.
Symptoms of cellulitis include: Fever Pain or tenderness in the affected area Skin redness or inflammation that gets bigger as the infection spreads Skin sore or rash that starts suddenly, and grows quickly in the first 24 hours Tight, glossy, stretched appearance of the skin Warm skin in the area of redness Joint stiffness from swelling of the tissue over the joint Nausea and vomiting Signs of infection include any of the following: Chills or shaking Fatigue General ill feeling Muscle aches and pains Warm skin Sweating.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may reveal: Redness, warmth, and swelling of the skin Possible drainage, if there is a buildup of pus ( abscess ) with the skin infection Swollen glands (lymph nodes) near the affected area The provider may mark the edges of the redness with a pen, to see if the redness goes past the marked border over the next several days. Tests that may be ordered include: Blood culture Complete blood count ( CBC ) Culture of any fluid or material inside the affected area A biopsy may be done if other conditions are suspected.
You will likely be prescribed antibiotics to be taken by mouth. You may be given pain medicine as well, if needed. At home, raise the infected area higher than your heart to reduce swelling and speed up healing. Rest until your symptoms improve. You may need to stay in a hospital if: You are very sick (for example, you have a very high temperature, blood pressure problems, or nausea and vomiting that does not go away) You have been on antibiotics and the infection is getting worse (spreading beyond the original pen marking) Your immune system is not working well (due to cancer, HIV) You have an infection around your eyes You require antibiotics through a vein (IV).
Cellulitis usually goes away after taking antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. Longer treatment may be needed if cellulitis is more severe. This may occur if you have a chronic disease or your immune system is not working properly. People with fungal infections of the feet may have cellulitis that keeps coming back, especially if you have diabetes. Cracks in the skin from the fungal infection allow the bacteria to get into the skin.
The following may result if cellulitis isn't treated or treatment doesn't work: Blood infection (sepsis) Bone infection ( osteomyelitis ) Inflammation of the lymph vessels ( lymphangitis ) Inflammation of the heart ( endocarditis ) Infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ) Shock Tissue death ( gangrene ).
Call your provider right away if: You have symptoms of cellulitis You are being treated for cellulitis and you develop new symptoms, such as persistent fever, drowsiness, lethargy , blistering over the cellulitis, or red streaks that spread.
Protect your skin by: Keeping your skin moist with lotions or ointments to prevent cracking Wearing shoes that fit well and provide enough room for your feet Learning how to trim your nails to avoid harming the skin around them Wearing appropriate protective equipment when participating in work or sports Whenever you have a break in the skin: Clean the break carefully with soap and water. Apply an antibiotic cream or ointment every day. Cover with a bandage and change it every day until a scab forms. Watch for redness, pain, drainage, or other signs of infection.
Skin infection - bacterial; Group A streptococcus - cellulitis; Staphylococcus - cellulitis.
Cellulitis Cellulitis Cellulitis on the arm Cellulitis on the arm Periorbital cellulitis Periorbital cellulitis.
Heagerty AHM. Cellulitis and erysipelas.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cellulitis :
Cellulitis. Source of disease: usually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
CementomaETDF150,230,7500,11090,55750,96500,175190,477500,527000,667000Tumor on root of tooth, usually mandibular molar.
Central Cord SyndromeETDF100,500,87500,95000,225170,450000,522390,688290,712230,993410Most common form of cervical spine injury.
Central Core DiseaseETDF180,540,2630,6820,29830,58710,453280,589480,701200,812000Congenital muscle disorder. Anesthesia may be contraindicated.
Central Nervous System DiseasesETDF30,500,47500,150000,214350,325190,451170,517500,687620,992000Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS).
Every disease has different signs and symptoms. Some of them are persistent headache; pain in the face, back, arms, or legs; an inability to concentrate; loss of feeling; memory loss; loss of muscle strength; tremors; seizures; increased reflexes, spasticity, tics; paralysis; and slurred speech. One should seek medical attention if affected by these.
Central Nervous System InfectionsETDF30,500,47500,150000,214350,325190,451170,517500,687620,862000Infections of the nervous system are potential life-threatening and are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Prompt recognition and treatment of a central nervous system (CNS) infection is crucial for patient survival, as these infections have a high morbidity and mortality. CNS infections include meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscesses.
Central SporesHC372450-378650Bacteria produce a single endospore internally. The spore is sometimes surrounded by a thin covering known as the exosporium, which overlies the spore coat. The spore coat, which acts like a sieve that excludes large toxic molecules like lysozyme, is resistant to many toxic molecules and may also contain enzymes that are involved in germination. It is composed of keratin and other core specific proteins, which makes the endospore extremely hardy. The cortex lies beneath the spore coat and consists of peptidoglycan. The core wall lies beneath the cortex and surrounds the protoplast or core of the endospore. The core contains the spore chromosomal DNA which is encased in chromatin-like proteins known as SASPs (small acid-soluble spore proteins), that protect the spore DNA from UV radiation and heat. The core also contains normal cell structures, such as ribosomes and other enzymes, but is not metabolically active.
Central SporesXTRA923.21,932,938.58,11639.05,11750,11832.8Bacteria produce a single endospore internally. The spore is sometimes surrounded by a thin covering known as the exosporium, which overlies the spore coat. The spore coat, which acts like a sieve that excludes large toxic molecules like lysozyme, is resistant to many toxic molecules and may also contain enzymes that are involved in germination. It is composed of keratin and other core specific proteins, which makes the endospore extremely hardy. The cortex lies beneath the spore coat and consists of peptidoglycan. The core wall lies beneath the cortex and surrounds the protoplast or core of the endospore. The core contains the spore chromosomal DNA which is encased in chromatin-like proteins known as SASPs (small acid-soluble spore proteins), that protect the spore DNA from UV radiation and heat. The core also contains normal cell structures, such as ribosomes and other enzymes, but is not metabolically active.
CephalosporiumBIO481,3966Fungi that are the source of some broad-spectrum antibiotics.
CephalotheciumCAFL371,574,6933Also called Trichothecium Roseum. Plant pathogen.
Cerclage CervicalETDF150,230,7500,13610,96500,175000,500000,682450,753070,927100Surgical procedure for cervical incompetence.
Cerebellar AtaxiaETDF100,830,10890,2500,52500,87500,95190,214350,552590,719680Lack of coordination originating in the cerebellum.
Cerebral GigantismETDF80,350,2500,93500,234250,455820,515170,684810,712810,997870Also called Sotos Syndrome. Excessive physical growth in early years.
Cerebral HemorrhageETDF40,550,780,93500,210500,453720,515190,683000,712230,993410A brain hemorrhage is a type of stroke. It's caused by an artery in the brain bursting and causing localized bleeding in the surrounding tissues. This bleeding kills brain cells.
When blood from trauma irritates brain tissues, it causes swelling. This is known as cerebral edema. The pooled blood collects into a mass called a hematoma. These conditions increase pressure on nearby brain tissue, and that reduces vital blood flow and kills brain cells.
Bleeding can occur inside the brain, between the brain and the membranes that cover it, between the layers of the brain's covering or between the skull and the covering of the brain.
Cerebral PalsyCAFL880,787,727,522,146Group of movement, balance, and postural disorders that appears in early childhood.
Brain

Encyclopedia Entry for Cerebral Palsy :
Cerebral palsy - resources. Resources - cerebral palsy.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cerebral Palsy :
Cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is caused by injuries or abnormalities of the brain. Most of these problems occur as the baby grows in the womb. But they can happen at any time during the first 2 years of life, while the baby's brain is still developing. In some people with cerebral palsy, parts of the brain are injured due to a low level of oxygen ( hypoxia ) in those areas. It is not known why this occurs. Premature infants have a slightly higher risk of developing cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy may also occur during early infancy as a result of several conditions, including: Bleeding in the brain Brain infections ( encephalitis , meningitis , herpes simplex infections) Head injury Infections in the mother during pregnancy ( rubella ) Severe jaundice In some cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is never determined.
Symptoms of cerebral palsy can be very different between people with this group of disorders. Symptoms may: Be very mild or very severe Only involve one side of the body or both sides Be more pronounced in either the arms or legs, or involve both the arms and legs Symptoms are usually seen before a child is 2 years old. Sometimes symptoms begin as early as 3 months. Parents may notice that their child is delayed in reaching developmental stages such as sitting, rolling, crawling, or walking. There are several different types of cerebral palsy. Some people have a mix of symptoms. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type. Symptoms include: Muscles that are very tight and do not stretch. They may tighten even more over time. Abnormal walk (gait) -- arms tucked in toward the sides, knees crossed or touching, legs make 'scissors' movements, walk on the toes. Joints are tight and do not open all the way (called joint contracture). Muscle weakness or loss of movement in a group of muscles (paralysis). Symptoms may affect one arm or leg, one side of the body, both legs, or both arms and legs. The following symptoms may occur in other types of cerebral palsy: Abnormal movements (twisting, jerking, or writhing) of the hands, feet, arms, or legs while awake, which gets worse during periods of stress Tremors Unsteady gait Loss of coordination Floppy muscles, especially at rest, and joints that move around too much Other brain and nervous system symptoms may include: Learning disabilities are common, but intelligence can be normal Speech problems (dysarthria) Hearing or vision problems Seizures Pain, especially in adults, which can be difficult to manage Eating and digestion symptoms: Difficulty sucking or feeding in infants, or chewing and swallowing in older children and adults Vomiting or constipation Other symptoms: Increased drooling Slower than normal growth Irregular breathing Urinary incontinence.
The health care provider will perform a full neurologic exam. In older people, testing cognitive function is also important. Other tests may be performed as needed, most often to rule out other disorders: Blood tests CT scan of the head Electroencephalogram ( EEG ) Hearing screen MRI of the head Vision testing.
There is no cure for cerebral palsy. The goal of treatment is to help the person be as independent as possible. Treatment requires a team approach, including: Primary care doctor Dentist (dental check-ups are recommended around every 6 months) Social worker Nurses Occupational, physical, and speech therapists Other specialists, including a neurologist, rehabilitation physician, pulmonologist, and gastroenterologist Treatment is based on the person's symptoms and the need to prevent complications. Self and home care include: Getting enough food and nutrition Keeping the home safe Performing exercises recommended by the providers Practicing proper bowel care (stool softeners, fluids, fiber, laxatives, regular bowel habits) Protecting the joints from injury Putting the child in regular schools is recommended, unless physical disabilities or mental development makes this impossible. Special education or schooling may help. The following may help with communication and learning: Glasses Hearing aids Muscle and bone braces Walking aids Wheelchairs Physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthopedic help, or other treatments may also be needed to help with daily activities and care. Medicines may include: Anticonvulsants to prevent or reduce the frequency of seizures Botulinum toxin to help with spasticity and drooling Muscle relaxants to reduce tremors and spasticity Surgery may be needed in some cases to: Control gastroesophageal reflux Cut certain nerves from the spinal cord to help with pain and spasticity Place feeding tubes Release joint contractures.
Stress and burnout among parents and other caregivers of cerebral palsy patients is common. Seek support and more information from organizations that specialize in cerebral palsy.
Cerebral palsy is a life-long disorder. Long-term care may be required. The disorder does not affect expected length of life. The amount of disability varies. Many adults are able to live in the community, either independently or with different levels of help.
Cerebral palsy may lead to the following health problems: Bone thinning ( osteoporosis ) Bowel obstruction Hip dislocation and arthritis in the hip joint Injuries from falls Pressure sores Joint contractures Pneumonia caused by choking Poor nutrition Reduced communication skills (sometimes) Reduced intellect (sometimes) Scoliosis Seizures (in about half of the people who are affected by cerebral palsy) Social stigma.
Call your provider if symptoms of cerebral palsy develop, especially if you know that an injury occurred during birth or early infancy.
Getting the proper prenatal care may reduce the risk of some rare causes of cerebral palsy. In most cases though, the injury causing the disorder is not preventable. Pregnant mothers with certain medical conditions may need to be followed in a high-risk prenatal clinic.
Spastic paralysis; Paralysis - spastic; Spastic hemiplegia; Spastic diplegia; Spastic quadriplegia.
Enteral nutrition - child - managing problems Gastrostomy feeding tube - bolus Jejunostomy feeding tube.
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;583(9924):1240-1249. PMID: 24268104 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268104. Johnston MV. Encephalopathies.
Cerebral PalsyETDF60,320,20000,85750,150000,225000,222700,454500,515170,687620Group of movement, balance, and postural disorders that appears in early childhood.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cerebral Palsy :
Cerebral palsy - resources. Resources - cerebral palsy.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cerebral Palsy :
Cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is caused by injuries or abnormalities of the brain. Most of these problems occur as the baby grows in the womb. But they can happen at any time during the first 2 years of life, while the baby's brain is still developing. In some people with cerebral palsy, parts of the brain are injured due to a low level of oxygen ( hypoxia ) in those areas. It is not known why this occurs. Premature infants have a slightly higher risk of developing cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy may also occur during early infancy as a result of several conditions, including: Bleeding in the brain Brain infections ( encephalitis , meningitis , herpes simplex infections) Head injury Infections in the mother during pregnancy ( rubella ) Severe jaundice In some cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is never determined.
Symptoms of cerebral palsy can be very different between people with this group of disorders. Symptoms may: Be very mild or very severe Only involve one side of the body or both sides Be more pronounced in either the arms or legs, or involve both the arms and legs Symptoms are usually seen before a child is 2 years old. Sometimes symptoms begin as early as 3 months. Parents may notice that their child is delayed in reaching developmental stages such as sitting, rolling, crawling, or walking. There are several different types of cerebral palsy. Some people have a mix of symptoms. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type. Symptoms include: Muscles that are very tight and do not stretch. They may tighten even more over time. Abnormal walk (gait) -- arms tucked in toward the sides, knees crossed or touching, legs make 'scissors' movements, walk on the toes. Joints are tight and do not open all the way (called joint contracture). Muscle weakness or loss of movement in a group of muscles (paralysis). Symptoms may affect one arm or leg, one side of the body, both legs, or both arms and legs. The following symptoms may occur in other types of cerebral palsy: Abnormal movements (twisting, jerking, or writhing) of the hands, feet, arms, or legs while awake, which gets worse during periods of stress Tremors Unsteady gait Loss of coordination Floppy muscles, especially at rest, and joints that move around too much Other brain and nervous system symptoms may include: Learning disabilities are common, but intelligence can be normal Speech problems (dysarthria) Hearing or vision problems Seizures Pain, especially in adults, which can be difficult to manage Eating and digestion symptoms: Difficulty sucking or feeding in infants, or chewing and swallowing in older children and adults Vomiting or constipation Other symptoms: Increased drooling Slower than normal growth Irregular breathing Urinary incontinence.
The health care provider will perform a full neurologic exam. In older people, testing cognitive function is also important. Other tests may be performed as needed, most often to rule out other disorders: Blood tests CT scan of the head Electroencephalogram ( EEG ) Hearing screen MRI of the head Vision testing.
There is no cure for cerebral palsy. The goal of treatment is to help the person be as independent as possible. Treatment requires a team approach, including: Primary care doctor Dentist (dental check-ups are recommended around every 6 months) Social worker Nurses Occupational, physical, and speech therapists Other specialists, including a neurologist, rehabilitation physician, pulmonologist, and gastroenterologist Treatment is based on the person's symptoms and the need to prevent complications. Self and home care include: Getting enough food and nutrition Keeping the home safe Performing exercises recommended by the providers Practicing proper bowel care (stool softeners, fluids, fiber, laxatives, regular bowel habits) Protecting the joints from injury Putting the child in regular schools is recommended, unless physical disabilities or mental development makes this impossible. Special education or schooling may help. The following may help with communication and learning: Glasses Hearing aids Muscle and bone braces Walking aids Wheelchairs Physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthopedic help, or other treatments may also be needed to help with daily activities and care. Medicines may include: Anticonvulsants to prevent or reduce the frequency of seizures Botulinum toxin to help with spasticity and drooling Muscle relaxants to reduce tremors and spasticity Surgery may be needed in some cases to: Control gastroesophageal reflux Cut certain nerves from the spinal cord to help with pain and spasticity Place feeding tubes Release joint contractures.
Stress and burnout among parents and other caregivers of cerebral palsy patients is common. Seek support and more information from organizations that specialize in cerebral palsy.
Cerebral palsy is a life-long disorder. Long-term care may be required. The disorder does not affect expected length of life. The amount of disability varies. Many adults are able to live in the community, either independently or with different levels of help.
Cerebral palsy may lead to the following health problems: Bone thinning ( osteoporosis ) Bowel obstruction Hip dislocation and arthritis in the hip joint Injuries from falls Pressure sores Joint contractures Pneumonia caused by choking Poor nutrition Reduced communication skills (sometimes) Reduced intellect (sometimes) Scoliosis Seizures (in about half of the people who are affected by cerebral palsy) Social stigma.
Call your provider if symptoms of cerebral palsy develop, especially if you know that an injury occurred during birth or early infancy.
Getting the proper prenatal care may reduce the risk of some rare causes of cerebral palsy. In most cases though, the injury causing the disorder is not preventable. Pregnant mothers with certain medical conditions may need to be followed in a high-risk prenatal clinic.
Spastic paralysis; Paralysis - spastic; Spastic hemiplegia; Spastic diplegia; Spastic quadriplegia.
Enteral nutrition - child - managing problems Gastrostomy feeding tube - bolus Jejunostomy feeding tube.
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;583(9924):1240-1249. PMID: 24268104 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268104. Johnston MV. Encephalopathies.
Cerebrohepatorenal SyndromeETDF160,570,780,930,2750,7500,22500,40000,125000,433770Congenital disorder with multiple organ and system problems. Also called Zellweger Syndrome.
Kidney
Cerebrovascular DisordersETDF80,250,700,850,7500,17500,185750,350000,425170,510500The word cerebrovascular is made up of two parts cerebro which refers to the large part of the brain, and vascular which means arteries and veins. Together, the word cerebrovascular refers to blood flow in the brain. The term cerebrovascular disease includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is temporarily or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood vessels are involved in the pathological process. Cerebrovascular disease includes stroke, carotid stenosis, vertebral stenosis and intracranial stenosis, aneurysms, and vascular malformations.
Restrictions in blood flow may occur from vessel narrowing (stenosis), clot formation (thrombosis), blockage (embolism) or blood vessel rupture (hemorrhage). Lack of sufficient blood flow (ischemia) affects brain tissue and may cause a stroke.
CerumenVEGA320See Ear Wax. Low decade sub-harmonic of Rosa damascene (essential oil).
Cerumen Ear WaxCAFL311,320,750,984,720See Ear Wax.
Ear
Cervic Gland LumpsXTRA320,727,787,880,5000,10000Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
Lymphatic System
Cervical CancerXTRA2288,2944See Cancer Cervical and Cancer Carcinoma Uterine Fermentative programs.
Womb

Encyclopedia Entry for Cervical Cancer :
Cervical cancer - human papilloma virus (Papovavirus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cervical Cancer :
Cervical cancer - screening and prevention. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). HPV is a common virus that spreads through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV are more likely to lead to cervical cancer. These are called high-risk types of HPV. Other types of HPV cause genital warts. HPV can be passed from person to person even when there are no visible warts or other symptoms.
A vaccine is available to protect against the HPV types that cause most cervical cancer in women. The vaccine is: Recommended for girls and women ages 9 through 26. Given as 2 shots in girls ages 9 through 14, and as 3 shots in teens older than 14 years. Best for girls to get by age 11 or before becoming sexually active. However, girls and younger women who are already sexually active can still be protected by the vaccine if they've never been infected. These safer sex practices can also help reduce your risk of getting HPV and cervical cancer: Always use condoms. But be aware that condoms cannot fully protect you. This is because the virus or warts can also be on the nearby skin. Have only one sexual partner, whom you know is infection-free. Limit the number of sexual partners you have over time. DO NOT get involved with partners who take part in high-risk sexual activities. DO NOT smoke. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of getting cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer often develops slowly. It starts as precancerous changes called dysplasia. Dysplasia can be detected by a medical test called a Pap smear. Dysplasia is fully treatable. That is why it is important for women to get regular Pap smears, so that precancerous cells can be removed before they can become cancer. Pap smear screening should start at age 21. After the first test: Women ages 21 through 29 should have a Pap smear every 3 years. HPV testing is not recommended for this age group. Women ages 30 through 65 should be screened with either a Pap smear every 3 years or the HPV test every 5 years. If you or your sexual partner has other new partners, you should have a Pap smear every 3 years. Women ages 65 through 70 can stop having Pap smears as long as they have had 3 normal tests within the past 10 years. Women who have been treated for precancer (cervical dysplasia) should continue to have Pap smears for 20 years after treatment or until age 65, whichever is longer. Talk with your provider about how often you should have a Pap smear or HPV test.
Cancer cervix - screening; HPV - cervical cancer screening; Dysplasia - cervical cancer screening; Cervical cancer - HPV vaccine.
Pap smear Pap smear.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Human papillomavirus (HPV). Clinician factsheets and guidance. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/clinician-factsheet.html. Updated December 7, 2017. Accessed December 11, 2017. Salcedo MP, Baker ES, Schmeler KM. Intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract (cervix, vagina, vulva): etiology, screening, diagnosis, management.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cervical Cancer :
Cervical cancer. Worldwide, cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in women. It is much less common in the United States because of the routine use of Pap smears. Pap smear Cervical cancer starts in the cells on the surface of the cervix. There are two types of cells on the surface of the cervix, squamous and columnar. Most cervical cancers are from squamous cells. Cervical cancer usually develops slowly. It starts as a precancerous condition called dysplasia. This condition can be detected by a Pap smear and is 100% treatable. It can take years for dysplasia to develop into cervical cancer. Most women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer today have not had regular Pap smears, or they have not followed up on abnormal Pap smear results. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that is spread through sexual intercourse. There are many different types (strains) of HPV. Some strains lead to cervical cancer. Other strains can cause genital warts. Others do not cause any problems at all. A woman's sexual habits and patterns can increase her risk of developing cervical cancer. Risky sexual practices include: Having sex at an early age Having multiple sexual partners Having a partner or many partners who take part in high-risk sexual activities Other risk factors for cervical cancer include: Not getting the HPV vaccine Being economically disadvantaged Having a mother who took the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy in the early 1960s to prevent miscarriage Having a weakened immune system.
Most of the time, early cervical cancer has no symptoms. Symptoms that may occur include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause Vaginal discharge that does not stop, and may be pale, watery, pink, brown, bloody, or foul-smelling Periods that become heavier and last longer than usual Cervical cancer may spread to the bladder, intestines, lungs, and liver. Often, there are no problems until the cancer is advanced and has spread. Symptoms of advanced cervical cancer may include: Back pain Bone pain or fractures Fatigue Leaking of urine or feces from the vagina Leg pain Loss of appetite Pelvic pain Single swollen leg Weight loss.
Precancerous changes of the cervix and cervical cancer cannot be seen with the naked eye. Special tests and tools are needed to spot such conditions: A Pap smear screens for precancers and cancer, but does not make a final diagnosis. Depending on your age, the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test may be done along with a Pap test. Or it may be used after a woman has had an abnormal Pap test result. It may also be used as the first test. Talk to your health care provider about which test or tests are right for you. If abnormal changes are found, the cervix is usually examined under magnification. This procedure is called colposcopy. Pieces of tissue are removed (biopsied) during this procedure. This tissue is then sent to a lab for examination. A procedure called a cone biopsy may also be done. Cervical biopsy Cold cone biopsy If cervical cancer is diagnosed, the provider will order more tests. These help determine how far the cancer has spread. This is called staging. Tests may include: Chest x-ray CT scan of the pelvis Cystoscopy Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) MRI of the pelvis.
Treatment of cervical cancer depends on: The stage of the cancer The size and shape of the tumor The woman's age and general health Her desire to have children in the future Early cervical cancer can be cured by removing or destroying the precancerous or cancerous tissue. This is why routine Pap smears are so important to prevent cervical cancer. There are surgical ways to do this without removing the uterus or damaging the cervix, so that a woman can still have children in the future. Types of surgery for early cervical cancer include: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): uses electricity to remove abnormal tissue Cryotherapy: freezes abnormal cells Laser therapy: uses light to burn abnormal tissue A hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus but not the ovaries) is not often done for cervical cancer that has not spread. It may be done in women who have had repeated LEEP procedures. Treatment for more advanced cervical cancer may include: Radical hysterectomy, which removes the uterus and much of the surrounding tissues, including lymph nodes and the upper part of the vagina. Pelvic exenteration, an extreme type of surgery in which all of the organs of the pelvis, including the bladder and rectum, are removed. Radiation may be used to treat cancer that has spread beyond the cervix or cancer that has returned. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer. It may be given alone or with surgery or radiation.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
How well the person does depends on many things, including: Type of cervical cancer Stage of cancer (how far it has spread) Age and general health If the cancer comes back after treatment Precancerous conditions can be completely cured when followed up and treated properly. Most women are alive in 5 years (5-year survival rate) for cancer that has spread to the inside of the cervix walls but not outside the cervix area. The 5-year survival rate falls as the cancer spreads outside the walls of the cervix into other areas.
Complications can include: Risk of the cancer coming back in women who have treatment to save the uterus Problems with sexual, bowel, and bladder function after surgery or radiation.
Call your provider if you: Have not had regular Pap smears Have abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge.
Cervical cancer can be prevented by doing the following: Get the HPV vaccine. The vaccine prevents most types of HPV infection that cause cervical cancer. Your provider can tell you if the vaccine is right for you. Practice safer sex. Using condoms during sex reduces the risk for HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Limit the number of sexual partners you have. Avoid partners who are active in high-risk sexual behaviors. Get Pap smears as often as your provider recommends. Pap smears can help detect early changes, which can be treated before they turn into cervical cancer. Get the HPV test if recommended by your provider. It can be used along with the Pap test to screen for cervical cancer in women 30 years and older. If you smoke, quit. Smoking increases your chance of getting cervical cancer.
Cancer - cervix; Cervical cancer - HPV; Cervical cancer - dysplasia.
Hysterectomy - abdominal - discharge Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - discharge Hysterectomy - vaginal - discharge Pelvic radiation - discharge.
Cervical cancer Cervical cancer Cervical neoplasia Cervical neoplasia Pap smear Pap smear Cervical biopsy Cervical biopsy Cold cone biopsy Cold cone biopsy Cervical cancer Cervical cancer Pap smears and cervical cancer Pap smears and cervical cancer.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Adolescent Health Care, Immunization Expert Work Group. Committee Opinion Number 704, June 2017. www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Human-Papillomavirus-Vaccination. Accessed December 11, 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Human papillomavirus (HPV). Clinician factsheets and guidance. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/clinician-factsheet.html. Updated August 21, 2017. Accessed December 14, 2017. Hacker NF. Cervical dysplasia and cancer.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cervical Cancer :
Cervical Cancer. Can be caused by Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cervical InflammationXTRA20,60,72,95,125,660,690,727.5,740,787,790,880,5000The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus. It extends slightly into the vagina. This is where menstrual blood exits the uterus. During labor, the cervix dilates to allow a baby to pass through the birth canal (endocervical canal).
Like any tissue in the body, the cervix can become inflamed for a variety of reasons. Inflammation of the cervix is known as cervicitis.
Some women with cervicitis experience no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they can include:
abnormal vaginal bleeding
persistent gray or white vaginal discharge that may have an odor
vaginal pain
pain during intercourse
a feeling of pelvic pressure
backaches
The cervix can become very inflamed if cervicitis progresses. In some cases, it can develop an open sore. Pus-like vaginal discharge is a symptom of severe cervicitis.
Womb
Cervical PolypCAFL277,288,867,687,744Benign, often asymptomatic growth in cervical canal.
Womb

Encyclopedia Entry for Cervical Polyp :
Cervical polyps. The exact cause of cervical polyps is not known. They may occur with: An abnormal response to increased levels of the female hormone estrogen Chronic inflammation Clogged blood vessels in the cervix Cervical polyps are common. They are often found in women over age 40 who have had many children. Polyps are rare in young women who have not started having their period (menstruation). Most women have only one polyp. Some women have two or three.
Polyps do not always cause symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include: Very heavy menstrual periods Vaginal bleeding after douching or intercourse Abnormal vaginal bleeding after menopause or between periods White or yellow mucus (leukorrhea).
Your health care provider will perform your pelvic exam. Some smooth, red or purple fingerlike growths will be seen on the cervix. Most often, the provider will remove the polyp with a gentle tug and send it for testing. Most of the time, the biopsy will show cells that are consistent with a benign polyp. Rarely, there may be abnormal, precancerous, or cancer cells in a polyp.
The provider can remove polyps during a simple, outpatient procedure. Smaller polyps may be removed with gentle twisting. Electrocautery may be needed to remove larger polyps. The removed polyp tissue should be sent to a lab for further tests.
Most polyps are not cancerous (benign) and are easy to remove. Polyps do not grow back most of the time. Women who have polyps are at risk of growing more polyps.
There may be bleeding and slight cramping for a few days after removal of a polyp. Some cervical cancers may first appear as a polyp. Certain uterine polyps may be associated with uterine cancer. .
Call your provider if you have: Abnormal bleeding from the vagina, including bleeding after sex or between periods Abnormal discharge from the vagina Abnormally heavy periods Call your provider to schedule regular gynecological exams. Ask how often you should receive a Pap test.
See your provider to treat infections as soon as possible.
Vaginal bleeding - polyps.
Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Cervical polyps Cervical polyps Uterus Uterus.
Dolan MS, Hill C, Valea FA. Benign gynecologic lesions: vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary, ultrasound imaging of pelvic structures.
Cervix IncompetenceETDF40,400,680,5090,7500,37000,96500,180000,792000,985670Premature dilatation and thinning of cervix causing possible miscarriage or preterm birth.
Cesium csXTRA279.22,301,12809.56Heavy metal.
Cestode InfectionsETDF240,700,40000,72500,97500,336420,475190,527000,662710,752700Tapeworm infections.
Chaetomium GlobosumBIO221,867Mold causing mycosis and neurological infections. Can be found indoors.
Chaetomium GlobosumCAFL221,102,862Mold causing mycosis and neurological infections. Can be found indoors.
Allergies
Chagas DiseaseETDF30,220,2920,40000,222700,477500,527000,667000,721000,988900Also called American Trypanosomiasis. Tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chagas Disease :
Chagas disease - Trypanosomiasis - American: Trypanosoma cruzi (Triatomine bugs: kissing bug or assassin bugs)

Encyclopedia Entry for Chagas Disease :
Chagas disease. Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread by the bite of reduviid bugs, or kissing bugs, and is one of the major health problems in South America. Due to immigration, the disease also affects people in the United States. Risk factors for Chagas disease include: Living in a hut where reduviid bugs live in the walls Living in Central or South America Poverty Receiving a blood transfusion from a person who carries the parasite, but does not have active Chagas disease.
Chagas disease has two phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms, including: Fever General ill feeling Swelling of an eye if the bite is near the eye Swollen red area at site of the insect bite After the acute phase, the disease goes into remission. No other symptoms may appear for many years. When symptoms finally develop, they may include: Constipation Digestive problems Heart failure Pain in the abdomen Pounding or racing heart Swallowing difficulties.
Physical examination can confirm the symptoms. Signs of Chagas disease may include: Disease of the heart muscle Enlarged liver and spleen Enlarged lymph nodes Irregular heartbeat Rapid heartbeat Tests include: Blood culture to look for signs of infection Chest x-ray Echocardiogram (uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart) Electrocardiogram ( ECG , tests electrical activity in the heart) Enzyme-linked immunoassay ( ELISA ) to look for signs of infection Peripheral blood smear to look for signs of infection.
The acute phase and reactivated Chagas disease should be treated. Infants born with the infection should also be treated. Treating the chronic phase is recommended for children and most adults. Adults with chronic phase Chagas disease should talk to their health care provider to decide whether treatment is needed. Two drugs are used to treat this infection: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both drugs often have side effects. The side effects may be worse in older people. They may include: Headaches and dizziness Loss of appetite and weight loss Nerve damage Problems sleeping Skin rashes.
About one third of infected people who are not treated will develop chronic or symptomatic Chagas disease. It may take more than 20 years from the time of the original infection to develop heart or digestive problems. Abnormal heart rhythms may cause sudden death. Once heart failure develops, death usually occurs within several years.
Chagas disease can cause these complications: Enlarged colon Enlarged esophagus with swallowing difficulty Heart disease Heart failure Malnutrition.
Call for an appointment with your provider if you think you may have Chagas disease.
Insect control with insecticides and houses that are less likely to have high insect populations will help control the spread of the disease. Blood banks in Central and South America screen donors for exposure to the parasite. The blood is discarded if the donor has the parasite. Most blood banks in the United States began screening for Chagas disease in 2007.
Parasite infection - American trypanosomiasis.
Kissing bug Kissing bug Antibodies Antibodies.
Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE. Blood and tissue protozoa I: hemoflagellates.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chagas Disease :
Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis). Source of disease: Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas Disease AXTRA53763.8956,11000.1187,17777.7856,6576.3757Biofilm-related. Bioweapon. From Newport. Wave=square, Duty=50%. Use if flare-up present and follow with Chagas Disease Biofilm (which can be used alone if no flare-up). Also called American Trypanosomiasis. Tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi.
Chagas Disease BiofilmXTRA657755.5578Biofilm. From Newport. Wave=square, Duty=82.4%. Use after Chagas Disease A. If no flare-up present, may be used alone.
Chakra 2 3rd EyeALT288432Hz basis.
Spirit
Chakra 2 BaseALT456432Hz basis.
Spirit
Chakra 2 ChainALT456,606,364,256,384,288,432,288,384,256,364,606432Hz-based. From Dr. Pankaj K Mishra.
Spirit
Chakra 2 CrownALT432432Hz basis. Other uses: chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder inflammation.
Spirit
Chakra 2 HeartALT256432Hz basis.
Spirit
Chakra 2 SacralALT606432Hz basis.
Spirit
Chakra 2 Solar PlexusALT364432Hz basis. Other uses: Blue Cohosh (healing herb), influenza homeopathic nosode.
Spirit
Chakra 2 ThroatALT384432Hz basis.
Spirit
Chakra Balance (Fabian Maman Set)ETDF390,400,430,650,6870,7930,8330,8480,8630,8820Balance the Chakras and You Balance Your Life. Experience the self-healing, self-balancing power of prana.
Chakra BaseALT194.18Frequency of the Earth Day.
Spirit
Chakra Base RootCAFL20Pulse (Gate) at 4Hz. Other uses: boils, bunion pain, cuts, vitiligo, whiplash, thymus, thalamus, and pineal stimulation, Down Syndrome palliative, fascia, tuberculosis, hypoacidity, spleen, UTI, malaria, chicken pox, fainting, aura building.
Spirit
Chakra CrownALT172.06Frequency of the Platonic Year. Other uses: antidepressive, clarity of spirit.
Spirit
Chakra HeartALT136.10Frequency of the Earth Year (OM).
Spirit
Chakra SacralALT210.42Frequency of the Synodic Moon.
Spirit
Chakra ThroatALT141.27Planet Mercury. Other uses: cleverness/intellect, speech/communication, mobility.
Spirit
ChalazionETDF60,320,830,12330,225170,452590,518920,683000,712230,993410Cyst in eyelid due to blocked meibomian gland.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chalazion :
Chalazion. A chalazion is caused by a blocked duct in one of the meibomian glands. These glands are located in the eyelid directly behind the eyelashes. They produce a thin, oily fluid that lubricates the eye.
A chalazion often develops following an internal hordeolum (also called a stye). The eyelid most often becomes tender, red, swollen and warm. Sometimes, the blocked gland causing the stye will not drain even though the redness and swelling go away. The gland will form a firm nodule in the eyelid that is not tender. This is called a chalazion.
An exam of the eyelid confirms the diagnosis. Rarely, skin cancer of the eyelid may look like a chalazion. If this is suspected, you may need a biopsy.
A chalazion will often go away without treatment in a month or so. The first treatment is to place warm compresses over the eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes at least four times a day. Use lukewarm water (no hotter than you can leave your hand in comfortably). This may soften the hardened oils blocking the duct, and lead to drainage and healing. DO NOT push or squeeze the chalazion. If the chalazion continues to get bigger, it may need to be removed with surgery. This is most often done from the inside of the eyelid to avoid a scar on the skin. Steroid injection is another treatment option.
Chalazia most often heal on their own. The outcome with treatment is excellent in most cases.
Rarely, a chalazion will heal by itself but may leave a scar on the eyelid. This problem is more common after surgery to remove the chalazion, but is still rare. You may lose some eyelashes or you may have a small notch in the edge of the eyelid. The most common complication is a return of the problem.
Call your health care provider if lumps on the eyelid continue to get bigger despite treatment, or you have an area of eyelash loss.
It may help to gently scrub the edge of the lid at the eyelash line nightly to prevent chalazia or styes. Use eye cleansing pads or diluted baby shampoo. Apply antibiotic ointment prescribed by your provider after scrubbing the eyelids.
Meibomian gland lipogranuloma.
Eye Eye.
Neff AG, Carter KD. Benign eyelid lesions
ChancroidETDF240,700,7500,72500,119340,324370,515700,682020,754190,941000STD with painful genital sores.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chancroid :
Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi (G- rod: facultative-straight: respiratory pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Chancroid :
Chancroid. Chancroid is caused by a bacterium called Haemophilus ducreyi. The infection is found in many parts of the world, such as Africa and southwest Asia. Very few people are diagnosed in the United States each year with this infection. Most people in the United States who are diagnosed with chancroid got the disease outside the country in areas where the infection is more common.
Within 1 day to 2 weeks after becoming infected, a person will get a small bump on the genitals. The bump becomes an ulcer within a day after it first appears. The ulcer: Ranges in size from 1/8 inch to 2 inches (3 millimeters to 5 centimeters) in diameter Is painful Is soft Has sharply defined borders Has a base that is covered with a gray or yellowish-gray material Has a base that bleeds easily if it is banged or scraped About one half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women often have 4 or more ulcers. The ulcers appear in specific locations. Common locations in men are: Foreskin Groove behind the head of the penis Shaft of the penis Head of the penis Opening of the penis Scrotum In women, the most common location for ulcers is the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora). 'Kissing ulcers' may develop. Kissing ulcers are those that occur on opposite surfaces of the labia. Other areas, such as the inner vagina lips (labia minora), the area between the genitals and the anus (perineal area), and the inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and intercourse. The ulcer may look like the sore of primary syphilis (chancre). About one half of the people who are infected with a chancroid develop enlarged lymph nodes in the groin. In one half of people who have swelling of the groin lymph nodes, the nodes break through the skin and cause draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are also called buboes.
The health care provider diagnoses chancroid by looking at the ulcer(s), checking for swollen lymph nodes and testing (ruling out) for other sexually-transmitted diseases. There is no blood test for chancroid.
The infection is treated with antibiotics including ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. Large lymph node swellings need to be drained, either with a needle or local surgery.
Chancroid can get better on its own. Some people have months of painful ulcers and draining. Antibiotic treatment often clears up the lesions quickly with very little scarring.
Complications include urethral fistulas and scars on the foreskin of the penis in uncircumcised males. People with chancroid should also be checked for other sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis , HIV , and genital herpes. In people with HIV, chancroid may take much longer to heal.
Call for an appointment with your provider if: You have symptoms of chancroid You have had sexual contact with a person who you know has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) You have engaged in high-risk sexual practices.
Chancroid is spread by sexual contact with an infected person. Avoiding all forms of sexual activity is the only absolute way to prevent a sexually transmitted disease. However, safer sex behaviors may reduce your risk. The proper use of condoms, either the male or female type, greatly decreases the risk of catching a sexually transmitted disease. You need to wear the condom from the beginning to the end of each sexual activity.
Soft chancre; Ulcus molle; Sexually transmitted disease - chancroid; STD - chancroid; Sexually transmitted infection - chancroid; STI - chancroid.
Male and female reproductive systems Male and female reproductive systems.
James WD, Elston DM, McMahon PJ. Bacterial infections.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chancroid :
Chancroid. Source of disease: Haemophilus ducreyi
Change FacilitatingXTRA417Solfeggio Frequency. Use to break emotional patterns.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseKHZ20,220,620,2500,5500,40000,275190,522530,682450,759830Progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation.

Encyclopedia Entry for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease :
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth is one of the most common nerve-related disorders passed down through families (inherited). Changes to at least 40 genes cause different forms of this disease. The disease leads to damage or destruction to the covering ( myelin sheath) around nerve fibers.
Nerves that stimulate movement (called the motor nerves) are most severely affected. The nerves in the legs are affected first and most severely. Symptoms most often begin between mid-childhood and early adulthood. They may include: Foot deformity (very high arch to feet) Foot drop (inability to hold foot horizontal) Loss of lower leg muscle, which leads to skinny calves Numbness in the foot or leg 'Slapping' gait (feet hit the floor hard when walking) Weakness of the hips, legs, or feet Later, similar symptoms may appear in the arms and hands. These may include a claw-like hand.
A physical exam may show: Difficulty lifting up the foot and making toe-out movements (foot drop) Lack of stretch reflexes in the legs Loss of muscle control and atrophy (shrinking of the muscles) in the foot or leg Thickened nerve bundles under the skin of the legs Nerve conduction tests are often done to identify different forms of the disorder. A nerve biopsy may confirm the diagnosis. Genetic testing is also available for most forms of the disease.
There is no known cure. Orthopedic surgery or equipment (such as braces or orthopedic shoes) may make it easier to walk. Physical and occupational therapy may help maintain muscle strength and improve independent functioning.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease slowly gets worse. Some parts of the body may become numb, and pain can range from mild to severe. Eventually the disease may cause disability.
Complications may include: Progressive inability to walk Progressive weakness Injury to areas of the body that have decreased sensation.
Call your health care provider if there is ongoing weakness or decreased sensation in the feet or legs.
Genetic counseling and testing is advised if there is a strong family history of the disorder.
Progressive neuropathic (peroneal) muscular atrophy; Hereditary peroneal nerve dysfunction; Neuropathy - peroneal (hereditary); Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.
Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Katirji B. Disorders of the peripheral nerves.
CHARGE SyndromeETDF100,650,5120,42500,225170,479500,527000,667000,749000,986220Genetic disorder with eye, ear, nose, heart, genito-urinary, and growth problems.
Chediak-Higashi SyndromeETDF40,120,20000,57500,95190,325710,225750,450000,515190,687620Genetic disorder with increased infection susceptibility, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chediak-Higashi Syndrome :
Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Chediak-Higashi syndrome is passed down through families (inherited). It is an autosomal recessive disease. This means that both parents are carriers of a non-working copy of the gene. Each parent must pass their non-working gene to the child for them to show symptoms of the disease. Defects have been found in the CHS1 (also called LYST ) gene. The primary defect in this disease is found in certain substances normally present in skin cells and certain white blood cells.
Children with this condition may have: Silver hair, light-colored eyes (albinism) Increased infections in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes Jerky eye movements ( nystagmus ) Infection of affected children with certain viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ), can cause a deadly illness resembling the blood cancer lymphoma. Other symptoms may include: Decreased vision Intellectual disability Muscle weakness Nerve problems in the limbs ( peripheral neuropathy ) Nosebleeds or easy bruising Numbness Tremor Seizures Sensitivity to bright light (photophobia) Unsteady walking ( ataxia ).
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may show signs of a swollen spleen or liver or jaundice. Tests that may be done include: Complete blood count, including white blood cell count Blood platelet count Blood culture and smear Brain MRI or CT EEG EMG Nerve conduction tests.
There is no specific treatment for Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Bone marrow transplants performed early in the disease appear to have been successful in several patients. Antibiotics are used to treat infections. Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, and chemotherapy drugs are often used in the accelerated phase of the disease. Blood and platelet transfusions are given as needed. Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses in some cases.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) -- rarediseases.org.
Death often occurs in the first 10 years of life, from long-term (chronic) infections or accelerated disease that results in lymphoma-like illness. However, some affected children have survived longer.
Complications may include: Frequent infections involving certain types of bacteria Lymphoma-like cancer triggered by viral infections such as EBV Early death.
Call your provider if you have a family history of this disorder and you are planning to have children. Talk to your provider if your child shows symptoms of Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Genetic counseling is recommended before becoming pregnant if you have a family history of Chediak-Higashi.
Coates TD. Disorders of phagocyte function.
CheilitisETDF850,7500,2750,12710,52500,97500,419340,566410,642910,930120Inflammation of lips - includes cracking, fissures, peeling, and chapping.
ChelidoniumCAFL162Homeopathic remedy.
Chemical Sensitivity Reduce 1XTRA440Also see Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Liver Support.
Chemical Sensitivity Reduce 2XTRA443Also see Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Liver Support.
Chemical Spray-Related IllnessXTRA113,279.19,664,673.89,684.1,686.6,690.7,779.89,783.6,800.39,829.29,865,969.89,1045,1062,1067,1147,2842,7344Also use Chemtrail programs.
CherubismETDF800,1270,7500,65000,125750,229320,415700,563190,709830,978850Genetic disorder causing prominence of lower part of face.
Chest Infection SecondaryCAFL72,333,452,683Run Streptococcus pneumonia and General Antiseptic programs. See Chemtrail Detox program.
Chest
Chest PainETDF100,260,650,5810,7000,42500,234250,475190,627000,762710Chest pain is discomfort or pain that you feel anywhere along the front of your body between your neck and upper abdomen.
Many people with chest pain fear a heart attack. However, there are many possible causes of chest pain. Some causes are not dangerous to your health, while other causes are serious and, in some cases, life-threatening.
Any organ or tissue in your chest can be the source of pain, including your heart, lungs, esophagus, muscles, ribs, tendons, or nerves. Pain may also spread to the chest from the neck, abdomen, and back.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chest Pain :
Chest pain. Many people with chest pain fear a heart attack. However, there are many possible causes of chest pain. Some causes are not dangerous to your health, while other causes are serious and, in some cases, life-threatening. Any organ or tissue in your chest can be the source of pain, including your heart, lungs, esophagus, muscles, ribs, tendons, or nerves. Pain may also spread to the chest from the neck, abdomen, and back.
Heart or blood vessel problems that can cause chest pain: Angina or a heart attack. The most common symptom is chest pain that may feel like tightness, heavy pressure, squeezing, or crushing pain. The pain may spread to the arm, shoulder, jaw, or back. A tear in the wall of the aorta, the large blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to the rest of the body ( aortic dissection ) causes sudden, severe pain in the chest and upper back. Swelling (inflammation) in the sac that surrounds the heart ( pericarditis ) causes pain in the center part of the chest. Lung problems that can cause chest pain: A blood clot in the lung ( pulmonary embolism ). Collapse of the lung ( pneumothorax ). Pneumonia causes a sharp chest pain that often gets worse when you take a deep breath or cough. Swelling of the lining around the lung ( pleurisy ) can cause chest pain that usually feels sharp, and often gets worse when you take a deep breath or cough. Other causes of chest pain: Panic attack , which often occurs with fast breathing. Inflammation where the ribs join the breast bone or sternum ( costochondritis ). Shingles , which causes sharp, tingling pain on one side that stretches from the chest to the back, and may cause a rash. Strain of the muscles and tendons between the ribs. Chest pain can also be due to the following digestive system problems: Spasms or narrowing of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) Gallstones cause pain that gets worse after a meal (most often a fatty meal). Heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Stomach ulcer or gastritis: Burning pain occurs if your stomach is empty and feels better when you eat food In children, most chest pain is not caused by the heart.
For most causes of chest pain, it is best to check with your health care provider before treating yourself at home. Heart attack symptoms.
Call 911 if: You have sudden crushing, squeezing, tightening, or pressure in your chest. Pain spreads (radiates) to your jaw, left arm, or between your shoulder blades. You have nausea, dizziness, sweating, a racing heart, or shortness of breath. You know you have angina and your chest discomfort is suddenly more intense, brought on by lighter activity, or lasts longer than usual. Your angina symptoms occur while you are at rest. You have sudden, sharp chest pain with shortness of breath, especially after a long trip, a stretch of bedrest (for example, following an operation), or other lack of movement, especially if one leg is swollen or more swollen than the other (this could be a blood clot, part of which has moved to the lungs). You have been diagnosed with a serious condition, such as heart attack or pulmonary embolism. Your risk of having a heart attack is greater if: You have a family history of heart disease. You smoke, use cocaine, or are overweight. You have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes. You already have heart disease. Call your provider if: You have a fever or a cough that produces yellow-green phlegm. You have chest pain that is severe and does not go away. You are having problems swallowing. Chest pain lasts longer than 3 to 5 days.
Your provider may ask questions such as: Is the pain between the shoulder blades? Under the breast bone? Does the pain change location? Is it on one side only? How would you describe the pain? (severe, tearing or ripping, sharp, stabbing, burning, squeezing, tight, pressure-like, crushing, aching, dull, heavy) Does it begin suddenly? Does the pain occur at the same time each day? Does the pain get better or worse when you walk or change positions? Can you make the pain happen by pressing on a part of your chest? Is the pain getting worse? How long does the pain last? Does the pain go from your chest into your shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, or back? Is the pain worse when you are breathing deeply, coughing, eating, or bending? Is the pain worse when you are exercising? Is it better after you rest? Does it go away completely, or is there just less pain? Is the pain better after you take nitroglycerin medicine? After you eat or take antacids? After you belch? What other symptoms do you have? The types of tests that are done depend on the cause of the pain, and what other medical problems or risk factors you have.
Chest tightness; Chest pressure; Chest discomfort.
Angina - discharge Angina - what to ask your doctor Angina - when you have chest pain Being active after your heart attack.
Heart attack symptoms Heart attack symptoms Jaw pain and heart attacks Jaw pain and heart attacks.
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139-e228. PMID: 25260718 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718. Bonaca MP, Sabatine MS. Approach to the patient with chest pain.
Chicken PoxCAFL664,787,802,880,914,1500,1600,2170,3343See Herpes Zoster. Use for Shingles, and Varicella.
Skin
Chicken PoxETDF40,120,57500,92500,332410,225170,454500,517500,689410,712810See Herpes Zoster.
Chicken PoxVEGA787,3343See Herpes Zoster.
Chicken Pox 1XTRA3.89,580,664,787,802,833,880,914,1160,1500,1600,2170,2320,3343See Herpes Zoster.
Chicken Pox 2XTRA3.89,802,833,10000See Herpes Zoster.
Chicken Pox 6XTRA20,727,787,880,3343,5000See Herpes Zoster.
Chicken Pox VaricellaXTRA802.1550See Herpes Zoster.
ChilblainsCAFL20,232,622,822,2112,4211See Perniosis.
Hands Feet
ChilblainsETDF160,570,850,7500,52500,122530,375190,400000,564280,846960See Perniosis.
Children DiabetesXTRA5023Also see Diabetes programs.
Chilomastix Amoeba CystsXTRA964.23,1055.95,19367.16,21209.29Protozoan which lives in the GI tract.
Chilomastix Cysts (Rat)HC388950-390700Protozoan which lives in the GI tract.
Chilomastix Cysts (Rat)XTRA1053.97,1055,95,1059.17,13287.5,13312.5,13353.12Protozoan which lives in the GI tract.
Chilomastix Cysts (Rat) 2ndHC425200-427300Protozoan which lives in the GI tract.
Chilomonas 2XTRA986.53,19815.25Protist. Implicated in Morgellons.
Chilomonas Whole MountHC393750-400000Protist. Implicated in Morgellons.
Chilomonas Whole MountXTRA976,986.53,991.5,12304.69,12437.5,12500Protist. Implicated in Morgellons.
Chlamydia GeneralCAFL3773,3768,2223,2218,2213,942,866,840,622,555,470,430Chlamydia is a SUPER common bacterial infection that you can get from sexual contact with another person. Close to 3 million Americans get it every year, most commonly among 14-24-year-olds. Chlamydia is spread through vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Lung
Chlamydia General 1XTRA430,470,555,622,840,866,942,2213,2218,2223,3768,3773Most people with chlamydia don't notice any symptoms and don't know they have it.
If you do develop symptoms, you may experience:
pain when peeing
unusual discharge from the vagina, penis or rectum (back passage)
in women, pain in the tummy, bleeding after sex and bleeding between periods
in men, pain and swelling in the testicles
If you think you're at risk of having an STI or have any symptoms of chlamydia, visit your GP, community contraceptive service or local genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic to get tested.
Chlamydia InfectionsETDF50,410,800,7500,72500,130000,367500,555000,625190,875170Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and women. Women can get chlamydia in the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get chlamydia in the urethra (inside the penis), rectum, or throat.
You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has the infection. A woman can also pass chlamydia to her baby during childbirth.
If you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected
Chlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. People with chlamydia who have no symptoms can still pass the disease to others. If you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with an infected partner.
Symptoms in women include
Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell
A burning sensation when urinating
Pain during intercourse
If the infection spreads, you might get lower abdominal pain, pain during sex, nausea, or fever.
Symptoms in men include
Discharge from your penis
A burning sensation when urinating
Burning or itching around the opening of your penis
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)
If the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and/or bleeding.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chlamydia Infections :
Chlamydia infections in women. Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Both males and females may have this infection. However, they may not have symptoms. As a result, you may become infected or pass the infection to your partner without knowing it. You are more likely to become infected with chlamydia if you have: Sex without using a condom Had multiple sexual partners Been infected with chlamydia before.
Most women do not have symptoms. But some have: Burning when they urinate Pain in the lower part of the belly, possibly with fever Painful intercourse Vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse.
If you have symptoms of a chlamydia infection, your health care provider will collect a culture or perform a test called a nucleic acid amplification test. In the past, testing required a pelvic exam by a health care provider. Today, very accurate tests can be done on urine samples. Vaginal swabs, which a woman collects herself, can also be tested. Results take 1 to 2 days to come back. Your provider may also check you for other types of STIs. Most common STIs are: Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Syphilis Hepatitis Herpes Even if you have no symptoms, you may need a chlamydia test if you: Are 25 years old or younger and are sexually active (get tested every year) Have a new sexual partner or more than one partner.
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. Some of these are safe to take if you are pregnant. Common side effects include: Nausea Upset stomach Diarrhea Both you and your partner need to take the antibiotics. Finish all of them, even if you feel better and still have some left. All of your sexual partners should be treated. Have them take the medicines even if they do not have symptoms. This will prevent you from passing the STIs back and forth. You and your partner are asked to abstain from sexual intercourse during the time of treatment. Gonorrhea often occurs with chlamydia. Therefore, treatment for gonorrhea is often given at the same time. Safe sex practices are needed to prevent becoming infected with chlamydia or spreading it to others.
Antibiotic treatment almost always works. You and your partner should take the medicines as directed. If chlamydia spreads into your uterus and fallopian tubes, it can cause scarring. Scarring can make it harder for you to get pregnant. You can help prevent this by: Finishing your antibiotics when you are treated Making sure your sexual partners also take antibiotics Talking to your provider about being tested for chlamydia and seeing your provider if you have symptoms Wearing condoms and practicing safe sex.
Make an appointment with your provider if: You have symptoms of chlamydia You are worried that you might have chlamydia.
Cervicitis - chlamydia; STI - chlamydia; STD - chlamydia; Sexually transmitted - chlamydia; PID - chlamydia; Pelvic inflammatory disease - chlamydia.
Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Uterus Uterus Antibodies Antibodies.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chlamydial infections in adolescents and adults. www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm. Updated June 4, 2015. Accessed May 4, 2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19. PMID: 24622331. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622331. Geisler WM. Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2015 centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;(61):774-784. PMID: 26602617 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602617. Geisler WM. Diseases caused by chlamydiae.
Chlamydia InfectionsXTRA430,620,624,840,2213Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and women. Women can get chlamydia in the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get chlamydia in the urethra (inside the penis), rectum, or throat.
You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has the infection. A woman can also pass chlamydia to her baby during childbirth.
If you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected
Chlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. People with chlamydia who have no symptoms can still pass the disease to others. If you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with an infected partner.
Symptoms in women include
Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell
A burning sensation when urinating
Pain during intercourse
If the infection spreads, you might get lower abdominal pain, pain during sex, nausea, or fever.
Symptoms in men include
Discharge from your penis
A burning sensation when urinating
Burning or itching around the opening of your penis
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)
If the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and/or bleeding.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chlamydia Infections :
Chlamydia infections in women. Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Both males and females may have this infection. However, they may not have symptoms. As a result, you may become infected or pass the infection to your partner without knowing it. You are more likely to become infected with chlamydia if you have: Sex without using a condom Had multiple sexual partners Been infected with chlamydia before.
Most women do not have symptoms. But some have: Burning when they urinate Pain in the lower part of the belly, possibly with fever Painful intercourse Vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse.
If you have symptoms of a chlamydia infection, your health care provider will collect a culture or perform a test called a nucleic acid amplification test. In the past, testing required a pelvic exam by a health care provider. Today, very accurate tests can be done on urine samples. Vaginal swabs, which a woman collects herself, can also be tested. Results take 1 to 2 days to come back. Your provider may also check you for other types of STIs. Most common STIs are: Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Syphilis Hepatitis Herpes Even if you have no symptoms, you may need a chlamydia test if you: Are 25 years old or younger and are sexually active (get tested every year) Have a new sexual partner or more than one partner.
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. Some of these are safe to take if you are pregnant. Common side effects include: Nausea Upset stomach Diarrhea Both you and your partner need to take the antibiotics. Finish all of them, even if you feel better and still have some left. All of your sexual partners should be treated. Have them take the medicines even if they do not have symptoms. This will prevent you from passing the STIs back and forth. You and your partner are asked to abstain from sexual intercourse during the time of treatment. Gonorrhea often occurs with chlamydia. Therefore, treatment for gonorrhea is often given at the same time. Safe sex practices are needed to prevent becoming infected with chlamydia or spreading it to others.
Antibiotic treatment almost always works. You and your partner should take the medicines as directed. If chlamydia spreads into your uterus and fallopian tubes, it can cause scarring. Scarring can make it harder for you to get pregnant. You can help prevent this by: Finishing your antibiotics when you are treated Making sure your sexual partners also take antibiotics Talking to your provider about being tested for chlamydia and seeing your provider if you have symptoms Wearing condoms and practicing safe sex.
Make an appointment with your provider if: You have symptoms of chlamydia You are worried that you might have chlamydia.
Cervicitis - chlamydia; STI - chlamydia; STD - chlamydia; Sexually transmitted - chlamydia; PID - chlamydia; Pelvic inflammatory disease - chlamydia.
Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Uterus Uterus Antibodies Antibodies.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chlamydial infections in adolescents and adults. www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm. Updated June 4, 2015. Accessed May 4, 2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19. PMID: 24622331. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622331. Geisler WM. Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2015 centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;(61):774-784. PMID: 26602617 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602617. Geisler WM. Diseases caused by chlamydiae.
Chlamydia PneumoniaeXTRA676755.5555,565758.5766Biofilm. From Newport. Wave=square, Duty=82.4%. Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chlamydia Pneumoniae :
Chlamydia Pneumoniae. May cause:
Alzheimer's
Asthma
Atherosclerosis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Coronary heart disease
Metabolic syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Tourette syndrome
Pulmonary cancer
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 1CAFL471,942.9,1885.9,3771.7,7543.4Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Lung
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 1XTRA471,479,620,940.1,942,942.89,1880.09,1885.9,1886,3760.3,3771.69,3772,4710.5,7520.5,7543,7643.39,14702.25Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 2CAFL470,940.1,1880.1,3760.3,7530.5Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Lung
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 2XTRA470.89,471.66,479,620,940,941.79,943.29,1880,1886,3760.3,3767.3,3773.3,4710.5,7520.5,7543.39Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 3CAFL470,471.66,941.8,943.3,3767.3,3773.3Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Lung
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 3XTRA471.5,942.89,1885.9,3771.69,7543.39Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 4XTRA470,479,620,940,942.89,1880.09,1885.9,3760.3,3771.69,4710.5,7520.5,7543.39Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae 8XTRA470,940.1,1880.09,3760.3,7520.5Causes Pneumonia, and may be involved in Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers, and Atherosclerosis.
Chlamydia TrachomatisCAFL430,620,624,840,2213,866,555.7,2222.8Usually a sexually-transmitted bacterial infection causing trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, urethritis, and proctitis. See Trachoma.
Chlamydia TrachomatisHC379700-383950Usually a sexually-transmitted bacterial infection causing trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, urethritis, and proctitis. See Trachoma.
Chlamydiaceae InfectionsETDF50,410,800,7500,125190,275000,424370,560000,642910,985900All species.
Chlorine 35clXTRA208.56,224.84,19136.72Element, halogen group.
Chlorine 37clXTRA173.62,187.15,15929.69Element, halogen group.
CholangitisETDF60,240,5690,7250,25190,87500,73000,196500,475170,853720Potentially life-threatening infection of bile duct.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholangitis :
Cholangitis. Cholangitis is most often caused by bacteria. This can occur when the duct is blocked by something, such as a gallstone or tumor. The infection causing this condition may also spread to the liver. Risk factors include a previous history of gallstones , sclerosing cholangitis, HIV, narrowing of the common bile duct, and rarely, travel to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection.
The following symptoms may occur: Pain on the upper right side or upper middle part of the abdomen. It may also be felt in the back or below the right shoulder blade. The pain may come and go and feel sharp, cramp-like, or dull. Fever and chills. Dark urine and clay-colored stools. Nausea and vomiting. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice), which may come and go.
You may have the following tests to look for blockages: Abdominal ultrasound Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTCA) You may also have the following blood tests: Bilirubin level Liver enzyme levels Liver function tests White blood count (WBC).
Quick diagnosis and treatment are very important. Antibiotics to cure infection are the first treatment done in most cases. ERCP or other surgical procedure is done when the person is stable. People who are very ill or are quickly getting worse may need surgery right away.
The outcome is very often good with treatment, but poor without it.
Complications may include: Sepsis.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of cholangitis.
Treatment of gallstones, tumors, and infestations of parasites may reduce the risk for some people. A metal or plastic stent that is placed in the bile system may be needed to prevent the infection from returning.
Digestive system Digestive system Bile pathway Bile pathway.
Anstee QM, Jones DEJ. Liver and biliary tract disease.
CholecystitisETDF80,520,620,9000,13390,42500,210500,475190,527000,661710Inflammation of the gallbladder. See Gallbladder programs.
CholecystitisVEGA481,743,865,928Inflammation of the gallbladder. See Gallbladder programs.
Cholecystitis ChronicCAFL432,801,1551Long-term inflammation of the gallbladder. See Gallbladder programs.
Gallbladder
Choledochal CystETDF40,230,850,5750,20000,125190,350000,450000,775170,927000Also called bile duct cysts.
CholelithiasisETDF60,490,570,72500,225000,477500,527000,667000,749000,986220Commonly called Gallstones.
CholeraBIO330,843,844,1035Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae (G- rods: facultative-curved: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. These bacteria release a toxin that causes an increased amount of water to be released from cells that line the intestines. This increase in water produces severe diarrhea. People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. Cholera occurs in places with a lack of water treatment or sewage treatment, or crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include: Africa Some parts of Asia India Bangladesh Mexico South and Central America.
Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. They include: Abdominal cramps Dry mucous membranes or dry mouth Dry skin Excessive thirst Glassy or sunken eyes Lack of tears Lethargy Low urine output Nausea Rapid dehydration Rapid pulse (heart rate) Sunken 'soft spots' (fontanelles) in infants Unusual sleepiness or tiredness Vomiting Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a 'fishy' odor.
Tests that may be done include: Blood culture Stool culture and Gram stain.
The goal of treatment is to replace fluid and salts that are lost through diarrhea. Diarrhea and fluid loss can be fast and extreme. It can be hard to replace lost fluids. Depending on your condition, you may be given fluids by mouth or through a vein ( intravenous , or IV). Antibiotics may shorten the time you feel ill. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed packets of salts that are mixed with clean water to help restore fluids. These are cheaper and easier to use than the typical IV fluid. These packets are now being used around the world.
Severe dehydration can cause death. Most people will make a full recovery when they are given enough fluids.
Complications may include: Severe dehydration Death.
Call your health care provider if you develop severe watery diarrhea. Also call if you have signs of dehydration, including: Dry mouth Dry skin 'Glassy' eyes No tears Rapid pulse Reduced or no urine Sunken eyes Thirst Unusual sleepiness or tiredness.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend cholera vaccines for most travelers. (This vaccine is not available in the United States.) Travelers should always be careful when eating food and drinking water, even if they are vaccinated. When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. Vaccination is not very effective in managing outbreaks.
Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Bacteria Bacteria.
DuPont HL. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera: Cholera is a disease spread mostly through contaminated drinking water and unsanitary conditions. It is endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Russia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It is an acute infection of the intestines with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its main symptom is copious diarrhea. Between 5% and 10% of those infected with the disease will develop severe symptoms, which also include vomiting and leg cramps. In its severe form, cholera can cause death by dehydration. An estimated 200,000 cases are reported to WHO annually.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Source of disease: Vibrio cholerae
CholeraCAFL330,843,844,556,1035,968,591,691Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.
Intestines

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae (G- rods: facultative-curved: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. These bacteria release a toxin that causes an increased amount of water to be released from cells that line the intestines. This increase in water produces severe diarrhea. People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. Cholera occurs in places with a lack of water treatment or sewage treatment, or crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include: Africa Some parts of Asia India Bangladesh Mexico South and Central America.
Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. They include: Abdominal cramps Dry mucous membranes or dry mouth Dry skin Excessive thirst Glassy or sunken eyes Lack of tears Lethargy Low urine output Nausea Rapid dehydration Rapid pulse (heart rate) Sunken 'soft spots' (fontanelles) in infants Unusual sleepiness or tiredness Vomiting Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a 'fishy' odor.
Tests that may be done include: Blood culture Stool culture and Gram stain.
The goal of treatment is to replace fluid and salts that are lost through diarrhea. Diarrhea and fluid loss can be fast and extreme. It can be hard to replace lost fluids. Depending on your condition, you may be given fluids by mouth or through a vein ( intravenous , or IV). Antibiotics may shorten the time you feel ill. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed packets of salts that are mixed with clean water to help restore fluids. These are cheaper and easier to use than the typical IV fluid. These packets are now being used around the world.
Severe dehydration can cause death. Most people will make a full recovery when they are given enough fluids.
Complications may include: Severe dehydration Death.
Call your health care provider if you develop severe watery diarrhea. Also call if you have signs of dehydration, including: Dry mouth Dry skin 'Glassy' eyes No tears Rapid pulse Reduced or no urine Sunken eyes Thirst Unusual sleepiness or tiredness.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend cholera vaccines for most travelers. (This vaccine is not available in the United States.) Travelers should always be careful when eating food and drinking water, even if they are vaccinated. When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. Vaccination is not very effective in managing outbreaks.
Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Bacteria Bacteria.
DuPont HL. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera: Cholera is a disease spread mostly through contaminated drinking water and unsanitary conditions. It is endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Russia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It is an acute infection of the intestines with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its main symptom is copious diarrhea. Between 5% and 10% of those infected with the disease will develop severe symptoms, which also include vomiting and leg cramps. In its severe form, cholera can cause death by dehydration. An estimated 200,000 cases are reported to WHO annually.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Source of disease: Vibrio cholerae
CholeraETDF130,350,950,159220,243050,451170,515190,688290,712230,993410Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae (G- rods: facultative-curved: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. These bacteria release a toxin that causes an increased amount of water to be released from cells that line the intestines. This increase in water produces severe diarrhea. People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. Cholera occurs in places with a lack of water treatment or sewage treatment, or crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include: Africa Some parts of Asia India Bangladesh Mexico South and Central America.
Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. They include: Abdominal cramps Dry mucous membranes or dry mouth Dry skin Excessive thirst Glassy or sunken eyes Lack of tears Lethargy Low urine output Nausea Rapid dehydration Rapid pulse (heart rate) Sunken 'soft spots' (fontanelles) in infants Unusual sleepiness or tiredness Vomiting Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a 'fishy' odor.
Tests that may be done include: Blood culture Stool culture and Gram stain.
The goal of treatment is to replace fluid and salts that are lost through diarrhea. Diarrhea and fluid loss can be fast and extreme. It can be hard to replace lost fluids. Depending on your condition, you may be given fluids by mouth or through a vein ( intravenous , or IV). Antibiotics may shorten the time you feel ill. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed packets of salts that are mixed with clean water to help restore fluids. These are cheaper and easier to use than the typical IV fluid. These packets are now being used around the world.
Severe dehydration can cause death. Most people will make a full recovery when they are given enough fluids.
Complications may include: Severe dehydration Death.
Call your health care provider if you develop severe watery diarrhea. Also call if you have signs of dehydration, including: Dry mouth Dry skin 'Glassy' eyes No tears Rapid pulse Reduced or no urine Sunken eyes Thirst Unusual sleepiness or tiredness.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend cholera vaccines for most travelers. (This vaccine is not available in the United States.) Travelers should always be careful when eating food and drinking water, even if they are vaccinated. When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. Vaccination is not very effective in managing outbreaks.
Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Bacteria Bacteria.
DuPont HL. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera: Cholera is a disease spread mostly through contaminated drinking water and unsanitary conditions. It is endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Russia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It is an acute infection of the intestines with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its main symptom is copious diarrhea. Between 5% and 10% of those infected with the disease will develop severe symptoms, which also include vomiting and leg cramps. In its severe form, cholera can cause death by dehydration. An estimated 200,000 cases are reported to WHO annually.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Source of disease: Vibrio cholerae
CholeraVEGA843,844Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae (G- rods: facultative-curved: enteric pathogens)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. These bacteria release a toxin that causes an increased amount of water to be released from cells that line the intestines. This increase in water produces severe diarrhea. People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. Cholera occurs in places with a lack of water treatment or sewage treatment, or crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include: Africa Some parts of Asia India Bangladesh Mexico South and Central America.
Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. They include: Abdominal cramps Dry mucous membranes or dry mouth Dry skin Excessive thirst Glassy or sunken eyes Lack of tears Lethargy Low urine output Nausea Rapid dehydration Rapid pulse (heart rate) Sunken 'soft spots' (fontanelles) in infants Unusual sleepiness or tiredness Vomiting Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a 'fishy' odor.
Tests that may be done include: Blood culture Stool culture and Gram stain.
The goal of treatment is to replace fluid and salts that are lost through diarrhea. Diarrhea and fluid loss can be fast and extreme. It can be hard to replace lost fluids. Depending on your condition, you may be given fluids by mouth or through a vein ( intravenous , or IV). Antibiotics may shorten the time you feel ill. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed packets of salts that are mixed with clean water to help restore fluids. These are cheaper and easier to use than the typical IV fluid. These packets are now being used around the world.
Severe dehydration can cause death. Most people will make a full recovery when they are given enough fluids.
Complications may include: Severe dehydration Death.
Call your health care provider if you develop severe watery diarrhea. Also call if you have signs of dehydration, including: Dry mouth Dry skin 'Glassy' eyes No tears Rapid pulse Reduced or no urine Sunken eyes Thirst Unusual sleepiness or tiredness.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend cholera vaccines for most travelers. (This vaccine is not available in the United States.) Travelers should always be careful when eating food and drinking water, even if they are vaccinated. When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. Vaccination is not very effective in managing outbreaks.
Digestive system Digestive system Digestive system organs Digestive system organs Bacteria Bacteria.
DuPont HL. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera: Cholera is a disease spread mostly through contaminated drinking water and unsanitary conditions. It is endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Russia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It is an acute infection of the intestines with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its main symptom is copious diarrhea. Between 5% and 10% of those infected with the disease will develop severe symptoms, which also include vomiting and leg cramps. In its severe form, cholera can cause death by dehydration. An estimated 200,000 cases are reported to WHO annually.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholera :
Cholera. Source of disease: Vibrio cholerae
Cholera 2XTRA330,450,556,591,660,690,691,727.5,787,802,843,844,880,968,1035,1550Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.
Cholera 3XTRA450,727,787,802,832,880Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.
Cholera SecondaryCAFL880,802,450,832,787,727Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection of small intestines.
Cholera SpirillumRIFE851000,960873Also called Vibrio Cholerae. See Cholera programs.
Cholera SpirillumXTRA312,13296.87,15013.63Also called Vibrio Cholerae. See Cholera programs.
CholesteatomaCAFL453,618,793,5058Benign tumor usually found in middle ear and mastoid region.
Ear

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholesteatoma :
Cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital). It more commonly occurs as a result of chronic ear infection. The eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear. When it is not working well, negative pressure can build up and pull part of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) inward. This creates a pocket or cyst that fills with old skin cells and other waste material. The cyst may become infected or get bigger. This can cause the breakdown of some of the middle ear bones or other structures of the ear. This can affect hearing, balance, and possibly the function of the facial muscles.
Symptoms include: Dizziness Drainage from the ear , which can be chronic Hearing loss in one ear Sensation of ear fullness or pressure.
An ear exam may show a pocket or opening (perforation) in the eardrum, often with drainage. A deposit of old skin cells may be seen with a microscope or an otoscope, which is a special instrument to view the ear. Sometimes a group of blood vessels may be seen in the ear. The following tests may be performed to rule out other causes of dizziness: CT scan Electronystagmography.
Cholesteatomas very often continue to grow if they are not removed. Surgery is most often successful. However, you may need the ear cleaned by a health care provider from time to time. Another surgery may be needed if the cholesteatoma comes back.
Complications may include: Brain abscess (rare) Erosion into the facial nerve (causing facial paralysis ) Meningitis Spread of the cyst into the brain.
Call your provider if ear pain, drainage from the ear, or other symptoms occur or worsen, or if hearing loss occurs.
Prompt and thorough treatment of chronic ear infection may help prevent cholesteatoma.
Chronic ear infection - cholesteatoma; Chronic otitis - cholesteatoma.
Tympanic membrane Tympanic membrane.
Chole RA. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis.
CholesteatomaVEGA453,618,793Benign tumor usually found in middle ear and mastoid region.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cholesteatoma :
Cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital). It more commonly occurs as a result of chronic ear infection. The eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear. When it is not working well, negative pressure can build up and pull part of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) inward. This creates a pocket or cyst that fills with old skin cells and other waste material. The cyst may become infected or get bigger. This can cause the breakdown of some of the middle ear bones or other structures of the ear. This can affect hearing, balance, and possibly the function of the facial muscles.
Symptoms include: Dizziness Drainage from the ear , which can be chronic Hearing loss in one ear Sensation of ear fullness or pressure.
An ear exam may show a pocket or opening (perforation) in the eardrum, often with drainage. A deposit of old skin cells may be seen with a microscope or an otoscope, which is a special instrument to view the ear. Sometimes a group of blood vessels may be seen in the ear. The following tests may be performed to rule out other causes of dizziness: CT scan Electronystagmography.
Cholesteatomas very often continue to grow if they are not removed. Surgery is most often successful. However, you may need the ear cleaned by a health care provider from time to time. Another surgery may be needed if the cholesteatoma comes back.
Complications may include: Brain abscess (rare) Erosion into the facial nerve (causing facial paralysis ) Meningitis Spread of the cyst into the brain.
Call your provider if ear pain, drainage from the ear, or other symptoms occur or worsen, or if hearing loss occurs.
Prompt and thorough treatment of chronic ear infection may help prevent cholesteatoma.
Chronic ear infection - cholesteatoma; Chronic otitis - cholesteatoma.
Tympanic membrane Tympanic membrane.
Chole RA. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis.
Cholesteatoma Middle EarETDF120,230,970,5250,32500,475190,527000,661710,742000,988900Benign tumor usually found in middle ear and mastoid region.
CholesterinumCAFL1386,173,620,635,780CHOLESTERINUM (Cholesterine) 30CH GR. Indications. Helps to support general liver and gallbladder health.
Chondroectodermal DysplasiaETDF180,620,930,9500,17510,162810,292100,317300,433950,805190Also called Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome. Genetic skeletal and cardiac disorder.
ChondromaETDF60,250,830,96500,375190,450000,517500,687620,712000,992000Benign tumor in cartilage.
Chondromalacia PatellaeETDF40,230,22500,42500,62500,125190,150000,358570,525710,655200Inflammation of the back of the kneecap and softening of cartilage.
ChondrosarcomaETDF80,520,600,2250,11090,45750,222700,522530,691270,750000Skeletal system cancer. See Cancer BY Virus, and Cancer Sarcoma programs.
ChordomaETDF60,490,570,12000,72500,225000,475190,527000,667000,752700Skull and spinal tumors.
ChoreaETDF80,550,50000,85750,95000,229320,475750,527000,667000,721000Abnormal involuntary movement disorder.
ChorioretinitisETDF130,570,870,10890,95190,300000,436420,563190,707260,978850Inflammation of eye's vascular coat. Often due to Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - see these programs.
ChoroideremiaETDF200,460,17500,47500,95190,357300,452590,515270,683000,995380Genetic disorder leading to blindness.
Christmas DiseaseETDF60,230,970,7500,175200,212970,321510,471210,647070,815,56Christmas disease, also called hemophilia B or factor IX hemophilia, is a rare genetic disorder in which your blood doesn't clot properly. If you have Christmas disease, your body produces little or no factor IX. This leads to prolonged or spontaneous bleeding.
ChromiumXTRA383Heavy metal.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chromium :
Chromium - blood test. A blood sample is needed. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
You should stop taking mineral supplements and multivitamins for at least several days before the test. Ask your health care provider if there are other medicines you should stop taking before testing. Also, let your provider know if you have recently had contrast agents containing gadolinium or iodine as part of an imaging study. These substances can interfere with testing.
You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn.
This test may be done to diagnose chromium poisoning or deficiency.
Serum chromium level normally is less than or equal to 1.4 micrograms/milliliter ( g/mL) or 26924.80 nanomoles/L (nmol/L). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test result.
Increased chromium level may result if you are overexposed to the substance. This may happen if you work in the following industries: Leather tanning Electroplating Steel manufacturing Decreased chromium level only occurs in people who receive all of their nutrition by vein (total parenteral nutrition or TPN) and do not get enough chromium.
Test results may be altered if the sample is collected in a metal tube.
Serum chromium.
Blood test Blood test.
Kao LW, Rusyniak DE. Chronic poisoning: trace metals and others.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chromium :
Chromium in diet. Chromium is important in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. It stimulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are important for brain function and other body processes. Chromium also aids in insulin action and glucose metabolism.
The best source of chromium is brewer's yeast. However, many people do not use brewer's yeast because it causes bloating ( abdominal distention ) and nausea. Meat and whole grain products are relatively good sources. Other good sources of chromium include the following: Beef Liver Eggs Chicken Oysters Wheat germ Broccoli Black pepper and molasses are also good sources of chromium.
Chromium deficiency may be seen as impaired glucose tolerance. It occurs in older people with type 2 diabetes and in infants with protein-calorie malnutrition. Taking a chromium supplement may help, but it is not a substitute for other treatment. Because of the low absorption and high excretion rates of chromium, toxicity is not common.
The Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of Medicine recommends the following dietary intake for chromium: Infants 0 to 6 months: 0.2 micrograms per day (mcg/day)* 7 to 12 months: 5.5 mcg/day* Children 1 to 3 years: 11 mcg/day* 4 to 8 years: 15 mcg/day* Males age 9 to 13 years: 25 mcg/day* Females age 9 to 13 years: 21 mcg/day* Adolescents and adults Males age 14 to 50: 35 mcg/day* Males age 51 and over: 30 mcg/day* Females age 14 to 18: 24 mcg/day* Females age 19 to 50: 25 mcg/day* Females age 51 and older: 20 mcg/day* Pregnant females age 19 to 50: 30 mcg/day Lactating females age 19 to 50: 45 mcg/day AI or Adequate Intake* The best way to get the daily requirement of essential vitamins is to eat a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods from the food guide plate. Specific recommendations depend on age, gender, and other factors (such as pregnancy). Women who are pregnant or producing breast milk (lactating) need higher amounts. Ask your health care provider which amount is best for you.
Diet - chromium.
Mason JB. Vitamins, trace minerals, and other micronutrients.
Chromium crXTRA120.31,129.69,11039.05Heavy metal.
Chromium viXTRA19600Heavy metal.
Chromosome 16 AbnormalitiesETDF190,180,620,42500,97500,175000,475190,527000,661710,742000Includes Trisomy 16, FMF, Crohn's Disease, Thalassemia, PKD-1, Autism, Schizophrenia, ADHD, and Synesthesia.
Chromosome 17 AbnormalitiesETDF130,250,730,42500,97500,377910,475270,527000,667000,749000Too many to list here.
Chromosome 18 AbnormalitiesETDF130,350,950,5500,27500,47500,352930,426900,571000,846000Too many to list here.
Chromosome 20 AbnormalitiesETDF120,230,970,15190,63770,132800,302300,452500,825000,975750Too many to list here.
Chromosome 22 AbnormalitiesETDF120,230,970,15190,63770,86440,132800,302300,452500,825000Too many to list here.
Chromosome DisordersETDF190,230,970,15190,63770,258230,302300,452500,833000,975750A chromosomal disorder, disorder, anomaly, aberration, or mutation is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. It can be from a typical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes. Chromosome mutation was formerly used in a strict sense to mean a change in a chromosomal segment, involving more than one gene. The term karyotype refers to the full set of chromosomes from an individual; this can be compared to a normal karyotype for the species via genetic testing. A chromosome anomaly may be detected or confirmed in this manner. Chromosome anomalies usually occur when there is an error in cell division following meiosis or mitosis. There are many types of chromosome anomalies. They can be organized into two basic groups, numerical and structural anomalies.
DNA
Chronic Airflow ObstructionETDF370,410,620,970,7500,15310,87500Also called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Emphysema. Also see Pulmonary Emphysema, COAD, Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive, Chemtrails, and Parasites programs.
Chronic DiseaseETDF40,230,730,850,5870,73250,132500,342500,596500,875270A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.
Chronic DiseaseKHZ10,230,730,850,5870,73250,132500,342500,596500,875270A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.
Chronic FatigueXTRA1.5Constant tiredness. Other use: Inflammation General.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chronic Fatigue :
Chronic fatigue syndrome - resources. Resources - chronic fatigue syndrome; CFS resources.


Encyclopedia Entry for Chronic Fatigue :
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Can be caused by Enteroviruses (Coxsackie B virus), Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpesvirus 6 variant A, Human Herpesvirus 7, Parvovirus B19, XMRV and bacteria Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Chronic Fatigue SyndromeCAFL10000,660,2127,787,465,424,664,120,880,1550Use Chronic Fatigue V, EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell.

Encyclopedia Entry for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome :
Chronic fatigue syndrome - resources. Resources - chronic fatigue syndrome; CFS resources.


Encyclopedia Entry for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome :
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Can be caused by Enteroviruses (Coxsackie B virus), Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpesvirus 6 variant A, Human Herpesvirus 7, Parvovirus B19, XMRV and bacteria Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1XTRA1.1,4.9,6.29,20,27.5,35,72,73,105,120,148,172,220,253,274,410,424,428,465,660,663,664,667,669,690,727.5,738,744,776,778,787,825,880,1013,1032,1920,2127.5,6618,8768,11640.62,11640.62,11718.75,11875,18670.15,18919.09Use Chronic Fatigue V, EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 2XTRA95,125,330,444,788,802,1550,1800,1865,2720,10000,11640.62,11718.75,11875,18670.15,18919.09Use Chronic Fatigue V, EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 3XTRA465,660,666,727,787,880,1550,2127,3902,6123Use Chronic Fatigue V, EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 6XTRA465,727,744,776,778,787,880,1032,1920Use Chronic Fatigue V, EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell. Other use: EBV Secondary.
Chronic Fatigue VCAFL1902,1000,959,649,568,243,922,2422,730,1522,116,1489,962,172,1333Use EBV, Fatigue General, Parasites General, Roundworm, and Flukes programs. If no response, try Cancer Leukemia Hairy Cell.
Chronic HepatitisETDF870,27500,45560,65290,95220,182500,233450,414550,420800,418000Inflammation of liver.
Churg-Strauss SyndromeETDF190,520,650,1000,13930,110530,380000,447500,728980,825270Autoimmune respiratory vascular condition.
CimicifugaCAFL334,594Plant family including Black Snakeroot and Black Cohosh.
CirculationXTRA586The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart.J
Circulation DiabeticXTRA2000Diabetes can cause circulation problems and related conditions, such as PAD. Over time, high levels of blood glucose can damage blood vessels and cause plaque to build up.
Circulation DisturbancesCAFL9.39,9.5,20,40,2112,2145,2489,2720See Circulatory Stasis.
Blood
Circulation DisturbancesXTRA9.39,9.5,40,95,125,160,200,2112,2145,2489,2720See Circulatory Stasis.
Circulation Stimulate IncreasedXTRA17Blood circulation is one of the most important functions in the body. It supplies oxygen to the brain and other organs. It's what makes our bodies work. It can also promote healthier skin and helps cell growth.
Circulation Stimulate NormalizedXTRA337Blood circulation is one of the most important functions in the body. It supplies oxygen to the brain and other organs. It's what makes our bodies work. It can also promote healthier skin and helps cell growth.
Circulatory StasisCAFL40,2112,2145,2720,2489Stimulates blood circulation throughout the body. See Circulation Disturbances programs.
Blood
Cirrhosis HepatitisCAFL291Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
Each time your liver is injured whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause it tries to repair itself. In the process, scar tissue forms. As cirrhosis progresses, more and more scar tissue forms, making it difficult for the liver to function (decompensated cirrhosis). Advanced cirrhosis is life-threatening.
The liver damage done by cirrhosis generally can't be undone. But if liver cirrhosis is diagnosed early and the cause is treated, further damage can be limited and, rarely, reversed.
Liver
Cirrhosis of the LiverXTRA170,381,514,677,715,774,776,1250,2271Failure of liver function due to long-term damage.
Cladosporium FulvumCAFL438,233,776,510Also called Passalora Fulva. Pathogenic fungus.
Skin
Cladosporium Fulvum 1XTRA233,438,510,776Also called Passalora Fulva. Pathogenic fungus.
Skin
Cladosporium Fulvum 2XTRA233,344,438,510,776,943Also called Passalora Fulva. Pathogenic fungus. Other use: Candida Tropicalis.
Skin
Clarity of Thought/Mental Function StimulateXTRA35Clarity of thought is developed via a moment- by- moment process in the midst of thinking. For example: postulating thought on what is clarity of thought?Clarity of thought is one's ability to gather and differentiate all incoming stimuli into a clear definition to position the mind with resolve.
Mind
Clark 2.5KHz Zapper ContactXTRA2500,0,2500,0,2500On 7 mins, off 21 (7-21-7-21-7), Wave=H-Bomb Square, Amplitude=9.5, Offset=100%. Contact Mode.
Clark 2.5KHz Zapper RemoteXTRA2500,250000,2500,250000,2500,250000,50000Dr. Pankaj Mishra, 2.5KHz 70 mins, 250KHz 210, 50KHz 180 (70-210-70-210-70-180 mins), Wave=H-Bomb Square, Amplitude=9.5, Offset=100%. Remote Mode.
Clark 30KHz Zapper ContactXTRA30000,0,30000,0,3000030KHz 7 mins, pause 21 (7-21-7-21-7-21 mins), H-Bomb Square, 9.5V, 100% Pos Offset. Contact Mode.
Clark 30KHz Zapper RemoteXTRA30000,250000,30000,250000,30000,250000,50000Dr. Pankaj Mishra. 30KHz 70 mins, 250KHz 210, 50KHz 180 (70-210-70-210-70-180 mins), H-Bomb Square, 9.5V, 100% Pos Offset. Remote Mode.
Clark Dual Spectrum Zapper RemoteXTRA2500,250000,2500,250000,2500,250000,50000Dual 2.5/30KHz. Use Spooky Boost. Out 2 Control: Out2=(Out1x12) + 0Hz. Wave=H-Bomb square (menu), Spectrum=.02, Amplitude=9.5, Offset=100%. Remote Mode.
Clark Dual Zapper ContactXTRA2500,0,2500,0,2500Dual 2.5/30KHz. Use Spooky Boost. Out 2 Control: Out2=(Out1x12) + 0Hz. Wave=H-Bomb Square, Amplitude=9.5, Offset=100%.
Clark Dual Zapper RemoteXTRA2500,250000,2500,250000,2500,250000,50000Dual 2.5/30KHz. Use Spooky Boost. Out 2 Control: Out2=(Out1x12) + 0Hz. Wave=H-Bomb square, Amplitude=9.5, Offset=100%. Remote Mode.
Cleidocranial DysplasiaETDF170,520,620,850,20300,97500,155270,562500,753200,850000Also called Cleidocranial Dysostosis. Congenital disorder with delayed ossification of skeletal midline.
Clogged Auditory TubesXTRA5092Blocked ear canals. Also see programs for Cerumen and Ear Wax.
Clonorchis SinensisHC425700-428750Chinese Liver Fluke. Also see Parasites Clonorchis Sinensis.
Clonorchis SinensisXTRA1055.2,1058.43,1062.75,13303.12,13343.75,13398.44Chinese Liver Fluke. Also see Parasites Clonorchis Sinensis.
Clostridium AcetobutylicumHC382800-391150Used in genetic engineering.
Clostridium Acetobutylicum 1XTRA948.87,951.84,969.55,11962.5,12000,12223.44Used in genetic engineering.
Clostridium Acetobutylicum 2XTRA951.84,19118.22Used in genetic engineering.
Clostridium BotulinumHC361000-364550Produces the lethal neurotoxin botulinum. See Bacillus Botulinus, Botulinum, and Botulism.
Clostridium Botulinum 1XTRA894.83,897.3,903.62,11281.25,11312.5,11392.19Produces the lethal neurotoxin botulinum. See Bacillus Botulinus, Botulinum, and Botulism.
Clostridium Botulinum 2XTRA11281.25Produces the lethal neurotoxin botulinum. See Bacillus Botulinus, Botulinum, and Botulism.
Clostridium Botulinum 3XTRA897.3,18022.91Produces the lethal neurotoxin botulinum. See Bacillus Botulinus, Botulinum, and Botulism.
Clostridium DifficileCAFL387,635,673,678Also called Clostridium Enterocolitis. Can cause diarrhea following treatment with antibiotics. Updated by Dr Loyd
Colon

Encyclopedia Entry for Clostridium Difficile :
Clostridium difficile colitis. Source of disease: Clostridium difficile
Clostridium EnterocolitisETDF280,750,810,980,107410,128310,176210,517100,609420,717210Also called Clostridium Difficile. Can cause diarrhea following treatment with antibiotics.
Clostridium InfectionsETDF361000,362000,364550,382800,384000,389000,391150,394200,396000,398100Clostridium difficile, which experts recently reclassified as Clostridioides difficile, is a bacterium that resides in the gut. When the levels of gut bacteria become imbalanced, this bacterium can multiply and cause severe health problems. Healthcare professionals call this infection C. difficile or C. diff.
Clostridium InfectionsKHZ160,490,620,850,7500,5500,132500,325750,480500,851170The most frequent clostridial infection is minor, self-limited gastroenteritis, typically due to C. perfringens type A. Serious clostridial diseases are relatively rare but can be fatal.
Abdominal disorders, such as cholecystitis, peritonitis, ruptured appendix, and bowel perforation can involve C. perfringens, C. ramosum, and many others.
Muscle necrosis and soft-tissue infection, which is characterized by crepitant cellulitis, myositis, and clostridial myonecrosis, can be caused by C. perfringens.
Skin and tissue necrosis can be caused by bloodborne C. septicum from the colon.
Clostridia also appear as components of mixed flora in common mild wound infections; their role in such infections is unclear.
Hospital-acquired clostridial infection is increasing, particularly in postoperative and immunocompromised patients. Severe clostridial sepsis may complicate intestinal perforation and obstruction.
Clostridium Perfringens SporesHC394200-398100Can cause food poisoning, gas gangrene, bacteremia, cholecystitis, and tissue necrosis.
Clostridium Perfringens Spores 1XTRA974.39,977.12,12284.37,12318.75,12375Can cause food poisoning, gas gangrene, bacteremia, cholecystitis, and tissue necrosis.
Clostridium SepticumHC362050-365600Causes gas gangrene.
Clostridium Septicum 1XTRA897.42,902.26,906.23,11314.05,11375,11425Causes gas gangrene.
Clostridium Septicum 2XTRA902.26,18122.49Causes gas gangrene.
Clostridium TetaniXTRA120,244,352,363,458,465,554,600,625,628,650,660,690,727.5,787,880,1142,14625Causes tetanus - see Tetanus programs.
CMVBIO126,597,1045,2145Cytomegalovirus, also known as Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV - gastroenteritis/colitis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes-type virus. It is related to the virus that causes chickenpox. Infection with CMV is very common. It is spread by saliva, urine, respiratory droplets, sexual contact, and blood transfusions. Most people are exposed at some point, but most of the time, the virus produces mild or no symptoms in healthy people. Serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems due to: AIDS Chemotherapy treatment for cancer During or after bone marrow or organ transplant Ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease Rarely, serious CMV infection involving the GI tract has occurred in people with a healthy immune system.
Gastrointestinal CMV disease may affect one area or the entire body. Ulcers can occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or colon. These ulcers are associated with symptoms such as: Abdominal pain Difficulty swallowing or pain with swallowing Nausea Vomiting When the intestines are involved, the ulcers may cause: Abdominal pain Bloody stools Diarrhea Fever Weight loss More severe infections can result in gastrointestinal bleeding or a hole through the wall of the bowel.
Tests that may be done include: Barium enema Colonoscopy Upper endoscopy (EGD) Stool culture to rule out other causes of infection Upper GI and small bowel series Laboratory tests will be done on a sample of tissue taken from your stomach or intestine. The tests, such as a gastric or intestinal tissue culture or biopsy, determine if the virus is in the tissue. A CMV serology test is done to look for antibodies to the CMV virus in your blood. Another blood test that looks for the presence and number of virus particles in the blood can also be done.
Treatment is meant to control the infection and relieve symptoms. Medicines to fight the virus (antiviral medicines) are prescribed. The medicines may be given through a vein (IV), and sometimes by mouth, for several weeks. The most commonly used medicines are ganciclovir and valganciclovir, and foscarnet. In some cases, long-term therapy may be needed. A medicine called CMV hyperimmune globulin may be used when other drugs don't work. Other medicines may include: Drugs to prevent or reduce diarrhea Painkillers (analgesics) Nutritional supplements or nutrition given through a vein (IV) may be used to treat muscle loss due to the disease.
In people with a healthy immune system, symptoms go away without treatment in most cases. Symptoms are more severe in those with a weakened immune system. The outcome depends on how severe the immune system deficiency and the CMV infection are. People with AIDS may have a worse outcome than those with a weakened immune system due to another reason. CMV infection typically affects the entire body, even if only gastrointestinal symptoms are present. How well a person does depends on how well the antiviral drugs work.
The drugs used to fight the virus may cause side effects. The type of side effect depends on the specific drug used. For example, the drug ganciclovir may lower your white blood cell count. Another drug, foscarnet, may lead to kidney problems.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of CMV gastroenteritis/colitis.
There is a high risk of CMV infection in people who receive an organ transplant from a CMV-positive donor. Taking the antiviral drugs ganciclovir (Cytovene) and valganciclovir (Valcyte) by mouth before the transplant can lower your chance of getting a new infection or reactivating an old infection. People with AIDS who are effectively treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy are much less likely to get a CMV infection.
Colitis - cytomegalovirus; Gastroenteritis - cytomegalovirus; Gastrointestinal CMV disease.
Gastrointestinal anatomy Gastrointestinal anatomy Stomach and stomach lining Stomach and stomach lining CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crumpacker CS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV blood test. A blood sample is needed.
There is no special preparation for the test.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
The test is performed to detect current active CMV infection , or past CMV infection in people who are at risk of reactivation of infection (such as organ transplant recipients and people with a suppressed immune system). The test may also be performed to detect CMV infection in newborns.
People who have never been infected with CMV have no detectable antibodies to CMV. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
The presence of antibodies to CMV indicates a current or past infection with CMV. If the number of antibodies (called the antibody titer) rises over a few weeks, it may mean that you have a current or recent infection. Long-term (chronic) CMV infection (in which the antibody count stays about the same over time) can reactivate in a person with a suppressed immune system.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
To detect a blood or organ infection with CMV, the provider can test for the presence of CMV itself in the blood or a specific organ.
CMV antibody tests.
Blood test Blood test.
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Cytomegalovirus antibody serum.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV pneumonia. CMV pneumonia is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV is very common. Most people are exposed to CMV in their lifetime, but typically only those with weakened immune systems become ill from CMV infection. Serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems as a result of: HIV/AIDS Bone marrow transplant Chemotherapy or other treatments that suppress the immune system Organ transplant In people who have had organ and bone marrow transplants, the risk for infection is greatest 5 to 13 weeks after the transplant.
In otherwise healthy people, CMV usually produces no symptoms, or it produces a temporary mononucleosis-type illness. However, those with a weakened immune system can develop serious symptoms. Symptoms may include: Cough Fatigue Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling ( malaise ) Loss of appetite Muscle aches or joint pains Shortness of breath Sweating, excessive (night sweats).
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. In addition, the following tests may be done: Arterial blood gas Blood culture Blood tests to detect and measure substances specific to CMV infection Bronchoscopy (may include biopsy ) Chest x-ray CT scan of chest Urine culture (clean catch) Sputum gram stain and culture.
The goal of treatment is to use antiviral drugs to stop the virus from copying itself in the body. Some people with CMV pneumonia need IV (intravenous) medicines. Some people may need oxygen therapy and breathing support with a ventilator to maintain oxygen until the infection is brought under control.
Antiviral drugs stop the virus from copying itself, but do not destroy it. The CMV suppresses the immune system, and may increase your risk for other infections. Low oxygen level in the blood of people with CMV pneumonia often predicts death, especially in those who need to be placed on a breathing machine.
Complications of CMV infection in people with HIV/AIDS include spread of disease to other parts of the body, such as the esophagus, intestine, or eye. Complications of CMV pneumonia include: Kidney impairment (from drugs used to treat the condition) Low white blood cell count (from drugs used to treat the condition) Overwhelming infection that doesn't respond to treatment Resistance of CMV to standard treatment.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of CMV pneumonia.
The following have been shown to help prevent CMV pneumonia in certain people: Using organ transplant donors who don't have CMV Using CMV-negative blood products for transfusion Using CMV-immune globulin in certain people Preventing HIV/AIDS avoids certain other diseases, including CMV, that can occur in people who have a weakened immune system.
Pneumonia - cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus pneumonia; Viral pneumonia.
Pneumonia in adults - discharge.
CMV pneumonia CMV pneumonia CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crothers K, Morris A, Huang L. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV retinitis. CMV retinitis is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV is very common. Most people are exposed to CMV in their lifetime, but typically only those with weakened immune systems become ill from CMV infection. Serious CMV infections can occur in people who have weakened immune systems as a result of: HIV/AIDS Bone marrow transplant Chemotherapy Drugs that suppress the immune system Organ transplant.
Some people with CMV retinitis have no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include: Blind spots Blurred vision and other vision problems Floaters Retinitis usually begins in one eye, but often progresses to the other eye. Without treatment, damage to the retina can lead to blindness in 4 to 6 months or less.
CMV retinitis is diagnosed through an ophthalmologic exam. Dilation of the pupils and ophthalmoscopy will show signs of CMV retinitis. CMV infection can be diagnosed with blood or urine tests that look for substances specific to the infection. A tissue biopsy can detect the viral infection and presence of CMV virus particles, but this is rarely done.
The goal of treatment is to stabilize or restore vision and prevent blindness. Long-term treatment is often needed. Medicines may be given by mouth (orally), through a vein (intravenously), or injected directly into the eye (intravitreously).
Even with treatment, the disease can worsen to blindness. This progression may be because the virus becomes resistant to the antiviral drugs so that the drugs are no longer effective, or because the person's immune system has deteriorated further. CMV retinitis may also lead to retinal detachment , in which the retina detaches from the back of the eye, causing blindness.
Complications that may result include: Kidney impairment (from drugs used to treat the condition) Low white blood cell count (from drugs used to treat the condition).
If symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms develop, call your health care provider. People with HIV/AIDS (especially those with a very low CD4 count) who have vision problems should make an appointment right away for an eye exam.
A CMV infection usually only causes symptoms in people with a weakened immune system. Certain medicines (like cancer therapy) and diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) can cause a weakened immune system. People with AIDS who have a CD4 count of less than 250 cells/microliter or 250 cells/cubic millimeter should be examined regularly for this condition, even if they do not have symptoms. If you had CMV retinitis in the past, ask your provider if you need treatment to prevent its return.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Eye Eye CMV retinitis CMV retinitis CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crumpacker CS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV).
CMVVEGA2145Cytomegalovirus, also known as Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV - gastroenteritis/colitis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes-type virus. It is related to the virus that causes chickenpox. Infection with CMV is very common. It is spread by saliva, urine, respiratory droplets, sexual contact, and blood transfusions. Most people are exposed at some point, but most of the time, the virus produces mild or no symptoms in healthy people. Serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems due to: AIDS Chemotherapy treatment for cancer During or after bone marrow or organ transplant Ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease Rarely, serious CMV infection involving the GI tract has occurred in people with a healthy immune system.
Gastrointestinal CMV disease may affect one area or the entire body. Ulcers can occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or colon. These ulcers are associated with symptoms such as: Abdominal pain Difficulty swallowing or pain with swallowing Nausea Vomiting When the intestines are involved, the ulcers may cause: Abdominal pain Bloody stools Diarrhea Fever Weight loss More severe infections can result in gastrointestinal bleeding or a hole through the wall of the bowel.
Tests that may be done include: Barium enema Colonoscopy Upper endoscopy (EGD) Stool culture to rule out other causes of infection Upper GI and small bowel series Laboratory tests will be done on a sample of tissue taken from your stomach or intestine. The tests, such as a gastric or intestinal tissue culture or biopsy, determine if the virus is in the tissue. A CMV serology test is done to look for antibodies to the CMV virus in your blood. Another blood test that looks for the presence and number of virus particles in the blood can also be done.
Treatment is meant to control the infection and relieve symptoms. Medicines to fight the virus (antiviral medicines) are prescribed. The medicines may be given through a vein (IV), and sometimes by mouth, for several weeks. The most commonly used medicines are ganciclovir and valganciclovir, and foscarnet. In some cases, long-term therapy may be needed. A medicine called CMV hyperimmune globulin may be used when other drugs don't work. Other medicines may include: Drugs to prevent or reduce diarrhea Painkillers (analgesics) Nutritional supplements or nutrition given through a vein (IV) may be used to treat muscle loss due to the disease.
In people with a healthy immune system, symptoms go away without treatment in most cases. Symptoms are more severe in those with a weakened immune system. The outcome depends on how severe the immune system deficiency and the CMV infection are. People with AIDS may have a worse outcome than those with a weakened immune system due to another reason. CMV infection typically affects the entire body, even if only gastrointestinal symptoms are present. How well a person does depends on how well the antiviral drugs work.
The drugs used to fight the virus may cause side effects. The type of side effect depends on the specific drug used. For example, the drug ganciclovir may lower your white blood cell count. Another drug, foscarnet, may lead to kidney problems.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of CMV gastroenteritis/colitis.
There is a high risk of CMV infection in people who receive an organ transplant from a CMV-positive donor. Taking the antiviral drugs ganciclovir (Cytovene) and valganciclovir (Valcyte) by mouth before the transplant can lower your chance of getting a new infection or reactivating an old infection. People with AIDS who are effectively treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy are much less likely to get a CMV infection.
Colitis - cytomegalovirus; Gastroenteritis - cytomegalovirus; Gastrointestinal CMV disease.
Gastrointestinal anatomy Gastrointestinal anatomy Stomach and stomach lining Stomach and stomach lining CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crumpacker CS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV blood test. A blood sample is needed.
There is no special preparation for the test.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
The test is performed to detect current active CMV infection , or past CMV infection in people who are at risk of reactivation of infection (such as organ transplant recipients and people with a suppressed immune system). The test may also be performed to detect CMV infection in newborns.
People who have never been infected with CMV have no detectable antibodies to CMV. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
The presence of antibodies to CMV indicates a current or past infection with CMV. If the number of antibodies (called the antibody titer) rises over a few weeks, it may mean that you have a current or recent infection. Long-term (chronic) CMV infection (in which the antibody count stays about the same over time) can reactivate in a person with a suppressed immune system.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken).
To detect a blood or organ infection with CMV, the provider can test for the presence of CMV itself in the blood or a specific organ.
CMV antibody tests.
Blood test Blood test.
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Cytomegalovirus antibody serum.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV pneumonia. CMV pneumonia is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV is very common. Most people are exposed to CMV in their lifetime, but typically only those with weakened immune systems become ill from CMV infection. Serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems as a result of: HIV/AIDS Bone marrow transplant Chemotherapy or other treatments that suppress the immune system Organ transplant In people who have had organ and bone marrow transplants, the risk for infection is greatest 5 to 13 weeks after the transplant.
In otherwise healthy people, CMV usually produces no symptoms, or it produces a temporary mononucleosis-type illness. However, those with a weakened immune system can develop serious symptoms. Symptoms may include: Cough Fatigue Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling ( malaise ) Loss of appetite Muscle aches or joint pains Shortness of breath Sweating, excessive (night sweats).
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. In addition, the following tests may be done: Arterial blood gas Blood culture Blood tests to detect and measure substances specific to CMV infection Bronchoscopy (may include biopsy ) Chest x-ray CT scan of chest Urine culture (clean catch) Sputum gram stain and culture.
The goal of treatment is to use antiviral drugs to stop the virus from copying itself in the body. Some people with CMV pneumonia need IV (intravenous) medicines. Some people may need oxygen therapy and breathing support with a ventilator to maintain oxygen until the infection is brought under control.
Antiviral drugs stop the virus from copying itself, but do not destroy it. The CMV suppresses the immune system, and may increase your risk for other infections. Low oxygen level in the blood of people with CMV pneumonia often predicts death, especially in those who need to be placed on a breathing machine.
Complications of CMV infection in people with HIV/AIDS include spread of disease to other parts of the body, such as the esophagus, intestine, or eye. Complications of CMV pneumonia include: Kidney impairment (from drugs used to treat the condition) Low white blood cell count (from drugs used to treat the condition) Overwhelming infection that doesn't respond to treatment Resistance of CMV to standard treatment.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of CMV pneumonia.
The following have been shown to help prevent CMV pneumonia in certain people: Using organ transplant donors who don't have CMV Using CMV-negative blood products for transfusion Using CMV-immune globulin in certain people Preventing HIV/AIDS avoids certain other diseases, including CMV, that can occur in people who have a weakened immune system.
Pneumonia - cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus pneumonia; Viral pneumonia.
Pneumonia in adults - discharge.
CMV pneumonia CMV pneumonia CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crothers K, Morris A, Huang L. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for CMV :
CMV retinitis. CMV retinitis is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV is very common. Most people are exposed to CMV in their lifetime, but typically only those with weakened immune systems become ill from CMV infection. Serious CMV infections can occur in people who have weakened immune systems as a result of: HIV/AIDS Bone marrow transplant Chemotherapy Drugs that suppress the immune system Organ transplant.
Some people with CMV retinitis have no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include: Blind spots Blurred vision and other vision problems Floaters Retinitis usually begins in one eye, but often progresses to the other eye. Without treatment, damage to the retina can lead to blindness in 4 to 6 months or less.
CMV retinitis is diagnosed through an ophthalmologic exam. Dilation of the pupils and ophthalmoscopy will show signs of CMV retinitis. CMV infection can be diagnosed with blood or urine tests that look for substances specific to the infection. A tissue biopsy can detect the viral infection and presence of CMV virus particles, but this is rarely done.
The goal of treatment is to stabilize or restore vision and prevent blindness. Long-term treatment is often needed. Medicines may be given by mouth (orally), through a vein (intravenously), or injected directly into the eye (intravitreously).
Even with treatment, the disease can worsen to blindness. This progression may be because the virus becomes resistant to the antiviral drugs so that the drugs are no longer effective, or because the person's immune system has deteriorated further. CMV retinitis may also lead to retinal detachment , in which the retina detaches from the back of the eye, causing blindness.
Complications that may result include: Kidney impairment (from drugs used to treat the condition) Low white blood cell count (from drugs used to treat the condition).
If symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms develop, call your health care provider. People with HIV/AIDS (especially those with a very low CD4 count) who have vision problems should make an appointment right away for an eye exam.
A CMV infection usually only causes symptoms in people with a weakened immune system. Certain medicines (like cancer therapy) and diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) can cause a weakened immune system. People with AIDS who have a CD4 count of less than 250 cells/microliter or 250 cells/cubic millimeter should be examined regularly for this condition, even if they do not have symptoms. If you had CMV retinitis in the past, ask your provider if you need treatment to prevent its return.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Eye Eye CMV retinitis CMV retinitis CMV (cytomegalovirus) CMV (cytomegalovirus).
Crumpacker CS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV).
CMV 1XTRA126,597,629,682,1045,2145,8848,8856Cytomegalovirus, also known as Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5.
CMV 2XTRA1013.8,20362.9Cytomegalovirus, also known as Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5.
COADETDF370,410,620,970,7500,15310,87500,209220,302340,408110,532670Also called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Emphysema. Also see Pulmonary Emphysema, Chronic Airflow Obstruction, COAD, Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive, Chemtrails, and Parasites programs.
CobaltXTRA14075Heavy metal.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cobalt :
Cobalt poisoning. Cobalt.
Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, an essential vitamin. Cobalt may also be found in: Alloys Batteries Chemistry/crystal sets Drill bits, saw blades, and other machine tools Dyes and pigments (cobalt blue) Magnets Some metal-on-metal hip implants Tires Cobalt was once used as a stabilizer in beer foam. It caused a condition called 'beer-drinker's heart,' which resulted in heart muscle weakness. This list may not be all-inclusive.
Usually you have to be exposed to high levels of cobalt for weeks to months to have symptoms. However, it is possible to have some symptoms if you swallow a large amount of cobalt at once. The most worrisome form of cobalt poisoning occurs when you breathe too much into your lungs. This usually will only happen in industrial settings where large amounts of drilling, polishing, or other processes release fine particles containing cobalt into the air. Breathing in this cobalt dust can lead to chronic lung problems. If you breathe in this substance for long periods, you will likely develop breathing problems that are similar to asthma or pulmonary fibrosis, such as shortness of breath and decreased exercise tolerance. Cobalt poisoning that occurs from constant contact with your skin will likely cause irritation and rashes that go away slowly. Swallowing a large amount of absorbable cobalt at one time is very rare and is likely not very dangerous. It may cause nausea and vomiting. However, absorbing a large amount of cobalt over longer periods of time can lead to serious health problems, such as: Cardiomyopathy (a problem where your heart becomes big and floppy and has problems pumping blood) Deafness Nerve problems Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) Thickening of the blood Thyroid problems.
If you or someone you know has been exposed to cobalt, the first step is to leave the area and get fresh air. If cobalt came in contact with the skin, wash the area thoroughly.
If possible, determine the following information: Person's age, weight, and condition (for example, is the person awake or alert?) Name of the product (ingredients and strengths, if known) Time it was swallowed Amount swallowed However, DO NOT delay calling for help if this information is not immediately available.
Your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions. This is a free and confidential service. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. You can call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
If you swallowed a large amount of cobalt, or you are starting to feel sick from long-term exposure, you should go to an emergency room. Treatment for skin contact : Since these rashes are rarely serious, very little will be done. The area may be washed and a skin cream may be prescribed. Treatment for lung involvement : Breathing problems will be treated based on your symptoms. Breathing treatments and medications to treat swelling and inflammation in your lungs may be prescribed. X-rays and EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) may be done. Treatment for swallowed cobalt : The health care team will treat your symptoms and order some blood tests. X-rays and EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing) may be performed. In the rare case that you have large levels of cobalt in your blood, you may need hemodialysis (kidney machine) and get medicines (antidotes) to reverse the effects of the poison. Treatment for signs of cobalt toxicity from a metal-on-metal hip implant may include removing the implant and replacing it with a traditional hip implant.
People who get sick from being exposed to large amounts of cobalt on one single occasion usually recover and have no long-term complications. The symptoms and problems associated with long-term cobalt poisoning are rarely reversible. People who have such poisoning will likely have to take medicine for the rest of their life to control the symptoms.
Cobalt chloride; Cobalt oxide; Cobalt sulfate.
Aronson JK. Cobalt.
Cobalt coXTRA502.67,541.88,11530.27Heavy metal.
Coccidiodes ImmitisXTRA336,337,20000Fungus causing Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley Fever - see these programs.
CoccidioidomycosisETDF40,240,650,850,2500,13060,119500,695000,722700,932410Fungal infection by Coccidiodes Immitis - see this program. Usually respiratory, and can involve fever, muscle/joint pain, rash/lesions, and headache.

Encyclopedia Entry for Coccidioidomycosis :
Coccidioidomycosis - San Joaquin Valley fever, desert rheumatism, Posada-Wernicke disease- Coccidioides immitis (dimorphic fungus).

Encyclopedia Entry for Coccidioidomycosis :
Coccidioidomycosis. Source of disease: Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii
CoccidiosisXTRA336,337,20000Parasitic disease of GI tract caused by coccidian protozoa.
CoeliaciaBIO154,594,656Also called Caeliacia, Celiac or Coeliac Disease - see these programs.
CoeliaciaVEGA594,656Also called Caeliacia, Celiac or Coeliac Disease - see these programs.
CoeliaciaXTRA154,586,584,656,665,668,674,787,7958Also called Caeliacia, Celiac or Coeliac Disease - see these programs.
Cold 1CAFL5500,4400,802,787,727,720,552,440,400,125,72,800,880Overview
The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat (upper respiratory tract). It's usually harmless, although it might not feel that way. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold.
Children younger than 6 are at greatest risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have two or three colds annually.
Most people recover from a common cold in a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke. If symptoms don't improve, see your doctor.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a common cold usually appear one to three days after exposure to a cold-causing virus. Signs and symptoms, which can vary from person to person, might include:
Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Cough
Congestion
Slight body aches or a mild headache
Sneezing
Low-grade fever
Generally feeling unwell (malaise)
The discharge from your nose may become thicker and yellow or green in color as a common cold runs its course. This isn't an indication of a bacterial infection.
Cold 2CAFL652,725,746,751,768,1110,333,666,542,522A cold begins when a virus attaches to the lining of your nose or throat. Your immune system -- the body's defense against germs -- sends out white blood cells to attack this invader.
Cold 3CAFL20,120,146,440,444,465,727,776,787,880,1500,1550,5000,1000Fall '99.
Cold 4CAFL3176,2489,880,800,728A cold begins when a virus attaches to the lining of your nose or throat. Your immune system -- the body's defense against germs -- sends out white blood cells to attack this invader.
Cold 5CAFL7728,4888,8238,2413,880,787,776,727,440,746,567,7880,787,300,310,1234,9999A cold begins when avirus attaches to the lining of your nose or throat.Your immune system -- the body'sdefense against germs -- sends out white blood cells to attack this invader.
Cold 6CAFL352,412,450,660,683,688,727,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,787,802,880,975,1200,1234,1228,1550,1862,2400,2688,3672,3702,5000,7344,7660A cold begins when avirus attaches to the lining of your nose or throat.Your immune system -- the body'sdefense against germs -- sends out white blood cells to attack this invader.
Cold and FluCAFL250,465,8210,8700,7760Fall '98.
Cold and FluETDF120,550,850,7500,12500,40000,120000,313350,320000,615000Cold and Flu general program
Cold and FluPROV13916.02The common cold, including chest cold and head cold, and seasonal flu are caused by viruses. Use over-the-counter cold medications to relieve symptoms including sore throat, runny nose, congestion, and cough. Flu symptoms are similar, but include fever, headache and muscle soreness. See a doctor who may prescribe antiviral medications Relenza or Tamiflu.
Cold and Flu BasicXTRA959,962,8700Cold and Flu Overview. The common cold, including chest cold and head cold, and seasonal flu are caused by viruses. Use over-the-counter cold medications to relieve symptoms including sore throat, runny nose, congestion, and cough. Flu symptoms are similar, but include fever, headache and muscle soreness.
Cold and Flu General 1998CAFL250,465,7760,8210,8700Basic cold and flu program
Cold CommonETDF120,550,850,7500,120000,315500,472500,725750,850000,975980Program for the common cold
Cold CoughingCAFL727,10000Reduce coughing.
Cold Feet and HandsCAFL20,125,146,200,727,787,880,5000People who suffer from anemia generally feel tired and weak and might experience symptoms that include irregular heartbeat, headache, chest pain, and cold hands and feet. Anemia may be caused by iron and vitamin deficiency, diseases such as cancer and HIV, and the body's inability to produce enough red blood cells.
Cold In Head Or Chest 1CAFL20,444,727,776,787,880,1550,5000,10000A head cold occurs when a viral infection causes symptoms primarily in the head, such as a stuffy nose or a headache. It differs from a chest cold because of the location of the symptoms. Chest colds cause symptoms including chest congestion and coughing.
Cold In Head Or Chest 2CAFL20,333,444,727,766,776,787,802,880,1550,4412,7344,10000A head cold occurs when a viral infection causes symptoms primarily in the head, such as a stuffy nose or a headache. It differs from a chest cold because of the location of the symptoms. Chest colds cause symptoms including chest congestion and coughing.
Cold SoresCAFL322,476,589,664,785,822,895,944,1043,1614,2062,2950See Herpes simplex i program.
Cold Sores 3XTRA470,647,648,650,652,654,656,658,660,847,5641,8650Cold sores also called fever blisters are a common viral infection. They are tiny, fluid-filled blisters on and around your lips. These blisters are often grouped together in patches. After the blisters break, a crust forms over the resulting sore. Cold sores usually heal in two to four weeks without leaving a scar.
Cold sores spread from person to person by close contact, such as kissing. They're caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) closely related to the one that causes genital herpes (HSV-2). Both of these viruses can affect your mouth or genitals and can be spread by oral sex. Cold sores are contagious even if you don't see the sores.
There's no cure for HSV infection, and the blisters may return. Antiviral medications can help cold sores heal more quickly and may reduce how often they return.
Cold Sores 5XTRA723.79,856.4,14537.81,17201.43Cold sores also called fever blisters are a common viral infection. They are tiny, fluid-filled blisters on and around your lips. These blisters are often grouped together in patches. After the blisters break, a crust forms over the resulting sore. Cold sores usually heal in two to four weeks without leaving a scar.
Cold sores spread from person to person by close contact, such as kissing. They're caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) closely related to the one that causes genital herpes (HSV-2). Both of these viruses can affect your mouth or genitals and can be spread by oral sex. Cold sores are contagious even if you don't see the sores.
There's no cure for HSV infection, and the blisters may return. Antiviral medications can help cold sores heal more quickly and may reduce how often they return.
Coli RodXTRA8020See also Bacillus Coli Rod Form and B Coli Rod Form. Other use: lupus (Dwell Multiplier=4).
Coli VirusXTRA17220See also Bacillus Coli Virus and B Coli Virus.
ColicCAFL1550,832,802,787,727,20Pain which starts and stops abruptly, usually due to contractions of tubular structure. Use Cramping and Nausea, and General Antiseptic programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colic :
Colic and crying - self-care. Colic normally begins at about the same time every day. Babies with colic are usually fussier in the evenings. Colic symptoms often begin suddenly. Your baby's hands may be in a fist. The legs may curl up and the belly may seem swollen. Crying may last for minutes to hours. Crying often calms down when your baby is tired or when gas or stool is passed. Even though colicky babies look like they have belly pain, they eat well and gain weight normally.
Causes of colic may include any of the following: Pain from gas Hunger Overfeeding Baby cannot tolerate certain foods or certain proteins in breast milk or formula Sensitivity to certain stimuli Emotions such as fear, frustration, or even excitement People around the baby may also seem worried, anxious, or depressed.
Your baby's health care provider can often diagnose colic by asking you about the baby's medical history, symptoms, and how long the crying lasts. The provider will perform a physical exam and may do some tests to check your baby. The provider needs to make sure your baby does not have other medical problems, such as reflux , a hernia , or intussusception.
Foods that are passed through your breast milk to your baby may trigger colic. If your baby is colicky and you are breastfeeding, avoid eating or drinking the following foods for a few weeks to see if that helps. Stimulants, such as caffeine and chocolate. Dairy products and nuts. Your baby may have allergies to these foods. Some breastfeeding moms avoid eating broccoli, cabbage, beans, and other gas-producing foods. But research has not shown that these foods can have a negative effect on your baby. Other possible triggers include: Medicines passed through breast milk. If you are breastfeeding, talk to your own doctor about the medicines you take. Baby formula. Some babies are sensitive to proteins in formula. Talk to your baby's doctor about switching formulas to see if that helps. Overfeeding or feeding the baby too quickly. Bottle feeding your baby should take about 20 minutes. If your baby is eating faster, use a nipple with a smaller hole. Talk to a lactation consultant to learn more about the possible causes related to breastfeeding.
What comforts one baby may not calm another. And what calms your baby during one episode may not work for the next. But try different techniques and revisit what seems to help, even if it only helps a little. If you breastfeed: Allow your baby to finish nursing on the first breast before offering the second. The milk at the end of emptying each breast, called the hind milk, is far richer and sometimes more soothing. If your baby still seems uncomfortable or is eating too much, offer only one breast as often as you want, over a 2 to 3 hour period. This will give your baby more hind milk. Sometimes it can be really hard to stop your baby from crying. Here are techniques you may want to try: Swaddle your baby. Wrap your baby snugly in a blanket. Hold your baby. Holding your baby more may help them be less fussy in the evening. This will not spoil your baby. Try an infant carrier that you wear on your body to hold your baby close. Gently rock your baby. Rocking calms your baby and can help your baby pass gas. When babies cry, they swallow air. They get more gas and more stomach pain, which causes them to cry more. So babies get in a cycle that is hard to break. Try an infant swing if your baby is at least 3 weeks old and can hold their head up. Sing to your baby. Hold your baby in an upright position. This helps your baby pass gas and reduces heartburn. Try placing a warm towel or warm water bottle on the baby's stomach. Lay babies on their stomach when they are awake and give them back rubs. DO NOT let babies sleep on their stomachs. Babies who sleep on their stomachs have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ). Give your baby a pacifier to suck on. Put your baby in a stroller and go for a walk. Put your baby in a car seat and go for a drive. If this works, look for a device that makes a car motion and sound. Put your baby in a crib and turn on something with white noise. You can use a white noise machine, a fan, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, or dishwasher. Simethicone drops are sold without a prescription and may help reduce gas. This medicine is not absorbed by the body and is safe for infants. A doctor may prescribe stronger medicines if your baby has severe colic.
Your baby will most likely outgrow colic by 3 to 4 months of age. There are usually no complications from colic. Parents can get really stressed when a baby cries a lot. Know when you have reached your limit and ask family members or friends to help. If you feel like you may shake or hurt your baby, get help right away.
Call the provider if your baby is: Crying a lot 3 months old and still has colic You need to make sure that your baby does not have any serious medical problems. Call your baby's provider right away if: Your baby's behavior or crying pattern changes suddenly Your baby has a fever, forceful vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, or other stomach problems Get help right away for yourself if you feel overwhelmed or have thoughts of harming your baby.
Infantile colic - self-care; Fussy baby - colic - self-care.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Healthychildren.org website. Colic relief tips for parents. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx. Updated November 21, 2015. Accessed October 6, 2017. Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Crying and colic.
ColicETDF130,230,620,1000,7500,155980,396500,415700,575270,927000Pain which starts and stops abruptly, usually due to contractions of tubular structure. Use Cramping and Nausea, and General Antiseptic programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colic :
Colic and crying - self-care. Colic normally begins at about the same time every day. Babies with colic are usually fussier in the evenings. Colic symptoms often begin suddenly. Your baby's hands may be in a fist. The legs may curl up and the belly may seem swollen. Crying may last for minutes to hours. Crying often calms down when your baby is tired or when gas or stool is passed. Even though colicky babies look like they have belly pain, they eat well and gain weight normally.
Causes of colic may include any of the following: Pain from gas Hunger Overfeeding Baby cannot tolerate certain foods or certain proteins in breast milk or formula Sensitivity to certain stimuli Emotions such as fear, frustration, or even excitement People around the baby may also seem worried, anxious, or depressed.
Your baby's health care provider can often diagnose colic by asking you about the baby's medical history, symptoms, and how long the crying lasts. The provider will perform a physical exam and may do some tests to check your baby. The provider needs to make sure your baby does not have other medical problems, such as reflux , a hernia , or intussusception.
Foods that are passed through your breast milk to your baby may trigger colic. If your baby is colicky and you are breastfeeding, avoid eating or drinking the following foods for a few weeks to see if that helps. Stimulants, such as caffeine and chocolate. Dairy products and nuts. Your baby may have allergies to these foods. Some breastfeeding moms avoid eating broccoli, cabbage, beans, and other gas-producing foods. But research has not shown that these foods can have a negative effect on your baby. Other possible triggers include: Medicines passed through breast milk. If you are breastfeeding, talk to your own doctor about the medicines you take. Baby formula. Some babies are sensitive to proteins in formula. Talk to your baby's doctor about switching formulas to see if that helps. Overfeeding or feeding the baby too quickly. Bottle feeding your baby should take about 20 minutes. If your baby is eating faster, use a nipple with a smaller hole. Talk to a lactation consultant to learn more about the possible causes related to breastfeeding.
What comforts one baby may not calm another. And what calms your baby during one episode may not work for the next. But try different techniques and revisit what seems to help, even if it only helps a little. If you breastfeed: Allow your baby to finish nursing on the first breast before offering the second. The milk at the end of emptying each breast, called the hind milk, is far richer and sometimes more soothing. If your baby still seems uncomfortable or is eating too much, offer only one breast as often as you want, over a 2 to 3 hour period. This will give your baby more hind milk. Sometimes it can be really hard to stop your baby from crying. Here are techniques you may want to try: Swaddle your baby. Wrap your baby snugly in a blanket. Hold your baby. Holding your baby more may help them be less fussy in the evening. This will not spoil your baby. Try an infant carrier that you wear on your body to hold your baby close. Gently rock your baby. Rocking calms your baby and can help your baby pass gas. When babies cry, they swallow air. They get more gas and more stomach pain, which causes them to cry more. So babies get in a cycle that is hard to break. Try an infant swing if your baby is at least 3 weeks old and can hold their head up. Sing to your baby. Hold your baby in an upright position. This helps your baby pass gas and reduces heartburn. Try placing a warm towel or warm water bottle on the baby's stomach. Lay babies on their stomach when they are awake and give them back rubs. DO NOT let babies sleep on their stomachs. Babies who sleep on their stomachs have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ). Give your baby a pacifier to suck on. Put your baby in a stroller and go for a walk. Put your baby in a car seat and go for a drive. If this works, look for a device that makes a car motion and sound. Put your baby in a crib and turn on something with white noise. You can use a white noise machine, a fan, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, or dishwasher. Simethicone drops are sold without a prescription and may help reduce gas. This medicine is not absorbed by the body and is safe for infants. A doctor may prescribe stronger medicines if your baby has severe colic.
Your baby will most likely outgrow colic by 3 to 4 months of age. There are usually no complications from colic. Parents can get really stressed when a baby cries a lot. Know when you have reached your limit and ask family members or friends to help. If you feel like you may shake or hurt your baby, get help right away.
Call the provider if your baby is: Crying a lot 3 months old and still has colic You need to make sure that your baby does not have any serious medical problems. Call your baby's provider right away if: Your baby's behavior or crying pattern changes suddenly Your baby has a fever, forceful vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, or other stomach problems Get help right away for yourself if you feel overwhelmed or have thoughts of harming your baby.
Infantile colic - self-care; Fussy baby - colic - self-care.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Healthychildren.org website. Colic relief tips for parents. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx. Updated November 21, 2015. Accessed October 6, 2017. Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Crying and colic.
Colic 1XTRA10,20,422,465,660,690,727.5,787,802,832,1550,6766Pain which starts and stops abruptly, usually due to contractions of tubular structure. Use Cramping and Nausea, and General Antiseptic programs.
Colic IntestinalXTRA8,123,457Intestinal pain which starts and stops abruptly. Use Cramping and Nausea, and General Antiseptic programs.
Colic Stomach and Colon PainXTRA20,727,787,800,880Intestinal pain which starts and stops abruptly. Use Cramping and Nausea, and General Antiseptic programs.
ColitisCAFL440,802,832,880,1550,10000Inflammation of the colon.
Colon

Encyclopedia Entry for Colitis :
Colitis. Most of the time, the cause of colitis is unknown. Causes of colitis include: Infections caused by a virus or a parasite Food poisoning due to bacteria Crohn disease Lack of blood flow (ischemic colitis) Past radiation to the large bowel (radiation stricture) Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns Pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridia difficile infection.
Symptoms can include: Abdominal pain and bloating that may be constant or come and go Bloody stools Constant urge to have a bowel movement (tenesmus) Dehydration Diarrhea Fever.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. You will also be asked questions about your symptoms, such as: How long have you had the symptoms? How severe is your pain? How often do you have pain and how long does it last? How often do you have diarrhea? Have you been traveling? Have you been taking antibiotics recently? The provider can diagnose colitis by inserting a flexible tube into the rectum (flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy ) and looking at certain areas of the colon. You may have biopsies taken during this exam. Biopsies may show changes related to inflammation. This can help determine the cause of colitis. Other studies that can identify colitis include: CT scan of the abdomen MRI of the abdomen Barium enema Stool culture Stool examination for ova and parasites.
Your treatment will depend on the cause of the disease.
The outlook will vary, depending on the cause of the problem.
Complications may include: Bleeding with bowel movements Perforation of the colon Toxic megacolon Sore (ulceration).
Call your provider if you have symptoms such as: Abdominal pain that does not get better Blood in the stool or stools that look black Diarrhea or vomiting that does not go away Swollen abdomen.
Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis Large intestine Large intestine Large intestine (colon) Large intestine (colon) Crohn disease, X-ray Crohn disease, x-ray.
Osterman MT, Lichtenstein GR. Ulcerative colitis.
Colitis 2XTRA20,440,660,690,727.5,787,802,832,880,1550,10000Inflammation of the colon.
Colitis and DiarrheaCAFL10000,5000,1550,880,832,802,787,727,621,465,454,440,433,344,152Inflammation of the colon.
Colon
Colitis and Diarrhea 2XTRA152,344,433,454,465,621,727,787,880,1550,5000Inflammation of the colon.
Colitis Mucous Catarrh of ColonXTRA20,727,787,800,880,10000Inflammation of the colon with excessive production of mucus. Other use: Nephritis.
Colitis UlcerativeETDF130,250,730,5750,7500,55500,122500,442500,625710,875270Inflammatory Bowel Disease with colonic inflammation and ulcers.
CollembolaXTRA70,700,907500,90-110Apply=Frequencies Directly. If no effect, try .02% Feathering. Removes collembola infestations, reported in Morgellons.
Collembola CompXTRA70,700,907500,90-111,69-71,699-701,907480-907520Removes collembola infestations, reported in Morgellons.
Collembola SweepXTRA907450-907500Removes collembola infestations, reported in Morgellons.
ColletotrichumCAFL1482Pathogenic plant fungus.
Colloidal Gold OctaveXTRA7205251.195738,3602625.597869Octave sub-harmonics of sub-10nm spheroid colloidal nanoparticles. X=2 or higher.
Colloidal Gold ScalarXTRA7364246.875738,366644.262680Scalar sub-harmonics of sub-10nm spheroid colloidal nanoparticles. X=2 or higher.
Colloidal Silver OctaveXTRA4653391.397248,2326695.698624Octave sub-harmonics of sub-10nm spheroid colloidal nanoparticles.
Colloidal Silver ScalarXTRA473582.172629,23578.268006Scalar sub-harmonics of sub-10nm spheroid colloidal nanoparticles.
ColobomaETDF190,180,600,12190,25150,117000,395500,620000,745980,997500A hole in one of the eye's structures.

Encyclopedia Entry for Coloboma :
Coloboma of the iris. Coloboma of the iris can look like a second pupil or a black notch at the edge of the pupil. This gives the pupil an irregular shape. It can also appear as a split in the iris from the pupil to the edge of the iris. A small coloboma (especially if it is not attached to the pupil) may allow a second image to focus on the back of the eye. This may cause: Blurred vision Decreased visual acuity Double vision Ghost image If it is congenital, the defect may include the retina , choroid , or optic nerve. Most colobomas are diagnosed at birth or shortly afterward.
Coloboma can occur due to: Eye surgery Inherited conditions Trauma to the eye Most cases of coloboma have no known cause and are not related to other abnormalities. Some are due to a specific genetic defect. A small number of people with coloboma have other inherited developmental problems.
Contact your health care provider if: You notice that your child has what appears to be a hole in the iris or an unusual-shaped pupil. Your child's vision becomes blurred or decreased. In addition to your child, you may also need to see an eye specialist (ophthalmologist).
Your provider will take a medical history and do an exam. Since the problem is most often diagnosed in infants, knowing about the family history is very important. The provider will do a detailed eye exam that includes looking into the back of the eye while the eye is dilated. An MRI of the brain, eyes, and connecting nerves may be done if other problems are suspected.
Keyhole pupil; Iris defect.
Eye Eye Cat eye Cat eye Coloboma of the iris Coloboma of the iris.
Brodsky MC. Congenital optic disc anomalies.
ColonXTRA176The colon is also known as the large bowel or large intestine. It is an organ that is part of the digestive system (also called the digestive tract) in the human body. The digestive system is the group of organs that allow us to eat and to use the food we eat to fuel our bodies.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colon :
Colon and rectal cancer. In the United States, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths due to cancer. Early diagnosis can often lead to a complete cure. Almost all colon cancers start in the lining of the colon and rectum. When doctors talk about colorectal cancer, this is usually what they are talking about. There is no single cause of colon cancer. Nearly all colon cancers begin as noncancerous (benign) polyps, which slowly develop into cancer. You have a higher risk for colon cancer if you: Are older than 60 Are African American or of eastern European descent Eat a lot of red or processed meats Have colorectal polyps Have inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis ) Have a family history of colon cancer Some inherited diseases also increase the risk of developing colon cancer. One of the most common is called familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). What you eat may play a role in getting colon cancer. Colon cancer may be linked to a high-fat, low-fiber diet and to a high intake of red meat. Some studies have found that the risk does not drop if you switch to a high-fiber diet, so this link is not yet clear. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol are other risk factors for colorectal cancer.
Many cases of colon cancer have no symptoms. If there are symptoms, the following may indicate colon cancer: Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen Blood in the stool Diarrhea , constipation, or other change in bowel habits Narrow stools Weight loss with no known reason.
Through screening tests, colon cancer can be detected before symptoms develop. This is when the cancer is most curable. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and press on your belly area. The physical exam rarely shows any problems, although the doctor may feel a lump (mass) in the abdomen. A rectal exam may reveal a mass in people with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer. A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) may detect small amounts of blood in the stool. This may suggest colon cancer. A sigmoidoscopy , or more likely, a colonoscopy , will be done to evaluate the cause of blood in your stool. Only a full colonoscopy can see the entire colon. This is the best screening test for colon cancer. Colon culture Blood tests may be done for those diagnosed with colorectal cancer, including: Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia Liver function tests If you are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, more tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread. This is called staging. CT or MRI scans of the abdomen, pelvic area, or chest may be used to stage the cancer. Sometimes, PET scans are also used. Stages of colon cancer are: Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs outside the colon Blood tests to detect tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may help the doctor follow you during and after treatment. Stages of cancer.
Treatment depends on many things, including the stage of the cancer. Treatments may include: Surgery to remove the tumor Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue Targeted therapy to keep cancer from growing and spreading SURGERY Stage 0 colon cancer may be treated by removing the tumor. This is often done using colonoscopy. For stages I, II, and III cancer, more extensive surgery is needed to remove the part of the colon that is cancerous. This surgery is called colon resection (colectomy). CHEMOTHERAPY Almost all people with stage III colon cancer receive chemotherapy after surgery for 6 to 8 months. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy. Even though the tumor was removed, chemotherapy is given to treat any cancer cells that may be left. Chemotherapy is also used to improve symptoms and prolong survival in people with stage IV colon cancer. You may receive just one type of medicine or a combination of medicines. RADIATION Radiation therapy is sometimes used for colon cancer. For people with stage IV disease that has spread to the liver, treatment directed at the liver can be used. This may include: Burning the cancer (ablation) Delivering chemotherapy or radiation directly into the liver Freezing the cancer (cryotherapy) Surgery TARGETED THERAPY Targeted treatment zeroes in on specific targets (molecules) in cancer cells. These targets play a role in how cancer cells grow and survive. Using these targets, the drug disables the cancer cells so they cannot spread. Targeted therapy may be given as pills or may be injected into a vein. You may have targeted therapy along with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a colon cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
In many cases, colon cancer is treatable when caught early. How well you do depends on many things, especially the stage of the cancer. When treated at an early stage, many people survive at least 5 years after diagnosis. This is called the 5-year survival rate. If the colon cancer does not come back (recur) within 5 years, it is considered cured. Stages I, II, and III cancers are considered possibly curable. In most cases, stage IV cancer is not considered curable, although there are exceptions.
Complications may include: Blockage of the colon, causing bowel obstruction Cancer returning in the colon Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues ( metastasis ) Development of a second primary colorectal cancer.
Call your health care provider if you have: Black, tar-like stools Blood during a bowel movement Change in bowel habits Unexplained weight loss.
Colon cancer can almost always be caught by colonoscopy in its earliest and most curable stages. Almost all men and women age 50 and older should have a colon cancer screening. People at higher risk may need earlier screening. Colon cancer screening can often find polyps before they become cancerous. Removing these polyps may prevent colon cancer. Changing your diet and lifestyle is important. Medical research suggests that low-fat and high-fiber diets may reduce your risk for colon cancer. Some studies have reported that NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib) may help reduce the risk for colorectal cancer. But these medicines can increase your risk of bleeding and heart problems. Your provider can tell you more about the risks and benefits of the medicines and other ways that help prevent colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer; Cancer - colon; Rectal cancer; Cancer - rectum; Adenocarcinoma - colon; Colon - adenocarcinoma; Colon carcinoma.
Abdominal radiation - discharge Bland diet Changing your ostomy pouch Chemotherapy - what to ask your doctor Ileostomy and your child Ileostomy and your diet Ileostomy - caring for your stoma Ileostomy - changing your pouch Ileostomy - discharge Ileostomy - what to ask your doctor Large bowel resection - discharge Living with your ileostomy Pelvic radiation - discharge Radiation therapy - questions to ask your doctor Small bowel resection - discharge Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge Types of ileostomy.
Barium enema Barium enema Colonoscopy Colonoscopy Digestive system Digestive system Rectal cancer, X-ray Rectal cancer, x-ray Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray Sigmoid colon cancer, x-ray Spleen metastasis - CT scan Spleen metastasis - CT scan Structure of the colon Structure of the colon Stages of cancer Stages of cancer Colon culture Colon polyps Colon cancer - Series Colon cancer - Series Colostomy - Series Colostomy - Series Large bowel resection - Series Large bowel resection - Series Large intestine (colon) Large intestine (colon).
Itzkowitz SH, Potack J. Colonic polyps and polyposis syndromes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colon :
Colon cancer - resources. Resources - colon cancer.


Encyclopedia Entry for Colon :
Colon cancer screening. SCREENING TESTS There are several ways to screen for colon cancer. Stool test: Polyps in the colon and small cancers can cause small amounts of bleeding that cannot be seen with the naked eye. But blood can often be found in the stool. This method checks your stool for blood. The most common test used is the fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Two other tests are called the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and stool DNA test (sDNA). Sigmoidoscopy : This test uses a small flexible scope to view the lower part of your colon. Because the test only looks at the last one third of the large intestine (colon), it may miss some cancers that are higher in the large intestine. Sigmoidoscopy and a stool test may be used together. Colonoscopy Colonoscopy : A colonoscopy is similar to a sigmoidoscopy, but the entire colon can be viewed. Your health care provider will give you the steps for cleansing your bowel. This is called bowel preparation. During a colonoscopy, you receive medicine to make you relaxed and sleepy. Sometimes, CT scans are used as an alternative to a regular colonoscopy. This is called a virtual colonoscopy. Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray Other test: Capsule endoscopy involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera that takes a video of the inside of your intestines. The method is being studied, so it is not recommended for standard screening at this time. SCREENING FOR AVERAGE-RISK PEOPLE There is not enough evidence to say which screening method is best. But, colonoscopy is most thorough. Talk to your health care provider about which test is right for you. Both men and women should have a colon cancer screening test starting at age 50. Some providers recommend that African Americans begin screening at age 45. Screening options for people with an average risk for colon cancer: Colonoscopy every 10 years FOBT or FIT every year (colonoscopy is needed if results are positive) sDNA every 1 or 3 years (colonoscopy is needed if results are positive) Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 to 10 years, usually with stool testing FOBT done every 1 to 3 years Virtual colonoscopy every 5 years SCREENING FOR HIGHER-RISK PEOPLE People with certain risk factors for colon cancer may need earlier (before age 50) or more frequent testing. More common risk factors are: A family history of inherited colorectal cancer syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). A strong family history of colorectal cancer or polyps. This usually means close relatives (parent, sibling, or child) who developed these conditions younger than age 60. A personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps. A personal history of long-term (chronic) inflammatory bowel disease (for example ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease ). Screening for these groups is more likely to be done using colonoscopy.
Screening for colon cancer; Colonoscopy - screening; Sigmoidoscopy - screening; Virtual colonoscopy - screening; Fecal immunochemical test; Stool DNA test; sDNA test; Colorectal cancer - screening; Rectal cancer - screening.
Ulcerative colitis - discharge.
Colonoscopy Colonoscopy Large intestine anatomy Large intestine anatomy Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray Sigmoid colon cancer, x-ray Fecal occult blood test Fecal occult blood test.
Itzkowitz SH, Potack J. Colonic polyps and polyposis syndromes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colon :
Colonoscopy discharge. This is what the procedure involved: You were likely given medicine into a vein (IV) to help you relax. You should not feel any pain. The colonoscope was gently inserted through the anus and was carefully moved into the large intestine. Air was inserted through the scope to provide a better view. Tissue samples ( biopsy or polyps ) may have been removed using tiny tools inserted through the scope. Photos may have been taken using the camera at the end of the scope.
You will be taken to an area to recover right after the test. You may wake up there and not remember how you got there. The nurse will check your blood pressure and pulse. Your IV will be removed. Your doctor will likely come to talk to you and explain the results of the test. Ask to have this information written down, as you may not remember what you were told later on. Final results for any tissue biopsies that were done may take up to 1 to 3 weeks.
Medicines you were given can change the way you think and make it harder to remember for the rest of the day. As a result, it is NOT safe for you to drive a car or find your own way home. You will not be allowed to leave alone. You will need a friend or family member to take you home.
You will be asked to wait 30 minutes or more before drinking. Try small sips of water first. When you can do this easily, you should begin with small amounts of solid foods. You may feel a little bloated from air pumped into your colon, and burp or pass gas more often over the day. If gas and bloating bother you, here are some things you can do: Use a heating pad Walk around Lie on your left side.
DO NOT plan to return to work for the rest of the day. It is not safe to drive or handle tools or equipment. You should also avoid making important work or legal decisions for the rest of the day, even if you believe your thinking is clear. Keep an eye on the site where the IV fluids and medicines were given. Watch for any redness or swelling. Ask your doctor which medicines or blood thinners you should start taking again and when to take them. If you had a polyp removed, your provider may ask you to avoid lifting and other activities for up to 1 week.
Call your provider if you have: Black, tarry stools Red blood in your stool Vomiting that will not stop or vomiting blood Severe pain or cramps in your belly Chest pain Blood in your stool for more than 2 bowel movements Chills or fever over 101 F (38.3 C) No bowel movement for more than 3 to 4 days.
Lower endoscopy.
Blanke CD, Faigel DO. Neoplasms of the small and large intestine.

Encyclopedia Entry for Colon :
Colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is done most often in a procedure room at your doctor's office. It can also be done in the outpatient department of a hospital or medical center. You will be asked to change out of your street clothes and wear a hospital gown for the procedure. You will likely be given medicine into a vein (IV) to help you relax. You should not feel any pain. You may be awake during the test and may even be able to speak. You will probably not remember anything. You lie on your left side with your knees drawn up toward your chest. The scope is gently inserted through the anus. It is carefully moved into the beginning of the large intestine. The scope is slowly advanced as far as the lowest part of the small intestine. Air is inserted through the scope to provide a better view. Suction may be used to remove fluid or stool. The doctor gets a better view as the scope is moved back out. So, a more careful exam is done while the scope is being pulled back. Tissue samples ( biopsy ) or polyps may be removed using tiny tools inserted through the scope. Photos may be taken using the camera at the end of the scope. If needed, procedures, such as laser therapy , are also done.
Your bowel needs to be completely empty and clean for the exam. A problem in your large intestine that needs to be treated may be missed if your intestines are not cleaned out. Your health care provider will give you the steps for cleansing your bowel. This is called bowel preparation. Steps may include: Using enemas Not eating solid foods for 1 to 3 days before the test Taking laxatives You need to drink plenty of clear liquids for 1 to 3 days before the test. Examples of clear liquids are: Clear coffee or tea Fat-free bouillon or broth Gelatin Sports drinks without added color Strained fruit juices Water You will likely be told to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or other blood-thinning medicines for several days before the test. Keep taking your other medicines unless your doctor tells you otherwise. You will need to stop taking iron pills or liquids a few days before the test, unless your provider tells you it is OK to continue. Iron can make your stool dark black. This makes it harder for the doctor to view inside your bowel.
The medicines will make you sleepy so that you may not feel any discomfort or have any memory of the test. You may feel pressure as the scope moves inside. You may feel brief cramping and gas pains as air is inserted or the scope advances. Passing gas is necessary and should be expected. After the exam, you may have mild abdominal cramping and pass a lot of gas. You may also feel bloated and sick to your stomach. These feelings will soon go away. You should be able to go home about 1 hour after the test. You must plan to have someone take you home after the test, because you will be woozy and unable to drive. The providers will not let you leave until someone arrives to help you. When you are home, follow instructions on recovering from the procedure. These may include: Drink plenty of liquids. Eat a healthy meal to restore your energy. You should be able to return to your regular activities the next day. Avoid driving, operating machinery, drinking alcohol, and making important decisions for at least 24 hours after the test.
Colonoscopy may be done for the following reasons: Abdominal pain, changes in bowel movements, or weight loss Abnormal changes (polyps) found on sigmoidoscopy or x-ray tests ( CT scan or barium enema ) Anemia due to low iron (usually when no other cause has been found) Blood in the stool , or black, tarry stools Follow-up of a past finding, such as polyps or colon cancer Inflammatory bowel disease ( ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease ) Screening for colorectal cancer.
Normal findings are healthy intestinal tissues.
Abnormal test results may mean any of the following: Abnormal pouches on the lining of the intestines, called diverticulosis Areas of bleeding Cancer in the colon or rectum Colitis (a swollen and inflamed intestine) due to Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, infection, or lack of blood flow Small growths called polyps on the lining of your colon (which can be removed through the colonoscope during the exam).
Risks of colonoscopy may include any of the following: Heavy or ongoing bleeding from biopsy or removal of polyps Hole or tear in the wall of the colon that requires surgery to repair Infection needing antibiotic therapy (very rare) Reaction to the medicine you are given to relax, causing breathing problems or low blood pressure.
Colon cancer - colonoscopy; Colorectal cancer - colonoscopy; Colonoscopy - screening; Colon polyps - colonoscopy; Ulcerative colitis - colonoscopy; Crohn disease - colonoscopy; Diverticulitis - colonoscopy; Diarrhea - colonoscopy; Anemia - colonoscopy; Blood in stool - colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy Colonoscopy Colonoscopy Colonoscopy.
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Colonoscopy - diagnostic.
Colon AscendingXTRA12207Right side of abdomen between cecum and transverse colon.
Colon DescendingXTRA14160.15Left side of abdomen between the splenic flexure and the sigmoid colon. Other use: lung general.
Colon Function BalanceXTRA8,440,635,880,2500The colon is a vital part of your personal plumbing system. The tubular organ works around the clock to remove waste products from your body. As part of the digestive system, the colon works alongside organs such as the stomach and small intestine to remove stool and maintain your fluid and electrolyte balance.
Colon Problems GeneralCAFL20,440,880,1552,802,832There are many common problems affecting the colon and rectum. These conditions include irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, structural disorders and hemorrhoids. Many Americans have difficulty moving their bowels.
Colon
Color Vision DefectsETDF200,460,750,8890,12710,57500,301200,617500,747500,891350Color vision deficiency (sometimes called color blindness) represents a group of conditions that affect the perception of color. Red-green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency. Affected individuals have trouble distinguishing between some shades of red, yellow, and green. Blue-yellow color vision defects (also called tritan defects), which are rarer, cause problems with differentiating shades of blue and green and cause difficulty distinguishing dark blue from black. These two forms of color vision deficiency disrupt color perception but do not affect the sharpness of vision (visual acuity).
ColorsCAFL470,624,640,677,745,800,815,858,920,960,2055,2155Color decode from Jade machine (chromotherapy).
ComaETDF170,180,840,8120,87320,132510,345030,657500,792500,925790Unconsciousness from which a person can't be awakened.
Combat DisordersETDF110,240,700,970,112750,217500,435270,657500,895000,925270High stress situations.
Mind
Common coldPROV43346050From Patent US 6,321,120 B1

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold - how to treat at home. Treating your symptoms will not make your cold go away, but will help you feel better. Antibiotics are almost never needed to treat a common cold. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help lower fever and relieve muscle aches. DO NOT use aspirin. Check the label for the proper dose. Call your provider if you need to take these medicines more than 4 times per day or for more than 2 or 3 days. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They are not recommended for children under age 6. Talk to your provider before giving your child OTC cold medicine, which can have serious side effects. Coughing is your body's way of getting mucus out of your lungs. So use cough syrups only when your cough becomes too painful. Throat lozenges or sprays for your sore throat. Many cough and cold medicines you buy have more than one medicine inside. Read the labels carefully to make sure you do not take too much of any one medicine. If you take prescription medicines for another health problem, ask your provider which OTC cold medicines are safe for you. Drink plenty of fluids, get enough sleep, and stay away from secondhand smoke. Wheezing can be a common symptom of a cold if you have asthma. Use your rescue inhaler as prescribed if you are wheezing. See your provider immediately if it becomes hard to breathe.
Many home remedies are popular treatments for the common cold. These include vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Although not proven to be helpful, most home remedies are safe for most people. Some remedies may cause side effects or allergic reactions. Certain remedies may change the way other medicines work. Talk to your provider before trying any herbs and supplements.
Wash your hands often. This is the best way to stop the spread of germs. To wash your hands correctly: Rub soap onto wet hands for 20 seconds. Make sure to get under your fingernails. Dry your hands with a clean paper towel and turn faucet off with paper towel. You can also use alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Use a dime size amount and rub all over your hands until they are dry. To further prevent colds: Stay home when you are sick. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the crease of your elbow and not into the air.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider right away, or go to the emergency room, if you have: Difficulty breathing Sudden chest pain or abdominal pain Sudden dizziness Acting strangely Severe vomiting that does not go away Also call your provider if: You start acting strangely Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
Upper respiratory infection - home care; URI - home care.
Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Miller EK, Williams JV. The common cold.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold. It is called the common cold for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have more colds than any other type of illness. Colds are the most common reason that children miss school and parents miss work. Parents often get colds from their children. Children can get many colds every year. They usually get them from other children. A cold can spread quickly through schools or daycares. Colds can occur at any time of the year, but they are most common in the winter or rainy seasons. A cold virus spreads through tiny, air droplets that are released when the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose. You can catch a cold if: A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob People are most contagious for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold is most often not contagious after the first week.
Cold symptoms usually start about 2 or 3 days after you came in contact with the virus, although it could take up to a week. Symptoms mostly affect the nose. The most common cold symptoms are: Nasal congestion Runny nose Scratchy throat Sneezing Adults and older children with colds generally have a low fever or no fever. Young children often run a fever around 100 F to 102 F (37.7 C to 38.8 C). Depending on which virus caused your cold, you may also have: Cough Decreased appetite Headache Muscle aches Postnasal drip Sore throat Cold symptoms.
Most colds go away in a few days. Some things you can do to take care of yourself with a cold include: Get plenty of rest and drink fluids. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They do not make your cold go away faster, but can help you feel better. These OTC medicines are not recommended for children under age 4. Antibiotics should not be used to treat a common cold. Many alternative treatments have been tried for colds, such as vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Talk to your health care provider before trying any herbs or supplements.
The fluid from your runny nose will become thicker. It may turn yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for antibiotics. Most cold symptoms go away within a week in most cases. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your provider. Your provider may check to rule out a sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problem.
Colds are the most common trigger of wheezing in children with asthma. A cold may also lead to: Bronchitis Ear infection Pneumonia Sinusitis.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider if: You have problems breathing. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
To lower your chances of getting sick: Always wash your hands. Children and adults should wash hands after nose-wiping, diapering, and using the bathroom, and before eating and preparing food. Disinfect your environment. Clean commonly touched surfaces (such as sink handles, door knobs, and sleeping mats) with an EPA-approved disinfectant. Choose smaller daycare classes for your children. Use instant hand sanitizers to stop the spread of germs. Use paper towels instead of sharing cloth towels. The immune system helps your body fight off infection. Here are ways to support the immune system: Avoid secondhand smoke. It is responsible for many health problems, including colds. DO NOT use antibiotics if they are not needed. Breastfeed infants if possible. Breast milk is known to protect against respiratory tract infections in children, even years after you stop breastfeeding. Drink plenty of fluids to help your immune system work properly. Eat yogurt that contains 'active cultures.' These may help prevent colds. Probiotics may help prevent colds in children. Get enough sleep.
Upper respiratory infection - viral; Cold.
Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child.
Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Cold symptoms Cold symptoms Antibodies Antibodies Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Allan GM, Arroll B. Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. CMAJ. 2014;186(3):190-199. PMID: 24468694 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468694. Avner JR. Fever.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza). Source of disease: usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
Common coldXTRA43346050From Patent No.: US 6,321,120 B1

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold - how to treat at home. Treating your symptoms will not make your cold go away, but will help you feel better. Antibiotics are almost never needed to treat a common cold. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help lower fever and relieve muscle aches. DO NOT use aspirin. Check the label for the proper dose. Call your provider if you need to take these medicines more than 4 times per day or for more than 2 or 3 days. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They are not recommended for children under age 6. Talk to your provider before giving your child OTC cold medicine, which can have serious side effects. Coughing is your body's way of getting mucus out of your lungs. So use cough syrups only when your cough becomes too painful. Throat lozenges or sprays for your sore throat. Many cough and cold medicines you buy have more than one medicine inside. Read the labels carefully to make sure you do not take too much of any one medicine. If you take prescription medicines for another health problem, ask your provider which OTC cold medicines are safe for you. Drink plenty of fluids, get enough sleep, and stay away from secondhand smoke. Wheezing can be a common symptom of a cold if you have asthma. Use your rescue inhaler as prescribed if you are wheezing. See your provider immediately if it becomes hard to breathe.
Many home remedies are popular treatments for the common cold. These include vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Although not proven to be helpful, most home remedies are safe for most people. Some remedies may cause side effects or allergic reactions. Certain remedies may change the way other medicines work. Talk to your provider before trying any herbs and supplements.
Wash your hands often. This is the best way to stop the spread of germs. To wash your hands correctly: Rub soap onto wet hands for 20 seconds. Make sure to get under your fingernails. Dry your hands with a clean paper towel and turn faucet off with paper towel. You can also use alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Use a dime size amount and rub all over your hands until they are dry. To further prevent colds: Stay home when you are sick. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the crease of your elbow and not into the air.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider right away, or go to the emergency room, if you have: Difficulty breathing Sudden chest pain or abdominal pain Sudden dizziness Acting strangely Severe vomiting that does not go away Also call your provider if: You start acting strangely Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
Upper respiratory infection - home care; URI - home care.
Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Miller EK, Williams JV. The common cold.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold. It is called the common cold for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have more colds than any other type of illness. Colds are the most common reason that children miss school and parents miss work. Parents often get colds from their children. Children can get many colds every year. They usually get them from other children. A cold can spread quickly through schools or daycares. Colds can occur at any time of the year, but they are most common in the winter or rainy seasons. A cold virus spreads through tiny, air droplets that are released when the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose. You can catch a cold if: A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob People are most contagious for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold is most often not contagious after the first week.
Cold symptoms usually start about 2 or 3 days after you came in contact with the virus, although it could take up to a week. Symptoms mostly affect the nose. The most common cold symptoms are: Nasal congestion Runny nose Scratchy throat Sneezing Adults and older children with colds generally have a low fever or no fever. Young children often run a fever around 100 F to 102 F (37.7 C to 38.8 C). Depending on which virus caused your cold, you may also have: Cough Decreased appetite Headache Muscle aches Postnasal drip Sore throat Cold symptoms.
Most colds go away in a few days. Some things you can do to take care of yourself with a cold include: Get plenty of rest and drink fluids. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They do not make your cold go away faster, but can help you feel better. These OTC medicines are not recommended for children under age 4. Antibiotics should not be used to treat a common cold. Many alternative treatments have been tried for colds, such as vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Talk to your health care provider before trying any herbs or supplements.
The fluid from your runny nose will become thicker. It may turn yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for antibiotics. Most cold symptoms go away within a week in most cases. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your provider. Your provider may check to rule out a sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problem.
Colds are the most common trigger of wheezing in children with asthma. A cold may also lead to: Bronchitis Ear infection Pneumonia Sinusitis.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider if: You have problems breathing. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
To lower your chances of getting sick: Always wash your hands. Children and adults should wash hands after nose-wiping, diapering, and using the bathroom, and before eating and preparing food. Disinfect your environment. Clean commonly touched surfaces (such as sink handles, door knobs, and sleeping mats) with an EPA-approved disinfectant. Choose smaller daycare classes for your children. Use instant hand sanitizers to stop the spread of germs. Use paper towels instead of sharing cloth towels. The immune system helps your body fight off infection. Here are ways to support the immune system: Avoid secondhand smoke. It is responsible for many health problems, including colds. DO NOT use antibiotics if they are not needed. Breastfeed infants if possible. Breast milk is known to protect against respiratory tract infections in children, even years after you stop breastfeeding. Drink plenty of fluids to help your immune system work properly. Eat yogurt that contains 'active cultures.' These may help prevent colds. Probiotics may help prevent colds in children. Get enough sleep.
Upper respiratory infection - viral; Cold.
Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child.
Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Cold symptoms Cold symptoms Antibodies Antibodies Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Allan GM, Arroll B. Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. CMAJ. 2014;186(3):190-199. PMID: 24468694 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468694. Avner JR. Fever.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common cold :
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza). Source of disease: usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
Common ColdKHZ120,550,850,7500,120000,247500,472500,725750,850000,975980Overview
The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat (upper respiratory tract). It's usually harmless, although it might not feel that way. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold.
Children younger than 6 are at greatest risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have two or three colds annually.
Most people recover from a common cold in a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke. If symptoms don't improve, see your doctor.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a common cold usually appear one to three days after exposure to a cold-causing virus. Signs and symptoms, which can vary from person to person, might include:
Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Cough
Congestion
Slight body aches or a mild headache
Sneezing
Low-grade fever
Generally feeling unwell (malaise)
The discharge from your nose may become thicker and yellow or green in color as a common cold runs its course. This isn't an indication of a bacterial infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common Cold :
Common cold - how to treat at home. Treating your symptoms will not make your cold go away, but will help you feel better. Antibiotics are almost never needed to treat a common cold. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help lower fever and relieve muscle aches. DO NOT use aspirin. Check the label for the proper dose. Call your provider if you need to take these medicines more than 4 times per day or for more than 2 or 3 days. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They are not recommended for children under age 6. Talk to your provider before giving your child OTC cold medicine, which can have serious side effects. Coughing is your body's way of getting mucus out of your lungs. So use cough syrups only when your cough becomes too painful. Throat lozenges or sprays for your sore throat. Many cough and cold medicines you buy have more than one medicine inside. Read the labels carefully to make sure you do not take too much of any one medicine. If you take prescription medicines for another health problem, ask your provider which OTC cold medicines are safe for you. Drink plenty of fluids, get enough sleep, and stay away from secondhand smoke. Wheezing can be a common symptom of a cold if you have asthma. Use your rescue inhaler as prescribed if you are wheezing. See your provider immediately if it becomes hard to breathe.
Many home remedies are popular treatments for the common cold. These include vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Although not proven to be helpful, most home remedies are safe for most people. Some remedies may cause side effects or allergic reactions. Certain remedies may change the way other medicines work. Talk to your provider before trying any herbs and supplements.
Wash your hands often. This is the best way to stop the spread of germs. To wash your hands correctly: Rub soap onto wet hands for 20 seconds. Make sure to get under your fingernails. Dry your hands with a clean paper towel and turn faucet off with paper towel. You can also use alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Use a dime size amount and rub all over your hands until they are dry. To further prevent colds: Stay home when you are sick. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the crease of your elbow and not into the air.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider right away, or go to the emergency room, if you have: Difficulty breathing Sudden chest pain or abdominal pain Sudden dizziness Acting strangely Severe vomiting that does not go away Also call your provider if: You start acting strangely Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
Upper respiratory infection - home care; URI - home care.
Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Miller EK, Williams JV. The common cold.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common Cold :
Common cold. It is called the common cold for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have more colds than any other type of illness. Colds are the most common reason that children miss school and parents miss work. Parents often get colds from their children. Children can get many colds every year. They usually get them from other children. A cold can spread quickly through schools or daycares. Colds can occur at any time of the year, but they are most common in the winter or rainy seasons. A cold virus spreads through tiny, air droplets that are released when the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose. You can catch a cold if: A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob People are most contagious for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold is most often not contagious after the first week.
Cold symptoms usually start about 2 or 3 days after you came in contact with the virus, although it could take up to a week. Symptoms mostly affect the nose. The most common cold symptoms are: Nasal congestion Runny nose Scratchy throat Sneezing Adults and older children with colds generally have a low fever or no fever. Young children often run a fever around 100 F to 102 F (37.7 C to 38.8 C). Depending on which virus caused your cold, you may also have: Cough Decreased appetite Headache Muscle aches Postnasal drip Sore throat Cold symptoms.
Most colds go away in a few days. Some things you can do to take care of yourself with a cold include: Get plenty of rest and drink fluids. Over-the-counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They do not make your cold go away faster, but can help you feel better. These OTC medicines are not recommended for children under age 4. Antibiotics should not be used to treat a common cold. Many alternative treatments have been tried for colds, such as vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Talk to your health care provider before trying any herbs or supplements.
The fluid from your runny nose will become thicker. It may turn yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for antibiotics. Most cold symptoms go away within a week in most cases. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your provider. Your provider may check to rule out a sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problem.
Colds are the most common trigger of wheezing in children with asthma. A cold may also lead to: Bronchitis Ear infection Pneumonia Sinusitis.
Try treating your cold at home first. Call your provider if: You have problems breathing. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7 to 10 days.
To lower your chances of getting sick: Always wash your hands. Children and adults should wash hands after nose-wiping, diapering, and using the bathroom, and before eating and preparing food. Disinfect your environment. Clean commonly touched surfaces (such as sink handles, door knobs, and sleeping mats) with an EPA-approved disinfectant. Choose smaller daycare classes for your children. Use instant hand sanitizers to stop the spread of germs. Use paper towels instead of sharing cloth towels. The immune system helps your body fight off infection. Here are ways to support the immune system: Avoid secondhand smoke. It is responsible for many health problems, including colds. DO NOT use antibiotics if they are not needed. Breastfeed infants if possible. Breast milk is known to protect against respiratory tract infections in children, even years after you stop breastfeeding. Drink plenty of fluids to help your immune system work properly. Eat yogurt that contains 'active cultures.' These may help prevent colds. Probiotics may help prevent colds in children. Get enough sleep.
Upper respiratory infection - viral; Cold.
Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child.
Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Cold symptoms Cold symptoms Antibodies Antibodies Cold remedies Cold remedies.
Allan GM, Arroll B. Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. CMAJ. 2014;186(3):190-199. PMID: 24468694 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468694. Avner JR. Fever.

Encyclopedia Entry for Common Cold :
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza). Source of disease: usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
Common Variable ImmunodeficiencyKHZ30,500,850,14420,53270,147250,267230,312500,747500,958000Immune system disorder.
Communication DisordersETDF150,230,620,950,7500,212850,455980,557500,796500,891500Affects ability to communicate.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type IETDF110,4140,33150,72330,121500,280100,525000,617000,712000,988900Severe pain, swelling, and skin changes in parts or all of the body. Also called Causalgia, and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.
ConcentrationCAFL7.82,10000In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. A concentration can be any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration.
Mind
Concentration and Creative ThinkingXTRA27.3Creative thinking is the process of coming up with new ideas or new approaches. It can be seen a critical life skill and something worth developing in kids.
Creativity will always be in high demand as it is not something robots can replace easily! By developing this skill, individuals differentiate themselves from other candidates.
Mind
Concentration ImproveXTRA5.79,7.83,20,35,10000One of the most important benefits of improving your concentration skills is that it increases your mental performance. You can have a greater enhancement in the ability of problem solving. It also aids you significantly in making decisions faster and in an effective manner by choosing your own thought and ideas.
Mind
CondylomataBIO466Usually venereal warts, caused by the Papilloma virus. Occurs near intersection of mucous membranes and skin. See Papilloma Virus and Warts Papilloma.
Condylomata Advanced programCAFL45,265,397.4,404,419.9,466,487,767,794.9,839.8,874,907,1011,1051See Condylomata Basic, Papilloma Virus, and Warts Papilloma.
Skin
Condylomata Basic programCAFL45,265,404,466,489,767,794,874,907Usually venereal warts, caused by the Papilloma virus. Occurs near intersection of mucous membranes and skin. See Papilloma Virus and Warts Papilloma.
Congenital AbnormalitiesETDF40,230,730,830,215690,347250,532500,742500,896500,975980Congenital anomalies are also known as birth defects, congenital disorders or congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies (e.g. metabolic disorders) that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life.
Congenital AbnormalitiesKHZ10,230,730,830,215690,347250,532500,742500,896500,975980Congenital anomalies are important causes of infant and childhood deaths, chronic illness and disability. Through the resolution on birth defects of the Sitxty-third World Health Assembly (2010), Member States agreed to promote primary prevention and improve the health of children with congenital anomalies by:
developing and strengthening registration and surveillance systems
developing expertise and building capacity
strengthening research and studies on etiology, diagnosis and prevention
promoting international cooperation.
Congenital Fiber Type DisproportionETDF50,410,830,105210,220500,347250,532500,742500,896500,975980Muscular condition that may accompany some neurological disorders.
Congenital HypothyroidismETDF190,520,680,9080,112830,217500,335000,547500,725280,925000Underactive thyroid from birth.
Congestive Heart FailureXTRA9.18,9.19Inability of heart to pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs. Other use: deafness due to Otosclerosis.
Conjunctival DiseasesETDF170,520,600,850,118200,227500,455950,560000,750000,975750Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes
ConjunctivitisCAFL489,1550,880,802,787,727,20,80,432,722,822,1246,1830Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis - Adenovirus, HSV 1 and 2, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or, less commonly, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis or pink eye. Tears most often protect the eyes by washing away the germs and irritants. Tears contain proteins and antibodies that kill germs. Pink eye is most often caused by viruses and bacteria. Certain forms of pink eye can spread easily among children. Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated at once to preserve eyesight. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed due to a reaction to pollen, dander, mold, or other allergy-causing substances. Anything which irritates the eye may cause pink eye also. These include: Chemical exposure. Smoke. Use of contact lenses (often with extended-wear lenses). Dry eyes, which can develop when the eye is unable to maintain a healthy coating of tears. Dry eyes may be caused by wind or sun, heat, problems with your eyelids, or certain rare immune disorders.
Symptoms include: Blurred vision Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight (most often caused by bacteria) Eye pain Gritty feeling in the eyes Increased tearing Itching of the eye Redness in the eyes Sensitivity to light.
Your health care provider will: Examine your eyes Swab the conjunctiva to get a sample for analysis.
Treatment of conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Allergic conjunctivitis may improve when allergies are treated. It may go away on its own when you avoid your allergy triggers. Cool compresses may help soothe allergic conjunctivitis. Antibiotic medicines work well to treat pinkeye caused by bacteria. These are most often given in the form of eye drops. Viral pink eye will go away on its own without antibiotics. Mild steroid eye drops may help ease discomfort. Dry eyes may be treated with artificial tears or ointments. There are other treatments or helpful steps you can take. You can soothe your eyes by applying warm compresses. Press clean cloths soaked in warm water to your closed eyes. Other helpful steps include: DO NOT smoke and avoid secondhand smoke, direct wind, and air conditioning. Use a humidifier, such as in the winter. Limit medicines that may dry you out and worsen your symptoms. Clean eyelashes regularly and apply warm compresses.
The outcome is most often good with treatment of infections. It can come back if you do not take steps to prevent it from spreading. Pinkeye caused by viruses or bacteria can spread through contact. These have been known to spread through entire households or classrooms. Long-term (chronic) swelling of the outer lining of the eyes may occur in those with chronic allergies or asthma. It is called vernal conjunctivitis. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer.
Contact your provider if: Your symptoms last longer than 3 or 4 days. Your vision is affected. You develop eye pain that is severe or becoming worse. Your eyelids or the skin around your eyes becomes swollen or red. You have a headache in addition to your other symptom.
Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis. Things you can do include: Change pillowcases often. DO NOT share eye makeup and replace it regularly. DO NOT share towels or handkerchiefs. Handle and clean contact lenses properly. Keep hands away from the eye. Wash your hands often.
Inflammation - conjunctiva; Pink eye; Chemical conjunctivitis, Pinkeye; Pink-eye.
Eye Eye.
Alvarenga LS, Ginsberg B, Mannis MJ. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
ConjunctivitisETDF170,520,600,850,225530,327500,455950,760000,850000,969710Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis - Adenovirus, HSV 1 and 2, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or, less commonly, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis or pink eye. Tears most often protect the eyes by washing away the germs and irritants. Tears contain proteins and antibodies that kill germs. Pink eye is most often caused by viruses and bacteria. Certain forms of pink eye can spread easily among children. Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated at once to preserve eyesight. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed due to a reaction to pollen, dander, mold, or other allergy-causing substances. Anything which irritates the eye may cause pink eye also. These include: Chemical exposure. Smoke. Use of contact lenses (often with extended-wear lenses). Dry eyes, which can develop when the eye is unable to maintain a healthy coating of tears. Dry eyes may be caused by wind or sun, heat, problems with your eyelids, or certain rare immune disorders.
Symptoms include: Blurred vision Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight (most often caused by bacteria) Eye pain Gritty feeling in the eyes Increased tearing Itching of the eye Redness in the eyes Sensitivity to light.
Your health care provider will: Examine your eyes Swab the conjunctiva to get a sample for analysis.
Treatment of conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Allergic conjunctivitis may improve when allergies are treated. It may go away on its own when you avoid your allergy triggers. Cool compresses may help soothe allergic conjunctivitis. Antibiotic medicines work well to treat pinkeye caused by bacteria. These are most often given in the form of eye drops. Viral pink eye will go away on its own without antibiotics. Mild steroid eye drops may help ease discomfort. Dry eyes may be treated with artificial tears or ointments. There are other treatments or helpful steps you can take. You can soothe your eyes by applying warm compresses. Press clean cloths soaked in warm water to your closed eyes. Other helpful steps include: DO NOT smoke and avoid secondhand smoke, direct wind, and air conditioning. Use a humidifier, such as in the winter. Limit medicines that may dry you out and worsen your symptoms. Clean eyelashes regularly and apply warm compresses.
The outcome is most often good with treatment of infections. It can come back if you do not take steps to prevent it from spreading. Pinkeye caused by viruses or bacteria can spread through contact. These have been known to spread through entire households or classrooms. Long-term (chronic) swelling of the outer lining of the eyes may occur in those with chronic allergies or asthma. It is called vernal conjunctivitis. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer.
Contact your provider if: Your symptoms last longer than 3 or 4 days. Your vision is affected. You develop eye pain that is severe or becoming worse. Your eyelids or the skin around your eyes becomes swollen or red. You have a headache in addition to your other symptom.
Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis. Things you can do include: Change pillowcases often. DO NOT share eye makeup and replace it regularly. DO NOT share towels or handkerchiefs. Handle and clean contact lenses properly. Keep hands away from the eye. Wash your hands often.
Inflammation - conjunctiva; Pink eye; Chemical conjunctivitis, Pinkeye; Pink-eye.
Eye Eye.
Alvarenga LS, Ginsberg B, Mannis MJ. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
ConjunctivitisXTRA1246Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis - Adenovirus, HSV 1 and 2, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or, less commonly, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Encyclopedia Entry for Conjunctivitis :
Conjunctivitis or pink eye. Tears most often protect the eyes by washing away the germs and irritants. Tears contain proteins and antibodies that kill germs. Pink eye is most often caused by viruses and bacteria. Certain forms of pink eye can spread easily among children. Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated at once to preserve eyesight. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed due to a reaction to pollen, dander, mold, or other allergy-causing substances. Anything which irritates the eye may cause pink eye also. These include: Chemical exposure. Smoke. Use of contact lenses (often with extended-wear lenses). Dry eyes, which can develop when the eye is unable to maintain a healthy coating of tears. Dry eyes may be caused by wind or sun, heat, problems with your eyelids, or certain rare immune disorders.
Symptoms include: Blurred vision Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight (most often caused by bacteria) Eye pain Gritty feeling in the eyes Increased tearing Itching of the eye Redness in the eyes Sensitivity to light.
Your health care provider will: Examine your eyes Swab the conjunctiva to get a sample for analysis.
Treatment of conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Allergic conjunctivitis may improve when allergies are treated. It may go away on its own when you avoid your allergy triggers. Cool compresses may help soothe allergic conjunctivitis. Antibiotic medicines work well to treat pinkeye caused by bacteria. These are most often given in the form of eye drops. Viral pink eye will go away on its own without antibiotics. Mild steroid eye drops may help ease discomfort. Dry eyes may be treated with artificial tears or ointments. There are other treatments or helpful steps you can take. You can soothe your eyes by applying warm compresses. Press clean cloths soaked in warm water to your closed eyes. Other helpful steps include: DO NOT smoke and avoid secondhand smoke, direct wind, and air conditioning. Use a humidifier, such as in the winter. Limit medicines that may dry you out and worsen your symptoms. Clean eyelashes regularly and apply warm compresses.
The outcome is most often good with treatment of infections. It can come back if you do not take steps to prevent it from spreading. Pinkeye caused by viruses or bacteria can spread through contact. These have been known to spread through entire households or classrooms. Long-term (chronic) swelling of the outer lining of the eyes may occur in those with chronic allergies or asthma. It is called vernal conjunctivitis. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer.
Contact your provider if: Your symptoms last longer than 3 or 4 days. Your vision is affected. You develop eye pain that is severe or becoming worse. Your eyelids or the skin around your eyes becomes swollen or red. You have a headache in addition to your other symptom.
Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis. Things you can do include: Change pillowcases often. DO NOT share eye makeup and replace it regularly. DO NOT share towels or handkerchiefs. Handle and clean contact lenses properly. Keep hands away from the eye. Wash your hands often.
Inflammation - conjunctiva; Pink eye; Chemical conjunctivitis, Pinkeye; Pink-eye.
Eye Eye.
Alvarenga LS, Ginsberg B, Mannis MJ. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis 2XTRA20,80,489,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1550,1600,1830,10000Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes
Conjunctivitis 3XTRA20,80,727,787,802,880,1550Use Chlamydia Trachomatis. See Bacillus Subtilis.
Eyes
Connecting and RelationshipsXTRA639Also use for whole-brain interconnectedness.
Mind
Connective Tissue DiseasesETDF160,490,620,850,15730,105250,335500,432500,725000,933910Mixed connective tissue disease is a term used by some doctors to describe a disorder characterized by features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis. Raynaud phenomenon, joint pains, various skin abnormalities, muscle weakness, and problems with internal organs can develop.
ConstipationCAFL1550,880,802,832,787,776,422,727,20Use Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if needed. See Autointoxication, Auto Intoxication, Intestinal Obstruction, Intestines to Release, and Detox Autointoxication.
Colon

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation - self-care. Exercise regularly. Drink more water and eat more fiber. Try to walk, swim, or do something active at least 3 or 4 times a week. If you feel the urge to go to the bathroom, go. DO NOT wait or hold it in. You can also train your bowels to be more regular. It may help to go to the bathroom every day at the same time. For many people, this is after breakfast or dinner.
Try these things to relieve your constipation: DO NOT skip meals. Avoid processed or fast foods, such as white breads, pastries, doughnuts, sausage, fast-food burgers, potato chips, and French fries. Many foods are good natural laxatives that will help you move your bowels. High-fiber foods help move waste through your body. Add foods with fiber to your diet slowly, because eating more fiber can cause bloating and gas. Drink 8 to 10 cups (2 to 2.5 L) of liquids, especially water, every day. Ask your health care provider how much fiber to take each day. Males, females, and different age groups all have different daily fiber needs. Most fruits will help ease constipation. Berries, peaches, apricots, plums, raisins, rhubarb, and prunes are just some of the fruits that may help. DO NOT peel fruits that have edible skins, because a lot of the fiber is in the skin. Choose breads, crackers, pasta, pancakes, and waffles made with whole grains, or make your own. Use brown rice or wild rice instead of white rice. Eat high-fiber cereals. Vegetables can also add fiber to your diet. Some high-fiber vegetables are asparagus, broccoli, corn, squash, and potatoes (with the skin still on). Salads made with lettuce, spinach, and cabbage will also help. Legumes (navy beans, kidney beans, chickpeas, soybeans, and lentils), peanuts, walnuts, and almonds will also add fiber to your diet. Other foods you can eat are: Fish, chicken, turkey, or other lean meats. These do not have fiber, but they will not make constipation worse. Snacks such as raisin cookies, fig bars, and popcorn. You can also sprinkle 1 or 2 teaspoons (5 to 10 mL) of bran flakes, ground flax seeds, wheat bran, or psyllium on foods such as yogurt, cereal, and soup. Or, add them to your smoothie.
You can buy stool softeners at any pharmacy. They will help you pass stool more easily. Your provider may prescribe a laxative to relieve your constipation. It may be a pill or liquid. DO NOT take it if you have severe stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting. DO NOT take it for more than 1 week. It should start to work in 2 to 5 days. Only take a laxative as often as your provider recommends. Most laxatives are taken with meals and at bedtime. You can mix powder laxatives with milk or fruit juice to make them taste better. Always drink plenty of water (8 to 10 cups, or 2 to 2.5 L a day) when you are using laxatives. Store your laxative medicine safely in a medicine cabinet, where children cannot get to it. Do not take any other laxatives or medicines before talking with your provider. This includes mineral oil. Some people get a rash, nausea, or a sore throat while taking laxatives. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children under age 6 should NOT take laxatives without the advice of a provider. Bulk-forming laxatives such as Metamucil or Perdiem can help pull water into your intestines and make your stools more bulky.
Call your provider if you: Have not had a bowel movement in 3 days Are bloated or have pain in your stomach Have nausea or throw up Have blood in your stool.
Camilleri M. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility.

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation - what to ask your doctor. How often should I go to the bathroom during the day? How long should I wait? What else can I do to train my body to have more regular bowel movements? How should I change what I eat to help with my constipation? What foods will help make my stools less hard? How do I get more fiber in my diet? What foods can make my problem worse? How much fluid or liquids should I drink during the day? Do any of the medicines, vitamins, herbs, or supplements I am taking cause constipation? What products can I buy at the store to help with my constipation? What is the best way to take these? Which ones can I take every day? Which ones should I not take every day? Should I take psyllium fiber (Metamucil)? Can any of these items make my constipation worse? If my constipation or hard stools started recently, does this mean I have a more serious medical problem? When should I call the provider?.
What to ask your doctor about constipation.
Lembo AJ. Constipation.

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation in infants and children. Constipation is common in children. However, normal bowel movements are different for each child. In the first month, infants tend to have bowel movements about once a day. After that, babies can go a few days or even a week between bowel movements. It's also difficult to pass stools because their abdominal muscles are weak. So babies tend to strain, cry, and get red in the face when they have a bowel movement. This does not mean they are constipated. If bowel movements are soft, then there is likely no problem. Signs of constipation in infants and children may include: Being very fussy and spitting up more often (infants) Difficulty passing stools or seeming uncomfortable Hard, dry stools Pain when having a bowel movement Belly pain and bloating Large, wide stools Blood on the stool or on toilet paper Traces of liquid or stool in a child's underwear (a sign of fecal impaction) Having less than 3 bowel movements a week (children) Moving their body in different positions or clenching their buttocks Make sure your infant or child has a problem before treating constipation: Some children do not have a bowel movement every day. Also, some healthy children always have very soft stools. Other children have firm stools, but are able to pass them without problems.
Constipation occurs when the stool remains in the colon for too long. Too much water gets absorbed by the colon, leaving hard, dry stools. Constipation may be caused by: Ignoring the urge to use the toilet Not eating enough fiber Not drinking enough fluids Switching to solid foods or from breast milk to formula (infants) Changes in situation, such as travel, starting school, or stressful events Medical causes of constipation may include: Diseases of the bowel, such as those that affect the bowel muscles or nerves Other medical conditions that affect the bowel Use of certain medicines Children may ignore the urge to have a bowel movement because: They are not ready for toilet training They are learning to control their bowel movements They have had previous painful bowel movements and want to avoid them They don't want to use a school or public toilet.
Lifestyle changes can help your child avoid constipation. These changes can also be used to treat it. For infants: Give your baby extra water or juice during the day in between feedings. Juice can help bring water to the colon. Over 2 months old: Try 2 to 4 ounces (59 to 118 mL) of fruit juice (grape, pear, apple, cherry, or prune) twice a day. Over 4 months old: If the baby has started to eat solid foods, try baby foods with high-fiber content such as peas, beans, apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, plums, and spinach twice a day. For children: Drink plenty of fluids each day. Your child's health care provider can tell you how much. Eat more fruits and vegetables and foods high in fiber, such as whole grains. Avoid certain foods such as cheese, fast food, prepared and processed foods, meat, and ice cream. Stop toilet training if your child becomes constipated. Resume after your child is no longer constipated. Teach older children to use the toilet right after eating a meal. Stool softeners (such as those containing docusate sodium) may help for older children. Bulk laxatives such as psyllium may help add fluid and bulk to the stool. Suppositories or gentle laxatives may help your child have regular bowel movements. Electrolyte solutions like Miralax can also be effective. Some children may need enemas or prescription laxatives. These methods should be used only if fiber, fluids, and stool softeners do not provide enough relief. Do NOT give laxatives or enemas to children without first asking your provider.
Call your child's provider right away if: An infant (except those who are only breastfed) goes 3 days without a stool and is vomiting or irritable Also call your child's provider if: An infant younger than 2 months is constipated Non-breastfeeding infants go 3 days without having a bowel movement (call right away if there is vomiting or irritability) A child is holding back bowel movements to resist toilet training There is blood in the stools.
Your child's provider will perform a physical exam. This may include a rectal exam. The provider may ask you questions about your child's diet, sympstoms, and bowel habits. The following tests may help find the cause of constipation: Blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) X-rays of the abdomen.
Irregularity of bowels; Lack of regular bowel movements.
Constipation - what to ask your doctor High-fiber foods.
Sources of fiber Sources of fiber Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Constipation in children. Updated November 12, 2014. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/constipation-in-children/Pages/overview.aspx. Accessed September 28, 2016. Nurko S, Zimmerman LA. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(2):82-90 PMID: 25077577 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077577. Sreedharan R, Liacouras CA. Major symptoms and signs of digestive tract disorders.
ConstipationXTRA727,787,800,880Use Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if needed. See Autointoxication, Auto Intoxication, Intestinal Obstruction, Intestines to Release, and Detox Autointoxication. Other uses: artery stimulate, bladder problems, influenza, conjunctivitis (eyelid).

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation - self-care. Exercise regularly. Drink more water and eat more fiber. Try to walk, swim, or do something active at least 3 or 4 times a week. If you feel the urge to go to the bathroom, go. DO NOT wait or hold it in. You can also train your bowels to be more regular. It may help to go to the bathroom every day at the same time. For many people, this is after breakfast or dinner.
Try these things to relieve your constipation: DO NOT skip meals. Avoid processed or fast foods, such as white breads, pastries, doughnuts, sausage, fast-food burgers, potato chips, and French fries. Many foods are good natural laxatives that will help you move your bowels. High-fiber foods help move waste through your body. Add foods with fiber to your diet slowly, because eating more fiber can cause bloating and gas. Drink 8 to 10 cups (2 to 2.5 L) of liquids, especially water, every day. Ask your health care provider how much fiber to take each day. Males, females, and different age groups all have different daily fiber needs. Most fruits will help ease constipation. Berries, peaches, apricots, plums, raisins, rhubarb, and prunes are just some of the fruits that may help. DO NOT peel fruits that have edible skins, because a lot of the fiber is in the skin. Choose breads, crackers, pasta, pancakes, and waffles made with whole grains, or make your own. Use brown rice or wild rice instead of white rice. Eat high-fiber cereals. Vegetables can also add fiber to your diet. Some high-fiber vegetables are asparagus, broccoli, corn, squash, and potatoes (with the skin still on). Salads made with lettuce, spinach, and cabbage will also help. Legumes (navy beans, kidney beans, chickpeas, soybeans, and lentils), peanuts, walnuts, and almonds will also add fiber to your diet. Other foods you can eat are: Fish, chicken, turkey, or other lean meats. These do not have fiber, but they will not make constipation worse. Snacks such as raisin cookies, fig bars, and popcorn. You can also sprinkle 1 or 2 teaspoons (5 to 10 mL) of bran flakes, ground flax seeds, wheat bran, or psyllium on foods such as yogurt, cereal, and soup. Or, add them to your smoothie.
You can buy stool softeners at any pharmacy. They will help you pass stool more easily. Your provider may prescribe a laxative to relieve your constipation. It may be a pill or liquid. DO NOT take it if you have severe stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting. DO NOT take it for more than 1 week. It should start to work in 2 to 5 days. Only take a laxative as often as your provider recommends. Most laxatives are taken with meals and at bedtime. You can mix powder laxatives with milk or fruit juice to make them taste better. Always drink plenty of water (8 to 10 cups, or 2 to 2.5 L a day) when you are using laxatives. Store your laxative medicine safely in a medicine cabinet, where children cannot get to it. Do not take any other laxatives or medicines before talking with your provider. This includes mineral oil. Some people get a rash, nausea, or a sore throat while taking laxatives. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children under age 6 should NOT take laxatives without the advice of a provider. Bulk-forming laxatives such as Metamucil or Perdiem can help pull water into your intestines and make your stools more bulky.
Call your provider if you: Have not had a bowel movement in 3 days Are bloated or have pain in your stomach Have nausea or throw up Have blood in your stool.
Camilleri M. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility.

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation - what to ask your doctor. How often should I go to the bathroom during the day? How long should I wait? What else can I do to train my body to have more regular bowel movements? How should I change what I eat to help with my constipation? What foods will help make my stools less hard? How do I get more fiber in my diet? What foods can make my problem worse? How much fluid or liquids should I drink during the day? Do any of the medicines, vitamins, herbs, or supplements I am taking cause constipation? What products can I buy at the store to help with my constipation? What is the best way to take these? Which ones can I take every day? Which ones should I not take every day? Should I take psyllium fiber (Metamucil)? Can any of these items make my constipation worse? If my constipation or hard stools started recently, does this mean I have a more serious medical problem? When should I call the provider?.
What to ask your doctor about constipation.
Lembo AJ. Constipation.

Encyclopedia Entry for Constipation :
Constipation in infants and children. Constipation is common in children. However, normal bowel movements are different for each child. In the first month, infants tend to have bowel movements about once a day. After that, babies can go a few days or even a week between bowel movements. It's also difficult to pass stools because their abdominal muscles are weak. So babies tend to strain, cry, and get red in the face when they have a bowel movement. This does not mean they are constipated. If bowel movements are soft, then there is likely no problem. Signs of constipation in infants and children may include: Being very fussy and spitting up more often (infants) Difficulty passing stools or seeming uncomfortable Hard, dry stools Pain when having a bowel movement Belly pain and bloating Large, wide stools Blood on the stool or on toilet paper Traces of liquid or stool in a child's underwear (a sign of fecal impaction) Having less than 3 bowel movements a week (children) Moving their body in different positions or clenching their buttocks Make sure your infant or child has a problem before treating constipation: Some children do not have a bowel movement every day. Also, some healthy children always have very soft stools. Other children have firm stools, but are able to pass them without problems.
Constipation occurs when the stool remains in the colon for too long. Too much water gets absorbed by the colon, leaving hard, dry stools. Constipation may be caused by: Ignoring the urge to use the toilet Not eating enough fiber Not drinking enough fluids Switching to solid foods or from breast milk to formula (infants) Changes in situation, such as travel, starting school, or stressful events Medical causes of constipation may include: Diseases of the bowel, such as those that affect the bowel muscles or nerves Other medical conditions that affect the bowel Use of certain medicines Children may ignore the urge to have a bowel movement because: They are not ready for toilet training They are learning to control their bowel movements They have had previous painful bowel movements and want to avoid them They don't want to use a school or public toilet.
Lifestyle changes can help your child avoid constipation. These changes can also be used to treat it. For infants: Give your baby extra water or juice during the day in between feedings. Juice can help bring water to the colon. Over 2 months old: Try 2 to 4 ounces (59 to 118 mL) of fruit juice (grape, pear, apple, cherry, or prune) twice a day. Over 4 months old: If the baby has started to eat solid foods, try baby foods with high-fiber content such as peas, beans, apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, plums, and spinach twice a day. For children: Drink plenty of fluids each day. Your child's health care provider can tell you how much. Eat more fruits and vegetables and foods high in fiber, such as whole grains. Avoid certain foods such as cheese, fast food, prepared and processed foods, meat, and ice cream. Stop toilet training if your child becomes constipated. Resume after your child is no longer constipated. Teach older children to use the toilet right after eating a meal. Stool softeners (such as those containing docusate sodium) may help for older children. Bulk laxatives such as psyllium may help add fluid and bulk to the stool. Suppositories or gentle laxatives may help your child have regular bowel movements. Electrolyte solutions like Miralax can also be effective. Some children may need enemas or prescription laxatives. These methods should be used only if fiber, fluids, and stool softeners do not provide enough relief. Do NOT give laxatives or enemas to children without first asking your provider.
Call your child's provider right away if: An infant (except those who are only breastfed) goes 3 days without a stool and is vomiting or irritable Also call your child's provider if: An infant younger than 2 months is constipated Non-breastfeeding infants go 3 days without having a bowel movement (call right away if there is vomiting or irritability) A child is holding back bowel movements to resist toilet training There is blood in the stools.
Your child's provider will perform a physical exam. This may include a rectal exam. The provider may ask you questions about your child's diet, sympstoms, and bowel habits. The following tests may help find the cause of constipation: Blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) X-rays of the abdomen.
Irregularity of bowels; Lack of regular bowel movements.
Constipation - what to ask your doctor High-fiber foods.
Sources of fiber Sources of fiber Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Constipation in children. Updated November 12, 2014. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/constipation-in-children/Pages/overview.aspx. Accessed September 28, 2016. Nurko S, Zimmerman LA. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(2):82-90 PMID: 25077577 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077577. Sreedharan R, Liacouras CA. Major symptoms and signs of digestive tract disorders.
Constipation 2XTRA20,727,776,787,802,880,1550Use Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if needed. See Autointoxication, Auto Intoxication, Intestinal Obstruction, Intestines to Release, and Detox Autointoxication.
Constipation 3XTRA802,832,3176Use Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if needed. See Autointoxication, Auto Intoxication, Intestinal Obstruction, Intestines to Release, and Detox Autointoxication.
Contagious ConjunctivitisRIFE1206000,2025625See Chlamydia Trachomatis and Bacillus Subtilis.
Contagious ConjunctivitisXTRA148,15825.2,18843.75See Chlamydia Trachomatis and Bacillus Subtilis.
ContractionXTRA9.09,110The tightening and shortening of the uterine muscles. During labor, contractions accomplish two things: (1) they cause the cervix to thin and dilate (open); and (2) they help the baby to descend into the birth canal.
Control of EventsXTRA942,161,942Self-empowerment
Mind
ContusionCAFL9.1,110,2720Bruise. See Bruises.
Skin
Contusion BruiseXTRA9.09,110,2720A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries are damaged by trauma, causing a localized external bleeding that extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises are not very deep under the skin so that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.
Convulsions 1XTRA7.69,8.25,9.18,9.19,660,690,727.5,787,880,10000Rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles, leading to uncontrolled shaking.
Convulsions 2XTRA727,787,880,5000,10000Rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles, leading to uncontrolled shaking. Other uses: back problems, costalgia, facial paralysis, ear discharges, eye infections, ptosis, 'crossed' eyes, near/far-sightedness.
Convulsions SpasticityCAFL9.19,8.25,7.69Rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles, leading to uncontrolled shaking.
Convulsions with SpasticityXTRA7.69,8.25,9.18,9.19Rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles, leading to uncontrolled shaking.
Cooley's AnemiaETDF50,290,650,6210,7870,45000,56520,135210,302160,409220Also called Thalassemia. Genetic disorder with abnormal formation of hemoglobin. Also see Chromosome 16 Abnormalities.
Coordination DifficultiesXTRA7.83,20,72,95,125,444,600,625,650,660,690,727.5,776,787,807,813,880,1500,1600,1800,1865,2170,2720,10000Locomotor dysfunction.
COPDETDF370,410,620,970,7500,15310,87500,204720,309210,457220Also called Emphysema or Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Also see Chemtrails and Parasites.
Lung

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD - control drugs. Anticholinergic inhalers include: Aclidinium (Tudorza Pressair) Glycopyrronium (Seebri Neohaler) Ipratropium (Atrovent) Tiotropium (Spiriva) Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta) Use your anticholinergic inhalers every day, even if you do not have symptoms.
Beta-agonist inhalers include: Arformoterol (Brovana) Formoterol (Foradil; Perforomist) Indacaterol (Arcapta Neohaler) Salmeterol (Serevent) Olodaterol (Striverdi Respimat) DO NOT use a spacer with beta-agonist inhalers.
Inhaled corticosteroids include: Beclomethasone (Qvar) Fluticasone (Flovent) Ciclesonide (Alvesco) Mometasone (Asmanex) Budesonide ( Pulmicort) Flunisolide (Aerobid) After you use these drugs, rinse your mouth with water, gargle, and spit.
Combination medicines combine two drugs and are inhaled. They include: Albuterol and ipratropium (Combivent Respimat; Duoneb) Budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort) Fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair) Fluticasone and vilanterol (Breo Ellipta) Formoterol and mometasone (Dulera) Tiotropium and olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat) Umeclidinium and vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta) Glycopyrrolate and formoterol (Bevespi Aerosphere) Indacaterol and glycopyrrolate (Utibron Neohaler) Fluticasone and umeclidinium and vilanterol (Trelegy Ellipta).
Roflumilast (Daliresp) is a tablet that is swallowed.
Azithromycin is a tablet that is swallowed.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - control drugs; Bronchodilators - COPD - control drugs; Beta agonist inhaler - COPD - control drugs; Anticholinergic inhaler - COPD - control drugs; Long-acting inhaler - COPD - control drugs; Corticosteroid inhaler - COPD - control drugs.
Anderson B, Brown H, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 10th edition. www.icsi.org/_asset/yw83gh/COPD.pdf. Updated January 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: clinical diagnosis and management.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD - how to use a nebulizer. With a nebulizer, you will sit with your machine and use a mouthpiece. Medicine goes into your lungs as you take slow, deep breaths for 10 to 15 minutes. Nebulizers can deliver medicine with less effort than inhalers. You and your doctor can decide if a nebulizer is the best way to get the medicine you need. The choice of device may be based on whether you find a nebulizer easier to use and what type of medicine you take. Most nebulizers use air compressors. Some use sound vibrations. These are called 'ultrasonic nebulizers.' They are quieter, but they cost more. Follow these steps to set up and use your nebulizer: Connect the hose to the air compressor. Fill the medicine cup with your prescription. To avoid spills, close the medicine cup tightly and always hold the mouthpiece straight up and down. Attach the other end of the hose to the mouthpiece and medicine cup. Turn on the nebulizer machine. Place the mouthpiece in your mouth. Keep your lips firm around the mouthpiece so that all of the medicine goes into your lungs. Breathe through your mouth until all the medicine is used. This usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. Some people use a nose clip to help them breathe only through their mouth. Turn off the machine when you are done.
You will need to clean your nebulizer to prevent bacteria from growing in it, since bacteria can cause a lung infection. It takes some time to clean your nebulizer and keep it working properly. Be sure to unplug the machine before cleaning. After each use: Wash the medicine cup and mouthpiece with warm running water. Let them air dry on clean paper towels. Later, hook up the nebulizer and run air through the machine for 20 seconds to make sure all of the parts are dry. Take apart and store the machine in a covered area until the next use. Once per day, you may add a mild dish soap to the cleaning routine above. Once or twice each week: You may add a soaking step to the cleaning routine above. Soak the cup and mouthpiece in 1 part distilled white vinegar, 2 parts warm water solution. You may clean the outside of your machine with a warm, damp cloth as necessary. Never wash the hose or tubing. You will also need to change the filter. The instructions that come with your nebulizer will tell you when you should change the filter.
Most nebulizers are small, so they are easy to transport. You may carry your nebulizer in your carry-on luggage when traveling by plane. Keep your nebulizer covered and packed in a safe place. Pack your medicines in a cool, dry place when traveling.
Call your doctor if you are having trouble using your nebulizer. You should also call if you have any of these problems while using your nebulizer: Anxiety Feeling that your heart is racing or pounding (palpitations) Shortness of breath Feeling very excited These may be signs that you are getting too much medicine.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - nebulizer.
Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Pulmonary rehabilitation.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD - managing stress and your mood. When you have COPD, caring for your emotional health is just as important as taking care of your physical health. Learning how to deal with stress and anxiety and seeking care for depression can help you manage COPD and feel better in general.
Having COPD can affect your mood and emotions for several reasons: You cannot do all the things you used to do. You may need to do things much slower than you used to. You may often feel tired. You may have a hard time sleeping. You may feel ashamed or blame yourself for having COPD. You may be more isolated from others because it is harder to get out to do things. Breathing problems can be stressful and scary. All of these factors can make you feel stressed, anxious, or depressed.
Having COPD can change how you feel about yourself. And how you feel about yourself can affect COPD symptoms and how well you care for yourself. People with COPD who are depressed may have more COPD flare-ups and may have to go to the hospital more often. Depression saps your energy and motivation. When you are depressed, you may be less likely to: Eat well and exercise. Take your medicines as directed. Follow your treatment plan. Get enough rest. Or, you may get too much rest. Stress is a known COPD trigger. When you feel stressed and anxious, you may breathe faster, which can make you feel short of breath. When it is harder to breathe, you feel more anxious, and the cycle continues, leading you to feel even worse.
There are things you can and should do to protect your emotional health. While you cannot get rid of all the stress in your life, you can learn how to manage it. These suggestions may help you relieve stress and stay positive. Identify the people, places, and situations that cause stress. Knowing what causes you stress can help you avoid or manage it. Try to avoid things that make you anxious. For example, DO NOT spend time with people who stress you out. Instead, seek out people who nurture and support you. Go shopping during quieter times when there's less traffic and fewer people around. Practice relaxation exercises. Deep breathing, visualization, letting go of negative thoughts, and muscle relaxation exercises are all simple ways to release tension and reduce stress. DO NOT take on too much. Take care of yourself by letting go and learning to say no. For example, perhaps you typically host 25 people for Thanksgiving dinner. Cut it back to 8. Or better yet, ask someone else to host. If you work, talk with your boss about ways to manage your workload so you do not feel overwhelmed. Stay involved. DO NOT isolate yourself. Make time every week to spend time with friends or attend social events. Practice positive daily health habits. Get up and get dressed every morning. Move your body every day. Exercise is one of the best stress busters and mood boosters around. Eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep every night. Talk it out. Share your feelings with trusted family or friends. Or talk with a clergy member. DO NOT keep things bottled up inside. Follow your treatment plan. When your COPD is well-managed, you will have more energy for the things you enjoy. DO NOT delay. Get help for depression. Feeling angry, upset, sad, or anxious at times is understandable. Having COPD changes your life, and it can be hard to accept a new way of living. However, depression is more than occasional sadness or frustration. Symptoms of depression include: Low mood most of the time Frequent irritability Not enjoying your usual activities Trouble sleeping, or sleeping too much A big change in appetite, often with weight gain or loss Increased tiredness and lack of energy Feelings of worthlessness, self-hate, and guilt Trouble concentrating Feeling hopeless or helpless Repeated thoughts of death or suicide If you have symptoms of depression that last for 2 weeks or more, call your doctor. You do not have to live with these feelings. Treatment can help you feel better.
Call 911, a suicide hot line, or go to the nearest emergency room if you have thoughts of harming yourself or others. Call your doctor if: You hear voices that are not there. You cry often for no apparent reason. Your depression has affected your work, school, or family life for longer than 2 weeks. You have 3 or more symptoms of depression. You think one of your current medicines may be making you feel depressed. DO NOT change or stop taking any medicines without talking to your doctor. You think you should cut back on drinking, or a family member or friend has asked you to cut back. You feel guilty about the amount of alcohol you drink, or you drink alcohol first thing in the morning. You should also call your doctor if your COPD symptoms get worse, despite following your treatment plan.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - emotions; Stress - COPD; Depression - COPD.
Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Pulmonary rehabilitation.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD - quick-relief drugs. Quick-relief beta-agonists help you breathe better by relaxing the muscles of your airways. They are short-acting, which means they stay in your system only for a short time. Some people take them just before exercising. Ask your doctor if you should do this. If you need to use these drugs more than 3 times a week, or if you use more than one canister a month, your COPD probably is not under control. You should call your doctor.
Quick-relief beta-agonists inhalers include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA; Proventil HFA; Ventolin HFA) Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) Albuterol and ipratropium (Combivent) Most of the time, these medicines are used as metered dose inhalers (MDI) with a spacer. Sometimes, especially if you have a flare-up, they are used with a nebulizer. Side effects might include: Anxiety. Tremor. Restlessness. Headache. Fast or irregular heartbeats. Call your doctor right away if you have this side effect. Some of these medicines also exist in pills, but the side effects are a lot more significant, so they are very rarely used that way.
Oral steroids (also called corticosteroids) are medicines you take by mouth, as pills, capsules, or liquids. They are not quick-relief medicines, but are often given for 7 to 14 days when your symptoms flare-up. Sometimes you might have to take them for longer. Oral steroids include: Methylprednisolone Prednisone Prednisolone.
COPD - quick-relief drugs; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - control drugs; Chronic obstructive airways disease - quick-relief drugs; Chronic obstructive lung disease - quick-relief drugs; Chronic bronchitis - quick-relief drugs; Emphysema - quick-relief drugs; Bronchitis - chronic - quick-relief drugs; Chronic respiratory failure - quick-relief drugs; Bronchodilators - COPD - quick-relief drugs; COPD - short-acting beta agonist inhaler.
Anderson B, Brown H, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 10th edition. www.icsi.org/_asset/yw83gh/COPD.pdf. Updated January 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: clinical diagnosis and management.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD - what to ask your doctor. What will make my COPD worse? How can I prevent things that can make my COPD worse? How can I prevent getting a lung infection? How can I get help quitting smoking? Will fumes, dust, or having pets make my COPD worse? What are some signs that my breathing is getting worse and I should call the doctor? What should I do when I feel I am not breathing well enough? Am I taking my COPD medicines the right way? What medicines should I be taking every day (called controller drugs)? What should I do if I miss a day or a dose? Which medicines should I take when I am short of breath (called rescue drugs)? Is it ok to use these drugs every day? What are the side effects of my medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when my inhalers are getting empty? Am I using my inhaler the right way? Should I be using a spacer? What shots or vaccinations do I need? Are there changes in my diet that will help my COPD? What do I need to do when I am planning to travel? Will I need oxygen on the airplane? How about at the airport? What medicines should I bring? How do I get prescription refills? Who should I call if I get worse? What are some exercises I can do to keep my muscles strong, even if I cannot walk around very much? How can I save some of my energy around the house? Should I consider pulmonary rehabilitation?.
What to ask your doctor about COPD; Emphysema - what to ask your doctor; Chronic bronchitis - what to ask your doctor; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - what to ask your doctor.
Anderson B, Brown H, Bruhl E, et al. Diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 10th ed. Updated January 2016. www.icsi.org/_asset/yw83gh/COPD.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2016. Macnee W, Vestbo J, Agusti A. COPD: pathogenesis and natural history.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD and other health problems. Having other health problems can affect your symptoms and treatments. You may need to visit your doctor more often. You also may need to have more tests or treatments. Having COPD is a lot to manage. But try to stay positive. You can protect your health by understanding why you are at risk for certain conditions and learning how to prevent them.
If you have COPD, you are more likely to have: Repeat infections, such as pneumonia. COPD increases your risk of complications from colds and the flu. It increases your risk of needing to be hospitalized due to lung infection. High blood pressure in the lungs. COPD may cause high blood pressure in the arteries that bring blood to your lungs. This is called pulmonary hypertension. Heart disease. COPD increases your risk of heart attack , heart failure , chest pain, irregular heartbeat , and blood clots. Diabetes. Having COPD increases this risk. Also, some COPD medicines can cause high blood sugar. Osteoporosis (weak bones). People with COPD often have low levels of vitamin D, are inactive, and smoke. These factors increase your risk of bone loss and weak bones. Certain COPD medicines also may cause bone loss. Depression and anxiety. It is common for people with COPD to feel depressed or anxious. Being breathless can cause anxiety. Plus, having symptoms slows you down so you can't do as much as you used to. Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ). GERD and heartburn can lead to more COPD symptoms and flare-ups. Lung cancer. Continuing to smoke increases this risk. Many factors play a role in why people with COPD often have other health problems. Smoking is one of the biggest culprits. Smoking is a risk factor for most of the problems above. COPD usually develops in middle age. And people tend to have more health problems as they age. COPD makes it hard to breathe, which can make it hard to get enough exercise. Being inactive can lead to bone and muscle loss and increase your risk for other health problems. Certain COPD medicines can increase your risk of other conditions such as bone loss, heart conditions, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
Work closely with your doctor to keep COPD and other medical problems under control. Taking the following steps can also help protect your health: Take medicines and treatments as directed. If you smoke, quit. Also avoid secondhand smoke. Avoiding smoke is the best way to slow down damage to your lungs. Ask your doctor about stop-smoking programs and other options, such as nicotine replacement therapy and tobacco cessation medicines. Discuss the risks and side effects of your medicines with your doctor. There may be better options available or things you can do to reduce or offset the harms. Tell your doctor if you notice any side effects. Have a yearly flu vaccine and a pneumonia vaccine to help guard against infections. Wash your hands often. Stay away from people with colds or other infections. Stay as active as possible. Try short walks and light weight training. Talk with your doctor about ways to get exercise. Eat a healthy diet rich in lean proteins, fish, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Eating several small healthy meals a day can give you the nutrients you need without feeling bloated. An overfull belly can make it hard to breathe. Talk with your doctor if you feel sad, helpless, or worried. There are programs and medicines that can help you feel more positive and hopeful. Remember that you are not alone. Your doctor will work with you to help you stay as healthy and active as possible.
You should call your doctor when: You have new signs or symptoms that concern you. You are having trouble managing one or more of your health conditions. You have concerns about your health problems and treatments. You feel hopeless, sad, or anxious. You notice medicine side effects that bother you.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - comorbidities; COPD - comorbidities.
Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Pulmonary rehabilitation.

Encyclopedia Entry for COPD :
COPD flare-ups. Certain illnesses, colds, and lung infections from viruses or bacteria can lead to flare-ups. Other causes may include: Being around smoke or other pollutants Weather changes Doing too much activity Being run-down Feeling stressed or anxious You can often manage a flare-up right away with medicines and self-care. Work with your health care provider on an action plan for COPD exacerbations so that you know what to do. Get to know your usual symptoms, sleep patterns, and when you have good or bad days. This can help you learn the difference between your normal symptoms and signs of a COPD flare-up.
Signs of a COPD flare-up last 2 days or more and are more intense than your usual symptoms. The symptoms get worse and just don't go away. If you have a full-blown exacerbation, you may need to go to the hospital. Common early signs include: Trouble catching your breath Noisy, wheezing breathing sounds Coughing, sometimes with more mucus than usual or a change in the color of your mucus Other possible signs of flare-up include: Not being able to take deep breaths Difficulty sleeping Morning headaches Abdominal pain Anxiety Difficulty speaking Swelling of the ankles or legs Gray or pale skin Blue or purple lips or nail tips Trouble speaking in full sentences.
At the first sign of a flare-up: DO NOT panic. You may be able to keep symptoms from getting worse. Take medicines as directed for flare-ups. These may include quick-relief inhalers, steroids or antibiotics you take by mouth, anti-anxiety medicines, or medicine through a nebulizer. Take antibiotics as directed if your provider prescribes them. Use oxygen if prescribed. Use pursed lip breathing to save energy, slow your breathing, and help you relax. If your symptoms do not get better within 48 hours, or your symptoms keep getting worse, call your provider or go to the hospital.
If you have COPD: Stop smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. Avoiding smoke is the best way to slow down damage to your lungs. Ask your provider about stop-smoking programs and other options, such as nicotine-replacement therapy. Take your medicines as directed. Ask your provider about pulmonary rehabilitation. This program includes exercise, breathing, and nutrition tips. See your provider 1 to 2 times per year for check-ups, or more often if directed. Use oxygen if your provider recommends it. Avoid colds and the flu, you should: Stay away from people with colds. Wash your hands often. Carry hand sanitizer for times when you cannot wash your hands. Get all of your recommended vaccines, including a flu shot every year. Avoid very cold air. Keep air pollutants, such as fireplace smoke and dust, out of your home. Live a healthy lifestyle: Stay as active as possible. Try short walks and light weight-training. Talk with your provider about ways to get exercise. Take frequent breaks throughout the day. Rest between daily activities to save your energy and give your lungs time to recover. Eat a healthy diet rich in lean proteins, fish, fruits, and vegetables. Eat several small meals a day. DO NOT drink liquids with meals. This will keep you from feeling too full. But, be sure to drink liquids at other times to keep from getting dehydrated.
After following your COPD action plan, call your provider if your breathing is still: Getting harder Faster than before Shallow and you cannot get a deep breath Also call your provider if: You need to lean forward when sitting in order to breathe easily You are using muscles around your ribs to help you breathe You are having headaches more often You feel sleepy or confused You have a fever You are coughing up dark mucus Your lips, fingertips, or the skin around your fingernails is blue You have chest pain or discomfort You cannot speak in full sentences.
COPD exacerbation; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation; Emphysema exacerbation; Chronic bronchitis exacerbation.
Criner GJ, Bourbeau J, Diekemper RL, et al. Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society guideline. Chest. 2015;147(4):894-942. PMID: 25321320 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25321320. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD: 2017 report. goldcopd.org/gold-2017-global-strategy-diagnosis-management-prevention-copd/. Accessed December 13, 2017. Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: clinical diagnosis and management.
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseXTRA100Also called Emphysema or Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Also see Pulmonary Emphysema, Chronic Airflow Obstruction, COAD, Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive, Chemtrails, and Parasites programs. Other uses: dyspnea, vertigo, roaches (cockroaches).
Lung
Copper 63cuXTRA564.21,608.23,12941.88Metal, essential trace element.
Copper 65cuXTRA604.41,651.58,13864.26Metal, essential trace element.
CoraforceCAFL774Homeopathic. Also used for Convoforce.
CorallinusCAFL533Homeopathic.
Corn SmutBIO546,1642Homeopathic preparation for an allergen.
Corn SmutCAFL546,1642,289Homeopathic preparation for an allergen.
Corn SmutVEGA546Homeopathic preparation for an allergen.
Corneal DiseasesETDF40,240,9680,42850,172500,203000,412500,592500,775290,819340Includes corneal ulcers (Ulcerative Keratitis).
Eyes
Corneal Dystrophy HereditaryETDF40,240,11450,48150,132790,209270,332300,592500,775290,819340Abnormal accumulation of extraneous material in corneas.
Eyes
Corneal EdemaETDF30,240,6680,30850,95690,292500,412500,692500,773020,925950Swelling of cornea. May be indicated by seeing rainbows around lights, especially at night.
Eyes
Corneal UlcerXTRA959.27,5996.1,6046.89,19267.59Also called Ulcerative Keratitis. Inflammatory or infective condition.
Eyes

Encyclopedia Entry for Corneal Ulcer :
Corneal ulcers and infections. Corneal ulcers are most commonly caused by an infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or a parasite. Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in contact lens users. It is more likely to happen in people who make their own homemade cleaning solutions. Fungal keratitis can occur after a corneal injury involving plant material. It may also occur in people with a suppressed immune system. Herpes simplex keratitis is a serious viral infection. It may cause repeated attacks that are triggered by stress, exposure to sunlight, or any condition that lowers the immune response. Corneal ulcers or infections may also be caused by: Eyelids that do not close all the way, such as with Bell palsy Foreign bodies in the eye Scratches (abrasions) on the eye surface Severely dry eyes Severe allergic eye disease Various inflammatory disorders Wearing contact lenses, such as soft contacts that are left in overnight, may cause a corneal ulcer. Corneal injury Watch this video about: Corneal injury.
Symptoms of infection or ulcers of the cornea include: Blurry or hazy vision Eye that appears red or bloodshot Itching and discharge Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Very painful and watery eyes White patch on the cornea.
Your health care provider will do the following tests: Exam of scrapings from the ulcer Fluorescein stain of the cornea Keratometry (measuring the curve of the cornea) Pupillary reflex response Refraction test Slit-lamp examination Tests for dry eye Visual acuity Blood tests to check for inflammatory disorders may also be needed.
Treatment for corneal ulcers and infections depends on the cause. Treatment should be started as soon as possible to prevent scarring of the cornea. If the exact cause is not known, you may be given antibiotic drops that work against many kinds of bacteria. Once the exact cause is known, you may be given drops that treat bacteria, herpes, other viruses, or a fungus. Severe ulcers sometimes require a corneal transplant. Corticosteroid eye drops may be used to reduce swelling and inflammation in certain conditions. Your provider may also recommend that you: Avoid eye makeup DO NOT wear contact lenses at all, or do not wear them at night Take pain medicines Wear protective glasses.
Many people recover completely and have only a minor change in vision. However, a corneal ulcer or infection can cause long-term damage and affect vision.
Untreated corneal ulcers and infections may lead to: Loss of the eye (rare) Severe vision loss Scars on the cornea.
Call your provider if: You have symptoms of corneal ulcers or an infection. You have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms become worse after treatment. Your vision is affected. You develop eye pain that is severe or becoming worse. Your eyelids or the skin around your eyes becomes swollen or red. You have a headache in addition to your other symptoms.
Things you can do to prevent the condition include: Wash your hands well when handling your contact lenses. Avoid wearing contact lenses overnight. Get prompt treatment for an eye infection to prevent ulcers from forming.
Bacterial keratitis; Fungal keratitis; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Herpes simplex keratitis.
Eye Eye.
Groos EB Jr, Chang BH. Complications of contact lenses.
Corona VirusXTRA145.9,165.69,291.69,331.39,437.6,497.1,583.5,662.7,1167,1312.79,1325.5,1491.2,2333.9,2651,4667.8,5301.89,9335.6Upper respiratory and GI tract infections.
Corona Virus SarsXTRA152.19,155,304.39,309.89,456.5,464.89,608.7,619.89,760.89,774.79,1217.5,1239.7,1369.59,1394.7,2435,2479.5,4870,4959,9740,9918Upper respiratory and GI tract infections.
Coronaviridae InfectionsETDF80,350,5750,12930,63470,182500,435290,562500,793500,995750Upper respiratory and GI tract infections.
Corticobasal CBGDETDF120,270,7610,32850,98090,222550,462520,602510,743120,905150Rare progressive neurodegenerative condition with marked movement disorders and cognitive dysfunction
CorynebacteriumXTRA316000Corynebacteria are small, 0.5 x 3Đ5 um, Gram-positive, typically club-shaped, nonsporulating rods, many of which occur widely in nature or as commensal organisms on the skin or mucous membranes of animals.
Corynebacterium DiphtheriaeCAFL151,200,340,432,490,624,776,788,925Bacteria that causes Diphtheria.
Respiratory
Corynebacterium DiphtheriaeHC340000-344000Bacteria that causes Diphtheria.
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae 1XTRA151,340,432,590,624,776,788,842.77,847.73,852.69,925,21250,21375,21500Bacteria that causes Diphtheria.
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae 2XTRA842.77,847.73,852.69,21250,21375Bacteria that causes Diphtheria.
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae 3XTRA847.73,17027.18Bacteria that causes Diphtheria.
Corynebacterium XerosisHC315650-316800Can cause Endocarditis, skin infections, and other illnesses.
Corynebacterium Xerosis 1XTRA782.41,783.28,785.26,19728.13,19750,19800Can cause Endocarditis, skin infections, and other illnesses.
Corynebacterium Xerosis 2XTRA783.28,15732.7Can cause Endocarditis, skin infections, and other illnesses.
CostalgiaCAFL10000,880,787,727Rib-cage pain. Other uses: facial paralysis, hot flashes, enuresis/bed wetting.
Muscle
Costalgia 2XTRA26,160,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1500,1550,2720,3000,10000Rib-cage pain.
Costello SyndromeETDF60,320,730,850,10890,66300,185290,253040,735300,957500Also called FCS Syndrome. Rare genetic disorder that affects many part of the body.
CoughETDF70,240,910,7500,12080,145500,442000,574500,797500,983500A cough, also known as tussis, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage of foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids, and mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cough :
Cough. Common causes of coughing are: Allergies that involve the nose or sinuses Asthma and COPD (emphysema or chronic bronchitis) The common cold and flu Lung infections such as pneumonia or acute bronchitis Sinusitis with postnasal drip Other causes include: ACE inhibitors (medicines used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney diseases) Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Lung cancer Lung disease such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease.
If you have asthma or another chronic lung disease, make sure you are taking medicines prescribed by your health care provider. Here are some tips to help ease your cough: If you have a dry, tickling cough, try cough drops or hard candy. Never give these to a child under age 3, because they can cause choking. Use a vaporizer or take a steamy shower to increase moisture in the air and help soothe a dry throat. Drink plenty of fluids. Liquids help thin the mucus in your throat making it easier to cough it up. DO NOT smoke, and stay away from secondhand smoke. Medicines you can buy on your own include: Guaifenesin helps break up mucus. Follow package instructions on how much to take. DO NOT take more than the recommended amount. Drink lots of fluids if you take this medicine. Decongestants help clear a runny nose and relieve postnasal drip. Check with your provider before taking decongestants if you have high blood pressure. Talk to your child's provider before you give children ages 6 years or younger an over-the-counter cough medicine, even if it is labeled for children. These medicines likely do not work for children, and can have serious side effects. If you have seasonal allergies, such as hay fever: Stay indoors during days or times of the day (usually the morning) when airborne allergens are high. Keep windows closed and use an air conditioner. DO not use fans that draw in air from outdoors. Shower and change your clothes after being outside. If you have allergies year-round, cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers, use an air purifier, and avoid pets with fur and other triggers.
Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Hives or a swollen face or throat with difficulty swallowing Call your provider right away if a person with cough has any of the following: Heart disease, swelling in your legs, or a cough that gets worse when you lie down (may be signs of heart failure ) Have come into contact with someone who has tuberculosis Unintentional weight loss or night sweats (could be tuberculosis) An infant younger than 3 months old who has a cough Cough lasts longer than 10 to 14 days Cough that produces blood Fever (may be a sign of a bacterial infection that requires antibiotics) High-pitched sound (called stridor ) when breathing in Thick, foul-smelling, yellowish-green phlegm (could be a bacterial infection) Violent cough that begins rapidly.
The provider will perform a physical exam. You will be asked about your cough. Questions may include: When the cough began What it sounds like If there is pattern to it What makes it better or worse If you have other symptoms, such as a fever The provider will examine your ears, nose, throat, and chest. Tests that may be done include: Chest x-ray or CT scan Lung function tests Blood tests Tests to check the heart, such as an echocardiogram Treatment depends on the cause of the cough.
Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child When your baby or infant has a fever.
Lungs Lungs.
Chung KF, Mazzone SB. Cough.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cough :
Coughing up blood. Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract. Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is most often bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus contains only streaks of blood. The outlook depends on what is causing the problem. Most people do well with treatment to treat the symptoms and the underlying disease. People with severe hemoptysis may die.
A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood. These include: Blood clot in the lung Breathing food or other material into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration) Bronchoscopy with biopsy Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cancer Cystic fibrosis Inflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis) Injury to the arteries of the lungs Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood) Pneumonia or other lung infections Pulmonary edema Systemic lupus erythematosus Tuberculosis Very thin blood (from blood thinning medications, most often at higher than recommended levels).
Medicines that stop coughing (cough suppressants) may help if the problem comes from heavy coughing. These medicines may lead to airway blockages, so check with your health care provider before using them. Keep track of how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Call your provider any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.
Get medical help right away if you cough up blood and have: A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood Blood in your urine or stools Chest pain Dizziness Fever Lightheadedness Severe shortness of breath.
In an emergency, your provider will give you treatments to control your condition. The provider will then ask you questions about your cough, such as: How much blood are you coughing up? Are you coughing up large amounts of blood at a time? Do you have blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)? How many times have you coughed up blood and how often does it happen? How long has the problem been going on? Is it worse at some times such as at night? What other symptoms do you have? The provider will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include: Bronchoscopy , a test to view the airways Chest CT scan Chest x-ray Complete blood count Lung biopsy Lung scan Pulmonary arteriography Sputum culture and smear Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT.
Hemoptysis; Spitting up blood; Bloody sputum.
Brown CA, Raja AS. Hemoptysis.
CoughXTRA1234,514A cough, also known as tussis, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage of foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids, and mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cough :
Cough. Common causes of coughing are: Allergies that involve the nose or sinuses Asthma and COPD (emphysema or chronic bronchitis) The common cold and flu Lung infections such as pneumonia or acute bronchitis Sinusitis with postnasal drip Other causes include: ACE inhibitors (medicines used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney diseases) Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Lung cancer Lung disease such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease.
If you have asthma or another chronic lung disease, make sure you are taking medicines prescribed by your health care provider. Here are some tips to help ease your cough: If you have a dry, tickling cough, try cough drops or hard candy. Never give these to a child under age 3, because they can cause choking. Use a vaporizer or take a steamy shower to increase moisture in the air and help soothe a dry throat. Drink plenty of fluids. Liquids help thin the mucus in your throat making it easier to cough it up. DO NOT smoke, and stay away from secondhand smoke. Medicines you can buy on your own include: Guaifenesin helps break up mucus. Follow package instructions on how much to take. DO NOT take more than the recommended amount. Drink lots of fluids if you take this medicine. Decongestants help clear a runny nose and relieve postnasal drip. Check with your provider before taking decongestants if you have high blood pressure. Talk to your child's provider before you give children ages 6 years or younger an over-the-counter cough medicine, even if it is labeled for children. These medicines likely do not work for children, and can have serious side effects. If you have seasonal allergies, such as hay fever: Stay indoors during days or times of the day (usually the morning) when airborne allergens are high. Keep windows closed and use an air conditioner. DO not use fans that draw in air from outdoors. Shower and change your clothes after being outside. If you have allergies year-round, cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers, use an air purifier, and avoid pets with fur and other triggers.
Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Hives or a swollen face or throat with difficulty swallowing Call your provider right away if a person with cough has any of the following: Heart disease, swelling in your legs, or a cough that gets worse when you lie down (may be signs of heart failure ) Have come into contact with someone who has tuberculosis Unintentional weight loss or night sweats (could be tuberculosis) An infant younger than 3 months old who has a cough Cough lasts longer than 10 to 14 days Cough that produces blood Fever (may be a sign of a bacterial infection that requires antibiotics) High-pitched sound (called stridor ) when breathing in Thick, foul-smelling, yellowish-green phlegm (could be a bacterial infection) Violent cough that begins rapidly.
The provider will perform a physical exam. You will be asked about your cough. Questions may include: When the cough began What it sounds like If there is pattern to it What makes it better or worse If you have other symptoms, such as a fever The provider will examine your ears, nose, throat, and chest. Tests that may be done include: Chest x-ray or CT scan Lung function tests Blood tests Tests to check the heart, such as an echocardiogram Treatment depends on the cause of the cough.
Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child When your baby or infant has a fever.
Lungs Lungs.
Chung KF, Mazzone SB. Cough.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cough :
Coughing up blood. Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract. Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is most often bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus contains only streaks of blood. The outlook depends on what is causing the problem. Most people do well with treatment to treat the symptoms and the underlying disease. People with severe hemoptysis may die.
A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood. These include: Blood clot in the lung Breathing food or other material into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration) Bronchoscopy with biopsy Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cancer Cystic fibrosis Inflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis) Injury to the arteries of the lungs Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood) Pneumonia or other lung infections Pulmonary edema Systemic lupus erythematosus Tuberculosis Very thin blood (from blood thinning medications, most often at higher than recommended levels).
Medicines that stop coughing (cough suppressants) may help if the problem comes from heavy coughing. These medicines may lead to airway blockages, so check with your health care provider before using them. Keep track of how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Call your provider any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.
Get medical help right away if you cough up blood and have: A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood Blood in your urine or stools Chest pain Dizziness Fever Lightheadedness Severe shortness of breath.
In an emergency, your provider will give you treatments to control your condition. The provider will then ask you questions about your cough, such as: How much blood are you coughing up? Are you coughing up large amounts of blood at a time? Do you have blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)? How many times have you coughed up blood and how often does it happen? How long has the problem been going on? Is it worse at some times such as at night? What other symptoms do you have? The provider will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include: Bronchoscopy , a test to view the airways Chest CT scan Chest x-ray Complete blood count Lung biopsy Lung scan Pulmonary arteriography Sputum culture and smear Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT.
Hemoptysis; Spitting up blood; Bloody sputum.
Brown CA, Raja AS. Hemoptysis.
Cough LingeringXTRA1666.34,2543.34,2444,55,3665.65,4664.44A persistent cough or a chronic cough is a common symptom with many possible causes. Annoying effects of coughing, such as loss of sleep, sore chest muscles, and leaking urine can affect your quality of life and interfere with your daily activities.
If your cough is lingering, you might also be wondering if it could be something worse than a cold or allergies. What does it mean if you have a cough that just won't go away?
CoughingCAFL522,524,525,146,1500,1550,0.5,514,530,432,440,444,720,1234,3702,20,125,72,95,7.7A cough, also known as tussis, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage of foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids, and mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs.
Respiratory

Encyclopedia Entry for Coughing :
Coughing up blood. Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract. Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is most often bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus contains only streaks of blood. The outlook depends on what is causing the problem. Most people do well with treatment to treat the symptoms and the underlying disease. People with severe hemoptysis may die.
A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood. These include: Blood clot in the lung Breathing food or other material into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration) Bronchoscopy with biopsy Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cancer Cystic fibrosis Inflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis) Injury to the arteries of the lungs Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood) Pneumonia or other lung infections Pulmonary edema Systemic lupus erythematosus Tuberculosis Very thin blood (from blood thinning medications, most often at higher than recommended levels).
Medicines that stop coughing (cough suppressants) may help if the problem comes from heavy coughing. These medicines may lead to airway blockages, so check with your health care provider before using them. Keep track of how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Call your provider any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.
Get medical help right away if you cough up blood and have: A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood Blood in your urine or stools Chest pain Dizziness Fever Lightheadedness Severe shortness of breath.
In an emergency, your provider will give you treatments to control your condition. The provider will then ask you questions about your cough, such as: How much blood are you coughing up? Are you coughing up large amounts of blood at a time? Do you have blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)? How many times have you coughed up blood and how often does it happen? How long has the problem been going on? Is it worse at some times such as at night? What other symptoms do you have? The provider will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include: Bronchoscopy , a test to view the airways Chest CT scan Chest x-ray Complete blood count Lung biopsy Lung scan Pulmonary arteriography Sputum culture and smear Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT.
Hemoptysis; Spitting up blood; Bloody sputum.
Brown CA, Raja AS. Hemoptysis.
Coxa PlanaETDF40,320,700,870,5780,32500,181930,621690,705540,815700Also called Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease. Flattening of head of femur due to Osteochondritis - also see this program.
CoxsackieVEGA136,232,422,424,435,921,923Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Coxsackie :
Coxsackievirus. Enterovirus. Human,Fecal-oral. Associated with Meningitis, myocarditis, paralysis

Encyclopedia Entry for Coxsackie :
Coxsackievirus. Enterovirus. Human,Fecal-oral. Associated with Meningitis, myocarditis, paralysis
CoxsackieXTRA136,144,232,380,422,424,435,595,676,769,921,923,1189Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Coxsackie :
Coxsackievirus. Enterovirus. Human,Fecal-oral. Associated with Meningitis, myocarditis, paralysis

Encyclopedia Entry for Coxsackie :
Coxsackievirus. Enterovirus. Human,Fecal-oral. Associated with Meningitis, myocarditis, paralysis
Coxsackie B1CAFL353,384,834,587,723Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Intestines
Coxsackie B1HC360500-366100Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B2CAFL705,534,867Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B2VEGA705,534Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B3CAFL612,487,868,653,654Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B4CAFL421,353,540,8632Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B4HC361450-363700Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B4VEGA421Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B5CAFL462,1043,1083,569,647,708,774Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B5VEGA462,1043,1083Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B6CAFL488,736,814,343,551,657,668,669Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie B6VEGA736,814Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie GeneralCAFL612,136,144,232,380,422,424,435,921,923,769,1189,595,676Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis. Also see Mumps.
Coxsackie Virus InfectionsETDF70,220,620,2500,360500,366100,364000,475290,527000,667000Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Coxsackie Virus InfectionsKHZ70,220,620,2500,5500,40000,97500,475290,527000,667000Infects heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis. Found with Bacteroides fragilis.
Cramping and NauseaCAFL72,95,190,880,832,787,727,20,4.9See Parasites Enterobiasis, Roundworm, Round Worms, and Roundworm General.
Cramps GeneralCAFL36,727,787,880,10000Overuse of a muscle, dehydration, muscle strain or simply holding a position for a prolonged period can cause a muscle cramp. In many cases, however, the cause isn't known. Although most muscle cramps are harmless, some may be related to an underlying medical condition, such as: Inadequate blood supply.
Cramps MenstrualCAFL26Also see Dysmenorrhea, and Endometriosis programs.
Cranial Nerve DiseasesETDF60,260,950,5150,27250,42500,95950,427500,607000,862020Impaired functioning of one of the 12 cranial nerves.
Cranial Nerve DiseasesKHZ60,260,950,5150,27250,42500,95950,427500,67000,862020Impaired functioning of one of the 12 cranial nerves.
Cranial Nerve II DiseasesETDF40,180,700,2250,5290,47500,275520,425290,571000,813000Impaired functioning of optic nerve.
Eyes
Craniocerebral TraumaETDF130,230,1600,8530,17500,72530,155290,396500,437480,828570Traumatic brain injury.
Craniofacial DysostosisETDF90,3500,12680,51890,110300,292500,452500,695750,825290,953720Now called Crouzon Syndrome. Malformation of skull and facial bones.
CraniopharyngiomaETDF150,1350,16750,81930,118850,282500,315950,523500,775290,954500Rare brain tumor derived from embryonic pituitary tissue.
Brain

Encyclopedia Entry for Craniopharyngioma :
Craniopharyngioma. The exact cause of the tumor is unknown. This tumor most commonly affects children between 5 to 10 years of age. Adults can sometimes be affected. Boys and girls are equally likely to develop this tumor.
Craniopharyngioma causes symptoms by: Increasing pressure on the brain, usually from hydrocephalus Disrupting hormone production by the pituitary gland Pressure or damage to the optic nerve Increased pressure on the brain can cause: Headache Nausea Vomiting (especially in the morning) Damage to the pituitary gland causes hormone imbalances that can lead to excessive thirst and urination, and slow growth. When the optic nerve is damaged by the tumor, vision problems develop. These defects are often permanent. They may get worse after surgery to remove the tumor. Behavioral and learning problems may be present.
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests will be done to check for a tumor. These may include: Blood tests to measure hormone levels CT scan or MRI scan of the brain Examination of the nervous system.
The goal of the treatment is to relieve symptoms. Usually, surgery has been the main treatment for craniopharyngioma. However, radiation treatment instead of surgery or along with a smaller surgery may be the best choice for some people. In tumors that cannot be removed completely with surgery alone, radiation therapy is used. If the tumor has a classic appearance on CT scan, a biopsy may not be needed if treatment with radiation alone is planned. Stereotactic radiosurgery is performed at some medical centers. This tumor is best treated at a center with experience in treating craniopharyngiomas.
In general, the outlook is good. There is an 80% to 90% chance of a cure if the tumor can be completely removed with surgery or treated with high doses of radiation. If the tumor returns, it will most often come back within the first 2 years after surgery. Outlook depends on several factors, including: Whether the tumor can be completely removed Which nervous system problems and hormonal imbalances the tumor and treatment cause Most of the problems with hormones and vision do not improve with treatment. Sometimes, the treatment may even make them worse.
There may be long-term hormone, vision, and nervous system problems after craniopharyngioma is treated. When the tumor is not completely removed, the condition may return.
Call your provider for the following symptoms: Headache, nausea, vomiting, or balance problems (signs of increased pressure on the brain) Increased thirst and urination Poor growth in a child Vision changes.
Endocrine glands Endocrine glands.
Ater JL, Kuttesch JF. Brain tumors in childhood.
CraniosynostosesETDF30,320,730,950,10300,21800,85290,234510,482500,717520Premature fusing of infant skull sutures, causing abnormal shape.
Creative ThoughtXTRA7.5Other uses: meditation, alleviation of confused thinking.
Mind
Creative VisualizationXTRA6,10Creative visualization is a type of mindfulness exercise that can be used to promote success in every area of life. Visualization is the process of putting together visual mental imagery of what you are wanting to manifest. Consequently, you can start to gain emotions associated with the desired image.
Mind
CreativityXTRA8.22,183.58Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work, or a painting).
Mind
Creeping EruptionETDF70,370,700,850,5690,7250,30000,55540,93500,322060Also called Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM). Skin disease from hookworm larvae. See Ancylostoma and Hookworm programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Creeping Eruption :
Creeping eruption. Hookworm eggs are found in the stool of infected dogs and cats. When the eggs hatch, the larvae can infest soil and vegetation. When you come into contact with this infested soil, the larvae can burrow into your skin. They cause an intense inflammatory response that leads to a rash and severe itching. Creeping eruption is more common in countries with warm climates. In the United States, the Southeast has the highest rates of infection. The main risk factor for this disease is contact with damp, sandy soil that has been contaminated with infected cat or dog stool. More children than adults are infected.
Symptoms of creeping eruption include: Blisters Itching, may be more severe at night Raised, snakelike tracks in the skin that may spread over time, usually about 1 cm (less than one half inch) per day, usually on the feet and legs (severe infections may cause several tracks).
Your health care provider can often diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. In rare cases, a skin biopsy is done to rule out other conditions. In very rare cases, a blood test is done to see if you have increased eosinophils (a type of white blood cell).
Anti-parasitic medicines may be used to treat the infection.
Creeping eruption often goes away by itself over weeks to months. Treatment helps the infection go away more quickly.
Creeping eruption may lead to these complications: Bacterial skin infections caused by scratching Spread of the infection through the bloodstream to the lungs or small intestine (rare).
Make an appointment with your provider if you or your child have skin sores that are: Snake-like Itchy Moving from one area to another.
Public sanitation and deworming of dogs and cats have decreased hookworm infestation in the United States. Hookworm larvae often enter the body through bare feet, so wearing shoes in areas where hookworm infestations are known to occur helps prevent infection.
Parasite infection - hookworm; Cutaneous larvae migrans; Zoonotic hookworm; Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma braziliensis; Bunostomum phlebotomum; Uncinaria stenocephala.
Hookworm - mouth of the organism Hookworm - mouth of the organism Hookworm - close-up of the organism Hookworm - close-up of the organism Hookworm - Ancyclostoma caninum Hookworm - Ancylostoma caninum Cutaneous larva migrans Cutaneous larva migrans Strongyloidiasis, creeping eruption on the back Strongyloidiasis, creeping eruption on the back.
Habif TP. Infestations and bites.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob New VariantETDF70,120,750,930,17500,29000,412000,515000,791500,995150Neurodegenerative disease due to Prions - see this program.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob SyndromeETDF70,120,750,930,15090,24400,417500,505000,791500,995150Neurodegenerative disease due to Prions - see this program.
Cri-du-Chat SyndromeETDF160,550,9850,87500,162500,212500,452500,597500,650000,726070Rare genetic disorder with many problems and organ/system defects.
CritterCAFL421,1033,1035,1111External parasites
Critter 1BIO1033External parasites
Critter 2XTRA421,1035,1111External parasites
Crocus SotilusCAFL710Crocus is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family comprising 90 species of perennials growing from corms. Many are cultivated for their flowers appearing in autumn, winter, or spring. The spice saffron is obtained from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, an autumn-blooming species.
Crohn's and Other Bowel ProblemsCAFL110,133,141,173,187,233,350,447,468,488,510,543,604,664,672,782,866,972,979,1423Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. Also see Ileocolitis Colon Inflammation.
Intestines
Crohn's DiseaseCAFL10000,727,786,440,832,880,1550,20Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. See Colitis, Colon, and Parasites programs. Also see Ileocolitis Colon Inflammation.
Intestines

Encyclopedia Entry for Crohn's Disease :
Crohn's Disease. Can be caused by an interaction between bacteria and fungi, and in particular between a fungus, Candida tropicalis, and two bacteria: Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Crohn's DiseaseETDF30,410,620,950,7500,25750,87500,480000,525290,825000Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. See Colitis, Colon, and Parasites programs. Also see Ileocolitis Colon Inflammation.

Encyclopedia Entry for Crohn's Disease :
Crohn's Disease. Can be caused by an interaction between bacteria and fungi, and in particular between a fungus, Candida tropicalis, and two bacteria: Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Crohn's Disease 1XTRA14,20,60,95,100,110,333,428,440,523,600,625,650,660,680,690,727,727.5,768,776,786,787,802,810,832,880,1550,2000,3000,10000Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. See Colitis, Colon, and Parasites programs.
Crohn's Disease ProtozoaXTRA200,206,249,298Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. See Colitis, Colon, and Parasites programs. Also see Ileocolitis Colon Inflammation.
Crohn's Disease ViroidXTRA585,593,600Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of GI tract. See Colitis, Colon, and Parasites programs. Also see Ileocolitis Colon Inflammation.
Cross InfectionETDF60,230,730,830,2750,17500,62500,195950,491000,769710The transfer of infection, especially to a hospital patient with a different infection or between different species of animal or plant.
CroupETDF40,490,820,9800,67500,215500,332500,441120,625290,810500Respiratory condition due to viral infection of upper airway.

Encyclopedia Entry for Croup :
Croup, infectious - parainfluenza viruses 1-3 (Paramyxovirus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Croup :
Croup. Croup is most often caused by viruses such as parainfluenza RSV, measles, adenovirus, and influenza. It tends to appear in children between 3 months and 5 years old, but it can happen at any age. Some children are more likely to get croup and may get it several times. It is most common between October and March, but can occur at any time of the year. More severe cases of croup may be caused by bacteria. This condition is called bacterial tracheitis. Croup may also be caused by: Allergies Breathing in something that irritates your airway Acid reflux.
The main symptom of croup is a cough that sounds like a seal barking. Most children will have mild cold symptoms for several days before the barking cough becomes evident. As the cough gets more frequent, the child may have trouble breathing or stridor (a harsh, crowing noise made when breathing in). Croup is typically much worse at night. It often lasts 5 or 6 nights. The first night or two are most often the worst. Rarely, croup can last for weeks. Talk to your child's health care provider if croup lasts longer than a week or comes back often.
Children with croup are most often diagnosed based on the parent's description of the symptoms and a physical exam. Sometimes, a provider will listen to a child cough over the phone to identify croup. In a few cases, x-rays or other tests may be needed. A physical exam may show chest retractions with breathing. When listening to the child's chest through a stethoscope, the provider may hear: Difficulty breathing in and out Wheezing Decreased breath sounds An exam of the throat may reveal a red epiglottis. A neck x-ray may reveal a foreign object or narrowing of the trachea.
Most cases of croup can be safely managed at home. However, you should call your provider for advice, even in the middle of the night. Steps you can take at home include: Expose your child to cool or moist air, such as in a steamy bathroom or outside in the cool night air. This may offer some breathing relief. Set up a cool air vaporizer in the child's bedroom and use it for a few nights. Make your child more comfortable by giving acetaminophen. This medicine also lowers a fever so the child will not have to breathe as hard. Avoid cough medicines unless you discuss them with your provider first. Your provider may prescribe medicines, such as: Steroid medicines taken by mouth or through an inhaler Antibiotic medicine (for some, but not most cases) Your child may need to be treated in the emergency room or to stay in the hospital if they: Have breathing problems that do not go away or get worse Become too tired because of breathing problems Have bluish skin color Are not drinking enough fluids Medicines and treatments used at the hospital may include: Breathing medicines given with a nebulizer machine Steroid medicines given through a vein (IV) An oxygen tent placed over a crib Fluids given through a vein for dehydration Antibiotics given through a vein Rarely, a breathing tube through the nose or mouth will be needed to help your child breathe.
Croup is most often mild, but it can still be dangerous. It most often goes away in 3 to 7 days. The tissue that covers the trachea (windpipe) is called the epiglottis. If the epiglottis becomes infected, the entire windpipe can swell shut. This is a life-threatening condition. If an airway blockage is not treated promptly, the child can have severe trouble breathing or breathing may stop completely.
Most croup can be safely managed at home with telephone support from your provider. Call your provider if your child is not responding to home treatment or is acting more irritable. Call 911 if: Croup symptoms may have been caused by an insect sting or inhaled object. Your child has bluish lips or skin color. Your child is drooling. Your child is having trouble swallowing. There is stridor (a noise when breathing in). There is a tugging-in of the muscles between the ribs when breathing in. Your child is struggling to breathe.
Wash your hands frequently and avoid close contact with people who have a respiratory infection. Many cases of croup can be prevented with immunizations. The diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), and measles vaccines protect children from some of the most dangerous forms of croup.
Viral croup; Laryngotracheobronchitis - acute; Spasmodic croup; Barking cough - croup.
Lungs Lungs Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Voice box Voice box.
Bower J, McBride JT. Croup in children (acute laryngotracheobronchitis).
CroupXTRA20,72,95,278,290,333,444,523,580,666,683,688,712,728,766,776,786,870,880,960,1165,1234,1550,3672,3702,7344,10000Respiratory condition due to viral infection of upper airway.

Encyclopedia Entry for Croup :
Croup, infectious - parainfluenza viruses 1-3 (Paramyxovirus)

Encyclopedia Entry for Croup :
Croup. Croup is most often caused by viruses such as parainfluenza RSV, measles, adenovirus, and influenza. It tends to appear in children between 3 months and 5 years old, but it can happen at any age. Some children are more likely to get croup and may get it several times. It is most common between October and March, but can occur at any time of the year. More severe cases of croup may be caused by bacteria. This condition is called bacterial tracheitis. Croup may also be caused by: Allergies Breathing in something that irritates your airway Acid reflux.
The main symptom of croup is a cough that sounds like a seal barking. Most children will have mild cold symptoms for several days before the barking cough becomes evident. As the cough gets more frequent, the child may have trouble breathing or stridor (a harsh, crowing noise made when breathing in). Croup is typically much worse at night. It often lasts 5 or 6 nights. The first night or two are most often the worst. Rarely, croup can last for weeks. Talk to your child's health care provider if croup lasts longer than a week or comes back often.
Children with croup are most often diagnosed based on the parent's description of the symptoms and a physical exam. Sometimes, a provider will listen to a child cough over the phone to identify croup. In a few cases, x-rays or other tests may be needed. A physical exam may show chest retractions with breathing. When listening to the child's chest through a stethoscope, the provider may hear: Difficulty breathing in and out Wheezing Decreased breath sounds An exam of the throat may reveal a red epiglottis. A neck x-ray may reveal a foreign object or narrowing of the trachea.
Most cases of croup can be safely managed at home. However, you should call your provider for advice, even in the middle of the night. Steps you can take at home include: Expose your child to cool or moist air, such as in a steamy bathroom or outside in the cool night air. This may offer some breathing relief. Set up a cool air vaporizer in the child's bedroom and use it for a few nights. Make your child more comfortable by giving acetaminophen. This medicine also lowers a fever so the child will not have to breathe as hard. Avoid cough medicines unless you discuss them with your provider first. Your provider may prescribe medicines, such as: Steroid medicines taken by mouth or through an inhaler Antibiotic medicine (for some, but not most cases) Your child may need to be treated in the emergency room or to stay in the hospital if they: Have breathing problems that do not go away or get worse Become too tired because of breathing problems Have bluish skin color Are not drinking enough fluids Medicines and treatments used at the hospital may include: Breathing medicines given with a nebulizer machine Steroid medicines given through a vein (IV) An oxygen tent placed over a crib Fluids given through a vein for dehydration Antibiotics given through a vein Rarely, a breathing tube through the nose or mouth will be needed to help your child breathe.
Croup is most often mild, but it can still be dangerous. It most often goes away in 3 to 7 days. The tissue that covers the trachea (windpipe) is called the epiglottis. If the epiglottis becomes infected, the entire windpipe can swell shut. This is a life-threatening condition. If an airway blockage is not treated promptly, the child can have severe trouble breathing or breathing may stop completely.
Most croup can be safely managed at home with telephone support from your provider. Call your provider if your child is not responding to home treatment or is acting more irritable. Call 911 if: Croup symptoms may have been caused by an insect sting or inhaled object. Your child has bluish lips or skin color. Your child is drooling. Your child is having trouble swallowing. There is stridor (a noise when breathing in). There is a tugging-in of the muscles between the ribs when breathing in. Your child is struggling to breathe.
Wash your hands frequently and avoid close contact with people who have a respiratory infection. Many cases of croup can be prevented with immunizations. The diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), and measles vaccines protect children from some of the most dangerous forms of croup.
Viral croup; Laryngotracheobronchitis - acute; Spasmodic croup; Barking cough - croup.
Lungs Lungs Throat anatomy Throat anatomy Voice box Voice box.
Bower J, McBride JT. Croup in children (acute laryngotracheobronchitis).
CryoglobulinemiaETDF150,240,650,970,12710,27300,212500,435290,695750,875950Causes proteins in blood to clump and become insoluble at low temperature.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryoglobulinemia :
Cryoglobulinemia. Cryoglobulins are antibodies. It is not yet known why they become solid or gel-like at low temperatures. When this occurs, these antibodies can cause inflammation and block blood vessels. This may lead to problems ranging from skin rashes to kidney failure. Cryoglobulinemia is part of a group of diseases that cause damage and inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body (vasculitis). There are three main types of this condition. They are grouped based on the type of antibody that is produced: Type I Type II Type III Types II and III are also referred to as mixed cryoglobulinemia. Type I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to cancer of the blood or immune systems. Types II and III are most often found in people who have a long-lasting (chronic) inflammatory condition, such as an autoimmune disease or hepatitis C. Most people with the type II form of the disease have a chronic hepatitis C infection. Other conditions that may be related to cryoglobulinemia include: Leukemia Multiple myeloma Primary macroglobulinemia Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Symptoms will vary depending on the type of disorder you have and the organs that are involved. Symptoms may include: Breathing problems Fatigue Glomerulonephritis Joint pain Muscle pain Purpura Raynaud phenomenon Skin death Skin ulcers.
The health care provider will do a physical exam. You will be checked for signs of liver and spleen swelling. Tests for cryoglobulinemia include: Complete blood count (CBC). Complement assay -- numbers will be low. Cryoglobulin test -- may show presence of cryoglobulins. (It is a good idea to check to make sure the lab has experience drawing and storing blood for this test.) Liver function tests -- may be high if hepatitis C is present. Rheumatoid factor -- positive in types II and III. Skin biopsy -- may show inflammation in blood vessels, vasculitis. Protein electrophoresis - blood -- may show an abnormal antibody protein. Urinalysis -- may show blood in the urine if the kidneys are affected. Other tests may include: Angiogram Chest x-ray ESR Hepatitis C test Nerve conduction tests, if the person has weakness in the arms or legs.
MIXED CRYOGLOBULINEMIA (TYPES II AND III) Mild or moderate forms of cryoglobulinemia can often be treated by taking steps to deal with the underlying cause. Current direct-acting hepatitis C treatments work for most people who have hepatitis C and mild or moderate disease. As hepatitis C goes away, the cryoglobulins should disappear. Severe cryoglobulinemia involves vital organs or large areas of skin. It is treated with corticosteroids and other medicines that suppress the immune system. Rituximab is an effective drug and has fewer risks than other medicines. Cyclophosphamide is used in life-threatening conditions where rituximab is not working or available. This medicine was used often in the past. A treatment called plasmaphereis is also used. In this his procedure, blood plasma is taken out of blood circulation and abnormal cryoglobulin antibody proteins are removed. The plasma is replaced by fluid, protein, or donated plasma. TYPE I CRYOGLOBULINEMIA This disorder is due to a cancer of the blood or immune system such as multiple myeloma. Treatment is directed against the abnormal cancer cells that produce the cryoglobulin.
Most of the time, mixed cryoglobulinemia does not lead to death. Outlook can be poor if the kidneys are affected.
Complications include: Bleeding in the digestive tract (rare) Heart disease (rare) Infections of ulcers Kidney failure Liver failure Skin death Death.
Call your provider if: You develop symptoms of cryoglobulinemia. You have hepatitis C and develop symptoms of cryoglobulinemia. You have cryoglobulinemia and develop new or worsening symptoms.
There is no known prevention for the condition. Staying away from cold temperatures may prevent some symptoms. Testing and treatment for hepatitis C infection may reduce your risk.
Cryoglobulinemia - of the fingers Cryoglobulinemia of the fingers Cryoglobulinemia - fingers Cryoglobulinemia - fingers Blood cells Blood cells.
De Vita S, Quartuccio L, Isola M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(3):843-853. PMID: 22147661 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22147661. Rajkumar SV. Plasma cell disorders.
CryptococcosisETDF970,1120,17750,51200,131020,217500,517500,653000,772290,956030Yeast infection that starts in lungs and can cause meningitis and other problems. Also see Torulopsis programs.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptococcosis :
Cryptococcosis- Busse-Buschke disease - Torulosis- European blastomycosis- Cryptococcus neoformans (encapsulated yeast)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptococcosis :
Cryptococcosis. C. neoformans and C. gattii are the fungi that cause this disease. Infection with C. neoformans is seen worldwide. Infection with C. gattii is mainly seen in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, British Columbia in Canada, Southeast Asia, and Australia. It is the more common fungus that causes the infection. Both types of fungi are found in soil. If you breathe the fungus in, it infects your lungs. The infection may go away on its own, remain in the lungs only, or spread throughout the body (disseminate). Cryptococcosis is most often seen in people with a weak immune system, such as those who: Are infected with HIV/AIDS Take high doses of corticosteroid medicines Cancer Are on chemotherapy medicines for cancer Have Hodgkin disease Have had an organ transplant C. gattii may affect people with normal immune system. C. neoformans is the most common life-threatening cause of fungal infection in people with HIV/AIDS. People between 20 to 40 years of age have this infection.
The infection may spread to the brain in people who have a weakened immune system. Neurological (brain) symptoms start slowly. Most people have swelling and irritation of the brain and spinal cord when they are diagnosed. Symptoms of brain infection may include: Fever and headache Neck stiffness Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision or double vision Confusion The infection can also affect the lungs and other organs. Lung symptoms may include: Difficulty in breathing Cough Chest pain Other symptoms may include: Bone pain or tenderness of the breastbone Fatigue Skin rash , including pinpoint red spots ( petechiae ), ulcers, or other skin lesions Sweating -- unusual, excessive at night Swollen glands Unintentional weight loss People with a healthy immune system may have no symptoms at all.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms and travel history. The physical exam may reveal: Abnormal breath sounds Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck Tests that may be done include: Blood culture to differentiate between the two fungi CT scan of the head Sputum culture and stain Lung biopsy Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage Spinal tap to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and other tests to check for signs of infection Chest x-ray Cryptococcal antigen test (looks for a certain molecule that is shed from the cell wall of the Cryptococcus neoformans fungus into the bloodstream).
Some infections require no treatment. Even so, there should be regular checkups for a full year to make sure the infection has not spread. If there are lung lesions or the disease spreads, your provider will prescribe you antifungal medicines. These medicines may need to be taken for a long time. Medicines include: Amphotericin B (can have severe side effects) Flucytosine Fluconazole.
Central nervous system involvement often causes death or leads to permanent damage.
Call your provider if you develop symptoms of cryptococcosis, especially if you have a weakened immune system.
C. neoformans var. neoformans infection; C. neoformans var. gatti infection; C. neoformans var. grubii infection.
Cryptococcus, cutaneous on the hand Cryptococcus, cutaneous on the hand Cryptococcosis on the forehead Cryptococcosis on the forehead.
Chan PA. Cryptococcosis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptococcosis :
Cryptococcosis. Source of disease: Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus gattiiXTRA578From Dr. Richard Loyd. Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes. A new strain of hypervirulent, deadly Cryptococcus gattii fungus has been discovered. People can become infected with Cryptococcus gattii by inhaling the microscopic organismsŃand there's not much you can do about it. Appearing several months after exposure to the fungus, the infection causes a bad cough and shortness of breath, among other symptoms.
Cryptococcus NeoformansCAFL367,428,444,476,478,522,579,594,785,792,872,2121,5880,5884,597,613,624Yeast causing respiratory infection that can turn into meningitis.
Lung
Cryptocotyle Lingua (Adult)HC409950-416000Parasitic trematode in fish that can infect humans.
Cryptocotyle Lingua (Adult)XTRA1016.15,1026.2,1031.16,12810.94,12937.5,13000Parasitic trematode in fish that can infect humans.
Cryptogenic Infantile SpasmsXTRA6000,320,600,32500,67500,97500,325750,519340,691270,754190Child epilepsy syndrome with unknown cause.
Cryptogenic Organizing PneumoniaETDF30,250,10530,7500,95150,312330,455820,517500,688290,843500Now called Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia. Non-infectious, with many possible causes.
CryptorchidismETDF70,570,850,10890,2500,25290,152500,324370,455720,879930Absence of one or both testicles from scrotum - usually undescended.
CryptosporidiosisETDF110,840,1710,12810,82500,112500,235950,657500,802500,925290GI tract infection caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptosporidiosis :
Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidiosis has become one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the United States in recent years; it is also found throughout the rest of the world. It is caused by a parasite that spreads when a water source is contaminated, usually with the feces of infected animals or humans. Symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, an upset stomach, and slight fever. Some people do not exhibit any symptoms.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptosporidiosis :
Cryptosporidiosis. Source of disease: Cryptosporidium species
CryptosporidiumCAFL220,482,575,4122,698,711,893,895,1276,5690Parasitic protozoa causing diarrhea. See Cryptosporidiosis.
Intestines

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptosporidium :
Cryptosporidium enteritis. Cryptosporidium has recently been recognized as a cause of diarrhea worldwide in all age groups. It has a greater effect on people with a weakened immune system, including: People who take medicines to suppress their immune system People with HIV/AIDS Transplant recipients In these groups, this infection is not just bothersome, but can lead to severe and life-threatening loss of muscle and body mass (wasting) and malnutrition. The major risk factor is drinking water that is contaminated with feces (stool). People at higher risk include: Animal handlers People who are in close contact with infected people Young children Outbreaks have been linked to: Drinking from contaminated public water supplies Drinking unpasteurized cider Swimming in contaminated pools and lakes Some outbreaks have been very large.
Symptoms of infection include: Abdominal cramping Diarrhea, which is often watery, large-volume, and occurs many times a day General sick feeling ( malaise ) Malnutrition and weight loss (in severe cases) Nausea.
These tests may be done: Antibody test to see if cryptosporidium is in the stool Intestinal biopsy (rare) Stool exam with special techniques (AFB staining) Stool exam using a microscope to look for the parasites and their eggs.
There are several treatments for cryptosporidium enteritis. Drugs such as nitazoxanide have been used in children and adults. Other drugs that are sometimes used include: Atovaquone Paromomycin These drugs often help only for a little while. It is common for the infection to return. The best approach is to improve immune function in people who have a weakened immune system. In people with HIV/AIDS, this can be done by using highly active antiviral therapy. Using this type of treatment can lead to a complete remission of cryptosporidium enteritis.
In healthy people, the infection will clear up, but it can last up to a month. In people with a weakened immune system , long-term diarrhea may cause weight loss and malnutrition.
These complications can occur: Inflammation of a bile duct Inflammation of the gallbladder Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) Malabsorption (not enough nutrients being absorbed from the intestinal tract) Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Loss of body mass that causes extreme thinness and weakness (wasting syndrome).
Contact your health care provider if you develop watery diarrhea that does not go away within a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system.
Proper sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing, are important measures for preventing this illness. Certain water filters can also reduce risk by filtering out the cryptosporidium eggs. However, the pores of the filter must be smaller than 1 micron to be effective. If you have a weakened immune system, ask your provider if you need to boil your water.
Cryptosporidiosis.
Cryptosporidium, organism Cryptosporidium, organism Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Huston CD. Intestinal protozoa.
CryptosporidiumVEGA482,4122Parasitic protozoa causing diarrhea. See Cryptosporidiosis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cryptosporidium :
Cryptosporidium enteritis. Cryptosporidium has recently been recognized as a cause of diarrhea worldwide in all age groups. It has a greater effect on people with a weakened immune system, including: People who take medicines to suppress their immune system People with HIV/AIDS Transplant recipients In these groups, this infection is not just bothersome, but can lead to severe and life-threatening loss of muscle and body mass (wasting) and malnutrition. The major risk factor is drinking water that is contaminated with feces (stool). People at higher risk include: Animal handlers People who are in close contact with infected people Young children Outbreaks have been linked to: Drinking from contaminated public water supplies Drinking unpasteurized cider Swimming in contaminated pools and lakes Some outbreaks have been very large.
Symptoms of infection include: Abdominal cramping Diarrhea, which is often watery, large-volume, and occurs many times a day General sick feeling ( malaise ) Malnutrition and weight loss (in severe cases) Nausea.
These tests may be done: Antibody test to see if cryptosporidium is in the stool Intestinal biopsy (rare) Stool exam with special techniques (AFB staining) Stool exam using a microscope to look for the parasites and their eggs.
There are several treatments for cryptosporidium enteritis. Drugs such as nitazoxanide have been used in children and adults. Other drugs that are sometimes used include: Atovaquone Paromomycin These drugs often help only for a little while. It is common for the infection to return. The best approach is to improve immune function in people who have a weakened immune system. In people with HIV/AIDS, this can be done by using highly active antiviral therapy. Using this type of treatment can lead to a complete remission of cryptosporidium enteritis.
In healthy people, the infection will clear up, but it can last up to a month. In people with a weakened immune system , long-term diarrhea may cause weight loss and malnutrition.
These complications can occur: Inflammation of a bile duct Inflammation of the gallbladder Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) Malabsorption (not enough nutrients being absorbed from the intestinal tract) Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Loss of body mass that causes extreme thinness and weakness (wasting syndrome).
Contact your health care provider if you develop watery diarrhea that does not go away within a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system.
Proper sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing, are important measures for preventing this illness. Certain water filters can also reduce risk by filtering out the cryptosporidium eggs. However, the pores of the filter must be smaller than 1 micron to be effective. If you have a weakened immune system, ask your provider if you need to boil your water.
Cryptosporidiosis.
Cryptosporidium, organism Cryptosporidium, organism Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
Huston CD. Intestinal protozoa.
Cryptosporidium ParvumXTRA432,482,660,690,727.5,753,4122,5776Parasitic protozoa causing diarrhea. See Cryptosporidiosis.
Cubital Tunnel SyndromeETDF120,550,850,2500,22500,147500,472500,725000,851030,975290Also called Ulnar Nerve Entrapment.
CunninghamellaCAFL311,323Fungus which can infect humans.
Currarino SyndromeETDF70,370,850,2500,3000,62500,95750,375290,633910,875000Congenital malformation of sacrum, anus, or rectum.
Curvularia SpiciferaBIO879Like other kinds of mold, this strain of mold is associated with a number of health problems, some of them quite serious. ... Chronic sinusitis is a fairly common symptoms of exposure to mold. In most cases, sinusitis is not too serious and is easily treated.
Cushing SyndromeETDF250,780,930,10530,7500,95950,322530,419340,564280,642060Caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol, either from medications or due to a tumor.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cushing Syndrome :
Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor. Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a higher than normal level of the hormone cortisol. This hormone is made in the adrenal glands. Too much cortisol can be due to various problems. One such problem is a tumor on one of the adrenal glands. Adrenal tumors release cortisol. Adrenal tumors are rare. They can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Noncancerous tumors that can cause Cushing syndrome include: Adrenal adenomas, a common tumor that rarely makes excess cortisol Macronodular hyperplasia , which causes the adrenal glands to enlarge and make excess cortisol Cancerous tumors that may cause Cushing syndrome include an adrenal carcinoma. This is a rare tumor, but it usually makes excess cortisol.
Most people with Cushing syndrome have: Round, red, full face ( moon face ) Slow growth rate in children Weight gain with fat accumulation on the trunk, but fat loss from the arms, legs, and buttocks (central obesity) Skin changes that are often seen: Skin infections Purple stretch marks (1/2 inch or 1 centimeter or more wide), called striae , on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, upper arms, and breasts Thin skin with easy bruising Muscle and bone changes include: Backache, which occurs with routine activities Bone pain or tenderness Collection of fat between the shoulders and above the collar bone Rib and spine fractures caused by thinning of the bones Weak muscles, especially of the hips and shoulders Body-wide (systemic) changes include: Type 2 diabetes mellitus High blood pressure Increased cholesterol and triglycerides Women often have: Excess hair growth on the face, neck, chest, abdomen, and thighs (more common than in other types of Cushing syndrome) Periods that become irregular or stop Men may have: Decreased or no desire for sex (low libido) Erection problems Other symptoms that may occur include: Mental changes, such as depression, anxiety, or changes in behavior Fatigue Headache Increased thirst and urination.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Tests to confirm Cushing syndrome: 24-hour urine sample to measure cortisol and creatinine levels Blood tests to check ACTH, cortisol, and potassium levels Dexamethasone suppression test Blood cortisol levels Blood DHEA level Saliva cortisol level Tests to determine cause or complications include: Abdominal CT ACTH Bone mineral density Cholesterol Fasting glucose.
Surgery is done to remove the adrenal tumor. Often, the entire adrenal gland is removed. Glucocorticoid replacement treatment is usually needed until the other adrenal gland recovers from surgery. You may need this treatment for 9 to 12 months. If surgery is not possible, such as in cases of adrenal cancer, medicines can be used to stop the release of cortisol.
People with an adrenal tumor who have surgery have an excellent outlook. For adrenal cancer, surgery is sometimes not possible. When surgery is performed, it does not always cure the cancer.
Cancerous adrenal tumors can spread to the liver or lungs.
Call your provider if you develop any symptoms of Cushing syndrome.
Appropriate treatment of adrenal tumors may reduce the risk of complications in some people with tumor-related Cushing syndrome.
Adrenal tumor - Cushing syndrome.
Endocrine glands Endocrine glands Adrenal metastases, CT scan Adrenal metastases, CT scan Adrenal Tumor - CT Adrenal Tumor - CT.
Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(8):2807-2831. PMID: 26222757 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222757. Schneider DF, Mazeh H, Lubner SJ, Jaume JC, Chen H. Cancer of the endocrine system.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cushing Syndrome :
Cushing syndrome. The most common cause of Cushing syndrome is taking too much glucocorticoid or corticosteroid medicine. This form of Cushing syndrome is called exogenous Cushing syndrome. Prednisone, dexamethasone, and prednisolone are examples of this type of medicine. Glucocorticoids mimic the action of the body's natural hormone cortisol. These drugs are used to treat many conditions such as asthma, skin inflammation, cancer, bowel disease, joint pain, and rheumatoid arthritis. Other people develop Cushing syndrome because their body produces too much cortisol. This hormone is made in the adrenal glands. Causes of too much cortisol are: Cushing disease , which occurs when the pituitary gland makes too much of the hormone ACTH. ACTH then signals the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol. A pituitary gland tumor can cause this condition. Tumor of the adrenal gland Tumor elsewhere in the body that produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Tumors elsewhere in the body that produce ACTH ( ectopic Cushing syndrome ).
Symptoms vary. Not everyone with Cushing syndrome has the same symptoms. Some people have many symptoms while others have hardly any symptoms. Most people with Cushing syndrome have: Round, red, full face ( moon face ) Slow growth rate (in children) Weight gain with fat accumulation on the trunk, but fat loss from the arms, legs, and buttocks (central obesity) Skin changes can include: Skin infections Purple stretch marks (1/2 inch or 1 centimeter or more wide) called striae on the skin of the abdomen, upper arms, thighs, and breasts Thin skin with easy bruising (especially on the arms and hands) Muscle and bone changes include: Backache, which occurs with routine activities Bone pain or tenderness Collection of fat between the shoulders and above collar bones Rib and spine fractures caused by thinning of the bones Weak muscles, especially of the hips and shoulders Body-wide (systemic) changes include: Type 2 diabetes mellitus High blood pressure (hypertension) Increased cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia) Women with Cushing syndrome may have: Excess hair growth on the face, neck, chest, abdomen, and thighs Periods that become irregular or stop Men may have: Decreased or no desire for sex (low libido) Erection problems Other symptoms that may occur with this disease: Mental changes, such as depression, anxiety, or changes in behavior Fatigue Headache Increased thirst and urination.
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and the medicines you are taking. Tell the provider about all medicines you have been taking for the past several months. Also tell the provider about shots that you received at a provider's office. Laboratory tests that may be done to diagnose Cushing syndrome and identify the cause are: Blood cortisol level Blood sugar Saliva cortisol level Dexamethasone suppression test 24-hour urine for cortisol and creatinine ACTH level ACTH stimulation test (rarely) Tests to determine the cause or complications may include: Abdominal CT Pituitary MRI Bone mineral density.
Treatment depends on the cause. Cushing syndrome caused by corticosteroid use: Your provider will instruct you to slowly decrease the medicine dosage. Stopping the medicine suddenly can be dangerous. If you cannot stop taking the medicine because of disease, your high blood sugar, high cholesterol levels, and bone thinning or osteoporosis should be closely monitored. With Cushing syndrome caused by a pituitary or a tumor that releases ACTH (Cushing disease), you may need: Surgery to remove the tumor Radiation after removal of a pituitary tumor (in some cases) Cortisol replacement therapy after surgery Medicines to replace pituitary hormones that become deficient Medicines to prevent the body from making too much cortisol With Cushing syndrome due to an adrenal tumor or other tumors: You may need surgery to remove the tumor. If the tumor cannot be removed, you may need medicines to help block the release of cortisol.
Removing the tumor may lead to full recovery, but there is a chance that the condition will return. Survival for people with Cushing syndrome caused by tumors depends on the tumor type. Untreated, Cushing syndrome can be life threatening.
Health problems that may result from Cushing syndrome include any of the following: Diabetes Enlargement of pituitary tumor Fractures due to osteoporosis High blood pressure Kidney stones Serious infections.
Call your provider if you have symptoms of Cushing syndrome.
If you take a corticosteroid, know the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Getting treated early can help prevent any long-term effects of Cushing syndrome. If you use inhaled steroids, you can decrease your exposure to the steroids by using a spacer and by rinsing your mouth after breathing in the steroids.
Hypercortisolism; Cortisol excess; Glucocorticoid excess - Cushing syndrome.
Endocrine glands Endocrine glands.
Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al; Endocrine Society. Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(8):2807-2831. PMID: 26222757 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222757. Stewart PM, Newell-Price JDC. The adrenal cortex.
Cutis LaxaETDF40,370,850,2750,3000,65750,95290,475000,650000,825750Connective tissue disorder where the skin loses elasticity and hangs loose.
Skin
Cutis LaxaKHZ10,370,850,2750,3000,65750,95290,475000,650000,825750Connective tissue disorder where the skin loses elasticity and hangs loose.
Skin
CyanosisETDF200,250,780,2500,12850,117500,295290,432410,751170,917500Bluish coloration of tissue due to low oxygen saturation. See Hypoxia, and Circulatory Stasis.
CyclosporaCAFL543,316,992,751,268,2144Parasitic protist that infects the GI tract. See Cyclosporiasis.
Intestines
CyclosporaXTRA268,316,543,751,992,2144Parasitic protist that infects the GI tract. See Cyclosporiasis.
CyclosporiasisETDF30,240,700,7500,12330,325500,440000,672500,797500,925950GI tract infection due to parasitic protist Cyclospora.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cyclosporiasis :
Cyclosporiasis - Cyclospora cayetanensis

Encyclopedia Entry for Cyclosporiasis :
Cyclosporiasis. Source of disease: Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cyclothymic DisorderETDF150,230,600,950,7500,18300,155030,517500,696500,893000Also called Cyclothymia. Chronic mood disorder less severe than Bipolar Disorder.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cyclothymic Disorder :
Cyclothymic disorder. The causes of cyclothymic disorder are unknown. Major depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymia often occur together in families. This suggests that these mood disorders share similar causes. Cyclothymia usually begins early in life. Men and women are equally affected.
Symptoms may include any of the following: Periods (episodes) of extreme happiness and high activity or energy (mania), or low mood, activity, or energy (depression) for at least 2 years (1 or more years in children and adolescents) Mood swings (these are less severe than in bipolar disorder or major depression) Ongoing symptoms, with no more than 2 symptom-free months in a row.
The diagnosis is usually based on your mood history. Your health care provider may order blood and urine tests to rule out medical causes of mood swings.
Treatments for this disorder include mood-stabilizing medicine, antidepressants, talk therapy, or some combination of these three treatments. Some of the more commonly used mood stabilizers are lithium and antiseizure medicines. Some people with cyclothymia may not respond to medicines as well as people with bipolar disorder.
You can ease the stress of living with cyclothymic disorder by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems.
Less than half of people with cyclothymic disorder go on to develop bipolar disorder. In other people, cyclothymia continues as a chronic condition or disappears with time.
The condition can progress to bipolar disorder.
Call a mental health professional if you or a loved one has alternating periods of depression and excitement that do not go away and that affect work, school, or social life. Seek help right away if you or a loved one is having thoughts of suicide.
Cyclothymia; Mood disorder - cyclothymia.
American Psychiatric Association. Cyclothymic disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013:139-141. Fava M, Ostergaard SD, Cassano P. Mood disorders: depressive disorders (major depressive disorder).
Cyst Hydatid 1XTRA164,187,453,523,542,623,803,843,854,1223,1360,3032,5522Tapeworm. See Echinococcus, Tapeworm, Taenia, Parasites Taenia, and Hymenolepis programs. Also use Parasites Tapeworms Secondary.
Cyst Sebaceous 1XTRA20,222,228,231,237,262,465,488,567,694,719,727,747,784,787,887,2154,2890,7880,10000Due to blocked sebaceous glands, swollen hair follicles, high testosterone, and some steroids.
Skin
Cyst Sebaceous 2XTRA75,76,543Due to blocked sebaceous glands, swollen hair follicles, high testosterone, and some steroids.
Skin
Cystic FibrosisCAFL523,557,478,776,660,727,778,787,802,880Also called Mucoviscidosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress.
Lungs Etc

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis - nutrition. The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen behind the stomach. An important job of the pancreas is to make enzymes. These enzymes help the body digest and absorb protein and fats. A buildup of sticky mucus in the pancreas from CF can lead to serious problems, including: Stools that contain mucus, are foul smelling, or float Gas, bloating, or distended belly Problems getting enough protein, fat, and calories in the diet Because of these problems, people with CF may have a hard time staying at a normal weight. Even when weight is normal, a person may not be getting the right nutrition. Children with CF may not grow or develop correctly.
The following are ways for adding protein and calories to the diet. Be sure to follow other specific instructions from your health care provider. Enzymes, vitamins, and salt: Most people with CF must take pancreatic enzymes. These enzymes help your body absorb fat and protein. Taking them all the time will decrease or get rid of foul-smelling stools, gas, and bloating. Take enzymes with all meals and snacks. Talk to your provider about increasing or decreasing your enzymes, depending on your symptoms. Ask your provider about taking vitamins A, D, E, K, and extra calcium. There are special formulas for people with CF. People who live in hot climates may need a small amount of extra table salt. Eating patterns: Eat whenever you are hungry. This may mean eating several small meals throughout the day. Keep a variety of nutritious snack foods around. Try to snack on something every hour, such as cheese and crackers, muffins, or trail mix. Try to eat regularly, even if it is only a few bites. Or, include a nutrition supplement or milkshake. Be flexible. If you aren't hungry at dinner time, make breakfast, mid-morning snacks, and lunch your main meals. Getting more calories and protein: Add grated cheese to soups, sauces, casseroles, vegetables, mashed potatoes, rice, noodles, or meat loaf. Use whole milk, half and half, cream, or enriched milk in cooking or beverages. Enriched milk has nonfat dry milk powder added to it. Spread peanut butter on bread products or use it as a dip for raw vegetables and fruit. Add peanut butter to sauces or use on waffles. Skim milk powder adds protein. Try adding 2 tablespoons (8.5 grams) of dry skim milk powder in addition to the amount of regular milk in recipes. Add marshmallows to fruit or hot chocolate. Add raisins, dates, or chopped nuts and brown sugar to hot or cold cereals, or have them for snacks. A teaspoon (5 g) of butter or margarine adds 45 calories to foods. Mix it into hot foods such as soups, vegetables, mashed potatoes, cooked cereal, and rice. Serve it on hot foods. Hot breads, pancakes, or waffles absorb more butter. Use sour cream or yogurt on vegetables such as potatoes, beans, carrots, or squash. It can also be used as a dressing for fruit. Breaded meat, chicken, and fish have more calories than broiled or plain roasted. Add extra cheese on top of frozen prepared pizza. Add coarsely chopped hard cooked egg and cheese cubes to a tossed salad. Serve cottage cheese with canned or fresh fruit. Add grated cheeses, tuna, shrimp, crabmeat, ground beef, diced ham or sliced boiled eggs to sauces, rice, casseroles, and noodles.
Egan ME, Green DM, Voynow JA. Cystic fibrosis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis - resources. Resources - cystic fibrosis.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that is passed down through families. It is caused by a defective gene that makes the body produce abnormally thick and sticky fluid, called mucus. This mucus builds up in the breathing passages of the lungs and in the pancreas. The buildup of mucus results in life-threatening lung infections and serious digestion problems. The disease may also affect the sweat glands and a man's reproductive system. Many people carry a CF gene, but do not have symptoms. This is because a person with CF must inherit 2 defective genes, 1 from each parent. Some white Americans have the CF gene. It is more common among those of northern or central European descent. Most children with CF are diagnosed by age 2. For a small number, the disease is not detected until age 18 or older. These children often have a milder form of the disease.
Symptoms in newborns may include: Delayed growth Failure to gain weight normally during childhood No bowel movements in first 24 to 48 hours of life Salty-tasting skin Symptoms related to bowel function may include: Belly pain from severe constipation Increased gas, bloating, or a belly that appears swollen (distended) Nausea and loss of appetite Stools that are pale or clay-colored , foul smelling, have mucus, or that float Weight loss Symptoms related to the lungs and sinuses may include: Coughing or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs Fatigue Nasal congestion caused by nasal polyps Repeated episodes of pneumonia (symptoms of pneumonia in someone with cystic fibrosis include fever, increased coughing and shortness of breath, increased mucus, and loss of appetite) Sinus pain or pressure caused by infection or polyps Symptoms that may be noticed later in life: Infertility (in men) Repeated inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis ) Respiratory symptoms Clubbed fingers Clubbed fingers.
A blood test is done to help detect CF. The test looks for changes in the CF gene. Other tests used to diagnose CF include: Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) test is a standard newborn screening test for CF. A high level of IRT suggests possible CF and requires further testing. Sweat chloride test is the standard diagnostic test for CF. A high salt level in the person's sweat is a sign of the disease. Other tests that identify problems that can be related to CF include: Chest x-ray or CT scan Fecal fat test Lung function tests Measurement of pancreatic function Secretin stimulation test Trypsin and chymotrypsin in stool Upper GI and small bowel series.
An early diagnosis of CF and treatment plan can improve both survival and quality of life. Follow-up and monitoring are very important. When possible, care should be received at a cystic fibrosis specialty clinic. When children reach adulthood, they should transfer to a cystic fibrosis specialty center for adults. Treatment for lung problems includes: Antibiotics to prevent and treat lung and sinus infections. They may be taken by mouth, or given in the veins or by breathing treatments. People with CF may take antibiotics only when needed, or all the time. Doses are often higher than normal. Inhaled medicines to help open the airways. Other medicines that are given by a breathing treatment to thin mucus and make it easier to cough up are DNAse enzyme. therapy and highly concentrated salt solutions (hypertonic saline). Flu vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) yearly (ask your health care provider). Lung transplant is an option in some cases. Oxygen therapy may be needed as lung disease gets worse. Lung problems are also treated with therapies to thin the mucus. This makes it easier to cough the mucus out of the lungs. These methods include: Activity or exercise that causes you to breathe deeply Devices that are used during the day to help clear the airways of too much mucus Manual chest percussion (or chest physiotherapy), in which a family member or a therapist lightly claps the person's chest, back, and area under the arms Treatment for bowel and nutritional problems may include: A special diet high in protein and calories for older children and adults Pancreatic enzymes to help absorb fats and protein, which are taken with every meal Vitamin supplements, especially vitamins A, D, E, and K Your provider can advise other treatments if you have very hard stools Ivacaftor is a medicine that treats certain types of CF. It improves the function of one of the defective genes that causes CF. As a result, there is less buildup of thick mucus in the lungs. Other CF symptoms are improved as well. Care and monitoring at home should include: Avoiding smoke, dust, dirt, fumes, household chemicals, fireplace smoke, and mold or mildew. Giving plenty of fluids, especially to infants and children in hot weather, when there is diarrhea or loose stools, or during extra physical activity. Exercising 2 or 3 times each week. Swimming, jogging, and cycling are good options. Clearing or bringing up mucus or secretions from the airways. This must be done 1 to 4 times each day. Patients, families, and caregivers must learn about doing chest percussion and postural drainage to help keep the airways clear. Postural drainage.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cystic fibrosis support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help your family to not feel alone.
Most children with CF stay in good health until they reach adulthood. They are able to take part in most activities and attend school. Many young adults with CF finish college or find jobs. Lung disease eventually worsens to the point where the person is disabled. Today, the average life span for people with CF who live to adulthood is about 37 years. Death is most often caused by lung complications.
The most common complication is chronic respiratory infection. Other complications include: Bowel problems, such as gallstones, intestinal blockage, and rectal prolapse Coughing up blood Chronic respiratory failure Diabetes Infertility Liver disease or liver failure, pancreatitis, biliary cirrhosis Malnutrition Nasal polyps and sinusitis Osteoporosis and arthritis Pneumonia that keeps coming back Pneumothorax Right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale).
Call your provider if an infant or child has symptoms of CF, and experiences: Fever, increased coughing, changes in sputum or blood in sputum, loss of appetite, or other signs of pneumonia Increased weight loss More frequent bowel movements or stools that are foul-smelling or have more mucus Swollen belly or increased bloating Call your provider if a person with CF develops new symptoms or if symptoms get worse, particularly severe breathing difficulty or coughing up blood.
CF cannot be prevented. Screening those with a family history of the disease may detect the CF gene in many carriers.
CF.
Enteral nutrition - child - managing problems Gastrostomy feeding tube - bolus How to breathe when you are short of breath Jejunostomy feeding tube Postural drainage.
Clubbing Clubbing Postural drainage Postural drainage Clubbed fingers Clubbed fingers Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis.
Accurso FJ. Cystic fibrosis.
Cystic FibrosisETDF100,500,680,830,190890,312500,452500,687500,795690,892500Also called Mucoviscidosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis - nutrition. The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen behind the stomach. An important job of the pancreas is to make enzymes. These enzymes help the body digest and absorb protein and fats. A buildup of sticky mucus in the pancreas from CF can lead to serious problems, including: Stools that contain mucus, are foul smelling, or float Gas, bloating, or distended belly Problems getting enough protein, fat, and calories in the diet Because of these problems, people with CF may have a hard time staying at a normal weight. Even when weight is normal, a person may not be getting the right nutrition. Children with CF may not grow or develop correctly.
The following are ways for adding protein and calories to the diet. Be sure to follow other specific instructions from your health care provider. Enzymes, vitamins, and salt: Most people with CF must take pancreatic enzymes. These enzymes help your body absorb fat and protein. Taking them all the time will decrease or get rid of foul-smelling stools, gas, and bloating. Take enzymes with all meals and snacks. Talk to your provider about increasing or decreasing your enzymes, depending on your symptoms. Ask your provider about taking vitamins A, D, E, K, and extra calcium. There are special formulas for people with CF. People who live in hot climates may need a small amount of extra table salt. Eating patterns: Eat whenever you are hungry. This may mean eating several small meals throughout the day. Keep a variety of nutritious snack foods around. Try to snack on something every hour, such as cheese and crackers, muffins, or trail mix. Try to eat regularly, even if it is only a few bites. Or, include a nutrition supplement or milkshake. Be flexible. If you aren't hungry at dinner time, make breakfast, mid-morning snacks, and lunch your main meals. Getting more calories and protein: Add grated cheese to soups, sauces, casseroles, vegetables, mashed potatoes, rice, noodles, or meat loaf. Use whole milk, half and half, cream, or enriched milk in cooking or beverages. Enriched milk has nonfat dry milk powder added to it. Spread peanut butter on bread products or use it as a dip for raw vegetables and fruit. Add peanut butter to sauces or use on waffles. Skim milk powder adds protein. Try adding 2 tablespoons (8.5 grams) of dry skim milk powder in addition to the amount of regular milk in recipes. Add marshmallows to fruit or hot chocolate. Add raisins, dates, or chopped nuts and brown sugar to hot or cold cereals, or have them for snacks. A teaspoon (5 g) of butter or margarine adds 45 calories to foods. Mix it into hot foods such as soups, vegetables, mashed potatoes, cooked cereal, and rice. Serve it on hot foods. Hot breads, pancakes, or waffles absorb more butter. Use sour cream or yogurt on vegetables such as potatoes, beans, carrots, or squash. It can also be used as a dressing for fruit. Breaded meat, chicken, and fish have more calories than broiled or plain roasted. Add extra cheese on top of frozen prepared pizza. Add coarsely chopped hard cooked egg and cheese cubes to a tossed salad. Serve cottage cheese with canned or fresh fruit. Add grated cheeses, tuna, shrimp, crabmeat, ground beef, diced ham or sliced boiled eggs to sauces, rice, casseroles, and noodles.
Egan ME, Green DM, Voynow JA. Cystic fibrosis.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis - resources. Resources - cystic fibrosis.


Encyclopedia Entry for Cystic Fibrosis :
Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that is passed down through families. It is caused by a defective gene that makes the body produce abnormally thick and sticky fluid, called mucus. This mucus builds up in the breathing passages of the lungs and in the pancreas. The buildup of mucus results in life-threatening lung infections and serious digestion problems. The disease may also affect the sweat glands and a man's reproductive system. Many people carry a CF gene, but do not have symptoms. This is because a person with CF must inherit 2 defective genes, 1 from each parent. Some white Americans have the CF gene. It is more common among those of northern or central European descent. Most children with CF are diagnosed by age 2. For a small number, the disease is not detected until age 18 or older. These children often have a milder form of the disease.
Symptoms in newborns may include: Delayed growth Failure to gain weight normally during childhood No bowel movements in first 24 to 48 hours of life Salty-tasting skin Symptoms related to bowel function may include: Belly pain from severe constipation Increased gas, bloating, or a belly that appears swollen (distended) Nausea and loss of appetite Stools that are pale or clay-colored , foul smelling, have mucus, or that float Weight loss Symptoms related to the lungs and sinuses may include: Coughing or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs Fatigue Nasal congestion caused by nasal polyps Repeated episodes of pneumonia (symptoms of pneumonia in someone with cystic fibrosis include fever, increased coughing and shortness of breath, increased mucus, and loss of appetite) Sinus pain or pressure caused by infection or polyps Symptoms that may be noticed later in life: Infertility (in men) Repeated inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis ) Respiratory symptoms Clubbed fingers Clubbed fingers.
A blood test is done to help detect CF. The test looks for changes in the CF gene. Other tests used to diagnose CF include: Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) test is a standard newborn screening test for CF. A high level of IRT suggests possible CF and requires further testing. Sweat chloride test is the standard diagnostic test for CF. A high salt level in the person's sweat is a sign of the disease. Other tests that identify problems that can be related to CF include: Chest x-ray or CT scan Fecal fat test Lung function tests Measurement of pancreatic function Secretin stimulation test Trypsin and chymotrypsin in stool Upper GI and small bowel series.
An early diagnosis of CF and treatment plan can improve both survival and quality of life. Follow-up and monitoring are very important. When possible, care should be received at a cystic fibrosis specialty clinic. When children reach adulthood, they should transfer to a cystic fibrosis specialty center for adults. Treatment for lung problems includes: Antibiotics to prevent and treat lung and sinus infections. They may be taken by mouth, or given in the veins or by breathing treatments. People with CF may take antibiotics only when needed, or all the time. Doses are often higher than normal. Inhaled medicines to help open the airways. Other medicines that are given by a breathing treatment to thin mucus and make it easier to cough up are DNAse enzyme. therapy and highly concentrated salt solutions (hypertonic saline). Flu vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) yearly (ask your health care provider). Lung transplant is an option in some cases. Oxygen therapy may be needed as lung disease gets worse. Lung problems are also treated with therapies to thin the mucus. This makes it easier to cough the mucus out of the lungs. These methods include: Activity or exercise that causes you to breathe deeply Devices that are used during the day to help clear the airways of too much mucus Manual chest percussion (or chest physiotherapy), in which a family member or a therapist lightly claps the person's chest, back, and area under the arms Treatment for bowel and nutritional problems may include: A special diet high in protein and calories for older children and adults Pancreatic enzymes to help absorb fats and protein, which are taken with every meal Vitamin supplements, especially vitamins A, D, E, and K Your provider can advise other treatments if you have very hard stools Ivacaftor is a medicine that treats certain types of CF. It improves the function of one of the defective genes that causes CF. As a result, there is less buildup of thick mucus in the lungs. Other CF symptoms are improved as well. Care and monitoring at home should include: Avoiding smoke, dust, dirt, fumes, household chemicals, fireplace smoke, and mold or mildew. Giving plenty of fluids, especially to infants and children in hot weather, when there is diarrhea or loose stools, or during extra physical activity. Exercising 2 or 3 times each week. Swimming, jogging, and cycling are good options. Clearing or bringing up mucus or secretions from the airways. This must be done 1 to 4 times each day. Patients, families, and caregivers must learn about doing chest percussion and postural drainage to help keep the airways clear. Postural drainage.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cystic fibrosis support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help your family to not feel alone.
Most children with CF stay in good health until they reach adulthood. They are able to take part in most activities and attend school. Many young adults with CF finish college or find jobs. Lung disease eventually worsens to the point where the person is disabled. Today, the average life span for people with CF who live to adulthood is about 37 years. Death is most often caused by lung complications.
The most common complication is chronic respiratory infection. Other complications include: Bowel problems, such as gallstones, intestinal blockage, and rectal prolapse Coughing up blood Chronic respiratory failure Diabetes Infertility Liver disease or liver failure, pancreatitis, biliary cirrhosis Malnutrition Nasal polyps and sinusitis Osteoporosis and arthritis Pneumonia that keeps coming back Pneumothorax Right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale).
Call your provider if an infant or child has symptoms of CF, and experiences: Fever, increased coughing, changes in sputum or blood in sputum, loss of appetite, or other signs of pneumonia Increased weight loss More frequent bowel movements or stools that are foul-smelling or have more mucus Swollen belly or increased bloating Call your provider if a person with CF develops new symptoms or if symptoms get worse, particularly severe breathing difficulty or coughing up blood.
CF cannot be prevented. Screening those with a family history of the disease may detect the CF gene in many carriers.
CF.
Enteral nutrition - child - managing problems Gastrostomy feeding tube - bolus How to breathe when you are short of breath Jejunostomy feeding tube Postural drainage.
Clubbing Clubbing Postural drainage Postural drainage Clubbed fingers Clubbed fingers Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis.
Accurso FJ. Cystic fibrosis.
Cystic Fibrosis 2XTRA333,478,523,557,660,690,727.5,768,775,776,778,786,787,802,880,1550Also called Mucoviscidosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress.
Lung
Cystic Fibrosis 3XTRA660,727,778,787,802,880Also called Mucoviscidosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress.
Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas AeruginosaXTRA174,178,191,405,482,633,731,785,1132,3965,5311,6646,16579.09,20703.13,20812.5Also called Mucoviscidosis. Use Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Breathing Deep, and General Antiseptic programs. See Parasites General, and Roundworm programs if no progress.
CysticercosisETDF80,350,750,17930,119000,217500,385950,620000,781330,903500Tissue infection caused by young pork tapeworm.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cysticercosis :
Cysticercosis - Taenia solium (larval form of the cestode)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cysticercosis :
Cysticercosis. Cysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from T solium. The eggs are found in contaminated food. Autoinfection is when a person who is already infected with adult T solium swallows its eggs. This occurs due to improper hand washing after a bowel movement. Risk factors include eating pork, fruits, and vegetables contaminated with T solium as a result of undercooking or improper food preparation. The disease can also be spread by contact with infected feces. The disease is rare in the United States. It is common in many developing countries.
Most often, the worms stay in muscles and do not cause symptoms. Symptoms that do occur depend on where the infection is found in the body: Brain -- seizures or symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor Eyes -- decreased vision or blindness Heart -- abnormal heart rhythms or heart failure (rare) Spine -- weakness or changes in walking due to damage to nerves in the spine.
Tests that may be done include: Blood tests to detect antibodies to the parasite Biopsy of the affected area CT scan, MRI scan, or x-rays to detect the lesion Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) Test in which an ophthalmologist looks inside the fundus of the eye.
Treatment may involve: Medicines to kill the parasites, such as albendazole or praziquantel Powerful anti-inflammatories (steroids) to reduce swelling If the cyst is in the eye or brain, steroids should be started a few days before other medicines to avoid problems caused by swelling during antiparasitic treatment. Not all people benefit from antiparasitic treatment. Sometimes, surgery may be needed to remove the infected area.
The outlook is good, unless the lesion has caused blindness, heart failure, or brain damage. These are rare complications.
Complications may include: Blindness, decreased vision Heart failure or abnormal heart rhythm Hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in part of the brain, often with increased pressure) Seizures.
If you have any symptoms of cysticercosis, contact your health care provider.
Avoid unwashed foods, do not eat uncooked foods while traveling, and always wash fruits and vegetables well.
Digestive system organs Digestive system organs.
White AC, Brunetti E. Cestodes.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cysticercosis :
Cysticercosis. Source of disease: Taenia solium
Cysticercus FasciolarisXTRA1081.73,1090.76,13637.5,13751.55Encysted larval cat tapeworm, usually in muscle.
CystinosisETDF60,320,730,830,12330,20000,85000,150000,95310,122530Genetic lysosomal storage disorder with abnormal amounts of cystine.
CystinuriaETDF230,850,10530,28210,17500,41900,62500,150000,326070,975310Genetic disorder causing cystine stones in kidneys, bladder, and ureters.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystinuria :
Cystinuria. To have the symptoms of cystinuria, you must inherit the faulty gene from both parents. Your children will also inherit a copy of the faulty gene from you. Cystinuria is caused by too much cystine in the urine. Normally, most cystine dissolves and returns to the bloodstream after entering the kidneys. People with cystinuria have a genetic defect that interferes with this process. As a result, cystine builds up in the urine and forms crystals or stones. These crystals may get stuck in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. About one in every 7000 people have cystinuria. Cystine stones are most common in young adults under age 40. Less than 3% of urinary tract stones are cystine stones.
Symptoms include: Blood in the urine Flank pain or pain in the side or back. Pain is most often on one side; it is rarely felt on both sides. Pain is often severe. It may get worse over days. You may also feel pain in the pelvis, groin, genitals, or between the upper abdomen and back.
The condition is most often diagnosed after an episode of kidney stones. Testing the stones after they are removed shows that they are made of cystine. Unlike calcium-containing stones, cystine stones do not show up well on plain x-rays. Tests that may be done to detect these stones and diagnose the condition include: 24-hour urine collection Abdominal CT scan , MRI, or ultrasound Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) Urinalysis.
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent more stones from forming. A person with severe symptoms may need to go into the hospital. Treatment involves drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, to produce large amounts of urine. You should drink at least 6 to 8 glasses per day. You should drink water at night as well so that you get up at night at least once to pass urine. In some cases, fluids may need to be given through a vein (by IV). Making the urine more alkaline may help dissolve the cystine crystals. This may be done with use of potassium citrate or sodium bicarbonate. Eating less salt can also decrease cystine release and stone formation. You may need pain relievers to control pain in the kidney or bladder area when you pass stones. Smaller stones most often pass through the urine on their own. Larger stones may need extra treatments. Some large stones may need to be removed with surgery: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): Sound waves are passed through the body and are focused on the stones to break them into small, passable fragments. ESWL may not work well for cystine stones because they are very hard as compared with other types of stones. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy or nephrolithotomy : A small tube is placed through the flank directly into the kidney. A telescope is then passed through the tube to fragment the stone under direct vision. Ureteroscopy: This can be used to treat stones that are not too large.
Cystinuria is a chronic , lifelong condition. Stones commonly return. However, the condition rarely results in kidney failure. It does not affect other organs.
Complications may include: Bladder injury from stone Kidney injury from stone Kidney infection Chronic kidney disease Ureteral obstruction Urinary tract infection.
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of urinary tract stones.
There are medicines that can be taken so cystine does not form a stone. Ask your provider about these medicines and their side effects. Any person with a known history of stones in the urinary tract should drink plenty of fluids to regularly produce a high amount of urine. This allows stones and crystals to leave the body before they become large enough to cause symptoms. Decreasing your intake of salt or sodium will help as well.
Stones - cystine; Cystine stones.
Kidney stones and lithotripsy - discharge Kidney stones - self-care Kidney stones - what to ask your doctor Percutaneous urinary procedures - discharge.
Female urinary tract Female urinary tract Male urinary tract Male urinary tract Cystinuria Cystinuria Nephrolithiasis Nephrolithiasis.
Elder JS. Urinary lithiasis.
CystitisXTRA9.39,9.4,20,465,498,530,630,660,690,727.5,787,802,880,1550,2045Urinary tract infection (UTI).
Bladder

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystitis :
Cystitis(*) - most common: Escherichia coli, others includeKlebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., Providencia sp., Morganella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (the previous organisms are G- rods), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, (G+ cocci), and Candida albicans (yeast)

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystitis :
Cystitis - acute. Cystitis is caused by germs, most often bacteria. These germs enter the urethra and then the bladder and can cause an infection. The infection commonly develops in the bladder. It can also spread to the kidneys. Most of the time, your body can get rid of these bacteria when you urinate. But, the bacteria can stick to the wall of the urethra or bladder, or grow so fast that some stay in the bladder. Women tend to get infections more often than men. This happens because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus. Women are more likely to get an infection after sexual intercourse. Using a diaphragm for birth control can also be a cause. Menopause also increases the risk for a urinary tract infection. The following also increase your chances of having cystitis: A tube called a urinary catheter inserted in your bladder Blockage of the bladder or urethra Diabetes Enlarged prostate, narrowed urethra, or anything that blocks the flow of urine Loss of bowel control ( bowel incontinence ) Older age (most often in people who live in nursing homes) Pregnancy Problems fully emptying your bladder (urinary retention) Procedures that involve the urinary tract Staying still (immobile) for a long period of time (for example, when you are recovering from a hip fracture ) Most cases are caused by Escherichia coli ( E coli ). It is a type of bacteria found in the intestines.
The symptoms of a bladder infection include: Cloudy or bloody urine Strong or foul smelling urine Low fever (not everyone will have a fever) Pain or burning with urination Pressure or cramping in the lower middle abdomen or back Strong need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been emptied Often in an older person, mental changes or confusion are the only signs of a possible infection.
In most cases, a urine sample is collected to do the following tests: Urinalysis. This test is done to look for white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, and to check for certain chemicals, such as nitrites in the urine. Most of the time, your health care provider can diagnose an infection using a urinalysis. Urine culture. A clean catch urine sample may be needed. This test is done to identify the bacteria in the urine and decide on the correct antibiotic.
Antibiotics can be taken by mouth. These are most often given to stop the infection from spreading to the kidneys. For a simple bladder infection, you will take antibiotics for 3 days (women) or 7 to 14 days (men). For a bladder infection with complications such as pregnancy or diabetes, or a mild kidney infection, you will most often take antibiotics for 7 to 14 days. It is important that you finish all the antibiotics prescribed. Finish it even if you feel better before the end of your treatment. If you do not finish the antibiotics, you may develop an infection that is harder to treat. Let your provider know if you are pregnant. Your provider may prescribe medicines to ease discomfort. Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) is the most common of this type of drug. You will still need to take antibiotics. Everyone with a bladder infection should drink plenty of water. Some women have repeat bladder infections. Your provider may suggest treatments such as: Taking a single dose of an antibiotic after sexual contact. These may prevent sexually transmitted infections. Keeping a 3-day course of antibiotics. These will be given based on your symptoms. Taking a single, daily dose of an antibiotic. This dose will prevent infections. Over-the-counter products that increase acid in the urine, such as ascorbic acid or cranberry juice, may be recommended. These medicines lower the concentration of bacteria in the urine. Follow-up may include urine cultures. These tests will make sure the bacterial infection is gone. Lifestyle changes may help prevent some urinary tract infections.
Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable, but go away without complications after treatment.
Call your provider if you: Have symptoms of cystitis Have already been diagnosed and symptoms get worse Develop new symptoms such as fever, back pain, stomach pain, or vomiting.
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection; UTI - acute cystitis; Acute bladder infection; Acute bacterial cystitis.
Female urinary tract Female urinary tract Male urinary tract Male urinary tract.
Nicolle LE, Norrby SR. Approach to the patient with urinary tract infection.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystitis :
Cystitis - noninfectious. The exact cause of noninfectious cystitis is often not known. It is more common in women as compared to men. The problem has been linked to: Use of baths and feminine hygiene sprays Use of spermicide jellies, gels, foams, and sponges Radiation therapy to the pelvis area Certain types of chemotherapy drugs History of severe or repeated bladder infections Certain foods, such as spicy or acidic foods, tomatoes, artificial sweeteners, caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol, can cause bladder symptoms.
Common symptoms include: Pressure or pain in the lower pelvis Painful urination Frequent need to urinate Urgent need to urinate Problems holding urine Need to urinate at night Abnormal urine color , cloudy urine Blood in the urine Foul or strong urine odor Other symptoms may include: Pain during sexual intercourse Penile or vaginal pain Fatigue.
A urinalysis may reveal red blood cells (RBCs) and some white blood cells (WBCs). Urine may be examined under a microscope to look for cancerous cells. A urine culture (clean catch) is done to look for a bacterial infection. A cystoscopy (use of lighted instrument to look inside the bladder) may be done if you have: Symptoms related to radiation therapy or chemotherapy Symptoms that do not get better with treatment Blood in the urine.
The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms. This may include: Medicines to help your bladder relax. They can reduce the strong urge to urinate or need to urinate frequently. These are called anticholinergic drugs. Possible side effects include increased heart rate , low blood pressure, dry mouth, and constipation. A medicine called phenazopyridine (pyridium) to help relieve pain and burning with urination. Medicines to help reduce pain. Surgery is rarely done. It may be performed if a person has symptoms that do not go away with other treatments, trouble passing urine, or blood in the urine. Other things that may help include: Avoiding foods and fluids that irritate the bladder. These include spicy and acidic foods as well as alcohol, citrus juices, and caffeine, and foods that contain them. Performing bladder training exercises to help you schedule times to try to urinate and to delay urination at all other times. One method is to force yourself to delay urinating despite the urge to urinate in between these times. As you become better at waiting this long, slowly increase the time intervals by 15 minutes. Try to reach a goal of urinating every 3 to 4 hours. Avoid pelvic muscle strengthening exercises called Kegel exercises.
Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable, but the symptoms most often get better over time. Symptoms can improve if you are able to identify and avoid food triggers.
Complications may include: Ulceration of bladder wall Painful sex Sleep loss Depression.
Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of cystitis You have been diagnosed with cystitis and your symptoms get worse, or you have new symptoms, especially fever , blood in the urine, back or flank pain , and vomiting.
Avoid products that may irritate the bladder such as: Bubble baths Feminine hygiene sprays Tampons (especially scented products) Spermicidal jellies If you need to use such products, try to find those that do not cause irritation for you.
Abacterial cystitis; Radiation cystitis; Chemical cystitis; Urethral syndrome - acute; Bladder pain syndrome; Painful bladder disease complex; Dysuria - noninfectious cystitis; Frequent urination - noninfectious cystitis; Painful urination - noninfectious; Interstitial cystitis.
American Urological Association website. Diagnosis and treatment interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. www.auanet.org/guidelines/interstitial-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2011-amended-2014). Accessed April 6, 2018. Carter C. Urinary tract disorders.

Encyclopedia Entry for Cystitis :
Cystitis. Can be caused by Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas or other bacteria and can be exacerbated by Candida.
Information from Marcello Allegretti.
Cystitis BladderXTRA20,465,727,787,800,880,1550,5000Urinary tract infection (UTI).
Cystitis ChronicBIO246Long-term inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters. Also use for chronic endometriosis, and Tonsillar Pfropfe.
Cystitis ChronicCAFL246,1550,880,802,787,727,465,20Long-term inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters.
Bladder
Cystitis InterstitialETDF40,460,800,2250,113950,232500,335690,587500,821000,975310Also called Bladder Pain Syndrome.
Bladder
Cysto Pyelo NephritisVEGA1385Inflammation of bladder, pelvis of kidney, and kidney. Also see Pyelonephritis.
Cystoisospora belliXTRA886From Dr. Richard Loyd. Cystoisospora belli, previously known as Isospora belli, is a parasite that causes an intestinal disease known as cystoisosporiasis. This protozoan parasite is opportunistic in immune suppressed human hosts. It primarily exists in the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and develops in the cell cytoplasm.
CystsETDF170,180,930,9500,157500,281020,342500,571080,725000,825310Closed sac with abnormal walls containing air, fluids, or semi-solids.
CytochalasinXTRA190.86,225.56,3833.59,4530.61Cell-permeable mycotoxin. Used in cloning.
Cytochalasin B_1HC77000Cell-permeable mycotoxin. Used in cloning.
Cytochalasin B_2HC91000Cell-permeable mycotoxin. Used in cloning.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) AntigenHC403350-410750Causes immune system to produce CMV antibodies. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytomegalovirus CMV 1XTRA249,418,647,799877.8777,799877.87,799877.88,799877.4-799878.4,677787.7878,677787.78,677787.79,677787.3-677788.3,77665.5666,77665.56,77665.57,77665-77666Herpes Type 5. Dowsed by Newport. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytomegalovirus CMV 1XTRA126,597,629,682,1013,1045,2145,8848,8856,11856,11881,12144,12146.5,12146.75,12191.25,12537,20362.9,20757Herpes Type 5. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytomegalovirus CMV 2XTRA68,70,120,126,249,418,597,629,647,682,850,999.79,1045,2144,2145,2146,6380-6418,6689-6754,8848,8856,9500,11856,11881,12144,12146.5,12146.75,12191.25,12537,12604.69,20757,88000,141200,297500,409000,425950,675310,827000,20330-20451,1012-1019,3190-3209Herpes Type 5. Duty Cycle=72. Dr. H Clark's frequencies included. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytomegalovirus CMV AntigenXTRA999.79,1013.8,1018.14,12604.69,12781.25,12835.94Causes immune system to produce CMV antibodies. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytomegalovirus InfectionsETDF70,120,850,9500,88000,141200,297500,425950,675310,827000Herpes Type 5. Also see CMV, Salivary Gland Virus, HHV5, and Herpes Type 5 programs.
Cytophaga RubraHC428100-432200Bacteria that breaks down cellulose.
Cytophaga Rubra 1XTRA1061.15,1065,85,1071.31,13378.12,134.5,13506.25Bacteria that breaks down cellulose.
Cytophaga Rubra 2XTRA1065.85,21408.43Bacteria that breaks down cellulose.

ALT consists of programs based on Ayurvedic knowledge and practice, solfeggios, and planetary frequencies.

BFB a collection of biofeedback scan results.

BIO is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.

CAFL is the Consolidated Annotated Frequency List, amassed over years from the experience of Rife experimenters.

CUST consists of programs added by Spooky team members, plus those in your own personal database.

ETDFL is a collection of programs researched in bio resonance clinics in Germany.

HC is Dr. Hulda Clark’s database. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.

KHZ is a collection of higher frequencies from Dr. Hulda Clark. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.

PROV has produced consistent results in virtually all subjects it was used with.

RIFE is a collection of Dr. Royal Raymond Rife’s original frequencies.

VEGA is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.

XTRA is a collection of programs from various sources, all chosen for their reputation for effectiveness.