| Name | Type | Frequencies | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Cramps | XTRA | 72,95,190,304 | Also see Gastroenteritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome programs. Can also be caused by Appendicitis or Diverticulitis. Stomach |
| Abdominal Inflammation | CAFL | 2720,2489,2170,1865,1800,1600,1550,880,832,802,787,776,727,660,465,450,444,440,428,380,146,125,95,72,20,1.2 | Also see Gastroenteritis programs. Stomach |
| Abdominal Pain | CAFL | 10000,3000,95,3,3040,522,440,160,124,26 | Commonly caused by Gastroenteritis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, urinary tract problems, and stomach inflammation. Stomach Encyclopedia Entry for Abdominal Pain : Abdominal pain - children under age 12. When your child complains of abdominal pain, see if they can describe it to you. Here are different kinds of pain: Generalized pain or pain over more than half of the belly. Your child can have this kind of pain when they have a stomach virus, indigestion, gas, or when they become constipated. Cramp-like pain is likely to be due to gas and bloating. It is often followed by diarrhea. It is usually not serious. Colicky pain is pain that comes in waves, usually starts and ends suddenly, and is often severe. Localized pain is pain in only one area of the belly. Your child may be having problems with their appendix, gallbladder, a hernia (twisted bowel), ovary, testicles, or stomach (ulcers). If you have an infant or toddler, your child depends on you seeing that they are in pain. Suspect abdominal pain if your child is: More fussy than usual Drawing their legs up toward the belly Eating poorly. Your child could have abdominal pain for many reasons. It can be hard to know what is going on when your child has abdominal pain. Most of the time, there is nothing seriously wrong. But sometimes, it can be a sign that there is something serious and your child needs medical care. Your child most likely is having abdominal pain from something that is not life threatening. For example, your child may have: Constipation Gas Food allergy or intolerance Heartburn or acid reflux Ingesting grass or plants Stomach flu or food poisoning Strep throat or mononucleosis ('mono') Colic Air swallowing Abdominal migraine Pain caused by anxiety or depression Your child may have something more serious if the pain does not get better in 24 hours, gets worse or gets more frequent. Abdominal pain can be a sign of: Accidental poisoning Appendicitis Gallstones Stomach ulcer Hernia or other bowel twisting, blockage or obstruction Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis) Intussusception, caused by part of the intestine being pulled inward into itself Sickle cell disease crisis Stomach ulcer Swallowed foreign body, especially coins or other solid objects Torsion (twisting) of the testicle Torsion (twisting) of the ovary Tumor or cancer Urinary tract infection. Most of the time, you can use home care remedies and wait for your child to get better. If you are worried or your child's pain is getting worse, or the pain lasts longer than 24 hours, call your health care provider. Have your child lie quietly to see if the abdominal pain goes away. Offer sips of water or other clear fluids. Suggest that your child try to pass stool. Avoid solid foods for a few hours. Then try small amounts of mild foods such as rice, applesauce, or crackers. Do not give your child foods or drinks that are irritating to the stomach. Avoid: Caffeine Carbonated beverages Citrus Dairy products Fried or greasy foods High-fat foods Tomato products Do not give aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen (Tylenol), or similar medicines without first asking your child's provider. To prevent many types of abdominal pain: Avoid fatty or greasy foods. Drink plenty of water each day. Eat small meals more often. Exercise regularly. Limit foods that produce gas. Make sure that meals are well-balanced and high in fiber. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. To reduce the risk of accidental poisoning and ingestion of foreign bodies: Keep all cleaning supplies and hazardous materials in their original containers. Store these dangerous items where infants and children cannot reach them. Do not allow infants and young children to play with objects they can easily swallow. Call your provider if the abdominal pain does not go away in 24 hours. Seek medical help right away or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if your child: Is a baby younger than 3 months and has diarrhea or vomiting Is currently being treated for cancer Is unable to pass stool, especially if the child is also vomiting Is vomiting blood or has blood in the stool (especially if the blood is maroon or a dark, tarry black color) Has sudden, sharp abdominal pain Has a rigid, hard belly Has had a recent injury to the abdomen Is having trouble breathing Call your provider if your child has: Abdominal pain that lasts 1 week or longer, even if it comes and goes. Abdominal pain that does not improve in 24 hours. Call if it is getting more severe and frequent, or if your child is nauseous and vomiting with it. A burning sensation during urination. Diarrhea for more than 2 days. Vomiting for more than 12 hours. Fever over 100.4 F (38 C). Poor appetite for more than 2 days. Unexplained weight loss. Talk to the provider about the location of the pain and its time pattern. Let the provider know if there are other symptoms like fever, fatigue, general ill feeling, change in behavior, nausea, vomiting, or changes in stool. Your provider may ask the questions about the abdominal pain: What part of the stomach hurts? All over? Lower or upper? Right, left, or middle? Around the navel? Is the pain sharp or cramping, constant or comes and goes, or changes in intensity over minutes? Does the pain wake your child up at night? Has your child had similar pain in the past? How long has each episode lasted? How often has it occurred? Is the pain getting more severe? Does the pain get worse after eating or drinking? After eating greasy foods, milk products, or carbonated drinks? Has your child started eating something new? Does the pain get better after eating or having a bowel movement? Does the pain get worse after stress? Has there been a recent injury? What other symptoms are occurring at the same time? During the physical examination, the provider will test to see if the pain is in a single area (point tenderness) or whether it is spread out. They may do some tests to check on the cause of the pain. The tests may include: Blood, urine, and stool tests CT (computerized tomography, or advanced imaging) scan Ultrasound of the abdomen X-rays of the abdomen. Stomach pain in children; Pain - abdomen - children; Abdominal cramps in children; Belly ache in children. Gala PK, Posner JC. Abdominal pain. Encyclopedia Entry for Abdominal Pain : Abdominal pain. Almost everyone has pain in the abdomen at some point. Most of the time, it is not serious. Abdominal organs How bad your pain is does not always reflect the seriousness of the condition causing the pain. For example, you might have very bad abdominal pain if you have gas or stomach cramps due to viral gastroenteritis. However, fatal conditions, such as colon cancer or early appendicitis , may only cause mild pain or no pain. Other ways to describe pain in your abdomen include: Generalized pain -- This means that you feel it in more than half of your belly. This type of pain is more typical for a stomach virus, indigestion, or gas. If the pain becomes more severe, it may be caused by a blockage of the intestines. Localized pain -- This is pain found in only one area of your belly. It is more likely to be a sign of a problem in an organ, such as the appendix, gallbladder, or stomach. Cramp-like pain -- This type of pain is not serious most of the time. It is likely to be due to gas and bloating, and is often followed by diarrhea. More worrisome signs include pain that occurs more often, lasts more than 24 hours, or occurs with a fever. Colicky pain -- This type of pain comes in waves. It very often starts and ends suddenly, and is often severe. Kidney stones and gallstones are common causes of this type of belly pain. Many different conditions can cause abdominal pain. The key is to know when you need to get medical care right away. Sometimes, you may only need to call a health care provider if your symptoms continue. Less serious causes of abdominal pain include: Constipation Irritable bowel syndrome Food allergies or intolerance (such as lactose intolerance ) Food poisoning Stomach flu Other possible causes include: Appendicitis Abdominal aortic aneurysm (bulging and weakening of the major artery in the body) Bowel blockage or obstruction Cancer of the stomach, colon (large bowel), and other organs Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) with or without gallstones Decreased blood supply to the intestines ( ischemic bowel ) Diverticulitis (inflammation and infection of the colon) Heartburn , indigestion , or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis ) Kidney stones Pancreatitis (swelling or infection of the pancreas) Ulcers Appendicitis Sometimes, abdominal pain may occur due to a problem somewhere else in your body, such as your chest or pelvic area. For example, you may have abdominal pain if you have: Severe menstrual cramps Endometriosis Muscle strain Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Tubal (ectopic) pregnancy Ruptured ovarian cyst Urinary tract infections. You can try the following home care steps to ease mild abdominal pain: Sip water or other clear fluids. You may have sports drinks in small amounts. People with diabetes must check their blood sugar often and adjust their medicines as needed. Avoid solid food for the first few hours. If you have been vomiting, wait 6 hours, and then eat small amounts of mild foods such as rice, applesauce, or crackers. Avoid dairy products. If the pain is high up in your abdomen and occurs after meals, antacids may help, especially if you feel heartburn or indigestion. Avoid citrus, high-fat foods, fried or greasy foods, tomato products, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated beverages. DO NOT take any medicine without talking to your provider. These additional steps may help prevent some types of abdominal pain: Drink plenty of water each day. Eat small meals more frequently. Exercise regularly. Limit foods that produce gas. Make sure that your meals are well-balanced and high in fiber. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Get medical help right away or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you: Are currently being treated for cancer Are unable to pass stool, especially if you are also vomiting Are vomiting blood or have blood in your stool (especially if bright red, maroon or dark, tarry black) Have chest, neck, or shoulder pain Have sudden, sharp abdominal pain Have pain in, or between, your shoulder blades with nausea Have tenderness in your belly, or your belly is rigid and hard to the touch Are pregnant or could be pregnant Had a recent injury to your abdomen Have difficulty breathing Call your provider if you have: Abdominal discomfort that lasts 1 week or longer Abdominal pain that does not improve in 24 to 48 hours, or becomes more severe and frequent and occurs with nausea and vomiting Bloating that persists for more than 2 days Burning sensation when you urinate or frequent urination Diarrhea for more than 5 days Fever, over 100 F (37.7 C) for adults or 100.4 F (38 C) for children, with pain Prolonged poor appetite Prolonged vaginal bleeding Unexplained weight loss. Your provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. Your specific symptoms, the location of pain and when it occurs will help your provider detect the cause. LOCATION OF YOUR PAIN Where do you feel the pain? Is it all over or in one spot? Does the pain move into your back, groin, or down your legs? TYPE AND INTENSITY OF YOUR PAIN Is the pain severe, sharp, or cramping? Do you have it all the time, or does it come and go? Does the pain wake you up at night? HISTORY OF YOUR PAIN Have you had similar pain in the past? How long has each episode lasted? When does the pain occur? For example, after meals or during menstruation? What makes the pain worse? For example, eating, stress, or lying down? What makes the pain better? For example, drinking milk, having a bowel movement, or taking an antacid? What medications are you taking? OTHER MEDICAL HISTORY Have you had a recent injury? Are you pregnant? What other symptoms do you have? Tests that may be done include: Barium enema Blood, urine, and stool tests CT scan Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (tube through the rectum into the colon) EKG (electrocardiogram) or heart tracing Ultrasound of the abdomen Upper endoscopy (tube through the mouth into the esophagus, stomach and upper small intestine) Upper GI (gastrointestinal) and small bowel series X-rays of the abdomen. Stomach pain; Pain - abdomen; Belly ache; Abdominal cramps; Bellyache; Stomachache. Gallstones - discharge. Anatomical landmarks, front view Anatomical landmarks, front view Abdominal organs Abdominal organs Abdominal quadrants Abdominal quadrants Appendicitis Appendicitis Kidney function Kidney function. MacGilchrist A, Iredale J, Parks R. The gastrointestinal system. |
| Abscess Nocardia Asteroides | XTRA | 228,231,237,694,710,887,2890,11092.19,11096.87,17679.38 | Bacterium producing pulmonary infections. Also see Streptothrix. Respiratory |
| Abscesses | CAFL | 2720,2170,880,787,727,500,200,190 | Build-up of pus caused by bacterial infection. Many types may be involved. Use Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and see Listeriose. Skin |
| Abscesses 2 | XTRA | 2720,2170,1865,1550,880,802,787,727,500,444,190 | Build-up of pus caused by bacterial infection. Many types may be involved. Use Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and see Listeriose. Skin |
| Abscesses 3 | XTRA | 2720,2170,1865,1550,880,802,787,760,727,690,660,500,465,450,444,428,190 | Build-up of pus caused by bacterial infection. Many types may be involved. Use Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and see Listeriose. Skin |
| Abscesses Secondary | CAFL | 1550,802,760,660,465,450,444,428 | Build-up of pus caused by bacterial infection. Many types may be involved. Use Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and see Listeriose. Skin |
| Absentmindedness | CAFL | 5.8 | Other uses: Dizziness, Fear. Mind |
| Accelerate Injury Healing | XTRA | 47 | Advance healing of wounds, scars, bruises, trauma, fractures, surgery. Other use: Lipoma. |
| Accelerate Learning | XTRA | 6.3 | Other use: memory retention/improvement. Mind |
| Accelerate Scar Healing | XTRA | 5.9 | Advance healing of scars. |
| Acidosis | CAFL | 10000,880,802,787,776,727,146,20 | Increased acidity in blood and tissue. See Heartburn, Hernia, and Hyperacidity programs. Blood Tissue Encyclopedia Entry for Acidosis : Acidosis. The kidneys and lungs maintain the balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body. Acidosis occurs when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost. Acidosis is classified as either respiratory or metabolic acidosis. Respiratory acidosis develops when there is too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body. This type of acidosis is usually caused when the body is unable to remove enough carbon dioxide through breathing. Other names for respiratory acidosis are hypercapnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis. Causes of respiratory acidosis include: Chest deformities, such as kyphosis Chest injuries Chest muscle weakness Long-term (chronic) lung disease Neuromuscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy Overuse of sedative drugs Metabolic acidosis develops when too much acid is produced in the body. It can also occur when the kidneys cannot remove enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis: Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances called ketone bodies (which are acidic) build up during uncontrolled diabetes. Hyperchloremic acidosis is caused by the loss of too much sodium bicarbonate from the body, which can happen with severe diarrhea. Kidney disease ( distal renal tubular acidosis and proximal renal tubular acidosis ). Poisoning by aspirin, ethylene glycol (found in antifreeze), or methanol. Severe dehydration. Lactic acidosis is a buildup of lactic acid. Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low. This can be caused by: Cancer Drinking too much alcohol Exercising vigorously for a very long time Liver failure Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Medications, such as salicylates, metformin, anti-retrovirals MELAS (a very rare genetic mitochondrial disorder that affects energy production) Prolonged lack of oxygen from shock, heart failure, or severe anemia Seizures Sepsis -- severe illness due to infection with bacteria or other germs Carbon monoxide poisoning Severe asthma. Metabolic acidosis symptoms depend on the underlying disease or condition. Metabolic acidosis itself causes rapid breathing. Confusion or lethargy may also occur. Severe metabolic acidosis can lead to shock or death. Respiratory acidosis symptoms can include: Confusion Fatigue Lethargy Shortness of breath Sleepiness. The health care provider will perform a physical examination and ask about your symptoms. Laboratory tests that may be ordered include: Arterial blood gas analysis Electrolytes test, such as a basic metabolic panel , to confirm acidosis and show whether it is metabolic or respiratory acidosis Other tests that may be needed to determine the cause of the acidosis include: Chest x-ray CT abdomen. Treatment depends on the cause. Your provider will tell you more. Acidosis can be dangerous if untreated. Many cases respond well to treatment. Complications depend on the specific type of acidosis. All the types of acidosis will cause symptoms that require treatment by your provider. Prevention depends on the cause of the acidosis. Many causes of metabolic acidosis can be prevented, including diabetic ketoacidosis and some causes of lactic acidosis. Normally, people with healthy kidneys and lungs do not have serious acidosis. Kidneys Kidneys. Effros RM, Swenson ER. Acid-base balance. |
| Acne | ETDF | 50,370,830,2500,3000,73300,383750,387000,389000,393000 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne - Cutibacterium (Proprionibacterium) acnes Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne - self-care. To keep your pores from clogging and your skin from becoming too oily: Clean your skin gently with a mild, non-drying soap, such as Dove, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, or CeraVe. It may help to use a wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl if your skin is oily and prone to acne. Remove all dirt or make up. Wash once or twice a day, and also after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated skin washing. Shampoo your hair daily, if it is oily. Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face. Avoid using rubbing alcohol or toners that are very drying to the skin. Avoid oil-based cosmetics. Acne medicines can cause skin drying or peeling. Use a moisturizer or skin cream that is water-based or 'noncomedogenic' or that clearly states that is safe to use on the face and will not cause acne. Remember that products that say they are noncomedogenic might still cause acne in you personally. Therefore, avoid any product that you find makes your acne worse. A small amount of sun exposure may improve acne slightly. But, tanning mostly just hides it. Too much exposure to sun or in tanning booths increases the risk for skin cancer. Some acne medicines can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen and hats regularly if you are taking these medicines. There is no consistent evidence that you need to avoid chocolate, milk, high-fat foods, or sweetened foods. However, it is a good idea to avoid any of foods if you find eating those specific foods seems to make your acne worse. To further prevent acne: DO NOT aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub pimples. This can lead to skin infections as well as scarring and delayed healing. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. DO NOT leave make up on overnight. If daily skin care does not clear up blemishes, try over-the-counter acne medicines that you apply to your skin. These products may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, adapalene, resorcinol, or salicylic acid. They work by killing bacteria, drying up skin oils, or causing the top layer of your skin to peel. They may cause redness or peeling of the skin. If these acne medicines cause your skin to become irritated: Try using smaller amounts. A drop the size of a pea will cover the entire face. Use the medicines only every other or third day until your skin gets used to them. Wait 10 to 15 minutes after washing your face before applying these medicines. If pimples are still a problem after you've tried over-the-counter medicines, your health care provider may suggest: Antibiotics in the form of pills or creams that you put on your skin Prescription gels or creams containing a retinoid to help clear up the pimples Hormone pills for women whose acne is made worse by hormonal changes Isotretinoin pills for severe acne A laser procedure called photodynamic therapy Chemical skin peeling. Call your provider or a dermatologist if: Self-care steps and over-the-counter medicine do not help after several months. Your acne is very bad (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples, or you have cysts). Your acne is getting worse. You develop scars as your acne clears up. Acne is causing emotional stress. Acne vulgaris - self-care; Cystic acne - self-care; Pimples - self-care; Zits - self-care. Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne. Acne occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin become clogged. These holes are called pores. Each pore opens to a follicle. A follicle contains a hair and an oil gland. The oil released by the gland helps remove old skin cells and keeps your skin soft. The glands can become blocked with a mixture or oil and skin cells, the blockage is called a plug or comedone. If the top of the plug is white, it is called a whitehead. It is called a blackhead if the top of the plug is dark. If bacteria become trapped in the plug, the body's immune system may react to it, causing pimples. Acne that is deep in your skin can cause hard, painful cysts. This is called nodulocystic acne. Acne, cystic on the chest Acne is most common in teenagers, but anyone can get acne, even babies. The problem tends to run in families. Some things that may trigger acne include: Hormonal changes that make the skin oilier. These may be related to puberty, menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress. Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products. Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone , estrogen, and phenytoin). Birth control devices such as some drug containing IUDs that can make acne worse. Heavy sweating and humidity. Research does not show that chocolate, nuts, and greasy foods cause acne. However, diets high in refined sugars or dairy products may be related to acne in some people, but this connection is controversial. Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders. It may also occur on the trunk, arms, legs, and buttocks. Skin changes include: Crusting of skin bumps Cysts Papules (small red bumps) Pustules (small red bumps containing white or yellow pus) Redness around the skin eruptions Scarring of the skin Whiteheads Blackheads Blackheads (comedones). Your health care provider can diagnose acne by looking at your skin. Testing is not needed in most cases. Bacterial culture may be performed with certain patterns of acne or to rule out infection if large pus bumps persist. SELF-CARE Steps you can take to help your acne : Clean your skin gently with a mild, nondrying soap (such as Dove, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, CeraVe, or Basics). Look for water-based or 'noncomedogenic' formulas for cosmetics and skin creams. (Noncomedogenic products have been tested and proven not to clog pores and cause acne in most people.) Remove all dirt or make-up. Wash once or twice a day, including after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated skin washing. Shampoo your hair daily, especially if it is oily. Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face. What NOT to do: Try not to aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub the pimples. This can lead to skin infections, slower healing, and scarring. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face with your hands or fingers. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. DO NOT leave make-up on overnight. If these steps do not clear up the blemishes, try over-the-counter acne medicines that you apply to your skin. Follow the directions carefully and apply these products sparingly. These products may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, adapalene, or salicylic acid. They work by killing bacteria, drying up skin oils, or causing the top layer of your skin to peel. They may cause redness, drying, or excessive peeling of the skin. Be aware that benzoyl peroxide containing preparations can bleach or discolor towels and clothing. A small amount of sun exposure may improve acne slightly, but tanning mostly hides the acne. Too much exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet rays is not recommended because it increases the risk for skin cancer. MEDICINES FROM YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER If pimples are still a problem, a provider can prescribe stronger medicines and discuss other options with you. Antibiotics may help some people with acne: Oral antibiotics (taken by mouth) such as tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and amoxicillin Topical antibiotics (applied to the skin) such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or dapsone Creams or gels applied to the skin may be prescribed: Derivatives of vitamin A such as retinoic acid cream or gel (tretinoin, Retin-A) Prescription formulas of benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, or salicylic acid Topical azelaic acid For women whose acne is caused or made worse by hormones: A pill called spironolactone may help. Birth control pills may help in some cases, though they may make acne worse in some women. Minor procedures or treatments may also be helpful: Photodynamic therapy may be used. This is a treatment where a chemical that is activated by blue light is applied to the skin, followed by exposure to the light. Your provider may also suggest chemical skin peeling; removal of scars by dermabrasion ; or removal, drainage, or injection of cysts with cortisone. People who have cystic acne and scarring may try a medicine called isotretinoin (Accutane). You will be watched closely when taking this medicine because of its side effects. Pregnant women should NOT take Accutane, because it causes severe birth defects. Women taking Accutane must use 2 forms of birth control before starting the drug and enroll in the iPledge program. Men also need to be enrolled in the iPledge program. Your provider will follow you on this drug and you will have regular blood tests. Most of the time, acne goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 to 8 weeks, but may flare up from time to time. Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people become very depressed if acne is not treated. Call your provider if: Self-care steps and over-the-counter medicine do not help after several months. Your acne is very bad (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples, or you have cysts). Your acne is getting worse. You develop scars as your acne clears up. Acne is causing emotional stress. Adult facial acne If your baby has acne, call the baby's provider if acne does not clear up on its own within 3 months. Acne vulgaris; Cystic acne; Pimples; Zits. Baby acne Baby acne Acne - close-up of pustular lesions Acne - close-up of pustular lesions Blackheads (comedones) Blackheads (comedones) Acne, cystic on the chest Acne, cystic on the chest Acne, cystic on the face Acne, cystic on the face Acne, vulgaris on the back Acne, vulgaris on the back Acne on the back Acne on the back Acne Acne. Gehris RP. Dermatology. |
| Acne | XTRA | 727,787,880,5000 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Other uses: insect bites, breast inflammation/sore nipples, heart disorders, breathing, coryza, earache, cataract, lacrimal problems, fatigue, prostate, neck crick, clean blood plasma, lymphatic depressant, digestion, dullness, anal itching, toes/feet blue. Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne - Cutibacterium (Proprionibacterium) acnes Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne - self-care. To keep your pores from clogging and your skin from becoming too oily: Clean your skin gently with a mild, non-drying soap, such as Dove, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, or CeraVe. It may help to use a wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl if your skin is oily and prone to acne. Remove all dirt or make up. Wash once or twice a day, and also after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated skin washing. Shampoo your hair daily, if it is oily. Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face. Avoid using rubbing alcohol or toners that are very drying to the skin. Avoid oil-based cosmetics. Acne medicines can cause skin drying or peeling. Use a moisturizer or skin cream that is water-based or 'noncomedogenic' or that clearly states that is safe to use on the face and will not cause acne. Remember that products that say they are noncomedogenic might still cause acne in you personally. Therefore, avoid any product that you find makes your acne worse. A small amount of sun exposure may improve acne slightly. But, tanning mostly just hides it. Too much exposure to sun or in tanning booths increases the risk for skin cancer. Some acne medicines can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen and hats regularly if you are taking these medicines. There is no consistent evidence that you need to avoid chocolate, milk, high-fat foods, or sweetened foods. However, it is a good idea to avoid any of foods if you find eating those specific foods seems to make your acne worse. To further prevent acne: DO NOT aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub pimples. This can lead to skin infections as well as scarring and delayed healing. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. DO NOT leave make up on overnight. If daily skin care does not clear up blemishes, try over-the-counter acne medicines that you apply to your skin. These products may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, adapalene, resorcinol, or salicylic acid. They work by killing bacteria, drying up skin oils, or causing the top layer of your skin to peel. They may cause redness or peeling of the skin. If these acne medicines cause your skin to become irritated: Try using smaller amounts. A drop the size of a pea will cover the entire face. Use the medicines only every other or third day until your skin gets used to them. Wait 10 to 15 minutes after washing your face before applying these medicines. If pimples are still a problem after you've tried over-the-counter medicines, your health care provider may suggest: Antibiotics in the form of pills or creams that you put on your skin Prescription gels or creams containing a retinoid to help clear up the pimples Hormone pills for women whose acne is made worse by hormonal changes Isotretinoin pills for severe acne A laser procedure called photodynamic therapy Chemical skin peeling. Call your provider or a dermatologist if: Self-care steps and over-the-counter medicine do not help after several months. Your acne is very bad (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples, or you have cysts). Your acne is getting worse. You develop scars as your acne clears up. Acne is causing emotional stress. Acne vulgaris - self-care; Cystic acne - self-care; Pimples - self-care; Zits - self-care. Encyclopedia Entry for Acne : Acne. Acne occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin become clogged. These holes are called pores. Each pore opens to a follicle. A follicle contains a hair and an oil gland. The oil released by the gland helps remove old skin cells and keeps your skin soft. The glands can become blocked with a mixture or oil and skin cells, the blockage is called a plug or comedone. If the top of the plug is white, it is called a whitehead. It is called a blackhead if the top of the plug is dark. If bacteria become trapped in the plug, the body's immune system may react to it, causing pimples. Acne that is deep in your skin can cause hard, painful cysts. This is called nodulocystic acne. Acne, cystic on the chest Acne is most common in teenagers, but anyone can get acne, even babies. The problem tends to run in families. Some things that may trigger acne include: Hormonal changes that make the skin oilier. These may be related to puberty, menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress. Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products. Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone , estrogen, and phenytoin). Birth control devices such as some drug containing IUDs that can make acne worse. Heavy sweating and humidity. Research does not show that chocolate, nuts, and greasy foods cause acne. However, diets high in refined sugars or dairy products may be related to acne in some people, but this connection is controversial. Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders. It may also occur on the trunk, arms, legs, and buttocks. Skin changes include: Crusting of skin bumps Cysts Papules (small red bumps) Pustules (small red bumps containing white or yellow pus) Redness around the skin eruptions Scarring of the skin Whiteheads Blackheads Blackheads (comedones). Your health care provider can diagnose acne by looking at your skin. Testing is not needed in most cases. Bacterial culture may be performed with certain patterns of acne or to rule out infection if large pus bumps persist. SELF-CARE Steps you can take to help your acne : Clean your skin gently with a mild, nondrying soap (such as Dove, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, CeraVe, or Basics). Look for water-based or 'noncomedogenic' formulas for cosmetics and skin creams. (Noncomedogenic products have been tested and proven not to clog pores and cause acne in most people.) Remove all dirt or make-up. Wash once or twice a day, including after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated skin washing. Shampoo your hair daily, especially if it is oily. Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face. What NOT to do: Try not to aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub the pimples. This can lead to skin infections, slower healing, and scarring. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face with your hands or fingers. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. DO NOT leave make-up on overnight. If these steps do not clear up the blemishes, try over-the-counter acne medicines that you apply to your skin. Follow the directions carefully and apply these products sparingly. These products may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, adapalene, or salicylic acid. They work by killing bacteria, drying up skin oils, or causing the top layer of your skin to peel. They may cause redness, drying, or excessive peeling of the skin. Be aware that benzoyl peroxide containing preparations can bleach or discolor towels and clothing. A small amount of sun exposure may improve acne slightly, but tanning mostly hides the acne. Too much exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet rays is not recommended because it increases the risk for skin cancer. MEDICINES FROM YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER If pimples are still a problem, a provider can prescribe stronger medicines and discuss other options with you. Antibiotics may help some people with acne: Oral antibiotics (taken by mouth) such as tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and amoxicillin Topical antibiotics (applied to the skin) such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or dapsone Creams or gels applied to the skin may be prescribed: Derivatives of vitamin A such as retinoic acid cream or gel (tretinoin, Retin-A) Prescription formulas of benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, or salicylic acid Topical azelaic acid For women whose acne is caused or made worse by hormones: A pill called spironolactone may help. Birth control pills may help in some cases, though they may make acne worse in some women. Minor procedures or treatments may also be helpful: Photodynamic therapy may be used. This is a treatment where a chemical that is activated by blue light is applied to the skin, followed by exposure to the light. Your provider may also suggest chemical skin peeling; removal of scars by dermabrasion ; or removal, drainage, or injection of cysts with cortisone. People who have cystic acne and scarring may try a medicine called isotretinoin (Accutane). You will be watched closely when taking this medicine because of its side effects. Pregnant women should NOT take Accutane, because it causes severe birth defects. Women taking Accutane must use 2 forms of birth control before starting the drug and enroll in the iPledge program. Men also need to be enrolled in the iPledge program. Your provider will follow you on this drug and you will have regular blood tests. Most of the time, acne goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 to 8 weeks, but may flare up from time to time. Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people become very depressed if acne is not treated. Call your provider if: Self-care steps and over-the-counter medicine do not help after several months. Your acne is very bad (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples, or you have cysts). Your acne is getting worse. You develop scars as your acne clears up. Acne is causing emotional stress. Adult facial acne If your baby has acne, call the baby's provider if acne does not clear up on its own within 3 months. Acne vulgaris; Cystic acne; Pimples; Zits. Baby acne Baby acne Acne - close-up of pustular lesions Acne - close-up of pustular lesions Blackheads (comedones) Blackheads (comedones) Acne, cystic on the chest Acne, cystic on the chest Acne, cystic on the face Acne, cystic on the face Acne, vulgaris on the back Acne, vulgaris on the back Acne on the back Acne on the back Acne Acne. Gehris RP. Dermatology. |
| Acne 1 | CAFL | 2720,2170,1800,1600,1550,1552,1500,802,880,787,727,564,778,760,741,660,564,465,450,444,428 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Skin |
| Acne 2 | CAFL | 760,465,444,450,428,660 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Skin |
| Acne Vulgaris | CAFL | 564 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Skin |
| Acne Vulgaris Junior | XTRA | 514,832,185 | Pimples, white/blackheads, greasy skin, possible scars. Also see Propionibacterium Acnes. Skin |
| Aconite | CAFL | 3347,5611,2791 | Used to stimulate lymphocyte production. Immune System |
| Acrocephalosyndactylia | ETDF | 140,1220,2620,12720,125780,158330,351300,532410,613320,709800 | Incorrect fusing of skull and digits. Bone Tissue |
| Acromegaly | ETDF | 80,420,770,7910,31210,122740,255610,371330,742800,955200 | Skull/brow/jaw expansion and soft tissue/organ swelling. Due to excess pituitary growth hormone production. Bone Tissue Encyclopedia Entry for Acromegaly : Acromegaly. Acromegaly is a rare condition. It is caused when the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone. The pituitary gland is a small endocrine gland attached to the bottom of the brain. It controls, makes, and releases several hormones, including growth hormone. Usually a noncancerous (benign) tumor of the pituitary gland releases too much growth hormone. In children, too much GH causes gigantism rather than acromegaly. Symptoms of acromegaly may include any of the following: Body odor Blood in the stool Carpal tunnel syndrome Decreased muscle strength ( weakness ) Decreased peripheral vision Easy fatigue Excessive height (when excess GH production begins in childhood) Excessive sweating Headache Heart enlargement, which can cause fainting Hoarseness Joint pain , limited joint movement, swelling of the bony areas around a joint Large bones of the face, large jaw and tongue, widely spaced teeth Large feet (change in shoe size), large hands (change in ring or glove size) Large glands in the skin (sebaceous glands) causing oily skin, thickening of the skin, skin tags (growths) Sleep apnea Widened fingers or toes, with swelling, redness, and pain Other symptoms that may occur with this disease: Colon polyps Excess hair growth in females ( hirsutism ) High blood pressure Type 2 diabetes Thyroid enlargement Weight gain. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. The following tests may be ordered to confirm diagnosis of acromegaly: Blood glucose Growth hormone and growth hormone suppression test Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Prolactin Spine x-ray MRI of the brain , including the pituitary gland Echocardiogram Other tests may be ordered to check whether the rest of the pituitary gland is working normally. Surgery to remove the pituitary tumor that is causing this condition often corrects the abnormal GH. Sometimes, the tumor is too large to be removed completely and acromegaly is not cured. In this case, medicines and radiation (radiotherapy) may be used to treat acromegaly. Some people with tumors that are too complicated to remove by surgery are treated with medicines instead of surgery. After treatment, you will need to see your provider regularly to make sure that the pituitary gland is working normally and that acromegaly does not come back. Yearly evaluations are recommended. These resources may provide further information on acromegaly: Acromegaly Community -- acromegalycommunity.com Acromegaly.org -- acromegaly.org/en National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/acromegaly. Pituitary surgery is successful in most people, depending on the size of the tumor and the experience of the surgeon. Without treatment, the symptoms will get worse. Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease may result. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of acromegaly Your symptoms do not improve with treatment. Acromegaly cannot be prevented. Early treatment may prevent the disease from getting worse and help avoid complications. Somatotroph adenoma; Growth hormone excess; Pituitary giant (in childhood). Endocrine glands Endocrine glands. Katznelson L, Laws ER Jr, Melmed S, et al. Acromegaly: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(11):3933-3951. PMID: 25356808 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356808. Klein I. Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease. |
| Actinobacillus | CAFL | 488,565,672,674,678,766,768,777,885,887,7877,9687,42664,42666,46668,46787,773,776,778,822 | Pathogenic bacteria found in oral/respiratory tract. May help cause Endocarditis. Respiratory |
| Actinobacillus | VEGA | 773 | Pathogenic bacteria found in oral/respiratory tract. May help cause Endocarditis. Respiratory |
| Actinomyces Bovis | XTRA | 1.10,20,73,160,220,465,660,690,727.5,787,10000 | Bacteria causing Actinomycosis in animals, causing infections and swelling. |
| Actinomyces Israelii | BIO | 222,262,2154 | Bacterium normally found in colon, throat, or vagina causing deep, pus-filled holes in tissue. Also see Streptothrix, Actinomycosis, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomyces Israelii | VEGA | 262,2154 | Bacterium normally found in colon, throat, or vagina causing deep, pus-filled holes in tissue. Also see Streptothrix, Actinomycosis, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomyces Israelii 1 | XTRA | 46.5,727,766,776,787,802,880,1550,1600,1800,2489,2720 | Bacterium normally found in colon, throat, or vagina causing deep, pus-filled holes in tissue. Also see Streptothrix, Actinomycosis, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomyces Israelii 2 | XTRA | 20,23,222,262,465,488,567,727,747,787,2154,7880,10000 | Bacterium normally found in colon, throat, or vagina causing deep, pus-filled holes in tissue. Also see Streptothrix, Actinomycosis, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomycosis | CAFL | 20,465,727,787,880,10000 | Painful oral, lung, or GI tract abscesses. See Actinomyces spp, Streptothrix, and Mycetoma. Mouth Encyclopedia Entry for Actinomycosis : Actinomycosis. Actinomycosis is usually caused by bacteria called Actinomyces israelii. This is a common organism found in the nose and throat. It normally does not cause disease. Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly affects the face and neck. The infection can sometimes occur in the chest ( pulmonary actinomycosis ), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. This means it does not spread to other people. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enter the tissues of the face after trauma, surgery, or infection. Common triggers include dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection can also affect certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, the bacteria cause an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, 'lumpy jaw.' Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. Symptoms may include any of the following: Draining sores in the skin, especially on the chest wall from lung infection with actinomyces Fever Mild or no pain Swelling or a hard, red to reddish-purple lump on the face or upper neck Weight loss. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Tests that may be done to check for presence of the bacteria include: Culture of the tissue or fluid Examination of drained fluid under a microscope CT scan of affected areas. Treatment of actinomycosis usually requires antibiotics for several months to a year. Surgical drainage or removal of the affected area (lesion) may be needed. If the condition is related to an IUD, the device must be removed. Full recovery can be expected with treatment. In rare cases, meningitis can develop from actinomycosis. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of this infection. Starting treatment right away helps quicken the recovery. Good oral hygiene and regular dentist visits may help prevent some forms of actinomycosis. Lumpy jaw. Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw). Brook I. Actinomycosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Actinomycosis : Actinomycosis. Source of disease: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus |
| Actinomycosis (Streptothrix) | RIFE | 192000 | Crane=784, Rife (1936)=7870,687000,186554. Painful oral, lung, or GI tract abscesses. See Actinomyces spp, Streptothrix, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomycosis (Streptothrix) | XTRA | 191803 | RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html |
| Actinomycosis 1 | XTRA | 1.1,20,23,73,160,220,222,262,465,488,567,660,690,727.5,787,2154,7880,10000,12000 | Painful oral, lung, or GI tract abscesses. See Actinomyces spp, Streptothrix, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomycosis 2 | XTRA | 20,157,192,222,228,231,237,262,465,488,567,678,727,747,784,787,887,2154,2890,7870,7880,10000,12000 | Painful oral, lung, or GI tract abscesses. See Actinomyces spp, Streptothrix, and Mycetoma. |
| Actinomycosis Streptothrix MOR | XTRA | 784,1607,7870,11659.62,12000,21093.75,21187.5 | Bacteria - infection form. Painful oral, lung, or GI tract abscesses. See Actinomyces spp, Streptothrix, and Mycetoma. |
| Acupuncture Disturbance Field | CAFL | 5.9,18 | Meridian disruption due to scarring. |
| Acute Pain | CAFL | 3000,95,1550,802,880,787,727,690,666,26,160,333,522,555.1 | Sudden onset of pain. |
| Addiction | XTRA | 4,7,8 | Addiction problems. |
| Addiction Alcoholism 2 | XTRA | 727,880,10000 | Alcohol addiction. |
| Addiction Drugs | XTRA | 5,333,353 | Drug addiction. |
| Addictions Alcohol General | ETDF | 230,290,440,1500,2300,3300,83350,184000,283000,303400 | Alcohol addiction. |
| Addictions Drug General | ETDF | 280,350,470,1880,4340,5200,43420,143040,234040,343450 | Drug addiction. |
| Addison's Disease | ETDF | 190,750,900,7500,27500,222700,425710,563190,642910,978050 | Chronic adrenal insufficiency. See Adrenal programs. |
| Adeno-associated Virus | XTRA | 950.6,958.79,959.6,960.39,967.6,969.29 | Used in 'gene therapy.' Encyclopedia Entry for Adeno-associated Virus : Adeno-associated virus. Dependovirus. Human, vertebrates. Respiratory Encyclopedia Entry for Adeno-associated Virus : Adeno-associated virus. Dependovirus. Human, vertebrates. Respiratory |
| Adenoids | CAFL | 1550,802,880,787,776,727,444,20,428,660,2720,2170,1.57,2,14,333,444,588,780,806.5,810 | Also called Naso/Pharyngeal Tonsil. Nose |
| Adenoma | ETDF | 40,5810,22500,52500,224370,434000,527000,667000,721000,987230 | Benign epithelial tumor with glandular associations. |
| Adenoma | ETDF | 40,5810,22500,52500,92500,224370,527000,667000,721000,987230 | Benign epithelial tumor with glandular associations. |
| Adenoma Basal Cell | ETDF | 40,5810,22500,52500,92500,434000,527000,667000,721000,987230 | Low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm. See Cancer programs. Cancer |
| Adenoma Beta-Cell | ETDF | 40,320,700,870,5250,32500,60000,125680,225650,275680 | Also called congenital hyperinsulinism. Causes Hypoglycemia. |
| Adenoma Cervical | CAFL | 433 | Epithelial tumor of the cervix that can be benign or malignant. See Cancer Adenoma and Cervical programs. Other use: Hepatitis Type B. Uterus |
| Adenoma Microcystic | ETDF | 40,5810,22500,52500,92500,432500,527000,667000,721000,987230 | Also called Pancreatic Serous Cystadenoma - benign pancreatic tumor. |
| Adenoma Monomorphic | ETDF | 40,5810,22500,52500,92500,436000,527000,667000,721000,987230 | Also called Warthin's Tumor - benign cystic tumor of salivary glands. |
| Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) | ETDF | 40,250,500,2500,322060,422530,561930,709830,842500,985900 | Protein encoded by APC gene, a tumor suppressor. DNA |
| Adenomyosis | ETDF | 30,250,730,3720,7500,35510,62580,125350,672910,924370 | Presence of glandular tissue in muscle, causing painful and/or profuse menses. Uterus Encyclopedia Entry for Adenomyosis : Adenomyosis. The cause is unknown. Sometimes, adenomyosis may cause a mass or growth within the uterus. This is called an adenomyoma. The disease most often occurs in women ages 40 to 50 who have had at least one pregnancy. In many cases, the woman may not have any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include: Long-term or heavy menstrual bleeding Painful menstrual periods , which gets worse Pelvic pain during intercourse. The health care provider will make the diagnosis if a woman has symptoms of adenomyosis that are not caused by other problems. The only way to confirm the diagnosis is by examining the tissue of the uterus after a surgery to remove it. During a pelvic exam, the provider may find a soft and slightly enlarged uterus. The exam may also reveal a uterine mass or uterine tenderness. An ultrasound of the uterus may be done, but it cannot give a clear diagnosis of adenomyosis. MRI can be helpful when other uterine tumors are suspected. Most women have some adenomyosis as they get close to menopause. However, only a few will have symptoms. Most women do not need treatment. Birth control pills and an IUD that has progesterone can help decrease heavy bleeding. Medicines such as ibuprofen or naproxen can also help manage symptoms. Surgery to remove the uterus may be done in women with severe symptoms. Symptoms most often go away after menopause. A hysterectomy completely relieves symptoms. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of adenomyosis. Endometriosis interna; Adenomyoma; Pelvic pain - adenomyosis. Bulun SE. Physiology and pathology of the female reproductive axis. |
| Adenoviridae Infections | ETDF | 180,520,800,37500,93200,150000,392900,509350,755000,866150 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenoviridae Infections | KHZ | 180,520,800,37500,93200,150000,275000,509350,755000,866150 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus | BIO | 333,523,786 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus | CAFL | 333,523,786,768,959,962,666 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. Lungs Stomach Intestines |
| Adenovirus | VEGA | 333,786 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 1 | XTRA | 333,523,666,768,786,950.6,958.79,959,959.6,960.39,962,967.6,969.3,11593.75,11607.8,11718.75,12281.25,14364.52,16628.88,17750,18471,18670.15,19566.31,20875 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 2nd | HC | 371450-386900 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 2nd | XTRA | 920.73,929.52,959.02,11607.8,11718.75,12090.62 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 3rd | HC | 371000 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 4th | HC | 334000 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adenovirus 5th | HC | 568000 | Can cause upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, or croup. |
| Adhesions | CAFL | 2720,2170,1550,802,880,787,776,760,727,190 | Internal scar tissue following injury or surgery. |
| Adhesions Pelvic | ETDF | 20,2500,35160,67500,90000,355080,419340,567700,707260,930120 | Internal scar tissue following injury or surgery. |
| Adhesive Capsulitis | ETDF | 60,230,20000,68250,125750,158300,357300,532410,653690,759830 | See Frozen Shoulder and Stiff Shoulder. Use Streptococcus Pneumoniae, and also try S. Pyogenes and S. Mitis. Shoulder |
| Adiadochokinesis | ETDF | 70,830,10890,2500,52500,87500,103500,214350,552590,719680 | Inability to make certain movements in quick succession. |
| Adie Syndrome | ETDF | 170,460,10850,55160,96500,350000,567000,692330,810200,982110 | Neurological disorder causing dilation problems with eye pupils. Nerve Eye |
| Adiposis Dolorosa | ETDF | 160,970,27500,110250,325000,476500,527000,665340,749000,985670 | Also known as Dercum's Disease - multiple painful lipomas. See Lipomatosis and Lipoma programs. |
| Adnexitis | CAFL | 440,441,522,572,3343,3833,5312 | Swelling of the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Ovary |
| Adnexitis | ETDF | 40,460,33010,72500,117590,231900,509020,645440,798720,915000 | Swelling of the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Ovary |
| Adnexitis | VEGA | 522,572,3343,3833,5312,440,441 | Swelling of the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Ovary |
| Adrenal Function Normalize | XTRA | 1335 | Other use: brunescent cataract. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Gland Balance | XTRA | 20,537,1335,2250,10000,12000 | The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads and other target organs. The production of steroid hormones is called steroidogenesis, and involves a number of reactions and processes that take place in cortical cells. The medulla produces the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, which function to produce a rapid response throughout the body in stress situations. A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, whereas insufficient production is associated with Addison's disease. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disease produced by dysregulation of endocrine control mechanisms.A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found in medical imaging when searching for other diseases. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Gland Diseases | ETDF | 70,5500,73300,134250,357300,454370,519680,689410,712230,993410 | The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you can't live without, including sex hormones and cortisol. Cortisol helps you respond to stress and has many other important functions. With adrenal gland disorders, your glands make too much or not enough hormones. In Cushing's syndrome, there's too much cortisol, while with Addison's disease, there is too little. Some people are born unable to make enough cortisol. Causes of adrenal gland disorders include Genetic mutations Tumors including pheochromocytomas Infections A problem in another gland, such as the pituitary, which helps to regulate the adrenal gland Certain medicines Treatment depends on which problem you have. Surgery or medicines can treat many adrenal gland disorders. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Gland Stimulant 1 | CAFL | 10,20,2250 | The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads and other target organs. The production of steroid hormones is called steroidogenesis, and involves a number of reactions and processes that take place in cortical cells. The medulla produces the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, which function to produce a rapid response throughout the body in stress situations. A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, whereas insufficient production is associated with Addison's disease. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disease produced by dysregulation of endocrine control mechanisms.A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found in medical imaging when searching for other diseases. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Gland Stimulant 2 | CAFL | 10,20,72,95,125,428,440,444,450,522,600,625,650,660,666,685,690,700,727,760,787,832,880,1500,1600,1865,1800,1865,2127,2170,2720,3000 | The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads and other target organs. The production of steroid hormones is called steroidogenesis, and involves a number of reactions and processes that take place in cortical cells. The medulla produces the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, which function to produce a rapid response throughout the body in stress situations. A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, whereas insufficient production is associated with Addison's disease. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disease produced by dysregulation of endocrine control mechanisms.A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found in medical imaging when searching for other diseases. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Gland Stimulant 3 | XTRA | 10,20,72,95,125,428,440,444,450,522,600,625,650,660,666,685,690,700,727,760,776,787,832,880,1500,1550,1600,1800,1865,2008,2127,2170,2720,3000 | The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads and other target organs. The production of steroid hormones is called steroidogenesis, and involves a number of reactions and processes that take place in cortical cells. The medulla produces the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, which function to produce a rapid response throughout the body in stress situations. A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, whereas insufficient production is associated with Addison's disease. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disease produced by dysregulation of endocrine control mechanisms.A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found in medical imaging when searching for other diseases. Adrenals |
| Adrenal Hyperplasia | ETDF | 220,970,52500,93500,236420,376290,426900,571000,813000,932000 | Congenital. May cause vomiting and sexual development problems. Adrenals |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy | ETDF | 190,750,900,5160,30000,229320,434250,564280,714820,978050 | Also called Adrenomyeloneuropathy. Fatty acid oxidation disorder. Encyclopedia Entry for Adrenoleukodystrophy : Adrenoleukodystrophy. Adrenoleukodystrophy is usually passed down from parent to child as an X-linked genetic trait. It affects mostly males. Some women who are carriers can have milder forms of the disease. It affects about 1 in 20,000 people from all races. The condition results in the buildup of very-long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system, adrenal gland, and testes. This disrupts normal activity in these parts of the body. There are three major categories of disease: Childhood cerebral form -- appears in mid-childhood (at ages 4 to 8) Adrenomyelopathy -- occurs in men in their 20s or later in life Impaired adrenal gland function (called Addison disease or Addison-like phenotype) -- adrenal gland does not produce enough steroid hormones. Childhood cerebral type symptoms include: Changes in muscle tone, especially muscle spasms and uncontrolled movements Crossed eyes Handwriting that gets worse Difficulty at school Difficulty understanding what people are saying Hearing loss Hyperactivity Worsening nervous system damage, including coma, decreased fine motor control, and paralysis Seizures Swallowing difficulties Visual impairment or blindness Adrenomyelopathy symptoms include: Difficulty controlling urination Possible worsening muscle weakness or leg stiffness Problems with thinking speed and visual memory Adrenal gland failure (Addison type) symptoms include: Coma Decreased appetite Increased skin color Loss of weight and muscle mass (wasting) Muscle weakness Vomiting. Tests for this condition include: Blood levels of very long chain fatty acids and hormones that are produced by the adrenal gland Chromosome study to look for changes (mutations) in the ABCD1 gene MRI of the head Skin biopsy. Adrenal dysfunction may be treated with steroids (such as cortisol) if the adrenal gland is not producing enough hormones. A specific treatment for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is not available. A bone marrow transplant can cure a people of the condition. Supportive care and careful monitoring of impaired adrenal gland function may help in improving comfort and quality of life. The following resources can provide more information on adrenoleukodystrophy: National Organization for Rare Disease Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/adrenoleukodystrophy NIH/NLM Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy. The childhood form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a progressive disease. It leads to a long-term coma (vegetative state) about 2 years after nervous system symptoms develop. The child can live in this condition for as long as 10 years until death occurs. The other forms of this disease are milder. These complications can occur: Adrenal crisis Vegetative state. Call your health care provider if: Your child develops symptoms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy Your child has X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and is getting worse. Genetic counseling is recommended for couples with a family history of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Mothers of affected sons have an 85% chance of being a carrier for this condition. Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is also available. It is done by testing cells from chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. These tests look for either a known genetic change in the family or for very long chain fatty acid levels. X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy; Adrenomyeloneuropathy; Childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy; ALD; Schilder-Addison Complex. Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. James WD, Berger TG, Elston DM. Errors in metabolism. |
| Adrenomyeloneuropathy | ETDF | 190,750,900,5160,30000,229320,435000,564280,714820,978050 | Also called Adrenoleukodystrophy. Fatty acid oxidation disorder. |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | ETDF | 200,140,330,420,440,550,520,760,780,1860 | Use to counter undesirable effects from the use of drugs. |
| Adynamia Geriatric | CAFL | 27,27.5,35,60 | Fatigue associated with age. |
| Adynamia Geriatric | CAFL | 60,27.5 | Fatigue associated with age. |
| Adynamia Geriatric | XTRA | 49,56 | Fatigue associated with age. |
| Afibrinogenemia | ETDF | 150,180,2500,322060,458500,515050,684810,712420,995380 | Blood clotting disorder. Blood |
| Aflatoxin | CAFL | 344,510,943,474,476,568 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. Liver Encyclopedia Entry for Aflatoxin : Aflatoxin. Although aflatoxins are known to cause cancer in animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them at low levels in nuts, seeds, and legumes because they are considered 'unavoidable contaminants.' The FDA believes occasionally eating small amounts of aflatoxin poses little risk over a lifetime. It is not practical to attempt to remove aflatoxin from food products in order to make them safer. The mold that produces aflatoxin may be found in the following foods: Peanuts and peanut butter Tree nuts such as pecans Corn Wheat Oil seeds such as cottonseed. Aflatoxins ingested in large mounts may cause acute liver damage. Chronic intoxication may lead to weight gain or weight loss, loss of appetite, or infertility in men. To help minimize risk, the FDA tests foods that may contain aflatoxin. Peanuts and peanut butter are some of the most rigorously tested products because they often contain aflatoxins and are widely eaten. You can reduce aflatoxin intake by: Buying only major brands of nuts and nut butters Discarding any nuts that look moldy, discolored, or shriveled. Haschek WM, Voss KA. Mycotoxins. |
| Aflatoxin | VEGA | 344 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. Other use: amoeba hepar abscess. Encyclopedia Entry for Aflatoxin : Aflatoxin. Although aflatoxins are known to cause cancer in animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them at low levels in nuts, seeds, and legumes because they are considered 'unavoidable contaminants.' The FDA believes occasionally eating small amounts of aflatoxin poses little risk over a lifetime. It is not practical to attempt to remove aflatoxin from food products in order to make them safer. The mold that produces aflatoxin may be found in the following foods: Peanuts and peanut butter Tree nuts such as pecans Corn Wheat Oil seeds such as cottonseed. Aflatoxins ingested in large mounts may cause acute liver damage. Chronic intoxication may lead to weight gain or weight loss, loss of appetite, or infertility in men. To help minimize risk, the FDA tests foods that may contain aflatoxin. Peanuts and peanut butter are some of the most rigorously tested products because they often contain aflatoxins and are widely eaten. You can reduce aflatoxin intake by: Buying only major brands of nuts and nut butters Discarding any nuts that look moldy, discolored, or shriveled. Haschek WM, Voss KA. Mycotoxins. |
| Aflatoxin 1 | HC | 177000 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. |
| Aflatoxin 1 | XTRA | 344,438.74,474,476,510,568,943,8812.30,9359.96,11079.69 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. |
| Aflatoxin 2 | XTRA | 438.74,466,8812.30,9359.96 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. |
| Aflatoxin 4 | XTRA | 185000 | Liver-damaging mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. |
| African Lymphoma | ETDF | 50,570,850,52500,119340,375030,425710,434500,642910,985900 | Also called Burkitt's Lymphoma. |
| African Trypanosomiasis | CAFL | 656,988,780 | Also called Sleeping Sickness. Protozoan disease caused by Trypanosoma Brucei. Encyclopedia Entry for African Trypanosomiasis : African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): African trypanosomiasis is spread by the tsetse fly, which is common to many African countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 450,000 cases occur each year. Symptoms of the disease include fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching in the early stage, and confusion, sensory disturbances, poor coordination, and disrupted sleep cycles in the second stage. If the disease goes untreated in its first stage, it causes irreparable neurological damage; if it goes untreated in its second stage, it is fatal. |
| Agammaglobulinemia | ETDF | 120,800,22500,90000,175000,451170,517500,683000,712230,992000 | Primary immune deficiency disease. Synonymous with Hypogammaglobulinemia. Encyclopedia Entry for Agammaglobulinemia : Agammaglobulinemia. This is a rare disorder that mainly affects males. It is caused by a gene defect that blocks the growth of normal, mature immune cells called B lymphocytes. As a result, the body makes very little (if any) immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins play a major role in the immune response , which protects against illness and infection. People with this disorder develop infections again and again. Common infections include ones that are due to bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae , pneumococci ( Streptococcus pneumoniae ), and staphylococci. Common sites of infection include: Gastrointestinal tract Joints Lungs Skin Upper respiratory tract Agammaglobulinemia is inherited, which means other people in your family may have the condition. Symptoms include frequent episodes of: Bronchitis (airway infection) Chronic diarrhea Conjunctivitis (eye infection) Otitis media (middle ear infection) Pneumonia (lung infection) Sinusitis (sinus infection) Skin infections Upper respiratory tract infections Infections typically appear in the first 4 years of life. Other symptoms include: Bronchiectasis (a disease in which the small air sacs in the lungs become damaged and enlarged) Asthma without a known cause. The disorder is confirmed by blood tests that measure levels of immunoglobulins. Tests include: Flow cytometry to measure circulating B lymphocytes Immunoelectrophoresis - serum Quantitative immunoglobulins - IgG, IgA, IgM (usually measured by nephelometry). Treatment involves taking steps to reduce the number and severity of infections. Antibiotics are often needed to treat bacterial infections. Immunoglobulins are given through a vein or by injection to boost the immune system. A bone marrow transplant may be considered. Support Groups These resources can provide more information on agammaglobulinemia: Immune Deficiency Foundation -- primaryimmune.org National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/agammaglobulinemia NIH/NLM Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/x-linked-agammaglobulinemia. Treatment with immunoglobulins has greatly improved the health of those who have this disorder. Without treatment, most severe infections are deadly. Health problems that may result include: Arthritis Chronic sinus or pulmonary disease Eczema Intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: You or your child has experienced frequent infections. You have a family history of agammaglobulinemia or another immunodeficiency disorder and you are planning to have children. Ask the provider about genetic counseling. Genetic counseling should be offered to prospective parents with a family history of agammaglobulinemia or other immunodeficiency disorders. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia; X-linked agammaglobulinemia; Immunosuppression - agammaglobulinemia; Immunodepressed - agammaglobulinemia; Immunosuppressed - agammaglobulinemia. Antibodies Antibodies. Buckley RH. Primary defects of antibody production. |
| Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | XTRA | 358 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, non-motile bacterium that is often found in association with localized aggressive periodontitis, a severe infection of the periodontium. |
| Agnosia | ETDF | 120,5620,67500,93500,222700,425000,522530,689930,752630,923700 | Inability to process information from one sensory system, usually after brain injury or illness. |
| Agyfla | HC | 71000 | Mold toxin. |
| Agyfla | XTRA | 175.99,3534.88 | Mold toxin. |
| Aicardi Syndrome | ETDF | 780,8000,92500,125000,355080,452590,515160,687620,712810,997870 | Genetic syndrome with partial or complete absence of corpus callosum and eye abnormalities. Encyclopedia Entry for Aicardi Syndrome : Aicardi syndrome. The cause of Aicardi syndrome is unknown at this time. In some cases, experts believe it may be a result of a gene defect on the X chromosome. The disorder affects only girls. Symptoms most often start when the child is between ages 3 and 5 months. The condition causes jerking (infantile spasms), a type of childhood seizure. Aicardi syndrome may occur with other brain defects. Other symptoms may include: Coloboma (cat's eye) Intellectual disability Smaller-than-normal eyes (microphthalmia). Children are diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome if they meet the following criteria: Corpus callosum that is partly or completely missing Female sex Seizures (typically beginning as infantile spasms) Sores on the retina (retinal lesions) or optic nerve In rare cases, one of these features may be missing (especially lack of development of the corpus callosum). Tests to diagnose Aicardi syndrome include: CT scan of the head EEG Eye exam MRI Other procedures and tests may be done, depending on the person. Treatment is done to help prevent symptoms. It involves managing seizures and any other health concerns. Treatment uses programs to help the family and child cope with delays in development. Aicardi Syndrome Foundation -- ouraicardilife.org National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) -- rarediseases.org. The outlook depends on how severe the symptoms are and what other health conditions are present. Nearly all children with this syndrome have severe learning difficulties and remain completely dependent on others. However, a few have some language abilities and some can walk on their own or with support. Vision varies from normal to blind. Complications depend on the severity of symptoms. Call your health care provider if your child has symptoms of Aicardi syndrome. Seek emergency care if the infant is having spasms or a seizure. Agenesis of corpus callosum with chorioretinal abnormality; Agenesis of corpus callosum with infantile spasms and ocular abnormalities; Callosal agenesis and ocular abnormalities; Chorioretinal anomalies with ACC. Corpus callosum of the brain Corpus callosum of the brain. Beres S. Aicardi syndrome. American Academy of Ophthalmology Web site. www.aao.org/pediatric-center-detail/neuro-ophthalmology-aicardi-syndrome. Accessed September 27, 2016. Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. |
| AIDS | ETDF | 150,5580,22000,30000,47500,360590,365000,388900,434000,456110 | Acquired immune deficiency. Encyclopedia Entry for AIDS : AIDS - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Encyclopedia Entry for AIDS : AIDS 0. Acquired immune deficiency. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte virus3. Information from Marcello Allegretti. Encyclopedia Entry for AIDS : AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Source of disease: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) |
| AIDS 0 | CAFL | 727,787,880,2489,3175,3275,3375,3475,5000 | Acquired immune deficiency. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte virus3. Immune System Encyclopedia Entry for AIDS 0 : AIDS 0. Acquired immune deficiency. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte virus3. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| AIDS 1 | CAFL | 2489,465,727,787,880,1500,1.2,31000,31750,34750 | Acquired immune deficiency. Not for use in US. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte Virus3. Immune System |
| AIDS 2 | CAFL | 1.44,1550,1500,249,418,727,787,880,2489,3100,3175,3475 | Acquired immune deficiency. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte Virus3. Immune System |
| AIDS 3 | CAFL | 2.88,249,418,727,787,880,1500,1550,2489,3100,3175,3475 | Acquired immune deficiency. See HIV. Use Human T Lymphocyte Virus3. Immune System |
| AIDS Secondary | CAFL | 1113,2128,6121,33,1113,2128,6121 | Primary HIV prevention reduces the incidence of transmission (e.g., fewer people become HIV infected), whereas secondary HIV prevention reduces the prevalence and severity of the disease through early detection and prompt intervention (e.g., fewer HIV-positive people progress to AIDS). For HIV-infected clients in substance abuse treatment, a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention must include three goals: (1) living substance free and sober, (2) slowing or halting the progression of HIV/AIDS, and (3) reducing HIV risktaking. This third goal is crucial for the client in several ways: Different individuals may be infected with different strains of HIV. Because HIV mutates frequently, an individual can be infected with treatment-resistant forms of the virus. The possibility exists that treatment-resistant forms of the virus can be spread even to individuals who are already infected with HIV, and, if this is the case, further treatment options could be reduced. (See Chapter 3 for more information about resistance.) Behaviors that put an individual at risk for HIV will also put him at risk for other infections, such as hepatitis B or C, which can complicate treatment of HIV/AIDS. Clients do not want to transmit HIV to the people who are close to them. In addition to the ways in which HIV prevention efforts directly help the client, the benefit to family and community is obvious. HIV prevention for those already infected is a key component of treatment for both the client and community. Substance abuse treatment personnel may be among the few people the recovering abuser trusts. By taking the opportunity to advise each client on HIV risk reduction, whether that client is known to be HIV infected or not, the substance abuse treatment professional assists both the individual and all those connected to him. HIV has been spreading rapidly among substance abusers since the start of the pandemic but can be slowed if they are taught the skills to prevent transmission. Risk reduction originally was called harm-reduction counseling by its creator, Edith Springer, in the late 1980s and was popularized by pioneering syringe exchange advocates David Purchase and Dan Bigg in the early 1990s. The term harm reduction was first associated with the approach of identifying and supporting any positive change by substance abusers toward less frequent substance use or abstinence. In this respect, the harm-reduction approach endorsed the social work adage of meeting the client where he is. In the mid-1990s, the term harm reduction was unfortunately associated with a brief and unsuccessful drug legalization/decriminal- ization movement. In an effort to distinguish the more specific service provision response from the larger, disparate political movement, advocates renamed the approach risk reduction. The concept of risk reduction was further expanded to include both substance-related and sex behavior-related risks for HIV infection. Risk-reduction interventions have included media campaigns (Bortolotti et al., 1988; Power et al., 1988), syringe exchange programs (Des Jarlais et al., 1996; Watters et al., 1994), and substance abuse treatment (Ball et al., 1988; Booth et al., 1998; Hartgers et al., 1992; Iguchi et al., 1996). Immune System |
| AIDS/HIV | ETDF | 180,240,22000,30000,47500,162820,365000,388900,434000,456110 | Acquired immune deficiency. |
| Airsickness | ETDF | 90,10570,30420,88310,109500,257680,346270,344200,572000,792330 | Airsickness is a type of motion sickness, caused by conflicting signals your senses tell your brain. Your eyes adjust to the lack of movement around you and send a message to your brain that you are sitting still. Your inner ear, however, senses the actual movement. |
| Akathisia | XTRA | 3,7.83,230 | Movement disorder; motor restlessness; due to antipsychotic medication. |
| Alagille Syndrome | ETDF | 80,800,950,22500,57500,175000,419340,563190,813960,983170 | Genetic disorder affecting major organs. |
| Aldrich Syndrome | ETDF | 200,770,2530,3400,5590,95870,175910,343920,425870,571400 | Also called Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Genetic disorder - skin, blood, and immune problems. |
| Alexander Disease | ETDF | 140,780,2500,97500,357770,475050,527000,657110,749000,987230 | Genetic neurodegenerative disease. |
| Alignment of Individual | XTRA | 20,60,95,125,225,427,440,660,727,787,800,880,5000,10000 | Bring body into alignment. Also see Scoliosis. |
| Alkalosis | ETDF | 50,750,2250,72500,110250,379930,424370,561930,642060,978050 | May be respiratory, metabolic, or combined. Encyclopedia Entry for Alkalosis : Alkalosis. The kidneys and lungs maintain the proper balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body. Decreased carbon dioxide (an acid) level or increased bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too alkaline, a condition called alkalosis. There are different types of alkalosis. These are described below. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by a low carbon dioxide level in the blood. This can be due to: Fever Being at a high altitude Lack of oxygen Liver disease Lung disease, which causes you to breathe faster ( hyperventilate ) Aspirin poisoning Metabolic alkalosis is caused by too much bicarbonate in the blood. It can also occur due to certain kidney diseases. Hypochloremic alkalosis is caused by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, such as from prolonged vomiting. Hypokalemic alkalosis is caused by the kidneys' response to an extreme lack or loss of potassium. This can occur from taking certain water pills (diuretics). Compensated alkalosis occurs when the body returns the acid-base balance to normal in cases of alkalosis, but bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels remain abnormal. Symptoms of alkalosis can include any of the following: Confusion (can progress to stupor or coma) Hand tremor Lightheadedness Muscle twitching Nausea, vomiting Numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet Prolonged muscle spasms (tetany). The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Laboratory tests that may be ordered include: Arterial blood gas analysis. Electrolytes test, such as basic metabolic panel to confirm alkalosis and show whether it is respiratory or metabolic alkalosis. Other tests may be needed to determine the cause of the alkalosis. These may include: Urinalysis Urine pH. To treat alkalosis, your provider needs to first find the underlying cause. For alkalosis caused by hyperventilation, breathing into a paper bag allows you to keep more carbon dioxide in your body, which improves the alkalosis. If your oxygen level is low, you may receive oxygen. Medicines may be needed to correct chemical loss (such as chloride and potassium). Your provider will monitor your vital signs (temperature, pulse, rate of breathing, and blood pressure). Most cases of alkalosis respond well to treatment. Untreated or not treated properly, complications may include any of the following: Arrhythmias (heart beating too fast, too slow, or irregularly) Coma Electrolyte imbalance (such as low potassium level ). Call your provider if you become confused, unable to concentrate, or unable to 'catch your breath.' Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if there is: Loss of consciousness Rapidly worsening symptoms of alkalosis Seizures Severe breathing difficulties. Prevention depends on the cause of the alkalosis. People with healthy kidneys and lungs do not usually have serious alkalosis. Kidneys Kidneys. Little M. Metabolic emergencies. |
| Alkaptonuria | ETDF | 70,400,7500,55000,96500,376290,426900,571000,822000,937410 | Also called Black Urine Disease. Asymptomatic in children, in adults it causes disabling joint pain. Encyclopedia Entry for Alkaptonuria : Alkaptonuria. A defect in the HGD gene causes alkaptonuria. The gene defect makes the body unable to properly break down certain amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine). As a result, a substance called homogentisic acid builds up in the skin and other body tissues. The acid leaves the body through the urine. The urine turns brownish-black when it mixes with air. Alkaptonuria is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. If both parents carry a nonworking copy of the gene related to this condition, each of their children has a 25% (1 in 4) chance of developing the disease. Urine in an infant's diaper may darken and can turn almost black after several hours. However, many people with this condition may not know they have it. The disease is most often discovered in mid-adulthood (around age 40), when joint and other problems occur. Symptoms may include: Arthritis (especially of the spine) that gets worse over time Darkening of the ear Dark spots on the white of the eye and cornea. A urine test is done to test for alkaptonuria. If ferric chloride is added to the urine, it will turn the urine black in people with this condition. Some people benefit from high-dose vitamin C. This has been shown to decrease the buildup of brown pigment in the cartilage and may slow the development of arthritis. The outcome is expected to be good. The build-up of homogentisic acid in the cartilage causes arthritis in many adults with alkaptonuria. Homogentisic acid also can build up on the heart valves, especially the mitral valve. This can sometimes lead to the need for valve replacement. Coronary artery disease may develop earlier in life in people with alkaptonuria. Kidney stones and prostate stones may be more common in people with alkaptonuria. Call your health care provider if you notice that your own urine or your child's urine becomes dark brown or black when it is exposed to air. Genetic counseling is recommended for people with a family history of alkoptonuria who are considering having children. A blood test can be done to see if you carry the gene for alkaptonuria. Prenatal tests (amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling) can be done to screen a developing baby for this condition if the genetic change has been identified. AKU; Alcaptonuria; Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency; Alcaptonuric ochronosis. Chakrapani A, Gissen P, McKiernan P. Disorders of tyrosine metabolism. |
| All Diabetes Comprehensive - Type 1 & 2 + Onset | ETDF | 150,890,1700,6970,12890,62300,429700,465000,895000,951300 | Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. |
| Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis | ETDF | 190,520,750,1780,13930,110530,380000,447500,728980,825270 | Type of vasculitis which destroys blood vessels by inflammation. |
| Allergies 1 | CAFL | 2.3,72,300,333,444,522,555.1,727,787,880,5000,10000 | See Pullularia Pullulans and Sorghum Smut programs. |
| Allergies 2 | CAFL | 3,330,727,740,787,880,1234,1550,5000,7344,10000 | See Pullularia Pullulans, and Sorghum Smut programs. |
| Allergy | ETDF | 40,370,650,800,2500,25580,52500,192500,375790,926060 | Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Encyclopedia Entry for Allergy : Allergy shots. An allergy shot contains a small amount of an allergen. This is a substance that causes an allergic reaction. Examples of allergens include: Mold spores Dust mites Animal dander Pollen Insect venom A health care provider gives you the shots for 3 to 5 years. This series of allergy shots may help reduce your allergy symptoms. Work with your provider to identify which allergens are causing your symptoms. This is often done through allergy skin testing or blood tests. Only the allergens you are allergic to are in your allergy shots. Allergy shots are only one part of an allergy treatment plan. You may also take allergy medicines while having allergy shots. Your provider may recommend that you reduce your exposure to allergens, as well. Allergy symptoms occur when your immune system tries to attack an allergen in your body. When this happens, your body creates mucus. This can cause bothersome symptoms in the nose, eyes, and lungs. Treatment with allergy shots is also called immunotherapy. When a small amount of an allergen is injected into your body, your immune system makes a substance called an antibody that blocks the allergen from causing symptoms. After several months of shots, some or all of your symptoms may be relieved. Relief can last several years. For some people, allergy shots can prevent new allergies and reduce asthma symptoms. You may benefit from allergy shots if you have: Asthma that allergies make worse Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis Insect bite sensitivity Eczema , a skin condition that a dust mite allergy can make worse Allergy shots are effective for common allergens such as: Weed and tree pollen Grass Mold or fungus Animal dander Dust mites Insect stings Adults (including the older people) as well as children 5 years and older can receive allergy shots. Your provider is not likely to recommend allergy shots for you if you: Have severe asthma. Have a heart condition. Take certain medicines, such as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers. Are pregnant. Pregnant women should not begin allergy shots. But, they may be able to continue allergy shot treatment that was started before they became pregnant. Food allergies are not treated with allergy shots. You will get your allergy shots at your provider's office. They are usually given in the upper arm. The typical schedule is: For the first 3 to 6 months, you receive shots about 1 to 3 times a week. For the next 3 to 5 years, you receive the shots less often, about every 4 to 6 weeks. Keep in mind that many visits are needed to get the full effects of this treatment. Your provider will assess your symptoms now and then to help decide when you can stop receiving the shots. An allergy shot may cause a reaction on the skin, such as redness, swelling, and itching. Some people have mild nasal stuffiness or a runny nose. Though rare, an allergy shot can also cause a severe life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Because of this, you may need to stay in your provider's office for 30 minutes after your shot to check for this reaction. You may also need to take an antihistamine or another medicine before your allergy shot appointments. This may prevent reactions to the shot at the injection site, but it does not prevent anaphylaxis. Reactions to allergy shots can be treated in your provider's office right away. Call your provider if: You continue to have symptoms after several months of allergy shots You have questions or concerns about the allergy shots or your symptoms You have trouble keeping appointments for your allergy shots. Allergy injections; Allergen immunotherapy. Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, et al; Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(1 Suppl):S1-S55. PMID: 21122901 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122901. Golden DBK. Insect allergy. Encyclopedia Entry for Allergy : Allergy testing - skin. There are three common methods of allergy skin testing. The skin prick test involves: Placing a small amount of substances that may be causing your symptoms on the skin, most often on the forearm, upper arm, or back. The skin is then pricked so the allergen goes under the skin's surface. The health care provider closely watches the skin for swelling and redness or other signs of a reaction. Results are usually seen within 15 to 20 minutes. Several allergens can be tested at the same time. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. Allergy skin prick or scratch test The intradermal skin test involves: Injecting a small amount of allergen into the skin. The provider then watches for a reaction at the site. This test is more likely to be used to find out if you're allergic to bee venom or penicillin. Or it may be used if the skin prick test was negative and the provider still thinks that you're allergic to the allergen. Intradermal allergy test reactions Patch testing is a method to diagnose the cause of skin reactions that occur after the substance touches the skin: Possible allergens are taped to the skin for 48 hours. The provider will look at the area in 72 to 96 hours. Before any allergy testing, the provider will ask about: Illnesses Where you live and work Lifestyle Foods and eating habits Allergy medicines can change the results of skin tests. Your provider will tell you which medicines to avoid and when to stop taking them before the test. Skin tests may cause very mild discomfort when the skin is pricked. You may have symptoms such as itching, a stuffy nose, red watery eyes, or a skin rash if you're allergic to the substance in the test. In rare cases, people can have a whole-body allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis ), which can be life threatening. This usually only occurs with intradermal testing. Your provider will be prepared to treat this serious response. Allergy tests are done to find out which substances are causing your allergy symptoms. Your provider may order allergy skin tests if you have: Hay fever ( allergic rhinitis ) and asthma symptoms that are not well controlled with medicine Hives and angioedema Food allergies Skin rashes ( dermatitis ), in which the skin becomes red, sore, or swollen after contact with the substance Penicillin allergy Venom allergy Allergies to penicillin and related medicines are the only drug allergies that can be tested using skin tests. Skin tests for allergies to other drugs can be dangerous. The skin prick test may also be used to diagnose food allergies. Intradermal tests are not used to test for food allergies because of high false-positive results and the danger of causing a severe allergic reaction. A negative test result means there were no skin changes in response to the allergen. This negative reaction most often means that you are not allergic to the substance. In rare cases, a person may have a negative allergy test and still be allergic to the substance. A positive result means you reacted to a substance. Your provider will see a red, raised area called a wheal. Often, a positive result means the symptoms you're having are due to exposure to that substance. A stronger response means you are likely more sensitive to the substance. People can have a positive response to a substance with allergy skin testing, but not have any problems with that substance in everyday life. Skin tests are usually accurate. But, if the dose of allergen is large, even people who are not allergic will have a positive reaction. Your provider will consider your symptoms and the results of your skin test to suggest lifestyle changes you can make to avoid substances that may be causing your symptoms. Patch tests - allergy; Scratch tests - allergy; Skin tests - allergy; RAST test; Allergic rhinitis - allergy testing; Asthma - allergy testing; Eczema - allergy testing; Hayfever - allergy testing; Dermatitis - allergy testing; Allergy testing; Intradermal allergy testing. Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child. RAST test RAST test Allergy skin prick or scratch test Allergy skin prick or scratch test Intradermal allergy test reactions Intradermal allergy test reactions Skin testing, PPD (R arm) and Candida (L) Skin testing, PPD (R arm) and Candida (L). Chiriac AM, Bousquet J, Demoly P. In vivo methods for the study and diagnosis of allergy. |
| Allergy Pollen | XTRA | 14514.12,14882.62,14930.22 | Pollen is one of the most common triggers of seasonal allergies. Many people know pollen allergy as hay fever. Experts usually refer to pollen allergy as seasonal allergic rhinitis. Each spring, summer and fall, plants release tiny pollen grains to fertilize other plants of the same species. Most of the pollens that cause allergic reactions come from trees, weeds and grasses. These plants make small, light and dry pollen grains that travel by the wind. Grasses are the most common cause of allergy. Ragweed is a main cause of weed allergies. Other common sources of weed pollen include sagebrush, pigweed, lambs quarters and tumbleweed. Certain species of trees, including birch, cedar and oak, also produce highly allergenic pollen. Plants fertilized by insects, like roses and some flowering trees, like cherry and pear trees, usually do not cause allergic rhinitis. |
| Alopecia | CAFL | 20,10000,880,787,727,465,146,800,1552 | Loss of hair. Hair Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is thought to be an autoimmune condition. This occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Some people with this condition have a family history of alopecia. Alopecia areata is seen in men, women, and children. In a few people, hair loss may occur after a major life event such as an illness, pregnancy, or trauma. Hair loss is usually the only symptom. A few people may also feel a burning sensation or itching. Alopecia areata usually begins as 1 to 2 patches of hair loss. Hair loss is most often seen on the scalp. It may also occur in the beard, eyebrows, pubic hair, and arms or legs in some people. Patches where hair has fallen out are smooth and round in shape. They may be peach-colored. Hairs that look like exclamation points are sometimes seen at the edges of a bald patch. If alopecia areata leads to total hair loss, it often occurs within 6 months after symptoms first start. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms, focusing on areas where you have hair loss. A scalp biopsy may be done. Blood tests may also be done to check for autoimmune conditions and thyroid problems. If hair loss is not widespread, the hair will often regrow in a few months without treatment. For more severe hair loss, it is not clear how much treatment can help change the course of the condition. Common treatments may include: Steroid injection under the skin surface Medicines applied to the skin Ultraviolet light therapy A wig may be used to hide areas of hair loss. Full recovery of hair is common. However, some people may have a poorer outcome, including those with: Alopecia areata that starts at a young age Eczema Long-term alopecia Widespread or complete loss of scalp or body hair. Call your provider if you are concerned about hair loss. Alopecia totalis; Alopecia universalis; Ophiasis; Hair loss - patchy. Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia, under treatment Alopecia, under treatment. Habif TP. Hair diseases. Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia. Loss of hair. Can be caused by Herpes zoster and Epstein-Barr virus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Alopecia | ETDF | 60,5070,95000,127630,275050,455820,515160,684810,712230,993410 | Loss of hair. Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is thought to be an autoimmune condition. This occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Some people with this condition have a family history of alopecia. Alopecia areata is seen in men, women, and children. In a few people, hair loss may occur after a major life event such as an illness, pregnancy, or trauma. Hair loss is usually the only symptom. A few people may also feel a burning sensation or itching. Alopecia areata usually begins as 1 to 2 patches of hair loss. Hair loss is most often seen on the scalp. It may also occur in the beard, eyebrows, pubic hair, and arms or legs in some people. Patches where hair has fallen out are smooth and round in shape. They may be peach-colored. Hairs that look like exclamation points are sometimes seen at the edges of a bald patch. If alopecia areata leads to total hair loss, it often occurs within 6 months after symptoms first start. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms, focusing on areas where you have hair loss. A scalp biopsy may be done. Blood tests may also be done to check for autoimmune conditions and thyroid problems. If hair loss is not widespread, the hair will often regrow in a few months without treatment. For more severe hair loss, it is not clear how much treatment can help change the course of the condition. Common treatments may include: Steroid injection under the skin surface Medicines applied to the skin Ultraviolet light therapy A wig may be used to hide areas of hair loss. Full recovery of hair is common. However, some people may have a poorer outcome, including those with: Alopecia areata that starts at a young age Eczema Long-term alopecia Widespread or complete loss of scalp or body hair. Call your provider if you are concerned about hair loss. Alopecia totalis; Alopecia universalis; Ophiasis; Hair loss - patchy. Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia, under treatment Alopecia, under treatment. Habif TP. Hair diseases. Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia. Loss of hair. Can be caused by Herpes zoster and Epstein-Barr virus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Alopecia | KHZ | 60,5070,95000,275050,455820,515160,684810,712230,993410 | Loss of hair. Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is thought to be an autoimmune condition. This occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Some people with this condition have a family history of alopecia. Alopecia areata is seen in men, women, and children. In a few people, hair loss may occur after a major life event such as an illness, pregnancy, or trauma. Hair loss is usually the only symptom. A few people may also feel a burning sensation or itching. Alopecia areata usually begins as 1 to 2 patches of hair loss. Hair loss is most often seen on the scalp. It may also occur in the beard, eyebrows, pubic hair, and arms or legs in some people. Patches where hair has fallen out are smooth and round in shape. They may be peach-colored. Hairs that look like exclamation points are sometimes seen at the edges of a bald patch. If alopecia areata leads to total hair loss, it often occurs within 6 months after symptoms first start. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms, focusing on areas where you have hair loss. A scalp biopsy may be done. Blood tests may also be done to check for autoimmune conditions and thyroid problems. If hair loss is not widespread, the hair will often regrow in a few months without treatment. For more severe hair loss, it is not clear how much treatment can help change the course of the condition. Common treatments may include: Steroid injection under the skin surface Medicines applied to the skin Ultraviolet light therapy A wig may be used to hide areas of hair loss. Full recovery of hair is common. However, some people may have a poorer outcome, including those with: Alopecia areata that starts at a young age Eczema Long-term alopecia Widespread or complete loss of scalp or body hair. Call your provider if you are concerned about hair loss. Alopecia totalis; Alopecia universalis; Ophiasis; Hair loss - patchy. Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia areata with pustules Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - back view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia totalis - front view of the head Alopecia, under treatment Alopecia, under treatment. Habif TP. Hair diseases. Encyclopedia Entry for Alopecia : Alopecia. Loss of hair. Can be caused by Herpes zoster and Epstein-Barr virus. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Alopecia 1 | XTRA | 3,20,28,95,146,330,465,727,787,800,880,1552,2170,2720,5000,10000,15000 | Loss of hair. |
| Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency | ETDF | 40,120,7500,40000,132410,342060,419340,560000,642910,930120 | Genetic disorder of respiratory system. |
| Alpha Streptococcus 1 | XTRA | 916.51,941.92,955.3,11554.69,11875,12043.75 | Streptococcus species causing oxidation of iron in hemoglobin. |
| Alpha Streptococcus 2 | XTRA | 916.51,929.52,955.3,11554.69,11718.75,12043.75 | Streptococcus species causing oxidation of iron in hemoglobin. |
| Alpha Streptococcus_1 | HC | 369750-385400 | Streptococcus species causing oxidation of iron in hemoglobin. |
| Alpha-Mannosidosis | ETDF | 750,7500,57500,122530,269710,479500,527000,667000,742000,986220 | Genetic enzymatic disease causing inability to process sugars. |
| Alphavirus Infections | ETDF | 120,780,12710,55000,90000,175050,425000,571000,822000,932000 | Viral group causing infectious arthritis, encephalitis, fever, and rashes. |
| ALS 1 | CAFL | 2900,864,790,690,610,470,484,986,644,254 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve |
| ALS 2 | CAFL | 5000,3636,2632,1850,1500,1488,1422,1189,1044,922,868,845,822,788,776,766,742,733,721,676,654,625,620,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,595,515,487,461,435,423,380,322,283,232,144,136,20 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve |
| ALS 3 | CAFL | 10000,5000,2900,2750,2700,2145,938,862,841,777,766,741,739,688,682,660,572,532,520,477,442,433,344,343,342,338,324,322,253,242,112 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve |
| Alternaria Tenuis | XTRA | 853,304 | Fungus causing upper respiratory problems and asthma. |
| Aluminium Oxide MW | XTRA | M101.96 | Use Harmonic=Golden Ratio, pollutant, chemtrails, Al2O3. |
| Aluminum 1 | XTRA | 15950 | Toxic metal. Present in chemtrail sprays. See Detox programs. |
| Aluminum 2 | XTRA | 554.67,597.95 | Toxic metal. Present in chemtrail sprays. See Detox programs. |
| Alveolitis Fibrosing | ETDF | 650,410,620,4970,7500,15310,87500,325930,385900,504370 | Also called Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Lung tissue scarring. |
| Alzheimer Disease | ETDF | 110,7500,67500,92500,377910,453720,515160,688290,712000,995380 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimers. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. Encyclopedia Entry for Alzheimer Disease : Alzheimer disease. The exact cause of Alzheimer disease is not known. Research shows that certain changes in the brain lead to Alzheimer disease. You are more likely to develop Alzheimer disease if you: Are older -- Developing Alzheimer disease is not a part of normal aging. Have a close relative, such as a brother, sister, or parent with Alzheimer disease. Have certain genes linked to Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease The following may also increase the risk: Being female Having heart and blood vessel problems due to high cholesterol History of head trauma There are two types of Alzheimer disease: Early onset Alzheimer disease -- Symptoms appear before age 60. This type is much less common than late onset. It tends to get worse quickly. Early onset disease can run in families. Several genes have been identified. Late onset Alzheimer disease -- This is the most common type. It occurs in people age 60 and older. It may run in some families, but the role of genes is less clear. Alzheimer disease Watch this video about: Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function, including: Emotional behavior or personality Language Memory Perception Thinking and judgment (cognitive skills) Alzheimer disease usually first appears as forgetfulness. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging, and the development of Alzheimer disease. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with daily activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops Alzheimer disease. Symptoms of MCI include: Difficulty performing more than one task at a time Difficulty solving problems Forgetting recent events or conversations Taking longer to perform more difficult activities Early symptoms of Alzheimer disease can include: Difficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing complex games (bridge), and learning new information or routines Getting lost on familiar routes Language problems, such as trouble remembering the names of familiar objects Losing interest in things previously enjoyed and being in a flat mood Misplacing items Personality changes and loss of social skills As Alzheimer disease becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of oneself. Symptoms may include: Change in sleep patterns, often waking up at night Delusions, depression, and agitation Difficulty doing basic tasks, such as preparing meals, choosing proper clothing, and driving Difficulty reading or writing Forgetting details about current events Forgetting events in one's life history and losing self-awareness Hallucinations , arguments, striking out, and violent behavior Poor judgment and loss of ability to recognize danger Using the wrong word, mispronouncing words, or speaking in confusing sentences Withdrawing from social contact People with severe Alzheimer disease can no longer: Recognize family members Perform basic activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathing Understand language Other symptoms that may occur with Alzheimer disease: Problems controlling bowel movements or urine Swallowing problems. A skilled health care provider can often diagnose Alzheimer disease with the following steps: Performing a complete physical exam, including a nervous system exam Asking about the person's medical history and symptoms Mental function tests (mental status examination) A diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is made when certain symptoms are present, and by making sure other causes of dementia are not present. Tests may be done to rule out other possible causes of dementia, including: Anemia Brain tumor Long-term (chronic) infection Intoxication from medicines Severe depression Increased fluid on the brain ( normal pressure hydrocephalus ) Stroke Thyroid disease Vitamin deficiency CT or MRI of the brain may be done to look for other causes of dementia, such as a brain tumor or stroke. Sometimes, a PET scan can be used to rule out Alzheimer disease. The only way to know for certain that someone has Alzheimer disease is to examine a sample of their brain tissue after death. There is no cure for Alzheimer disease. The goals of treatment are: Slow the progression of the disease (although this is difficult to do) Manage symptoms, such as behavior problems, confusion, and sleep problems Change the home environment to make daily activities easier Support family members and other caregivers Medicines are used to: Slow the rate at which symptoms worsen, though the benefit from using these drugs may be small Control problems with behavior, such as loss of judgment or confusion Before using these medicines, ask the provider: What are the side effects? Is the medicine worth the risk? When is the best time, if any, to use these medicines? Do medicines for other health problems need to be changed or stopped? Someone with Alzheimer disease will need support in the home as the disease gets worse. Family members or other caregivers can help by helping the person cope with memory loss and behavior and sleep problems. It is important to make sure the home of a person who has Alzheimer disease is safe for them. Having Alzheimer disease or caring for a person with the condition may be a challenge. You can ease the stress of illness by seeking support through Alzheimer disease resources. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. How quickly Alzheimer disease gets worse is different for each person. If Alzheimer disease develops quickly, it is more likely to worsen quickly. People with Alzheimer disease often die earlier than normal, although a person may live anywhere from 3 to 20 years after diagnosis. Families will likely need to plan for their loved one's future care. The final phase of the disease may last from a few months to several years. During that time, the person becomes totally disabled. Death usually occurs from an infection or organ failure. Call the provider if: Alzheimer disease symptoms develop or a person has a sudden change in mental status The condition of a person with Alzheimer disease gets worse You are unable to care for a person with Alzheimer disease at home. Although there is no proven way to prevent Alzheimer disease, there are some measures that may help prevent or slow the onset of Alzheimer disease: Stay on a low-fat diet and eat foods high in omega-3 fatty acids. Get plenty of exercise. Stay mentally and socially active. Wear a helmet during risky activities to prevent brain injury. Senile dementia - Alzheimer type (SDAT); SDAT; Dementia - Alzheimer. Communicating with someone with aphasia Communicating with someone with dysarthria Dementia and driving Dementia - behavior and sleep problems Dementia - daily care Dementia - keeping safe in the home Dementia - what to ask your doctor Eating extra calories when sick - adults Preventing falls. Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease. Knopman DS. Alzheimer disease and other dementias. |
| Alzheimers | XTRA | 1.45 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. Other use: dyslexia. Encyclopedia Entry for Alzheimers : Alzheimers. Can be caused by fungal infections, the bacteria Chlamydia Pneumoniae,Helicobacter pylori, Mycoplasma Fermentans, a type of spiral-shaped bacteria called Spirochaetes and by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Is associated with Herpes simplex virus 1, in individuals who possess the APOE-4 form of the APOE gene (APOE-4 enables the herpes virus to enter the brain), HHV-6a and HHV-7. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Alzheimers 1 | CAFL | 430,620,624,840,866,5148,2213,19180.5,742.4,303,23.2 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. Brain |
| Alzheimers 1 | XTRA | 23.19,303,430,470.89,471.66,620,624,742.39,840,866,941.79,943.29,2213,3767.3,3773.3,5148,19180.5 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. |
| Alzheimers 2 | XTRA | 430,620,624,840,866,2213,5148,19180.5 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. |
| Alzheimers 3 | XTRA | 2213,5148,19180.5 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. |
| Alzheimers 4 | XTRA | 6,23.19,30,33,254,303,430,470,484,610,620,624,644,690,742.39,790,864,866,986,1918,2213,2900,5148 | See ALS programs. Also called Alzheimer. Chronic neurodegenerative illness. |
| Amaurosis Fugax | ETDF | 180,780,2500,85000,37500,110250,175000,352930,495000 | Transient loss of sight in one eye. Encyclopedia Entry for Amaurosis Fugax : Amaurosis fugax. Amaurosis fugax is not itself a disease. Instead, it is a sign of other disorders. Amaurosis fugax can occur from different causes. One cause is when a blood clot or a piece of plaque blocks an artery in the eye. The blood clot or plaque usually travels from a larger artery, such as the carotid artery in the neck or an artery in the heart, to an artery in the eye. Plaque is a hard substance that forms when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. Risk factors include: Heart disease, especially irregular heartbeat Alcohol abuse Cocaine use Diabetes Family history of stroke High blood pressure High cholesterol Increasing age Smoking (people who smoke one pack a day double their risk for a stroke) Amaurosis fugax can also occur because of other disorders such as: Other eye problems, such as inflammation of the optic nerve ( optic neuritis ) Blood vessel disease called polyarteritis nodosa Migraine headaches Brain tumor Head injury Multiple sclerosis ( MS ), inflammation of the nerves due to the body's immune cells attacking the nervous system Systemic lupus erythematosus , an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune cells attack healthy tissue throughout the body. Symptoms include the sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes. This usually lasts for a few seconds to several minutes. Afterward, vision returns to normal. Some people describe the loss of vision as a gray or black shade coming down over the eye. The health care provider will perform a complete eye and nervous system exam. In some cases, an eye exam will reveal a bright spot where the clot is blocking the retinal artery. Tests that may be done include: Ultrasound or magnetic resonance angiography scan of the carotid artery to check for blood clots or plaque Blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar levels Tests of the heart, such as an ECG to check its electrical activity. Treatment of amaurosis fugax depends on its cause. When amaurosis fugax is due to a blood clot or plaque, the concern is to prevent a stroke. The following can help prevent a stroke: Avoid fatty foods and follow a healthy, low-fat diet. DO NOT drink more than 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks a day. Exercise regularly: 30 minutes a day if you are not overweight; 60 to 90 minutes a day if you are overweight. Quit smoking. Most people should aim for a blood pressure below 120 to 130/80 mm Hg. If you have diabetes or have had a stroke, your doctor may tell you to aim for a lower blood pressure. If you have diabetes, heart disease, or hardening of the arteries, your LDL (bad) cholesterol should be lower than 70 mg/dL. Follow your doctor's treatment plans if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or heart disease. Your doctor may also recommend: No treatment. You may only need regular visits to check the health of your heart and carotid arteries. Aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), or other blood-thinning drugs to lower your risk for stroke. If a large part of the carotid artery appears blocked, carotid endarterectomy surgery is done to remove the blockage. The decision to do surgery is also based on your overall health. Amaurosis fugax increases your risk for stroke. Call your provider if any vision loss occurs. If symptoms last longer than a few minutes or if there are other symptoms with the vision loss, seek medical attention right away. Transient monocular blindness; Transient monocular visual loss; TMVL; Transient monocular visual loss; Transient binocular visual loss; TBVL; Temporary visual loss - amaurosis fugax. Retina Retina. Biller J, Ruland S, Schneck MJ. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease. |
| Amblyopia | ETDF | 50,700,2500,67500,125050,322060,536420,655200,752630,924370 | Lazy eye. Encyclopedia Entry for Amblyopia : Amblyopia. Amblyopia occurs when the nerve pathway from one eye to the brain does not develop during childhood. This problem develops because the abnormal eye sends a blurred image or the wrong image to the brain. This confuses the brain, and the brain may learn to ignore the image from the weaker eye. Strabismus (crossed eyes) is the most common cause of amblyopia. There is often a family history of this condition. The term 'lazy eye' refers to amblyopia, which often occurs along with strabismus. However, amblyopia can occur without strabismus. Also, people can have strabismus without amblyopia. Other causes include: Childhood cataracts Farsightedness , nearsightedness , or astigmatism , especially if it is greater in one eye. Symptoms of the condition include: Eyes that turn in or out Eyes that do not appear to work together Inability to judge depth correctly Poor vision in one eye. In most cases, amblyopia can be detected with a complete eye exam. Special tests are not often needed. The first step will be to correct any eye condition that is causing poor vision in the amblyopic eye (such as cataracts). Children with a refractive error (nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism) will need glasses. Next, a patch is placed on the normal eye. This forces the brain to recognize the image from the eye with amblyopia. Sometimes, drops are used to blur the vision of the normal eye instead of putting a patch on it. Children whose vision will not fully recover, and those with only one good eye due to any disorder should wear glasses. These glasses should be shatter- and scratch-resistant. Children who get treated before age 5 almost always recover vision that is close to normal. However, they may continue to have problems with depth perception. Permanent vision problems may result if treatment is delayed. Children treated after age 10 can expect vision to recover only partially. Complications may include: Eye muscle problems that may require several surgeries Permanent vision loss in the affected eye. Call your health care provider or ophthalmologist if you suspect a vision problem in a young child. Identifying and treating the problem early prevents children from having permanent visual loss. All children should have a complete eye exam at least once between ages 3 and 5. Special methods are used to measure vision in a child who is too young to speak. Most eye care professionals can perform these techniques. Lazy eye; Vision loss - amblyopia. Visual acuity test Visual acuity test Walleyes Walleyes. Diamond GR, Shah RM. Amblyopia. |
| Amenorrhea | CAFL | 10000,880,1550,802,787,760,727,465,20 | Absence of menstruation. Menstruation |
| Amino Acid Metabolism | ETDF | 170,2500,20000,92500,310250,450000,517500,687620,712230,993410 | Normalisation. Cell |
| Ammonia Remove | XTRA | 1719.51 | Removes ammonia and 'vinegar' odors in Lyme and Morgellons. |
| Amnesia | ETDF | 70,2250,87500,92500,275000,432410,564280,640000,978050 | Memory loss. Brain |
| Amniotic Band Syndrome | ETDF | 70,180,5620,37500,100000,275160,525710,655200,750000,926700 | Congenital - due to trapping of fetal limbs by fibrous bands while in utero. |
| Amoeba | BIO | 310,333,532,732,827,1522 | A single-celled, sometimes infectious microorganism (also spelled Ameba). |
| Amoeba General | CAFL | 310,333,532,732,769,827,1522 | A single-celled, sometimes infectious microorganism. Also spelled Ameba. |
| Amoeba Hepar Abscess | CAFL | 344,605 | Liver abcess caused by amebic infection. Also spelled Ameba. Liver |
| Amoebiasis | ETDF | 520,2500,40000,95000,376290,476500,527000,665340,752700,987230 | Also spelled Amebiasis. |
| Amphibian Diseases | ETDF | 70,10830,5810,57500,125050,376290,419340,560000,642910,930120 | Some of the more common amphibian diseases with bacterial etiologies include bacterial dermatosepticemia or Ňred leg syndrome,Ó flavobacteriosis, mycobacteriosis, and chlamydiosis. The most common viral diseases of amphibians are caused by the ranaviruses, which have an impact on many species of anurans and caudates. |
| Amyloidosis | ETDF | 60,10830,7500,322530,452590,519680,689410,712000,833210,995380 | Caused by misfolded proteins, most commonly in kidneys and heart. |
| Amyotonia Congenita | ETDF | 40,350,6790,52250,115780,234250,342120,472500,551220,657710 | Also called hypotonia, or floppy baby syndrome. Due to low muscle tone/strength. Also see Languorous Paralysis. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | CAFL | 254,484,610,644,690,790,864,986 | ALS, possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away or die, and can no longer send messages to muscles. This eventually leads to muscle weakening, twitching, and an inability to move the arms, legs, and body. The condition slowly gets worse. When the muscles in the chest area stop working, it becomes hard or impossible to breathe. ALS affects approximately 5 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. Having a family member who has a hereditary form of the disease is a risk factor for ALS. Other risks include military service. Some risk factors are controversial. Symptoms usually do not develop until after age 50, but they can start in younger people. People with ALS have a loss of muscle strength and coordination that eventually gets worse and makes it impossible for them to do routine tasks such as going up steps, getting out of a chair, or swallowing. Weakness can first affect the arms or legs, or the ability to breathe or swallow. As the disease gets worse, more muscle groups develop problems. ALS does not affect the senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch). Most people are able to think normally, although a small number develop dementia, causing problems with memory. Muscle weakness starts in one body part, such as the arm or hand, and slowly gets worse until it leads to the following: Difficulty lifting, climbing stairs, and walking Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing -- choking easily, drooling, or gagging Head drop due to weakness of the neck muscles Speech problems, such as a slow or abnormal speech pattern (slurring of words) Voice changes, hoarseness Other findings include: Depression Muscle cramps Muscle stiffness, called spasticity Muscle contractions , called fasciculations Weight loss. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your medical history and symptoms. The physical exam may show: Weakness, often beginning in one area Muscle tremors, spasms, twitching, or loss of muscle tissue Twitching of the tongue (common) Abnormal reflexes Stiff or clumsy walk Decreased or increased reflexes at the joints Difficulty controlling crying or laughing (sometimes called emotional incontinence) Loss of gag reflex Tests that may be done include: Blood tests to rule out other conditions Breathing test to see if lung muscles are affected Cervical spine CT or MRI to be sure there is no disease or injury to the neck, which can mimic ALS Electromyography to see which nerves or muscles do not work properly Genetic testing, if there is a family history of ALS Head CT or MRI to rule out other conditions Swallowing studies Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). There is no known cure for ALS. A medicine called riluzole helps slow the symptoms and helps people live slightly longer. Two medicines are available that help slow the progression of symptoms and may help people live slightly longer: Riluzole (Rilutek) Edaravone (Radicava) Treatments to control other symptoms include: Baclofen or diazepam for spasticity that interferes with daily activities Trihexyphenidyl or amitriptyline for people with problems swallowing their own saliva Physical therapy, rehabilitation, use of braces or a wheelchair, or other measures may be needed to help with muscle function and general health. People with ALS tend to lose weight. The illness itself increases the need for food and calories. At the same time, problems with choking and swallowing make it hard to eat enough. To help with feeding, a tube may be placed into the stomach. A dietitian who specializes in ALS can give advice on healthy eating. Breathing devices include machines that are used only at night, and constant mechanical ventilation. Medicine for depression may be needed if a person with ALS is feeling sad. They also should discuss their wishes regarding artificial ventilation with their families and providers. Emotional support is vital in coping with the disorder, because mental functioning is not affected. Groups such as the ALS Association may be available to help people who are coping with the disorder. Support for people who are caring for someone with ALS is also available, and may be very helpful. Over time, people with ALS lose the ability to function and care for themselves. Death often occurs within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. About 1 in 4 people survive for more than 5 years after diagnosis. Some people live much longer, but they typically need help breathing from a ventilator or other device. Complications of ALS include: Breathing in food or fluid ( aspiration ) Loss of ability to care for self Lung failure Pneumonia Pressure sores Weight loss. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of ALS, particularly if you have a family history of the disorder You or someone else has been diagnosed with ALS and symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop Increased difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and episodes of apnea are symptoms that require immediate attention. You may want to see a genetic counselor if you have a family history of ALS. Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Fearon C, Murray B, Mitsumoto H. Disorders of upper and lower motor neurons. Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Can be caused by Mycoplasma Fermentans, Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (XMRV). Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | ETDF | 20,2500,60000,95000,225330,479500,527000,667000,742000,985670 | ALS, possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away or die, and can no longer send messages to muscles. This eventually leads to muscle weakening, twitching, and an inability to move the arms, legs, and body. The condition slowly gets worse. When the muscles in the chest area stop working, it becomes hard or impossible to breathe. ALS affects approximately 5 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. Having a family member who has a hereditary form of the disease is a risk factor for ALS. Other risks include military service. Some risk factors are controversial. Symptoms usually do not develop until after age 50, but they can start in younger people. People with ALS have a loss of muscle strength and coordination that eventually gets worse and makes it impossible for them to do routine tasks such as going up steps, getting out of a chair, or swallowing. Weakness can first affect the arms or legs, or the ability to breathe or swallow. As the disease gets worse, more muscle groups develop problems. ALS does not affect the senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch). Most people are able to think normally, although a small number develop dementia, causing problems with memory. Muscle weakness starts in one body part, such as the arm or hand, and slowly gets worse until it leads to the following: Difficulty lifting, climbing stairs, and walking Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing -- choking easily, drooling, or gagging Head drop due to weakness of the neck muscles Speech problems, such as a slow or abnormal speech pattern (slurring of words) Voice changes, hoarseness Other findings include: Depression Muscle cramps Muscle stiffness, called spasticity Muscle contractions , called fasciculations Weight loss. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your medical history and symptoms. The physical exam may show: Weakness, often beginning in one area Muscle tremors, spasms, twitching, or loss of muscle tissue Twitching of the tongue (common) Abnormal reflexes Stiff or clumsy walk Decreased or increased reflexes at the joints Difficulty controlling crying or laughing (sometimes called emotional incontinence) Loss of gag reflex Tests that may be done include: Blood tests to rule out other conditions Breathing test to see if lung muscles are affected Cervical spine CT or MRI to be sure there is no disease or injury to the neck, which can mimic ALS Electromyography to see which nerves or muscles do not work properly Genetic testing, if there is a family history of ALS Head CT or MRI to rule out other conditions Swallowing studies Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). There is no known cure for ALS. A medicine called riluzole helps slow the symptoms and helps people live slightly longer. Two medicines are available that help slow the progression of symptoms and may help people live slightly longer: Riluzole (Rilutek) Edaravone (Radicava) Treatments to control other symptoms include: Baclofen or diazepam for spasticity that interferes with daily activities Trihexyphenidyl or amitriptyline for people with problems swallowing their own saliva Physical therapy, rehabilitation, use of braces or a wheelchair, or other measures may be needed to help with muscle function and general health. People with ALS tend to lose weight. The illness itself increases the need for food and calories. At the same time, problems with choking and swallowing make it hard to eat enough. To help with feeding, a tube may be placed into the stomach. A dietitian who specializes in ALS can give advice on healthy eating. Breathing devices include machines that are used only at night, and constant mechanical ventilation. Medicine for depression may be needed if a person with ALS is feeling sad. They also should discuss their wishes regarding artificial ventilation with their families and providers. Emotional support is vital in coping with the disorder, because mental functioning is not affected. Groups such as the ALS Association may be available to help people who are coping with the disorder. Support for people who are caring for someone with ALS is also available, and may be very helpful. Over time, people with ALS lose the ability to function and care for themselves. Death often occurs within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. About 1 in 4 people survive for more than 5 years after diagnosis. Some people live much longer, but they typically need help breathing from a ventilator or other device. Complications of ALS include: Breathing in food or fluid ( aspiration ) Loss of ability to care for self Lung failure Pneumonia Pressure sores Weight loss. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of ALS, particularly if you have a family history of the disorder You or someone else has been diagnosed with ALS and symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop Increased difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and episodes of apnea are symptoms that require immediate attention. You may want to see a genetic counselor if you have a family history of ALS. Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Fearon C, Murray B, Mitsumoto H. Disorders of upper and lower motor neurons. Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Can be caused by Mycoplasma Fermentans, Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (XMRV). Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | XTRA | 254,484,610,692,980,644,660,690,727.5,790,864,986,2900 | ALS,possibly due to Mycoplasma Fermentans. Use Multiple Sclerosis, and see Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, and Lyme programs. Nerve Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away or die, and can no longer send messages to muscles. This eventually leads to muscle weakening, twitching, and an inability to move the arms, legs, and body. The condition slowly gets worse. When the muscles in the chest area stop working, it becomes hard or impossible to breathe. ALS affects approximately 5 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. Having a family member who has a hereditary form of the disease is a risk factor for ALS. Other risks include military service. Some risk factors are controversial. Symptoms usually do not develop until after age 50, but they can start in younger people. People with ALS have a loss of muscle strength and coordination that eventually gets worse and makes it impossible for them to do routine tasks such as going up steps, getting out of a chair, or swallowing. Weakness can first affect the arms or legs, or the ability to breathe or swallow. As the disease gets worse, more muscle groups develop problems. ALS does not affect the senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch). Most people are able to think normally, although a small number develop dementia, causing problems with memory. Muscle weakness starts in one body part, such as the arm or hand, and slowly gets worse until it leads to the following: Difficulty lifting, climbing stairs, and walking Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing -- choking easily, drooling, or gagging Head drop due to weakness of the neck muscles Speech problems, such as a slow or abnormal speech pattern (slurring of words) Voice changes, hoarseness Other findings include: Depression Muscle cramps Muscle stiffness, called spasticity Muscle contractions , called fasciculations Weight loss. The health care provider will examine you and ask about your medical history and symptoms. The physical exam may show: Weakness, often beginning in one area Muscle tremors, spasms, twitching, or loss of muscle tissue Twitching of the tongue (common) Abnormal reflexes Stiff or clumsy walk Decreased or increased reflexes at the joints Difficulty controlling crying or laughing (sometimes called emotional incontinence) Loss of gag reflex Tests that may be done include: Blood tests to rule out other conditions Breathing test to see if lung muscles are affected Cervical spine CT or MRI to be sure there is no disease or injury to the neck, which can mimic ALS Electromyography to see which nerves or muscles do not work properly Genetic testing, if there is a family history of ALS Head CT or MRI to rule out other conditions Swallowing studies Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). There is no known cure for ALS. A medicine called riluzole helps slow the symptoms and helps people live slightly longer. Two medicines are available that help slow the progression of symptoms and may help people live slightly longer: Riluzole (Rilutek) Edaravone (Radicava) Treatments to control other symptoms include: Baclofen or diazepam for spasticity that interferes with daily activities Trihexyphenidyl or amitriptyline for people with problems swallowing their own saliva Physical therapy, rehabilitation, use of braces or a wheelchair, or other measures may be needed to help with muscle function and general health. People with ALS tend to lose weight. The illness itself increases the need for food and calories. At the same time, problems with choking and swallowing make it hard to eat enough. To help with feeding, a tube may be placed into the stomach. A dietitian who specializes in ALS can give advice on healthy eating. Breathing devices include machines that are used only at night, and constant mechanical ventilation. Medicine for depression may be needed if a person with ALS is feeling sad. They also should discuss their wishes regarding artificial ventilation with their families and providers. Emotional support is vital in coping with the disorder, because mental functioning is not affected. Groups such as the ALS Association may be available to help people who are coping with the disorder. Support for people who are caring for someone with ALS is also available, and may be very helpful. Over time, people with ALS lose the ability to function and care for themselves. Death often occurs within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. About 1 in 4 people survive for more than 5 years after diagnosis. Some people live much longer, but they typically need help breathing from a ventilator or other device. Complications of ALS include: Breathing in food or fluid ( aspiration ) Loss of ability to care for self Lung failure Pneumonia Pressure sores Weight loss. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of ALS, particularly if you have a family history of the disorder You or someone else has been diagnosed with ALS and symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop Increased difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and episodes of apnea are symptoms that require immediate attention. You may want to see a genetic counselor if you have a family history of ALS. Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease. Central nervous system Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Fearon C, Murray B, Mitsumoto H. Disorders of upper and lower motor neurons. Encyclopedia Entry for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Can be caused by Mycoplasma Fermentans, Echo Virus, Coxsackie, Herpes 6, Bartonella, Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (XMRV). Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anal Itching | CAFL | 10000,880,787,760,727,465,125,120,95,72,444,1865,20,773,826,827,835,4152 | Pruritis. Use Parasites Enterobiasis, and see Parasites General program. Anus Encyclopedia Entry for Anal Itching : Anal itching - self-care. Anal itching may be caused by: Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and other irritating foods and beverages Scents or dyes in toilet paper or soap Diarrhea Hemorrhoids , which are swollen veins in or around your anus Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Taking antibiotics Yeast infections Parasites, such as pinworms , which more commonly occur in children. To treat anal itching at home, you should keep the area as clean and dry as possible. Clean the anus gently after bowel movements, without scrubbing. Use a squeeze bottle of water, unscented baby wipes, a wet washcloth, or wet unscented toilet paper. Avoid soaps with dyes or fragrances. Pat dry with a clean, soft towel or unscented toilet paper. Do not rub the area. Try over-the-counter creams, ointments, or gels with hydrocortisone or zinc oxide, made to soothe anal itching. Be sure to follow the directions for use on the package. Wear loose clothing and cotton underwear to help keep the area dry. Try not to scratch the area. This can cause swelling and irritation, and make itching worse. Avoid foods and beverages that can cause loose stools or irritate the skin around the anus. This includes spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol. Use fiber supplements, if needed, to help you have regular bowel movements. Call your health care provider if you have: A rash or lump in or around the anus Bleeding or discharge from the anus Fever Also, call your provider if self-care does not help within 2 or 3 weeks. Pruritus ani - self-care. Abdelnaby A, Downs JM. Diseases of the anorectum. |
| Analgesia | ETDF | 40,570,10530,95050,210250,424370,563190,707260,985900 | Pain relief. |
| Analgesic Pain Relief | XTRA | 90 | Pain relief. |
| Anankastic Personality Disorder | ETDF | 190,750,1420,5250,25510,42570,162210,492830,671510,808530 | Also called Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Encyclopedia Entry for Anankastic Personality Disorder : Anankastic Personality Disorder. Also called Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD).Can be caused by Streptococcus and Borrelia. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anaphylaxis | ETDF | 140,750,2500,65000,87300,236420,400000,561930,714820,978050 | Serious rapid allergic reaction. Other use: Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor. Encyclopedia Entry for Anaphylaxis : Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen. An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction. After being exposed to a substance such as bee sting venom, the person's immune system becomes sensitized to it. When the person is exposed to that allergen again, an allergic reaction may occur. Anaphylaxis happens quickly after the exposure. The condition is severe and involves the whole body. Tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and other substances. This causes the airways to tighten and leads to other symptoms. Some drugs (morphine, x-ray dye, aspirin, and others) may cause an anaphylactic-like reaction (anaphylactoid reaction) when people are first exposed to them. These reactions are not the same as the immune system response that occurs with true anaphylaxis. But, the symptoms, risk of complications, and treatment are the same for both types of reactions. Anaphylaxis can occur in response to any allergen. Common causes include: Drug allergies Food allergies Insect bites/stings Pollen and other inhaled allergens rarely cause anaphylaxis. Some people have an anaphylactic reaction with no known cause. Anaphylaxis is life threatening and can occur at any time. Risks include a history of any type of allergic reaction. Symptoms develop quickly, often within seconds or minutes. They may include any of the following: Abdominal pain Feeling anxious Chest discomfort or tightness Diarrhea Difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, or high-pitched breathing sounds Difficulty swallowing Dizziness or lightheadedness Hives , itchiness, redness of the skin Nasal congestion Nausea or vomiting Palpitations Slurred speech Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue Unconsciousness. The health care provider will examine the person and ask about what might have caused the condition. Tests for the allergen that caused anaphylaxis (if the cause is not obvious) may be done after treatment. Anaphylaxis is an emergency condition that needs medical attention right away. Call 911 immediately. Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation, which are known as the ABC's of Basic Life Support. A warning sign of dangerous throat swelling is a very hoarse or whispered voice, or coarse sounds when the person is breathing in air. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR. Call 911. Calm and reassure the person. If the allergic reaction is from a bee sting, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail or plastic credit card). Do not use tweezers. Squeezing the stinger will release more venom. If the person has emergency allergy medicine on hand, help the person take or inject it. Do not give medicine through the mouth if the person is having difficulty breathing. Take steps to prevent shock. Have the person lie flat, raise the person's feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters), and cover the person with a coat or blanket. Do not place the person in this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is suspected, or if it causes discomfort. DO NOT: Do not assume that any allergy shots the person has already received will provide complete protection. Do not place a pillow under the person's head if they are having trouble breathing. This can block the airways. Do not give the person anything by mouth if they are having trouble breathing. Paramedics or other providers may place a tube through the nose or mouth into the airways. Or emergency surgery will be done to place a tube directly into the trachea. The person may receive medicines to further reduce symptoms. Anaphylaxis can be life threatening without prompt treatment. Symptoms usually do get better with the right therapy, so it is important to act right away. Without prompt treatment, anaphylaxis may result in: Blocked airway Cardiac arrest (no effective heartbeat) Respiratory arrest (no breathing) Shock. Call 911 if you or someone you know develops severe symptoms of anaphylaxis. Or, go to the nearest emergency room. To prevent allergic reactions and anaphylaxis: Avoid triggers such as foods and medicines that have caused an allergic reaction in the past. Ask detailed questions about ingredients when you are eating away from home. Also carefully examine ingredient labels. If you have a child who is allergic to certain foods, introduce one new food at a time in small amounts so you can recognize an allergic reaction. People who know that they have had serious allergic reactions should wear a medical ID tag. If you have a history of serious allergic reactions, carry emergency medicines (such as a chewable antihistamine and injectable epinephrine or a bee sting kit) according to your provider's instructions. Do not use your injectable epinephrine on anyone else. They may have a condition (such as a heart problem) that could be worsened by this drug. Anaphylactic reaction; Anaphylactic shock; Shock - anaphylactic; Allergic reaction - anaphylaxis. Shock Shock Allergic reactions Allergic reactions Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis Hives Hives Food allergies Food allergies Insect stings and allergy Insect stings and allergy Allergic reactions to medication Allergic reactions to medication Antibodies Antibodies. Barksdale AN, Muelleman RL. Allergy, hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis. |
| Anaplasma Lyme | XTRA | 387 | Genus of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. |
| Anaplasma Marginale | HC | 386400-388000 | Species of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. Involved in Lyme Disease. |
| Anaplasma Marginale 1 | XTRA | 957.78,959.27,961.75,12075,12093.75,12125 | Species of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. Involved in Lyme Disease. |
| Anaplasma Marginale 2 | XTRA | 959.27,1046.02,19267.59,21010.13 | Species of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. Involved in Lyme Disease. |
| Anaplasma Marginale 2nd | HC | 415300-424000 | Species of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. Involved in Lyme Disease. |
| Anaplasma Marginale 3 | XTRA | 1029.43,1046.02,1050.99,12978.12,13187.5,13250 | Species of Rickettsia bacteria. Tick-borne. Involved in Lyme Disease. |
| Anaplasmosis | ETDF | 100,240,800,15200,32500,97500,322060,377910,492500,723000 | Condition caused by anaplasma (Rickettsia bacteria). Involved in Lyme Disease. Encyclopedia Entry for Anaplasmosis : Anaplasmosis. Source of disease: Anaplasma species |
| Ancylostoma Braziliense | HC | 397600-403250 | Hookworm in dogs and cats. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Braziliense | XTRA | 985.54,993.98,999.55,12425,12531.25,12601.55 | Hookworm in dogs and cats. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Caninum 1 | XTRA | 949.61,991.5,998.69,11971.87,12500,12590.62 | Hookworm in dogs. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Caninum 2 | XTRA | 949.61,974.14,998.69,11971.87,12281.25,12590.62 | Hookworm in dogs. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Caninum 3 | XTRA | 949.61,956.79,998.69,11971.87,12062.5,12590.62 | Hookworm in dogs. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Caninum_1 | HC | 383100-402900 | Hookworm in dogs. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. |
| Ancylostoma Caninum_2 | HC | 393000 | Hookworm in dogs. Can cause Cutaneous Larval Migration in humans. See Hookworm, Creeping Eruption, and Larva Migrans. Other use: adenovirus. |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome | ETDF | 60,7500,67500,95000,376290,475050,527000,665340,761850,987230 | Impairs male sexual development. Encyclopedia Entry for Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome : Androgen insensitivity syndrome. AIS is caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome. These defects make the body unable to respond to the hormones that produce a male appearance. The syndrome is divided into two main categories: Complete AIS Incomplete AIS Complete androgen insensitivity prevents the penis and other male body parts from developing. At birth, the child looks like a girl. The complete form of the syndrome occurs in as many as 1 in 20,000 live births. In incomplete AIS, people have different numbers of male traits. Incomplete AIS can include other disorders, such as: Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum after birth Hypospadias , a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, instead of at the tip Reifenstein syndrome (also known as Gilbert-Dreyfus syndrome or Lubs syndrome) Infertile male syndrome is also considered to be part of incomplete AIS. A person with complete AIS appears to be female but has no uterus, and has very little armpit and pubic hair. At puberty, female sex characteristics (such as breasts) develop. However, the person does not menstruate and become fertile. People with incomplete AIS may have both male and female physical characteristics. Many have partial closing of the outer vagina, an enlarged clitoris, and a short vagina. There may be: A vagina but no cervix or uterus Inguinal hernia with testes that can be felt during a physical exam Normal female breasts Testes in the abdomen or other atypical places in the body. Complete AIS is rarely discovered during childhood. Sometimes, a growth is felt in the abdomen or groin that turns out to be a testicle when it is explored with surgery. Most people with this condition are not diagnosed until they DO NOT get a menstrual period or they have trouble getting pregnant. Incomplete AIS is often discovered during childhood because the person may have both male and female physical traits. Tests used to diagnose this condition may include: Blood work to check levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Genetic testing (karyotype) to determine the person's genetic makeup Pelvic ultrasound Other blood tests may be done to help tell the difference between AIS and androgen deficiency. Testicles that are in the wrong place may not be removed until a child finishes growing and goes through puberty. At this time, the testes may be removed because they can develop cancer, just like any undescended testicle. Estrogen replacement is prescribed after puberty. Treatment and gender assignment can be a very complex issue, and must be targeted to each individual person. The outlook for complete AIS is good if the testicle tissue is removed at the right time. The outlook for incomplete AIS depends on the appearance of the genitals. Complications include: Infertility Psychological and social issues Testicular cancer. Call your health care provider if you or your child has signs or symptoms of the syndrome. Testicular feminization. Male reproductive anatomy Male reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Female reproductive anatomy Karyotyping Karyotyping. Achermann JC, Hughes IA. Pediatric disorders of sex development. |
| Anemia | ETDF | 80,550,5970,23000,50500,80500,97530,210500,533210,909260 | Deficiency of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Blood Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia caused by low iron - children. Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. The body gets iron through certain foods. It also reuses iron from old red blood cells. A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause of this type of anemia in children. When a child is growing rapidly, such as during puberty, even more iron is needed. Toddlers who drink too much cow's milk may also become anemic if they are not eating other healthy foods that have iron. Other causes may be: The body is not able to absorb iron well, even though the child is eating enough iron. Slow blood loss over a long period, often due to menstrual periods or bleeding in the digestive tract. Iron deficiency in children can also be related to lead poisoning. Mild anemia may have no symptoms. As the iron level and blood counts become lower, your child may: Act irritable Become short of breath Crave unusual foods (pica) Eat less food Feel tired or weak all the time Have a sore tongue Have headaches or dizziness With more severe anemia, your child may have: Blue-tinged or very pale whites of eyes Brittle nails Pale skin. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Blood tests that may be abnormal with low iron stores include: Hematocrit Serum ferritin Serum iron Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) A measurement called iron saturation (serum iron level divided by the TIBC value) can help diagnose iron deficiency. A value of less than 15% supports the diagnosis. Since children only absorb a small amount of the iron they eat, most children need to have 3 mg to 6 mg of iron per day. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Good sources of iron include: Apricots Chicken, turkey, fish, and other meats Dried beans, lentils, and soybeans Eggs Liver Molasses Oatmeal Peanut butter Prune juice Raisins and prunes Spinach, kale and other green leafy vegetables If a healthy diet does not prevent or treat your child's low iron level and anemia, your provider will likely recommend iron supplements for your child. These are taken by mouth. DO NOT give your child iron supplements or vitamins with iron without checking with your child's provider. The provider will prescribe the right kind of supplement for your child. Too much iron in children can be toxic. With treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 to 3 months. It is important that the provider finds the cause of your child's iron deficiency. Anemia caused by a low iron level can affect a child's ability to learn in school. A low iron level can cause decreased attention span, reduced alertness, and learning problems in children. A low iron level can cause the body to absorb too much lead. Eating a variety of healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Anemia - iron deficiency - children. Hypochromia Hypochromia Formed elements of blood Formed elements of blood Hemoglobin Hemoglobin. Fleming MD. Disorders of iron and copper metabolism, the sideroblastic anemias, and lead toxicity. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia caused by low iron - infants and toddlers. Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. The body gets iron through certain foods. It also reuses iron from old red blood cells. A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause. During periods of rapid growth, even more iron is needed. Babies are born with iron stored in their bodies. Because they grow rapidly, infants and toddlers need to absorb a lot of iron each day. Iron deficiency anemia most commonly affects babies 9 through 24 months old. Breastfed babies need less iron because iron is absorbed better when it is in breast milk. Formula with iron added (iron fortified) also provides enough iron. Infants younger than 12 months who drink cow's milk rather than breast milk or iron-fortified formula are more likely to have anemia. Cow's milk leads to anemia because it: Has less iron Causes small amounts of blood loss from the intestines Makes it harder for the body to absorb iron Children older than 12 months who drink too much cow's milk may also have anemia if they do not eat enough other healthy foods that have iron. Mild anemia may have no symptoms. As the iron level and blood counts become lower, your infant or toddler may: Act irritable Become short of breath Crave unusual foods (called pica) Eat less food Feel tired or weak all the time Have a sore tongue Have headaches or dizziness With more severe anemia, your child may have: Blue-tinged or pale whites of eyes Brittle nails Pale skin color. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. All babies should have a blood test to check for anemia. Blood tests that measure iron level in the body include: Hematocrit Serum ferritin Serum iron Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) A measurement called iron saturation (serum iron/TIBC) often can show whether the child has enough iron in the body. Since children only absorb a small amount of the iron they eat, most children need to have 8 to 10 mg of iron per day. DIET AND IRON During the first year of life: Do not give your baby cow's milk until age 1 year. Babies under age 1 year have a difficult time digesting cow's milk. Use either breast milk or formula fortified with iron. After 6 months, your baby will start to need more iron in their diet. Start solid foods with iron-fortified baby cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. Iron-rich pureed meats, fruits, and vegetables can also be started. After age 1 year, you may give your baby whole milk in place of breast milk or formula. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Good sources of iron include: Apricots Chicken, turkey, fish, and other meats Dried beans, lentils, and soybeans Eggs Liver Molasses Oatmeal Peanut butter Prune juice Raisins and prunes Spinach, kale and other greens IRON SUPPLEMENTS If a healthy diet does not prevent or treat your child's low iron level and anemia, the provider will likely recommend iron supplements for your child. These are taken by mouth. Do not give your child iron supplements or vitamins with iron without checking with your child's provider. The provider will prescribe the right kind of supplement for your child. If your child takes too much iron, it can cause poisoning. With treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 months. It is important that the provider find the cause of your child's iron deficiency. A low iron level can cause decreased attention span, reduced alertness and learning problems in children. A low iron level can cause the body to absorb too much lead. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Anemia - iron deficiency - infants and toddlers. Baker RD, Baker SS. Infant and toddler nutrition. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia of chronic disease. Anemia is a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells in the blood. ACD is a common cause of anemia. Some conditions that can lead to ACD include: Autoimmune disorders , such as Crohn disease , systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , and ulcerative colitis Cancer , including lymphoma and Hodgkin disease Long-term infections, such as bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis (bone infection), HIV/AIDS , lung abscess, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Anemia of chronic disease is often mild. You may not notice any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include: Feeling weak or tired Headache Paleness Shortness of breath. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Anemia may be the first symptom of a serious illness, so finding its cause is very important. Tests that may be done to diagnose anemia or rule out other causes include: Complete blood count Reticulocyte count Serum ferritin level Serum iron level Bone marrow examination (in rare cases to rule out cancer). Anemia is often mild enough that it does not need treatment. It may get better when the disease that is causing it is treated. More severe anemia, such as that caused by chronic kidney disease, cancer, or HIV/AIDS may require: Blood transfusion Iron given through a vein Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, given as a shot. The anemia will improve when the disease that is causing it is treated. Discomfort from symptoms is the main complication in most cases. Anemia may lead to a higher risk for death in people with heart failure. Call your provider if you have a long-term (chronic) disorder and you develop symptoms of anemia. Anemia of inflammation; Inflammatory anemia; AOCD; ACD. Blood cells Blood cells. Bunn HF. Approach to the anemias. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia. Although many parts of the body help make red blood cells, most of the work is done in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form all blood cells. Healthy red blood cells last between 90 and 120 days. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells. A hormone called erythropoietin (epo) made in your kidneys signals your bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. It gives red blood cells their color. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin The body needs certain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to make enough red blood cells. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are three of the most important ones. The body may not have enough of these nutrients due to: Changes in the lining of the stomach or intestines affect how well nutrients are absorbed (for example, celiac disease ) Poor diet Surgery that removes part of the stomach or intestines Possible causes of anemia include: Iron deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Certain medicines Destruction of red blood cells earlier than normal (which may be caused by immune system problems) Long-term (chronic) diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis Some forms of anemia, such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, which can be inherited Pregnancy Problems with bone marrow such as lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multiple myeloma, or aplastic anemia Slow blood loss (for example, from heavy menstrual periods or stomach ulcers ) Sudden heavy blood loss. You may have no symptoms if the anemia is mild or if the problem develops slowly. Symptoms that may occur first include: Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise Headaches Problems concentrating or thinking Irritability Loss of appetite Numbness and tingling of hands and feet If the anemia gets worse, symptoms may include: Blue color to the whites of the eyes Brittle nails Desire to eat ice or other non-food things ( pica syndrome) Lightheadedness when you stand up Pale skin color Shortness of breath with mild activity or even at rest Sore or inflamed tongue Mouth ulcers Abnormal or increased menstrual bleeding in females Loss of sexual desire in men. The provider will perform a physical examination, and may find: A heart murmur Low blood pressure, especially when you stand up Slight fever Pale skin Rapid heart rate Some types of anemia may cause other findings on a physical exam. Blood tests used to diagnose some common types of anemia may include: Blood levels of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and other vitamins and minerals Complete blood count Reticulocyte count Other tests may be done to find medical problems that can cause anemia. Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia, and may include: Blood transfusions Corticosteroids or other medicines that suppress the immune system Erythropoietin, a medicine that helps your bone marrow make more blood cells Supplements of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or other vitamins and minerals. Severe anemia can cause low oxygen levels in vital organs such as the heart, and can lead to heart failure. Call your provider if you have any symptoms of anemia or unusual bleeding. Red blood cells, elliptocytosis Red blood cells, elliptocytosis Red blood cells, spherocytosis Red blood cells, spherocytosis Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Ovalocytoses Ovalocytoses Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer Red blood cells, sickle and Pappenheimer Red blood cells, target cells Red blood cells, target cells Hemoglobin Hemoglobin. Bunn HF. Approach to the anemias. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia Aplastic. Damages bone marrow and blood stem cells.It can be caused by Hepatitis B and C, Dengue, Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and HIV. Information from Marcello Allegretti. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia Iron-Deficiency. Decreased red blood cells and hemoglobin due to insufficient iron. It can be caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anemia | XTRA | 5000 | Deficiency of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Other uses: angina pectoris, bradycardia, endocarditis, stenosis, myocarditis, prostate, muscle repair, boils, eczema, mouth eruptions, complexion, brain cell energize, hematochromatosis, irritability, lactation problems, hereditary sex derangement. Blood Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia caused by low iron - children. Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. The body gets iron through certain foods. It also reuses iron from old red blood cells. A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause of this type of anemia in children. When a child is growing rapidly, such as during puberty, even more iron is needed. Toddlers who drink too much cow's milk may also become anemic if they are not eating other healthy foods that have iron. Other causes may be: The body is not able to absorb iron well, even though the child is eating enough iron. Slow blood loss over a long period, often due to menstrual periods or bleeding in the digestive tract. Iron deficiency in children can also be related to lead poisoning. Mild anemia may have no symptoms. As the iron level and blood counts become lower, your child may: Act irritable Become short of breath Crave unusual foods (pica) Eat less food Feel tired or weak all the time Have a sore tongue Have headaches or dizziness With more severe anemia, your child may have: Blue-tinged or very pale whites of eyes Brittle nails Pale skin. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Blood tests that may be abnormal with low iron stores include: Hematocrit Serum ferritin Serum iron Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) A measurement called iron saturation (serum iron level divided by the TIBC value) can help diagnose iron deficiency. A value of less than 15% supports the diagnosis. Since children only absorb a small amount of the iron they eat, most children need to have 3 mg to 6 mg of iron per day. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Good sources of iron include: Apricots Chicken, turkey, fish, and other meats Dried beans, lentils, and soybeans Eggs Liver Molasses Oatmeal Peanut butter Prune juice Raisins and prunes Spinach, kale and other green leafy vegetables If a healthy diet does not prevent or treat your child's low iron level and anemia, your provider will likely recommend iron supplements for your child. These are taken by mouth. DO NOT give your child iron supplements or vitamins with iron without checking with your child's provider. The provider will prescribe the right kind of supplement for your child. Too much iron in children can be toxic. With treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 to 3 months. It is important that the provider finds the cause of your child's iron deficiency. Anemia caused by a low iron level can affect a child's ability to learn in school. A low iron level can cause decreased attention span, reduced alertness, and learning problems in children. A low iron level can cause the body to absorb too much lead. Eating a variety of healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Anemia - iron deficiency - children. Hypochromia Hypochromia Formed elements of blood Formed elements of blood Hemoglobin Hemoglobin. Fleming MD. Disorders of iron and copper metabolism, the sideroblastic anemias, and lead toxicity. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia caused by low iron - infants and toddlers. Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. The body gets iron through certain foods. It also reuses iron from old red blood cells. A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause. During periods of rapid growth, even more iron is needed. Babies are born with iron stored in their bodies. Because they grow rapidly, infants and toddlers need to absorb a lot of iron each day. Iron deficiency anemia most commonly affects babies 9 through 24 months old. Breastfed babies need less iron because iron is absorbed better when it is in breast milk. Formula with iron added (iron fortified) also provides enough iron. Infants younger than 12 months who drink cow's milk rather than breast milk or iron-fortified formula are more likely to have anemia. Cow's milk leads to anemia because it: Has less iron Causes small amounts of blood loss from the intestines Makes it harder for the body to absorb iron Children older than 12 months who drink too much cow's milk may also have anemia if they do not eat enough other healthy foods that have iron. Mild anemia may have no symptoms. As the iron level and blood counts become lower, your infant or toddler may: Act irritable Become short of breath Crave unusual foods (called pica) Eat less food Feel tired or weak all the time Have a sore tongue Have headaches or dizziness With more severe anemia, your child may have: Blue-tinged or pale whites of eyes Brittle nails Pale skin color. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. All babies should have a blood test to check for anemia. Blood tests that measure iron level in the body include: Hematocrit Serum ferritin Serum iron Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) A measurement called iron saturation (serum iron/TIBC) often can show whether the child has enough iron in the body. Since children only absorb a small amount of the iron they eat, most children need to have 8 to 10 mg of iron per day. DIET AND IRON During the first year of life: Do not give your baby cow's milk until age 1 year. Babies under age 1 year have a difficult time digesting cow's milk. Use either breast milk or formula fortified with iron. After 6 months, your baby will start to need more iron in their diet. Start solid foods with iron-fortified baby cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. Iron-rich pureed meats, fruits, and vegetables can also be started. After age 1 year, you may give your baby whole milk in place of breast milk or formula. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Good sources of iron include: Apricots Chicken, turkey, fish, and other meats Dried beans, lentils, and soybeans Eggs Liver Molasses Oatmeal Peanut butter Prune juice Raisins and prunes Spinach, kale and other greens IRON SUPPLEMENTS If a healthy diet does not prevent or treat your child's low iron level and anemia, the provider will likely recommend iron supplements for your child. These are taken by mouth. Do not give your child iron supplements or vitamins with iron without checking with your child's provider. The provider will prescribe the right kind of supplement for your child. If your child takes too much iron, it can cause poisoning. With treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 months. It is important that the provider find the cause of your child's iron deficiency. A low iron level can cause decreased attention span, reduced alertness and learning problems in children. A low iron level can cause the body to absorb too much lead. Eating healthy foods is the most important way to prevent and treat iron deficiency. Anemia - iron deficiency - infants and toddlers. Baker RD, Baker SS. Infant and toddler nutrition. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia of chronic disease. Anemia is a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells in the blood. ACD is a common cause of anemia. Some conditions that can lead to ACD include: Autoimmune disorders , such as Crohn disease , systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , and ulcerative colitis Cancer , including lymphoma and Hodgkin disease Long-term infections, such as bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis (bone infection), HIV/AIDS , lung abscess, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Anemia of chronic disease is often mild. You may not notice any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include: Feeling weak or tired Headache Paleness Shortness of breath. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Anemia may be the first symptom of a serious illness, so finding its cause is very important. Tests that may be done to diagnose anemia or rule out other causes include: Complete blood count Reticulocyte count Serum ferritin level Serum iron level Bone marrow examination (in rare cases to rule out cancer). Anemia is often mild enough that it does not need treatment. It may get better when the disease that is causing it is treated. More severe anemia, such as that caused by chronic kidney disease, cancer, or HIV/AIDS may require: Blood transfusion Iron given through a vein Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, given as a shot. The anemia will improve when the disease that is causing it is treated. Discomfort from symptoms is the main complication in most cases. Anemia may lead to a higher risk for death in people with heart failure. Call your provider if you have a long-term (chronic) disorder and you develop symptoms of anemia. Anemia of inflammation; Inflammatory anemia; AOCD; ACD. Blood cells Blood cells. Bunn HF. Approach to the anemias. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia. Although many parts of the body help make red blood cells, most of the work is done in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form all blood cells. Healthy red blood cells last between 90 and 120 days. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells. A hormone called erythropoietin (epo) made in your kidneys signals your bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. It gives red blood cells their color. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin The body needs certain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to make enough red blood cells. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are three of the most important ones. The body may not have enough of these nutrients due to: Changes in the lining of the stomach or intestines affect how well nutrients are absorbed (for example, celiac disease ) Poor diet Surgery that removes part of the stomach or intestines Possible causes of anemia include: Iron deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Certain medicines Destruction of red blood cells earlier than normal (which may be caused by immune system problems) Long-term (chronic) diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis Some forms of anemia, such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, which can be inherited Pregnancy Problems with bone marrow such as lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multiple myeloma, or aplastic anemia Slow blood loss (for example, from heavy menstrual periods or stomach ulcers ) Sudden heavy blood loss. You may have no symptoms if the anemia is mild or if the problem develops slowly. Symptoms that may occur first include: Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise Headaches Problems concentrating or thinking Irritability Loss of appetite Numbness and tingling of hands and feet If the anemia gets worse, symptoms may include: Blue color to the whites of the eyes Brittle nails Desire to eat ice or other non-food things ( pica syndrome) Lightheadedness when you stand up Pale skin color Shortness of breath with mild activity or even at rest Sore or inflamed tongue Mouth ulcers Abnormal or increased menstrual bleeding in females Loss of sexual desire in men. The provider will perform a physical examination, and may find: A heart murmur Low blood pressure, especially when you stand up Slight fever Pale skin Rapid heart rate Some types of anemia may cause other findings on a physical exam. Blood tests used to diagnose some common types of anemia may include: Blood levels of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and other vitamins and minerals Complete blood count Reticulocyte count Other tests may be done to find medical problems that can cause anemia. Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia, and may include: Blood transfusions Corticosteroids or other medicines that suppress the immune system Erythropoietin, a medicine that helps your bone marrow make more blood cells Supplements of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or other vitamins and minerals. Severe anemia can cause low oxygen levels in vital organs such as the heart, and can lead to heart failure. Call your provider if you have any symptoms of anemia or unusual bleeding. Red blood cells, elliptocytosis Red blood cells, elliptocytosis Red blood cells, spherocytosis Red blood cells, spherocytosis Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Ovalocytoses Ovalocytoses Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer Red blood cells, sickle and Pappenheimer Red blood cells, target cells Red blood cells, target cells Hemoglobin Hemoglobin. Bunn HF. Approach to the anemias. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia Aplastic. Damages bone marrow and blood stem cells.It can be caused by Hepatitis B and C, Dengue, Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and HIV. Information from Marcello Allegretti. Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia : Anemia Iron-Deficiency. Decreased red blood cells and hemoglobin due to insufficient iron. It can be caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anemia Aplastic | ETDF | 650,7500,2500,62500,150000,319340,425330,571000,823000,937410 | Damages bone marrow and blood stem cells. Blood Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia Aplastic : Anemia Aplastic. Damages bone marrow and blood stem cells.It can be caused by Hepatitis B and C, Dengue, Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and HIV. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anemia Hemolytic | ETDF | 20,120,5160,62500,110250,332410,517500,684810,712230,992000 | Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. Blood |
| Anemia Iron-Deficiency | ETDF | 100,320,2500,57200,125000,175000,525710,682020,759830,932410 | Decreased red blood cells and hemoglobin due to insufficient iron. Blood Encyclopedia Entry for Anemia Iron-Deficiency : Anemia Iron-Deficiency. Decreased red blood cells and hemoglobin due to insufficient iron. It can be caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anemia Megaloblastic | ETDF | 110,300,370,93500,224370,376290,475050,527000,657110,753230 | Due to inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. Blood |
| Anencephaly | ETDF | 110,490,1000,2250,30000,97500,325710,342060,750000,934250 | Developmental disorder - absence of major portions of brain, skull, and scalp. Brain Encyclopedia Entry for Anencephaly : Anencephaly. Anencephaly is one of the most common neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are birth defects that affect the tissue that becomes the spinal cord and brain. Anencephaly occurs early in the development of an unborn baby. It results when the upper part of the neural tube fails to close. Why this happens is not known. Possible causes include environmental toxins and low intake of folic acid by the mother during pregnancy. The exact number of cases of anencephaly is unknown, because many of these pregnancies result in miscarriage. Having one infant with this condition increases the risk of having another child with neural tube defects. Symptoms of anencephaly are: Absence of the skull Absence of parts of the brain Facial feature abnormalities Heart defects. An ultrasound during pregnancy is done to confirm the diagnosis. The ultrasound may reveal too much fluid in the uterus. This condition is called polyhydramnios. The mother may also have these tests during pregnancy: Amniocentesis (to look for increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein ) Alpha-fetoprotein level (increased levels suggest a neural tube defect) Urine estriol level A pre-pregnancy serum folic acid test may also be done. There is no current treatment. Talk to your health care provider about care decisions. This condition most often causes death within a few days after birth. A provider usually detects this condition during routine prenatal testing and ultrasound. Otherwise, it is recognized at birth. If anencephaly is detected before birth, further counseling will be needed. There is good evidence that folic acid can help reduce the risk of certain birth defects, including anencephaly. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should take a multivitamin with folic acid every day. Many foods are now fortified with folic acid to help prevent these kinds of birth defects. Getting enough folic acid can cut the chance of neural tube defects in half. For specific recommendations, see folic acid (folate). Aprosencephaly with open cranium. Ultrasound, normal fetus - ventricles of brain Ultrasound, normal fetus - ventricles of brain. Finnell RH, George TM, Mitchell LE. Neural tube defects. |
| Aneurysm | CAFL | 880,787,760,727,465,125,95,72,444,1865,20,727 | Bulge in weak blood vessel wall. Veins Encyclopedia Entry for Aneurysm : Aneurysm in the brain. Aneurysms in the brain occur when there is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm may be present from birth (congenital). Or, it may develop later in life, such as after a blood vessel is injured. There are many types of brain aneurysms. The most common type is called a berry aneurysm. This type can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter. Giant berry aneurysms can be bigger than 2.5 centimeters. These are more common in adults. Berry aneurysms are passed down through families more often than other types of aneurysms. Cerebral aneurysm Watch this video about: Cerebral aneurysm Other types of cerebral aneurysms involve widening of an entire blood vessel. Or, they may appear as a ballooning out of part of a blood vessel. Such aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel that supplies the brain. Hardening of arteries ( atherosclerosis ), trauma, and infection can all injure the blood vessel wall and cause cerebral aneurysms. About 5% of people have a brain aneurysm, but only a small number of these aneurysms cause symptoms or rupture. Risk factors include: Family history of cerebral aneurysms Medical problems such as polycystic kidney disease , coarctation of the aorta , and endocarditis High blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, and illegal drug use. A person may have an aneurysm without having any symptoms. This kind of aneurysm may be found when an MRI or CT scan of the brain is done for another reason. A brain aneurysm may begin to leak a small amount of blood. This may cause a severe headache that a person may describe as 'the worst headache of my life.' It may be called a thunderclap or sentinel headache. This means the headache could be a warning sign of a future rupture that may occur days to weeks after the headache first started. Symptoms may also occur if the aneurysm pushes on nearby structures in the brain or breaks open (ruptures) and causes bleeding into the brain. Symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm, whether it breaks open, and what part of the brain it is pushing on. Symptoms may include: Double vision Loss of vision Headaches Eye pain Neck pain Stiff neck Ringing in the ears A sudden, severe headache is one symptom of an aneurysm that has ruptured. Other symptoms of an aneurysm rupture may include: Confusion, no energy , sleepiness , or stupor Eyelid drooping Headaches with nausea or vomiting Muscle weakness or difficulty moving any part of the body Numbness or decreased sensation in any part of the body Problems speaking Seizures Stiff neck (occasionally) Vision changes (double vision, loss of vision) NOTE: A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emergency. Call your local emergency number, such as 911. An eye exam may show signs of increased pressure in the brain, including swelling of the optic nerve or bleeding into the retina of the eye. A brain and nervous system exam may show abnormal eye movement, speech, strength, or sensation. The following tests may be used to diagnose a cerebral aneurysm and determine the cause of bleeding in the brain: Cerebral angiography or spiral CT scan angiography of the head to show the location and size of the aneurysm Spinal tap CT scan of the head EEG MRI of the head or MRI angiogram. Two common methods are used to repair an aneurysm that has not yet ruptured: Clipping is done during open brain surgery (craniotomy). Endovascular repair is most often done. It usually involves a coil or coiling. This is a less invasive way to treat some aneurysms. Not all aneurysms need to be treated right away. Those that are very small (less than 3 mm) are less likely to break open. Your provider will help you decide whether or not it is safer to have surgery to block off the aneurysm before it can break open. Sometimes people are too ill to have surgery, or it may be too dangerous to treat the aneurysm because of its location. A ruptured aneurysm is an emergency that needs to be treated right away. Treatment may involve: Being admitted to the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) Complete bed rest and activity restrictions Drainage of blood from the brain area (cerebral ventricular drainage) Drugs to prevent seizures Drugs to control headaches and blood pressure Drugs through a vein (IV) to prevent infection Once the aneurysm is repaired, treatment may be needed to prevent a stroke from a blood vessel spasm. How well you do depends on many things. People who are in a deep coma after an aneurysm rupture do not do as well as those with less severe symptoms. Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are often deadly. Of those who survive, very few have some sort of permanent disability. Complications of aneurysm in the brain may include: Increased pressure inside the skull Loss of movement in one or more parts of the body Loss of sensation of any part of the face or body Seizures Stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other nervous system symptom. Also call if you have a headache that is unusual for you, especially if it is severe or your worst headache ever. There is no known way to prevent a berry aneurysm from forming. Treating high blood pressure may reduce the chance that an existing aneurysm will rupture. Controlling risk factors for atherosclerosis may reduce the likelihood of some types of aneurysms. People who are known to have an aneurysm may need regular doctor visits to make sure the aneurysm is not changing size or shape. If unruptured aneurysms are discovered in time, they can be treated before causing problems. The decision to repair an unruptured cerebral aneurysm is based on the size and location of the aneurysm, and the person's age and general health. Aneurysm - cerebral; Cerebral aneurysm; Aneurysm - intracranial. Brain aneurysm repair - discharge Headache - what to ask your doctor. Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm. Bowles E. Cerebral aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nursing Standard. 2014;28(34):52-59. journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/cerebral-aneurysm-and-aneurysmal-subarachnoid-haemorrhage-ns2014.04.28.34.52.e8694. Accessed July 19, 2016. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Cerebral aneurysms fact sheet. Updated December 20, 2016. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Cerebral-Aneurysms-Fact-Sheet. Accessed June 12, 2017. Szeder V, Tateshima S, Duckwiler GR. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Encyclopedia Entry for Aneurysm : Aneurysm. It is not clear exactly what causes aneurysms. Some aneurysms are present at birth (congenital). Defects in some parts of the artery wall may be a cause. Common locations for aneurysms include: Major artery from the heart (the aorta ) Brain ( cerebral aneurysm ) Behind the knee in the leg (popliteal artery aneurysm) Intestine (mesenteric artery aneurysm) Artery in the spleen (splenic artery aneurysm) High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking may raise your risk for certain types of aneurysms. High blood pressure is thought to play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerotic disease (cholesterol buildup in arteries) may also lead to the formation of some aneurysms. Pregnancy is often linked to the formation and rupture of splenic artery aneurysms. The symptoms depend on where the aneurysm is located. If the aneurysm occurs near the body's surface, pain and swelling with a throbbing lump is often seen. Aneurysms in the body or brain often cause no symptoms. Aneurysms in the brain may expand without breaking open (rupturing). The expanded aneurysm may press on nerves and cause double vision, dizziness, or headaches. Some aneurysms may cause ringing in the ears. If an aneurysm ruptures, pain, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness may occur. When a brain aneurysm ruptures, there is a sudden severe headache that some people say is the 'worst headache of my life.' The risk of death after a rupture is high. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests used to diagnose an aneurysm include: CT scan Ultrasound Angiogram. Treatment depends on the size and location of the aneurysm. Your doctor may only recommend regular checkups to see if the aneurysm is growing. Surgery may be done. The type of surgery that is done and when you need it depend on your symptoms and the size and type of aneurysm. Surgery may involve a large (open) surgical cut. Sometimes, a procedure called endovascular embolization is done. Coils of metal are inserted into a brain aneurysm to make the aneurysm clot and reduce the risk of rupture. Other brain aneurysms may need to have a clip placed on them to close them off and prevent a rupture. Aneurysms of the aorta may be reinforced with surgery to strengthen the blood vessel wall. Call your provider if you develop a lump on your body, whether or not it is painful and throbbing. With an aortic aneurysm, go to the emergency room or call 911 if you have pain in your belly or back that is very bad or does not go away. With a brain aneurysm, go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other nervous system symptom. Controlling high blood pressure may help prevent some aneurysms. Follow a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and keep your cholesterol at a healthy level to also help prevent aneurysms or their complications. DO NOT smoke. If you do smoke, quitting will lower your risk of an aneurysm. Aneurysm - splenic artery; Aneurysm - popliteal artery; Aneurysm - mesenteric artery. Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Aortic aneurysm Aortic aneurysm Intracerebellar hemorrhage - CT scan Intracerebellar hemorrhage - CT scan. Airhart N, Curci JA. Arterial aneurysms. |
| Aneurysm | ETDF | 150,780,2500,67500,222530,458500,518920,688290,712810,997870 | Bulge in weak blood vessel wall. Encyclopedia Entry for Aneurysm : Aneurysm in the brain. Aneurysms in the brain occur when there is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm may be present from birth (congenital). Or, it may develop later in life, such as after a blood vessel is injured. There are many types of brain aneurysms. The most common type is called a berry aneurysm. This type can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter. Giant berry aneurysms can be bigger than 2.5 centimeters. These are more common in adults. Berry aneurysms are passed down through families more often than other types of aneurysms. Cerebral aneurysm Watch this video about: Cerebral aneurysm Other types of cerebral aneurysms involve widening of an entire blood vessel. Or, they may appear as a ballooning out of part of a blood vessel. Such aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel that supplies the brain. Hardening of arteries ( atherosclerosis ), trauma, and infection can all injure the blood vessel wall and cause cerebral aneurysms. About 5% of people have a brain aneurysm, but only a small number of these aneurysms cause symptoms or rupture. Risk factors include: Family history of cerebral aneurysms Medical problems such as polycystic kidney disease , coarctation of the aorta , and endocarditis High blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, and illegal drug use. A person may have an aneurysm without having any symptoms. This kind of aneurysm may be found when an MRI or CT scan of the brain is done for another reason. A brain aneurysm may begin to leak a small amount of blood. This may cause a severe headache that a person may describe as 'the worst headache of my life.' It may be called a thunderclap or sentinel headache. This means the headache could be a warning sign of a future rupture that may occur days to weeks after the headache first started. Symptoms may also occur if the aneurysm pushes on nearby structures in the brain or breaks open (ruptures) and causes bleeding into the brain. Symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm, whether it breaks open, and what part of the brain it is pushing on. Symptoms may include: Double vision Loss of vision Headaches Eye pain Neck pain Stiff neck Ringing in the ears A sudden, severe headache is one symptom of an aneurysm that has ruptured. Other symptoms of an aneurysm rupture may include: Confusion, no energy , sleepiness , or stupor Eyelid drooping Headaches with nausea or vomiting Muscle weakness or difficulty moving any part of the body Numbness or decreased sensation in any part of the body Problems speaking Seizures Stiff neck (occasionally) Vision changes (double vision, loss of vision) NOTE: A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emergency. Call your local emergency number, such as 911. An eye exam may show signs of increased pressure in the brain, including swelling of the optic nerve or bleeding into the retina of the eye. A brain and nervous system exam may show abnormal eye movement, speech, strength, or sensation. The following tests may be used to diagnose a cerebral aneurysm and determine the cause of bleeding in the brain: Cerebral angiography or spiral CT scan angiography of the head to show the location and size of the aneurysm Spinal tap CT scan of the head EEG MRI of the head or MRI angiogram. Two common methods are used to repair an aneurysm that has not yet ruptured: Clipping is done during open brain surgery (craniotomy). Endovascular repair is most often done. It usually involves a coil or coiling. This is a less invasive way to treat some aneurysms. Not all aneurysms need to be treated right away. Those that are very small (less than 3 mm) are less likely to break open. Your provider will help you decide whether or not it is safer to have surgery to block off the aneurysm before it can break open. Sometimes people are too ill to have surgery, or it may be too dangerous to treat the aneurysm because of its location. A ruptured aneurysm is an emergency that needs to be treated right away. Treatment may involve: Being admitted to the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) Complete bed rest and activity restrictions Drainage of blood from the brain area (cerebral ventricular drainage) Drugs to prevent seizures Drugs to control headaches and blood pressure Drugs through a vein (IV) to prevent infection Once the aneurysm is repaired, treatment may be needed to prevent a stroke from a blood vessel spasm. How well you do depends on many things. People who are in a deep coma after an aneurysm rupture do not do as well as those with less severe symptoms. Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are often deadly. Of those who survive, very few have some sort of permanent disability. Complications of aneurysm in the brain may include: Increased pressure inside the skull Loss of movement in one or more parts of the body Loss of sensation of any part of the face or body Seizures Stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other nervous system symptom. Also call if you have a headache that is unusual for you, especially if it is severe or your worst headache ever. There is no known way to prevent a berry aneurysm from forming. Treating high blood pressure may reduce the chance that an existing aneurysm will rupture. Controlling risk factors for atherosclerosis may reduce the likelihood of some types of aneurysms. People who are known to have an aneurysm may need regular doctor visits to make sure the aneurysm is not changing size or shape. If unruptured aneurysms are discovered in time, they can be treated before causing problems. The decision to repair an unruptured cerebral aneurysm is based on the size and location of the aneurysm, and the person's age and general health. Aneurysm - cerebral; Cerebral aneurysm; Aneurysm - intracranial. Brain aneurysm repair - discharge Headache - what to ask your doctor. Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm. Bowles E. Cerebral aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nursing Standard. 2014;28(34):52-59. journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/cerebral-aneurysm-and-aneurysmal-subarachnoid-haemorrhage-ns2014.04.28.34.52.e8694. Accessed July 19, 2016. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Cerebral aneurysms fact sheet. Updated December 20, 2016. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Cerebral-Aneurysms-Fact-Sheet. Accessed June 12, 2017. Szeder V, Tateshima S, Duckwiler GR. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Encyclopedia Entry for Aneurysm : Aneurysm. It is not clear exactly what causes aneurysms. Some aneurysms are present at birth (congenital). Defects in some parts of the artery wall may be a cause. Common locations for aneurysms include: Major artery from the heart (the aorta ) Brain ( cerebral aneurysm ) Behind the knee in the leg (popliteal artery aneurysm) Intestine (mesenteric artery aneurysm) Artery in the spleen (splenic artery aneurysm) High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking may raise your risk for certain types of aneurysms. High blood pressure is thought to play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerotic disease (cholesterol buildup in arteries) may also lead to the formation of some aneurysms. Pregnancy is often linked to the formation and rupture of splenic artery aneurysms. The symptoms depend on where the aneurysm is located. If the aneurysm occurs near the body's surface, pain and swelling with a throbbing lump is often seen. Aneurysms in the body or brain often cause no symptoms. Aneurysms in the brain may expand without breaking open (rupturing). The expanded aneurysm may press on nerves and cause double vision, dizziness, or headaches. Some aneurysms may cause ringing in the ears. If an aneurysm ruptures, pain, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness may occur. When a brain aneurysm ruptures, there is a sudden severe headache that some people say is the 'worst headache of my life.' The risk of death after a rupture is high. The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests used to diagnose an aneurysm include: CT scan Ultrasound Angiogram. Treatment depends on the size and location of the aneurysm. Your doctor may only recommend regular checkups to see if the aneurysm is growing. Surgery may be done. The type of surgery that is done and when you need it depend on your symptoms and the size and type of aneurysm. Surgery may involve a large (open) surgical cut. Sometimes, a procedure called endovascular embolization is done. Coils of metal are inserted into a brain aneurysm to make the aneurysm clot and reduce the risk of rupture. Other brain aneurysms may need to have a clip placed on them to close them off and prevent a rupture. Aneurysms of the aorta may be reinforced with surgery to strengthen the blood vessel wall. Call your provider if you develop a lump on your body, whether or not it is painful and throbbing. With an aortic aneurysm, go to the emergency room or call 911 if you have pain in your belly or back that is very bad or does not go away. With a brain aneurysm, go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other nervous system symptom. Controlling high blood pressure may help prevent some aneurysms. Follow a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and keep your cholesterol at a healthy level to also help prevent aneurysms or their complications. DO NOT smoke. If you do smoke, quitting will lower your risk of an aneurysm. Aneurysm - splenic artery; Aneurysm - popliteal artery; Aneurysm - mesenteric artery. Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Aortic aneurysm Aortic aneurysm Intracerebellar hemorrhage - CT scan Intracerebellar hemorrhage - CT scan. Airhart N, Curci JA. Arterial aneurysms. |
| Angelman Syndrome | ETDF | 200,7500,27500,95330,375160,419340,567700,642060,980000 | Neuro-genetic disorder with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Encyclopedia Entry for Angelman Syndrome : Angelman syndrome. This condition involves the gene UBE3A. Most genes come in pairs. Children receive one from each parent. In most cases, both genes are active. This means information from both genes is used by the cells. With the UBE3A gene, both parents pass it on, but only the gene passed on from the mother is active. Angelman syndrome most often occurs because UBE3A passed on from the mother doesn't work the way it should. In some cases, AS is caused when two copies of UBE3A gene come from the father, and none come from the mother. This means neither gene is active, because they both come from the father. In newborns and infants: Loss of muscle tone (floppiness) Trouble feeding Heartburn (acid reflux) Trembling arm and leg movements In toddlers and older children: Unstable or jerky walking Little or no speech Happy, excitable personality Laughing and smiling often Light hair, skin, and eye color compared to rest of family Small head size compared to body, flattened back of head Severe intellectual disability Seizures Excessive movement of the hands and limbs Sleep problems Tongue thrusting, drooling Unusual chewing and mouthing movements Crossed eyes Walking with arms uplifted and hands waving Most children with this disorder don't show symptoms until about 6 to 12 months. This is when parents may notice a delay in their child's development, such as not crawling or starting to talk. Children between 2 and 5 years of age start to show symptoms such as jerky walking, happy personality, laughing often, no speech, and intellectual problems. Genetic tests may diagnose Angelman syndrome. These tests look for: Missing pieces of chromosomes DNA test to see if copies of the gene from both parents are in an inactive or active state Gene mutation in the mother's copy of the gene Other tests may include: Brain MRI EEG. There is no cure for Angelman syndrome. Treatment helps to manage health and development problems caused by the condition. Anticonvulsant medicines help control seizures Behavior therapy helps manage hyperactivity, sleep problems, and development problems Occupational and speech therapy manage speech problems and teach living skills Physical therapy helps with walking and movement problems. Angelman Syndrome Foundation: www.angelman.org ASSERT: www.angelmanuk.org. People with AS live close to a normal lifespan. Many have friendships and interact socially. Treatment helps improve function. People with AS can't live on their own. However, they may be able to learn certain tasks and live with others in a supervised group home. Complications may include: Severe seizures Gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn) Scoliosis (curved spine) Accidental injury due to uncontrolled movements. Call your health care provider if your child has symptoms of this condition. There is no way to prevent Angelman syndrome. If you have a child with AS or a family history of the condition, you may want to talk with your provider before becoming pregnant. Dagli AI, Mueller J, Williams CA. Angelman syndrome. GeneReviews. Seattle, WA: University of Washington; 2015:5. PMID: 20301323 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301323. Accessed August 1, 2017. Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. The chromosomal and genomic basis of disease: disorders of the autosomes and sex chromosomes. |
| Anger and Irritability | CAFL | 3.6,6.3 | Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment.The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli. It is usually used to refer to anger or frustration. In individuals with autism disorder for example, they tend to be marked by aggression patterns. Irritability can be a growing response to the objective stimuli of hunger or thirst in animals or humans which then reaches some level of awareness of that need. Irritability may be demonstrated in behavioral responses to both physiological and behavioral stimuli including environmental, situational, sociological, and emotional stimuli. The emotion, anger, also known as wrath or rage, is an intense emotional state. It involves a strong uncomfortable and hostile response to a perceived provocation, hurt or threat. A person experiencing anger will often experience physical conditions, such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline.Some view anger as an emotion which triggers part of the fight or flight brain response. Anger becomes the predominant feeling behaviorally, cognitively, and physiologically when a person makes the conscious choice to take action to immediately stop the threatening behavior of another outside force.The English term originally comes from the term anger of Old Norse language. Anger can have many physical and mental consequences. The external expression of anger can be found in facial expressions, body language, physiological responses, and at times public acts of aggression. Facial expressions can range from inward angling of the eyebrows to a full frown. While most of those who experience anger explain its arousal as a result of 'what has happened to them,' psychologists point out that an angry person can very well be mistaken because anger causes a loss in self-monitoring capacity and objective observability. Modern psychologists view anger as a primary, natural, and mature emotion experienced by virtually all humans at times, and as something that has functional value for survival. Uncontrolled anger can, however, negatively affect personal or social well-being and impact negatively on those around them. While many philosophers and writers have warned against the spontaneous and uncontrolled fits of anger, there has been disagreement over the intrinsic value of anger. The issue of dealing with anger has been written about since the times of the earliest philosophers, but modern psychologists, in contrast to earlier writers, have also pointed out the possible harmful effects of suppressing anger. Mind |
| Angina | CAFL | 787,776,727,465,428,660 | Chest pain indicative of cardiac problems. Heart Encyclopedia Entry for Angina : Angina - discharge. You were having angina. Angina is chest pain, chest pressure, often associated with shortness of breath. You had this problem when your heart was not getting enough blood and oxygen. You may not have had a heart attack. You may feel sad. You may feel anxious and that you have to be very careful about what you do. All of these feelings are normal. They go away for most people after 2 or 3 weeks. You may also feel tired when you leave the hospital. You should feel better and have more energy 5 weeks after you are discharged from the hospital. Know the signs and symptoms of angina: You may feel pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in your chest. You may also have pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in your arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. Some people may feel discomfort in their back, shoulders, and stomach area. You may have indigestion or feel sick to your stomach. You may feel tired and be short of breath, sweaty, lightheaded, or weak. You may have these symptoms during physical activity, such as climbing stairs, walking uphill, lifting, and engaging in sexual activity. You may have symptoms more often in cold weather. You can also have symptoms when you are resting, or when wake you up from your sleep. Ask your health care provider how to treat your chest pain when it happens. Take it easy at first. You should be able to talk easily when you are doing any activity. If you cannot, stop the activity. Ask your provider about returning to work. You may need to work less, at least for a while. If heavy lifting or hard manual labor is part of your job, you may need to change the kind of work you do. Your provider may refer you to a cardiac rehabilitation program. This will help you learn how to slowly increase your exercise. You will also learn how to take care of your heart disease. Try to limit how much alcohol you drink. Ask your provider when it is OK to drink, and how much is safe. DO NOT smoke cigarettes. If you do smoke, ask your provider for help quitting. DO NOT let anyone smoke in your home. Learn more about what you should eat for a healthier heart and blood vessels. Avoid salty and fatty foods. Stay away from fast-food restaurants. Your provider can refer you to a dietitian, who can help you plan a healthy diet. Healthy diet Try to avoid stressful situations. If you feel stressed or sad, tell your provider. They can refer you to a counselor. Ask your provider about sexual activity. Men should not take medicines or any herbal supplements for erection problems without checking with their provider first. These drugs are not safe when used with nitroglycerin. Have all of your prescriptions filled before you go home. You should take your drugs the way you have been told. Ask your provider if you can still take other prescription drugs, herbs, or supplements you have been taking. Take your drugs with water or juice. DO NOT drink grapefruit juice (or eat grapefruit), since these foods may change how your body absorbs certain medicines. Ask your provider or pharmacist about this. People who have angina often receive the drugs below. But sometimes these drugs may not be safe to take. Talk with your provider if you are not already taking one of these drugs: Antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners), such as aspirin , clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Efient), or ticagrelor (Brilinta) Other medicines, such as warfarin (Coumadin), to help keep your blood from clotting Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitor medicines, to help protect your heart Statins or other drugs to lower your cholesterol Never just stop taking any of these drugs. DO NOT stop taking any other drugs you may be taking for diabetes, high blood pressure, or any other medical problems. If you are taking a blood thinner, you may need to have extra blood tests to make sure your dose is correct. Call your provider if you feel: Pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness in the chest, arm, neck, or jaw Shortness of breath Gas pains or indigestion Numbness in your arms Sweaty, or if you lose color Lightheaded Changes in your angina may mean your heart disease is getting worse. Call your provider if your angina: Becomes stronger Occurs more often Lasts longer Occurs when you are not active or when you are resting If drugs do not help ease your angina symptoms as well as they used to. Chest pain - discharge; Stable angina - discharge; Chronic angina - discharge; Variant angina - discharge; Angina pectoris - discharge; Accelerating angina - discharge; New-onset angina - discharge; Angina-unstable - discharge; Progressive angina - discharge; Angina-stable - discharge; Angina-chronic - discharge; Angina-variant - discharge; Prinzmetal angina - discharge. Healthy diet Healthy diet. Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139-e228. PMID: 25260718 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126(25):e354-e471. PMID: 23166211 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23166211. O Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):529-555. PMID: 23247303 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247303. Sabatine M, Cannon CP. Approach to the patient with chest pain. Encyclopedia Entry for Angina : Angina - what to ask your doctor. What are the signs and symptoms that I am having angina? Will I always have the same symptoms? What are the activities that can cause me to have angina? How should I treat my chest pain, or angina, when it happens? When should I call the doctor? When should I call 911? How much exercise or activity can I do? Do I need to have a stress test first? Is it safe for me to exercise on my own? Where should I exercise, inside or outside? Which activities are better to start with? Are there activities or exercises that are not safe for me? How long and how hard can I exercise? When can I return to work? Are there limits to what I can do at work? What should I do if I feel sad or very worried about my heart disease? How can I change the way I live to make my heart stronger? What is a heart-healthy diet? Is it OK to ever eat something that is not heart healthy? What are some ways to eat healthy when I go to a restaurant? Is it OK to drink any alcohol? Is it OK to be around other people who are smoking? Is my blood pressure normal? What is my cholesterol and do I need to take medicines for it? Is it OK to be sexually active? Is it safe to use sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), or tadalafil (Cialis)? What medicines am I taking to treat or prevent angina? Do they have any side effects? What should I do if I miss a dose? Is it ever safe to stop any of these medicines on my own? If I am taking aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta), prasugrel (Effient), or another blood thinner, is it OK to take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), or other pain medicines? It is OK to take omeprazole (Prilosec) or other medicines for heartburn?. What to ask your doctor about angina and heart disease; Coronary artery disease - what to ask your doctor. Fihn SD, Blankenship JC, Alexander KP, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS focused update of the guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(18):1929-1949. PMID: 25077860 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077860. Morrow DA, Boden WE. Stable ischemic heart disease. Encyclopedia Entry for Angina : Angina - when you have chest pain. You may feel pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in your chest. You may also have pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in your arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. Some people may have different symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, and back, arm, or neck pain. This applies especially to women, older people, and people with diabetes. You may also have indigestion or be sick to your stomach. You may feel tired. You may be short of breath, sweaty, lightheaded, or weak. Most times, people have angina when they are exposed to cold weather. People also feel it during physical activity. Examples are climbing stairs, walking uphill, lifting something heavy, or having sex. Sit, stay calm, and rest. Your symptoms will often go away soon after you stop activity. If you are lying down, sit up in bed. Try deep breathing to help with the stress or anxiety. If you do not have nitroglycerin and your symptoms are not gone after resting for 5 minutes, call 9-1-1 right away. Your health care provider may have prescribed nitroglycerin tablets or spray for severe attacks. Sit or lie down when you use your tablets or spray. When using your tablet, place the pill between your cheek and gum. You can also put it under your tongue. Allow it to dissolve. DO NOT swallow it. When using your spray, do not shake the container. Hold the container close to your open mouth. Spray the medicine onto or under your tongue. DO NOT inhale or swallow the medicine. Wait for 5 minutes after the first dose of nitroglycerin. If your symptoms are not better, are worse, or return after going away, call 9-1-1 right away. The operator who answers will give you further advice about what to do. (Note: your provider may have given you different advice about taking nitroglycerin when you have chest pain or pressure. Some people will be told to try 3 nitroglycerin doses five minutes apart before calling 9-1-1.) DO NOT smoke, eat, or drink for 5 to 10 minutes after taking nitroglycerin. If you do smoke, you should try to quit. Your provider can help. After your symptoms have gone away, write down a few details about the event. Write down: What time of day the event took place What you were doing at the time How long the pain lasted What the pain felt like What you did to relieve your pain Ask yourself some questions: Did you take all of your regular heart medicines the right way before you had symptoms? Were you more active than normal? Did you just have a large meal? Share this information with your provider at your regular visits. Try not to do activities that strain your heart. Your provider may prescribe medicine for you to take before an activity. This can prevent symptoms. Call 9-1-1 if your angina pain: Is not better 5 minutes after taking nitroglycerin Does not go away after 3 doses of the medicine (or as directed by your provider) Is getting worse Returns after the medicine had helped Also call your provider if: You are having symptoms more often. You are having angina when you are sitting quietly or are not active. This is called rest angina. You are feeling tired more often. You are feeling faint or lightheaded. Your heart is beating very slowly (less than 60 beats a minute) or very fast (more than 120 beats a minute), or it is not steady. You are having trouble taking your heart medicines. You have any other unusual symptoms. Acute coronary syndrome - chest pain; Coronary artery disease - chest pain; CAD - chest pain; Coronary heart disease - chest pain; ACS - chest pain; Heart attack - chest pain; Myocardial infarction - chest pain; MI - chest pain. Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139-e228. PMID: 25260718 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012;126(25):e354 e471. PMID: 23166211 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23166211. O Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):529-555. PMID: 23247303 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247303. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP. Approach to the patient with chest pain. Encyclopedia Entry for Angina : Angina. Angina - discharge Angioplasty and stent - heart - discharge Antiplatelet drugs - P2Y12 inhibitors Aspirin and heart disease Being active after your heart attack Being active when you have heart disease Butter, margarine, and cooking oils Cardiac catheterization - discharge Cholesterol - drug treatment Controlling your high blood pressure Dietary fats explained Fast food tips Heart bypass surgery - discharge Heart bypass surgery - minimally invasive - discharge Heart disease - risk factors Heart failure - discharge Heart failure - home monitoring Low-salt diet Mediterranean diet. Boden WE. Angina pectoris and stable ischemic heart disease. |
| Angina Pectoris | CAFL | 3,230,2720,2170,1800,1600,1500,880,832,787,776,727,465,444,1865,125,95,72,20,660,7.83 | Chest pain indicative of cardiac problems. Heart |
| Angina Pectoris | ETDF | 100,680,830,42200,92500,225000,534200,779000,882100,911090 | Chest pain indicative of cardiac problems. Heart |
| Angina Throat | CAFL | 333,428,465,660,727,776,787,804,806.5 | Quinsy in throat. Also called peritonsillar abscess. Throat |
| Angioedema | ETDF | 120,520,800,5070,15000,90000,375050,410250,564280,824960 | Rapid swelling of oral, throat, and facial tissues. Skin Encyclopedia Entry for Angioedema : Angioedema. Angioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen. In most cases, the cause of angioedema is never found. The following may cause angioedema: Animal dander ( scales of shed skin) Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heat Foods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, and milk) Insect bites Medicines ( drug allergy ) such as antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors) Pollen Hives and angioedema may also occur after infections or with other illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and leukemia and lymphoma). A form of angioedema runs in families and has different triggers, complications, and treatments. This is called hereditary angioedema. The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. Welts or swelling on the surface of the skin can also develop. The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. The welts are painful and may be itchy. This is known as hives (urticaria). They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful. Other symptoms may include: Abdominal cramping Breathing difficulty Swollen eyes and mouth Swollen lining of the eyes ( chemosis ). The health care provider will look at your skin and ask if you have been exposed to any irritating substances. If your throat is affected, a physical exam might reveal abnormal sounds ( stridor ) when you breathe in. Blood tests or allergy testing may be ordered. Mild symptoms may not need treatment. Moderate to severe symptoms may need to be treated. Breathing difficulty is an emergency condition. People with angioedema should: Avoid any known allergen or trigger that causes their symptoms. Avoid any medicines, herbs, or supplements that are not prescribed by a provider. Cool compresses or soaks can relieve pain. Medicines used to treat angioedema include: Antihistamines Anti-inflammatory medicines (corticosteroids) Epinephrine shots (people with a history of severe symptoms can carry these with them) Inhaler medicines that help open up the airways If the person has trouble breathing, seek medical help right away. A severe, life-threatening airway blockage may occur if the throat swells. Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable. It is usually harmless and goes away in a few days. Call your provider if: Angioedema does not respond to treatment It is severe You have never had angioedema before Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if there are any of the following symptoms: Abnormal breathing sounds Difficulty breathing or wheezing Fainting. Angioneurotic edema; Welts; Allergic reaction - angioedema; Hives - angioedema. Barksdale AN, Muelleman RL. Allergy, hypersensitivity, and anaphylaxis. |
| Angiofibroma | ETDF | 160,620,7500,65330,175000,434250,563190,642910,930120 | Small papules over the side of the nose and on cheeks. Skin |
| Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia | ETDF | 100,1000,12330,5500,45000,234510,475160,527000,752700,987230 | Domed papules/nodules on head or neck. Skin |
| Angiomyxoma | ETDF | 50,310,1590,5030,7290,125440,462520,625910,732500,815030 | Frequently recurring benign tumor of vulva or pelvis. |
| Animal Diseases | ETDF | 50,570,870,2500,5810,92500,424370,561930,709830,985900 | Diseases of animals |
| Aniridia | ETDF | 70,240,680,830,2500,157000,357300,451170,517500,687620 | Absence of irises, usually in both eyes - can be congenital or due to injury. Eye |
| Anisakiasis | ETDF | 40,230,780,5620,15050,35330,67500,125000,225000,733000 | Due to eating raw/undercooked fish infected with parasitic nematode. Encyclopedia Entry for Anisakiasis : Anisakiasis. Source of disease: Anisakis |
| Anisocoria | ETDF | 120,570,830,2500,5330,65000,93500,325160,515050,884810 | Unequal size of pupils of eyes, normally harmless but sometimes due to life-threatening causes. Encyclopedia Entry for Anisocoria : Anisocoria. Slight differences in pupil sizes are found in up to 1 in 5 healthy people. Most often, the diameter difference is less than 0.5 mm, but it can be up to 1 mm (0.05 inch). Babies born with different sized pupils may not have any underlying disorder. If other family members also have similar pupils, then the pupil size difference could be genetic and is nothing to worry about. Also, for unknown reasons, pupils may temporarily differ in size. If there are no other symptoms and if the pupils return to normal, then it is nothing to worry about. Unequal pupil sizes of more than 1 mm that develop later in life and do NOT return to equal size may be a sign of an eye, brain, blood vessel, or nerve disease. The use of eye drops is a common cause of a harmless change in pupil size. Other medicines that get in the eyes, including medicine from asthma inhalers, can change pupil size. Other causes of unequal pupil sizes may include: Aneurysm in the brain Bleeding inside the skull caused by head injury Brain tumor or abscess (such as, pontine lesions) Excess pressure in one eye caused by glaucoma Increased intracranial pressure, because of brain swelling, intracranial hemorrhage, acute stroke, or intracranial tumor Infection of membranes around the brain ( meningitis or encephalitis ) Migraine headache Seizure (pupil size difference may remain long after seizure is over) Tumor, mass, or lymph node in the upper chest or lymph node causing pressure on a nerve may cause decreased sweating , a small pupil, or drooping eyelid all on the affected side (Horner syndrome) Diabetic occulomotor nerve palsy Prior eye surgery for cataracts. Treatment depends on the cause of the unequal pupil size. You should see a health care provider if you have sudden changes that result in unequal pupil size. Contact a provider if you have persistent, unexplained, or sudden changes in pupil size. The new development of different-sized pupils may be a sign of a very serious condition. If you have differing pupil size after an eye or head injury, get medical help immediately. Always seek immediate medical attention if differing pupil size occurs along with: Blurred vision Double vision Eye sensitivity to light Fever Headache Loss of vision Nausea or vomiting Eye pain Stiff neck. Your provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms and medical history, including: Is this new for you or have your pupils ever been different sizes before? When did it start? Do you have other vision problems such as blurred vision, double vision, or light sensitivity? Do you have any loss of vision? Do you have eye pain? Do you have other symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, or stiff neck? Tests that may be done include: Blood studies such as CBC and blood differential Cerebrospinal fluid studies ( lumbar puncture ) CT scan of the head EEG Head MRI scan Tonometry (if glaucoma is suspected) X-rays of the neck Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Enlargement of one pupil; Pupils of different size; Eyes/pupils different size. Normal pupil Normal pupil. Baloh RW, Jen J. Neuro-ophthalmology. |
| Ankyloglossia | ETDF | 80,780,5810,67500,350000,475000,527000,665340,742000,985670 | Also called Tongue-Tie. Congenital, due to a short frenulum. |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | CAFL | 3000,95,1550,802,880,787,776,727,650,625,600,28,10,35,28,7.69,2.4,110,100,60,428,680 | Chronic inflammatory disease of spinal and sacroiliac joints. Also see Spondylitis Ankylosing. Spine Encyclopedia Entry for Ankylosing Spondylitis : Ankylosing spondylitis. AS is the main member of a family of similar forms of arthritis called spondyloarthritis. Other members include psoriatic arthritis, arthritis of inflammatory bowel disease and reactive arthritis. The family of arthritis appears to be quite common and affects up to 1 in 100 people. The cause of AS is unknown. Genes seem to play a role. Most people with AS are positive for the HLA-B27 gene. The disease often begins between ages 20 and 40, but it may begin before age 10. It affects more males than females. AS starts with low back pain that comes and goes. Low back pain becomes present most of the time as the condition progresses. Pain and stiffness are worse at night, in the morning, or when you are less active. The discomfort may wake you from sleep. The pain often gets better with activity or exercise. Back pain may begin in the between the pelvis and spine (sacroiliac joints). Over time, it may involve all or part of the spine. Your lower spine may become less flexible. Over time, you may stand in a hunched forward position. Other parts of your body that may be affected include: The joints of the shoulders, knees and ankles, which may be swollen and painful The joints between your ribs and breastbone, so that you cannot expand your chest fully The eye, which may have swelling and redness Fatigue is also a common symptom. Skeletal spine Less common symptoms include: Slight fever AS may occur with other conditions, such as: Psoriasis Ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease Recurring or chronic eye inflammation (iritis). Tests may include: CBC ESR (a measure of inflammation) HLA-B27 antigen (which detects the gene linked to ankylosing spondylitis) Rheumatoid factor (which should be negative) X-rays of the spine and pelvis MRI of the spine and pelvis. Your health care provider may prescribe drugs such as NSAIDs to reduce swelling and pain. Some NSAIDs can be bought over-the-counter (OTC). These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). Other NSAIDs are prescribed by your provider. Talk to your provider or pharmacist before daily long-term use of any over-the-counter NSAID. You may also need stronger medicines to control pain and swelling, such as: Corticosteroid therapy (such as prednisone) used for short periods of time Sulfasalazine A biologic TNF-inhibitor (such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab or golimumab) A biologic inhibitor of IL17A, secukinumab Surgery, such as hip replacement, may be done if pain or joint damage is severe. Exercises can help improve posture and breathing. Lying flat on your back at night can help you keep a normal posture. The course of the disease is hard to predict. Over time, signs and symptoms of AS flareup (relapse) and quiet down (remission). Most people are able to function well unless they have a lot of damage to the hips or the spine. Joining a support group of others with the same problem may often help. Treatment with NSAIDS often reduces the pain and swelling. Treatment with TNF inhibitors early in the disease appears to slow progression of the spine arthritis. Rarely, people with ankylosing spondylitis may have problems with: Psoriasis, a chronic skin disorder Inflammation in the eye (iritis) Inflammation in the intestine ( colitis ) Abnormal heart rhythm Scarring or thickening of the lung tissue Scarring or thickening of the aortic heart valve Spinal cord injury after a fall. Call your provider if: You have symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis You have ankylosing spondylitis and develop new symptoms during treatment. Spondylitis; Spondyloarthritis. Skeletal spine Skeletal spine Cervical spondylosis Cervical spondylosis. Baeten D, Sieper J, Braun J, et al. Secukinumab, an interleukin-17A inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(26):2534-2548. PMID: 26699169 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26699169. Callhoff J, Sieper J, Wei A, Zink A, Listing J. Efficacy of TNFa blockers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1241-1248. PMID: 24718959 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24718959. Ward MM, Deodhar A, Akl EA, et al. American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network. 2015 recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(2):282-298. PMID: 26401991 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401991. Werner BC, Feuchtbaum E, Shen FH, Samartzis D. Ankylosing spondylitis of the cervical spine. |
| Anomia | ETDF | 520,800,7500,37500,175330,275000,379930,450000,519680,883000 | Language disorder - problems recalling words or names. |
| Anophthalmos | ETDF | 120,970,5050,7000,40000,222700,425160,571000,824000,932000 | Developmental problem resulting in absence of one or both eyes. Eye |
| Anthrax | CAFL | 500,633,1365,768,414,900 | Serious disease of lungs, intestines, and skin. Weaponised. Skin Lung Intestines Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax - Black Bane- Malignant pustule- Wool sorter's disease- Tanner's disease- Bacillus anthracis (G+ rod: sporulating: aerobic) Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax blood test. A blood sample is needed. There is no special preparation. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away. This test may be performed when the health care provider suspects you have anthrax infection. The bacteria that cause anthrax is called Bacillus anthracis. A normal result means no antibodies to the anthrax bacteria were seen in your blood sample. However, during the early stages of infection, your body may only produce a few antibodies, which the blood test may miss. The test may need to be repeated in 10 days to 2 weeks. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. An abnormal result means antibodies to the bacteria have been detected and you may have anthrax disease. But, some people come in contact with the bacteria and do not develop the disease. To determine if you have a current infection, your provider will look for an increase in the antibody count after a few weeks as well as your symptoms and physical exam findings. There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). The best test for diagnosing anthrax is a culture of affected tissue or blood. Anthrax serology test; Antibody test for anthrax; Serologic test for B. anthracis. Blood test Blood test Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Hall GS, Woods GL. Medical bacteriology. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Anthrax commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats. Humans who come into contact with infected animals can get sick with anthrax as well. There are three main routes of anthrax infection: skin (cutaneous), lung (inhalation), and mouth (gastrointestinal). Cutaneous anthrax occurs when anthrax spores touch a cut or scrape on the skin. It is the most common type of anthrax infection. The main risk is contact with animal hides or hair, bone products, and wool, or with infected animals. People most at risk for cutaneous anthrax include farm workers, veterinarians, tanners, and wool workers. Inhalation anthrax develops when anthrax spores enter the lungs through the airways. It is most commonly contracted when workers breathe in airborne anthrax spores during processes such as tanning hides and processing wool. Breathing in spores means a person has been exposed to anthrax. But it does not mean the person will have symptoms. The bacterial spores must germinate or sprout (the same way a seed sprouts before a plant grows) before the actual disease occurs. This process usually takes 1 to 6 days. Once the spores germinate, they release several toxic substances. These substances cause internal bleeding, swelling, and tissue death. Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when someone eats anthrax-tainted meat. Injection anthrax can occur in someone who injects heroin. Anthrax may be used as a biological weapon or for bioterrorism. Symptoms of anthrax differ depending on the type of anthrax. Symptoms of cutaneous anthrax start 1 to 7 days after exposure: An itchy sore develops that is similar to an insect bite. This sore may blister and form a black ulcer (sore or eschar). The sore is usually painless, but it is often surrounded by swelling. A scab often forms, and then dries and falls off within 2 weeks. Complete healing can take longer. Symptoms of inhalation anthrax: Begins with fever, malaise , headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain Fever and shock may occur later Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax usually occur within 1 week and may include: Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea Diarrhea Fever Mouth sores Nausea and vomiting (the vomit may contain blood) Symptoms of injection anthrax are similar to those of cutaneous anthrax. In addition, the skin or muscle beneath the injection site may get infected. The health care provider will perform a physical examination. The tests to diagnose anthrax depend on the type of disease that is suspected. A culture of the skin, and sometimes a biopsy , are done on the skin sores. The sample is looked at under a microscope to identify the anthrax bacterium. Tests may include: Blood culture Chest CT scan or chest x-ray Spinal tap to check for infection around the spinal column Sputum culture More tests may be done on fluid or blood samples. Antibiotics are usually used to treat anthrax. Antibiotics that may be prescribed include penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Inhalation anthrax is treated with a combination of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin plus another medicine. They are given by IV (intravenously). Antibiotics are usually taken for 60 days because it can take spores that long to germinate. Cutaneous anthrax is treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, usually for 7 to 10 days. Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are most often used. When treated with antibiotics, cutaneous anthrax is likely to get better. But some people who do not get treated may die if anthrax spreads to the blood. People with second-stage inhalation anthrax have a poor outlook, even with antibiotic therapy. Many cases in the second stage are fatal. Gastrointestinal anthrax infection can spread to the bloodstream and may result in death. Call your provider if you think you have been exposed to anthrax or if you develop symptoms of any type of anthrax. There are two main ways to prevent anthrax. For people who have been exposed to anthrax (but have no symptoms of the disease), doctors may prescribe preventive antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or doxycycline, depending on the strain of anthrax. An anthrax vaccine is available to military personnel and some members of the general public. It is given in a series of 5 doses over 18 months. There is no known way to spread cutaneous anthrax from person to person. People who live with someone who has cutaneous anthrax do not need antibiotics unless they have also been exposed to the same source of anthrax. Woolsorter's disease; Ragpicker's disease; Cutaneous anthrax; Gastrointestinal anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Antibodies Antibodies Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Updated January 31, 2017. Accessed July 5, 2017. Lucey DR, Grinberg LM. Anthrax. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Source of disease: Bacillus anthracis |
| Anthrax | ETDF | 70,680,930,5500,11090,119340,150000,175330,545000,705000 | Serious disease of lungs, intestines, and skin. Weaponised. Skin Lung Intestines Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax - Black Bane- Malignant pustule- Wool sorter's disease- Tanner's disease- Bacillus anthracis (G+ rod: sporulating: aerobic) Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax blood test. A blood sample is needed. There is no special preparation. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away. This test may be performed when the health care provider suspects you have anthrax infection. The bacteria that cause anthrax is called Bacillus anthracis. A normal result means no antibodies to the anthrax bacteria were seen in your blood sample. However, during the early stages of infection, your body may only produce a few antibodies, which the blood test may miss. The test may need to be repeated in 10 days to 2 weeks. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. An abnormal result means antibodies to the bacteria have been detected and you may have anthrax disease. But, some people come in contact with the bacteria and do not develop the disease. To determine if you have a current infection, your provider will look for an increase in the antibody count after a few weeks as well as your symptoms and physical exam findings. There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). The best test for diagnosing anthrax is a culture of affected tissue or blood. Anthrax serology test; Antibody test for anthrax; Serologic test for B. anthracis. Blood test Blood test Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Hall GS, Woods GL. Medical bacteriology. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Anthrax commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats. Humans who come into contact with infected animals can get sick with anthrax as well. There are three main routes of anthrax infection: skin (cutaneous), lung (inhalation), and mouth (gastrointestinal). Cutaneous anthrax occurs when anthrax spores touch a cut or scrape on the skin. It is the most common type of anthrax infection. The main risk is contact with animal hides or hair, bone products, and wool, or with infected animals. People most at risk for cutaneous anthrax include farm workers, veterinarians, tanners, and wool workers. Inhalation anthrax develops when anthrax spores enter the lungs through the airways. It is most commonly contracted when workers breathe in airborne anthrax spores during processes such as tanning hides and processing wool. Breathing in spores means a person has been exposed to anthrax. But it does not mean the person will have symptoms. The bacterial spores must germinate or sprout (the same way a seed sprouts before a plant grows) before the actual disease occurs. This process usually takes 1 to 6 days. Once the spores germinate, they release several toxic substances. These substances cause internal bleeding, swelling, and tissue death. Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when someone eats anthrax-tainted meat. Injection anthrax can occur in someone who injects heroin. Anthrax may be used as a biological weapon or for bioterrorism. Symptoms of anthrax differ depending on the type of anthrax. Symptoms of cutaneous anthrax start 1 to 7 days after exposure: An itchy sore develops that is similar to an insect bite. This sore may blister and form a black ulcer (sore or eschar). The sore is usually painless, but it is often surrounded by swelling. A scab often forms, and then dries and falls off within 2 weeks. Complete healing can take longer. Symptoms of inhalation anthrax: Begins with fever, malaise , headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain Fever and shock may occur later Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax usually occur within 1 week and may include: Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea Diarrhea Fever Mouth sores Nausea and vomiting (the vomit may contain blood) Symptoms of injection anthrax are similar to those of cutaneous anthrax. In addition, the skin or muscle beneath the injection site may get infected. The health care provider will perform a physical examination. The tests to diagnose anthrax depend on the type of disease that is suspected. A culture of the skin, and sometimes a biopsy , are done on the skin sores. The sample is looked at under a microscope to identify the anthrax bacterium. Tests may include: Blood culture Chest CT scan or chest x-ray Spinal tap to check for infection around the spinal column Sputum culture More tests may be done on fluid or blood samples. Antibiotics are usually used to treat anthrax. Antibiotics that may be prescribed include penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Inhalation anthrax is treated with a combination of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin plus another medicine. They are given by IV (intravenously). Antibiotics are usually taken for 60 days because it can take spores that long to germinate. Cutaneous anthrax is treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, usually for 7 to 10 days. Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are most often used. When treated with antibiotics, cutaneous anthrax is likely to get better. But some people who do not get treated may die if anthrax spreads to the blood. People with second-stage inhalation anthrax have a poor outlook, even with antibiotic therapy. Many cases in the second stage are fatal. Gastrointestinal anthrax infection can spread to the bloodstream and may result in death. Call your provider if you think you have been exposed to anthrax or if you develop symptoms of any type of anthrax. There are two main ways to prevent anthrax. For people who have been exposed to anthrax (but have no symptoms of the disease), doctors may prescribe preventive antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or doxycycline, depending on the strain of anthrax. An anthrax vaccine is available to military personnel and some members of the general public. It is given in a series of 5 doses over 18 months. There is no known way to spread cutaneous anthrax from person to person. People who live with someone who has cutaneous anthrax do not need antibiotics unless they have also been exposed to the same source of anthrax. Woolsorter's disease; Ragpicker's disease; Cutaneous anthrax; Gastrointestinal anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Antibodies Antibodies Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Updated January 31, 2017. Accessed July 5, 2017. Lucey DR, Grinberg LM. Anthrax. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Source of disease: Bacillus anthracis |
| Anthrax | RIFE | 139200 | Serious disease of lungs, intestines, and skin. Weaponised. RifeVideos (1936). Sourced from http://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax - Black Bane- Malignant pustule- Wool sorter's disease- Tanner's disease- Bacillus anthracis (G+ rod: sporulating: aerobic) Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax blood test. A blood sample is needed. There is no special preparation. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away. This test may be performed when the health care provider suspects you have anthrax infection. The bacteria that cause anthrax is called Bacillus anthracis. A normal result means no antibodies to the anthrax bacteria were seen in your blood sample. However, during the early stages of infection, your body may only produce a few antibodies, which the blood test may miss. The test may need to be repeated in 10 days to 2 weeks. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. An abnormal result means antibodies to the bacteria have been detected and you may have anthrax disease. But, some people come in contact with the bacteria and do not develop the disease. To determine if you have a current infection, your provider will look for an increase in the antibody count after a few weeks as well as your symptoms and physical exam findings. There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). The best test for diagnosing anthrax is a culture of affected tissue or blood. Anthrax serology test; Antibody test for anthrax; Serologic test for B. anthracis. Blood test Blood test Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Hall GS, Woods GL. Medical bacteriology. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Anthrax commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats. Humans who come into contact with infected animals can get sick with anthrax as well. There are three main routes of anthrax infection: skin (cutaneous), lung (inhalation), and mouth (gastrointestinal). Cutaneous anthrax occurs when anthrax spores touch a cut or scrape on the skin. It is the most common type of anthrax infection. The main risk is contact with animal hides or hair, bone products, and wool, or with infected animals. People most at risk for cutaneous anthrax include farm workers, veterinarians, tanners, and wool workers. Inhalation anthrax develops when anthrax spores enter the lungs through the airways. It is most commonly contracted when workers breathe in airborne anthrax spores during processes such as tanning hides and processing wool. Breathing in spores means a person has been exposed to anthrax. But it does not mean the person will have symptoms. The bacterial spores must germinate or sprout (the same way a seed sprouts before a plant grows) before the actual disease occurs. This process usually takes 1 to 6 days. Once the spores germinate, they release several toxic substances. These substances cause internal bleeding, swelling, and tissue death. Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when someone eats anthrax-tainted meat. Injection anthrax can occur in someone who injects heroin. Anthrax may be used as a biological weapon or for bioterrorism. Symptoms of anthrax differ depending on the type of anthrax. Symptoms of cutaneous anthrax start 1 to 7 days after exposure: An itchy sore develops that is similar to an insect bite. This sore may blister and form a black ulcer (sore or eschar). The sore is usually painless, but it is often surrounded by swelling. A scab often forms, and then dries and falls off within 2 weeks. Complete healing can take longer. Symptoms of inhalation anthrax: Begins with fever, malaise , headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain Fever and shock may occur later Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax usually occur within 1 week and may include: Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea Diarrhea Fever Mouth sores Nausea and vomiting (the vomit may contain blood) Symptoms of injection anthrax are similar to those of cutaneous anthrax. In addition, the skin or muscle beneath the injection site may get infected. The health care provider will perform a physical examination. The tests to diagnose anthrax depend on the type of disease that is suspected. A culture of the skin, and sometimes a biopsy , are done on the skin sores. The sample is looked at under a microscope to identify the anthrax bacterium. Tests may include: Blood culture Chest CT scan or chest x-ray Spinal tap to check for infection around the spinal column Sputum culture More tests may be done on fluid or blood samples. Antibiotics are usually used to treat anthrax. Antibiotics that may be prescribed include penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Inhalation anthrax is treated with a combination of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin plus another medicine. They are given by IV (intravenously). Antibiotics are usually taken for 60 days because it can take spores that long to germinate. Cutaneous anthrax is treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, usually for 7 to 10 days. Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are most often used. When treated with antibiotics, cutaneous anthrax is likely to get better. But some people who do not get treated may die if anthrax spreads to the blood. People with second-stage inhalation anthrax have a poor outlook, even with antibiotic therapy. Many cases in the second stage are fatal. Gastrointestinal anthrax infection can spread to the bloodstream and may result in death. Call your provider if you think you have been exposed to anthrax or if you develop symptoms of any type of anthrax. There are two main ways to prevent anthrax. For people who have been exposed to anthrax (but have no symptoms of the disease), doctors may prescribe preventive antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or doxycycline, depending on the strain of anthrax. An anthrax vaccine is available to military personnel and some members of the general public. It is given in a series of 5 doses over 18 months. There is no known way to spread cutaneous anthrax from person to person. People who live with someone who has cutaneous anthrax do not need antibiotics unless they have also been exposed to the same source of anthrax. Woolsorter's disease; Ragpicker's disease; Cutaneous anthrax; Gastrointestinal anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax Cutaneous anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax Antibodies Antibodies Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Updated January 31, 2017. Accessed July 5, 2017. Lucey DR, Grinberg LM. Anthrax. Encyclopedia Entry for Anthrax : Anthrax. Source of disease: Bacillus anthracis |
| Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease | ETDF | 170,950,10530,2500,125090,375160,525710,650000,752630,923700 | Also called Goodpasture's Syndrome. Autoimmune disease of lungs and kidneys. Lung Kidney |
| Antimony 121sb | XTRA | 509.39,549.13,11684.56 | Heavy metal, binding metal. |
| Antimony 123sb | XTRA | 275.86,297.37,12655.27 | Heavy metal, binding metal. |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome | ETDF | 50,730,1550,13390,22500,247000,391000,571000,827000,937410 | Promotes thrombosis and pregnancy-related complications. |
| Antiseptic General | CAFL | 428,444,450,465,660,727,760,787,802,880,1550,5000,10000 | Common pathogens. |
| Antithrombin III Deficiency | ETDF | 50,650,1000,5620,7000,377910,400000,563190,642060,985900 | Hereditary disorder with recurring venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and fetal death. |
| Anus Diseases | ETDF | 50,600,2250,7500,97500,475000,527000,667000,752700,986220 | The anus is that part of the intestinal tract that passes through the muscular canal of the pelvis and anal sphincters. It is the final orifice through which stool passes out of the body. In adults, the anus is 4 to 5 centimeters long. The lower half of the anal canal has sensitive nerve endings. There are blood vessels under the lining, and in its mid portion there are numerous tiny, anal glands. This article describes four disorders that cause anal pain and irritation,Anal fissure - An anal fissure, also called an anorectal fissure, is a linear split or tear in the lining (anoderm) of the lower anal canal. Most anal fissures happen when a large, hard stool overstretches the anal opening and tears the delicate anoderm. Less often, anal fissures develop because of prolonged diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease or sexually transmitted diseases involving the anorectal area. Acute (short-term) anal fissures are usually superficial and shallow, but chronic (long-term) anal fissures may extend deeper through the anoderm to expose the surface of underlying muscle. Anal abscess - An anal abscess is a swollen, painful collection of pus near the anus. Most anal abscesses are not related to other health problems and arise spontaneously, for reasons that are unclear. They originate in a tiny anal gland, which enlarges to create a site of infection under the skin. In the United States, more than half of all anal abscesses occur in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40, and men are affected more often than women. Most anal abscesses are located near the opening of the anus but rarely can occur deeper or higher in the anal canal, closer to the lower colon or pelvic organs. Anal fistula - An anal fistula is an abnormal narrow tunnel-like passageway, which is the remnant of an old anal abscess after it has drained. It connects the mid portion of the anal canal (at the anal gland) to the surface of the skin. After an anal abscess has drained (either spontaneously or when lanced by a physician), an anal fistula will develop at least half of the time. Sometimes the opening of the fistula at the skin surface constantly discharges pus or bloody fluid. In other cases, the opening of the fistula closes temporarily, causing the old anal abscess to flare up again as a painful pocket of pus. Hemorrhoids - Hemorrhoids do not ordinarily cause pain. Nevertheless, sometime the blood vessels in a small hemorrhoid at the edge of the anal orifice can clot off (thrombosis). This may be triggered by a period of constipation of diarrhea. When thrombosis occurs, the external hemorrhoid becomes swollen, hard, and painful, sometimes with bloody discharge. Anus |
| Anxiety | XTRA | 40-60,304,6130 | General anxiety disorder. Mind Encyclopedia Entry for Anxiety : Anxiety disorder. Can be caused by Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Anxiety 1 | CAFL | 1.5,6.8,7.8,95,10000 | General anxiety disorder. Mind |
| Anxiety Disorders | ETDF | 80,620,870,5810,225000,572000,727330,841120,903910 | A mental health disorder characterized by feelings of worry, anxiety, or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities |
| Anxiety Disorders | KHZ | 80,620,870,5810,225000,423070,572000,727330,841120,903910 | Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness. There are several anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism. The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms. People often have more than one anxiety disorder. The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty. Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder. To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least 6 months, be more than what would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning. Other problems that may result in similar symptoms include hyperthyroidism; heart disease; caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use; and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others. Without treatment, anxiety disorders tend to remain. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, counselling, and medications. Counselling is typically with a type of cognitive behavioral therapy. Medications, such as antidepressants, benzodiazepines, or beta blockers, may improve symptoms. About 12% of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year, and between 5% and 30% are affected over a lifetime. They occur in females about twice as often as in males, and generally begin before age 25 years. The most common are specific phobias, which affect nearly 12%, and social anxiety disorder, which affects 10%. Phobias mainly affect people between the ages of 15 and 35, and become less common after age 55. Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe. Mind |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis | ETDF | 30,250,900,13520,150000,275330,510250,655200,759830,926700 | Narrowing of aortic valve of the heart. Heart |
| Aphasia | ETDF | 140,620,850,12850,5070,453720,515090,684810,712810,993410 | Language/speech disorders. Brain |
| Aphthovirus | XTRA | 232,237,558.37,585.91,1116.75,1171.83,1214,1243,1244,1271,5411 | Virus causing Foot and Mouth. |
| Apnea | ETDF | 60,830,970,5160,20000,65000,476500,527000,742000,987230 | Causes loud snoring and sporadic cessation of breathing. Sleep Encyclopedia Entry for Apnea : Apnea of prematurity. There are several reasons why newborns, in particular those who were born early, may have apnea, including: If their brain is not fully developed If the muscles that keep the airway open are weak Other stresses in a sick or premature baby may worsen apnea, including: Anemia Feeding problems Heart or lung problems Infection Low oxygen levels Temperature problems. The breathing pattern of newborns is not always regular and may be called 'periodic breathing.' This pattern is even more likely in newborns born early (preemies). This irregular pattern is felt to be normal, but also thought of as immature. It consists of short episodes (about 3 seconds) of either shallow breathing or stopped breathing (apnea). These episodes are followed by periods of regular breathing lasting 10 to 18 seconds. Apnea episodes that last longer than 20 seconds are considered serious. The baby may also have a: Drop in heart rate. This heart rate drop is called bradycardia or, sometimes, a 'brady.' Drop in oxygen level (oxygen saturation). This is called desaturation or, sometimes a 'desat.'. These babies will be placed on monitors in the hospital. The monitors keep track of their breathing, heart rate, and oxygen levels. Apnea, drop in heart rate, or drop in oxygen level can set off the alarms on these monitors. Drops in heart rate and oxygen levels may occur for other reasons than apnea (such as passing stool or moving around), so the monitor tracings are most often reviewed by the health care team. How apnea is treated depends on: The cause How often it occurs Severity of episodes Babies who are otherwise healthy and sometimes have few minor episodes are simply watched. In these cases, the episodes go away when the babies are gently touched or 'stimulated' during periods when breathing stops. Babies who are well, but who are very premature and/or have many apnea episodes, may be given caffeine. This will help make their breathing pattern more regular. Sometimes, the nurse will change a baby's position, use suction to remove fluid or mucus from the mouth or nose, or use a bag and mask to help with breathing. Breathing can be assisted by: Proper positioning Slower feeding time Oxygen Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Breathing machine ( ventilator ) in extreme cases Some infants who continue to have apnea but are otherwise mature and healthy will be discharged from the hospital on a home apnea monitor, with or without caffeine, until they have outgrown their immature breathing pattern. Apnea is common in premature babies. Most babies have normal outcomes. Mild apnea does not appear to have long-term effects. However, preventing multiple or severe episodes is better for the baby over the long-term. Apnea of prematurity most often goes away as the baby approaches their 'due date.' In some cases, this may last as long as the 44th week, such as in infants who were born very prematurely. Apnea - newborns; AOP; As and Bs; A/B/D; Blue spell - newborns; Dusky spell - newborns; Spell - newborns; Apnea - neonatal. Apnea monitor Apnea monitor. Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Respiratory tract disorders. |
| Apoplexy | CAFL | 20,40,72,333,428,522,555.1,600,625,727,787,880,1800,1865 | Stroke paralysis. See Stroke Follow Up. Encyclopedia Entry for Apoplexy : Apoplexy. Endocrine glands Endocrine glands. Goldstein LB. Approach to cerebrovascular disease. |
| Appendicitis | CAFL | 1550,802,880,787,727,444,380,190,10,650,444,522,125,95,72,20,522,146,440,450 | If micro-perforation has occurred, infection must be eliminated before drinking any water. A few drops may be fatal. Appendix Encyclopedia Entry for Appendicitis : Appendicitis. Appendicitis is a very common cause of emergency surgery. The problem most often occurs when the appendix becomes blocked by feces, a foreign object, or rarely, a tumor. The symptoms of appendicitis can vary. It can be hard to diagnose appendicitis in young children, older people, and women of childbearing age. The first symptom is often pain around the belly button or mid upper abdomen. Pain may be minor at first, but becomes more sharp and severe. You may also have a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and a low-grade fever. The pain tends to move into the right lower part of your belly. The pain tends to focus at a spot directly above the appendix called McBurney point. This most often occurs 12 to 24 hours after the illness starts. Your pain may be worse when you walk, cough, or make sudden movements. Later symptoms include: Chills and shaking Hard stools Diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting. Your health care provider may suspect appendicitis based on the symptoms you describe. Your provider will do a physical exam. If you have appendicitis, your pain will increase when your lower right belly area is pressed. If your appendix has ruptured, touching the belly area may cause a lot of pain and lead you to tighten your muscles. A rectal exam may find tenderness on the right side of your rectum. A blood test will often show a high white blood cell count. Imaging tests may also help diagnose appendicitis. Imaging tests include: CT scan of the abdomen Ultrasound of the abdomen. Most of the time, a surgeon will remove your appendix as soon as you are diagnosed. If a CT scan shows that you have an abscess , you may be treated with antibiotics first. You will have your appendix removed after the infection and swelling have gone away. The tests used to diagnose appendicitis are not perfect. As a result, the operation may show that your appendix is normal. In that case, the surgeon will remove your appendix and explore the rest of your abdomen for other causes of your pain. Most people recover quickly after surgery if the appendix is removed before it ruptures. If your appendix ruptures before surgery, recovery may take longer. You are also more likely to develop problems, such as: An abscess Blockage of the intestine Infection inside the abdomen (peritonitis) Infection of the wound after surgery. Call your provider if you have abdominal pain in the lower-right portion of your belly, or other symptoms of appendicitis. Anatomical landmarks, front view Anatomical landmarks, front view Digestive system Digestive system Appendectomy - Series Appendectomy - series Appendicitis Appendicitis. Sarosi GA. Appendicitis. |
| Appendicitis | ETDF | 140,460,7500,50000,93500,376290,524370,652430,752630,922530 | If micro-perforation has occurred, infection must be eliminated before drinking any water. A few drops may be fatal. Appendix Encyclopedia Entry for Appendicitis : Appendicitis. Appendicitis is a very common cause of emergency surgery. The problem most often occurs when the appendix becomes blocked by feces, a foreign object, or rarely, a tumor. The symptoms of appendicitis can vary. It can be hard to diagnose appendicitis in young children, older people, and women of childbearing age. The first symptom is often pain around the belly button or mid upper abdomen. Pain may be minor at first, but becomes more sharp and severe. You may also have a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and a low-grade fever. The pain tends to move into the right lower part of your belly. The pain tends to focus at a spot directly above the appendix called McBurney point. This most often occurs 12 to 24 hours after the illness starts. Your pain may be worse when you walk, cough, or make sudden movements. Later symptoms include: Chills and shaking Hard stools Diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting. Your health care provider may suspect appendicitis based on the symptoms you describe. Your provider will do a physical exam. If you have appendicitis, your pain will increase when your lower right belly area is pressed. If your appendix has ruptured, touching the belly area may cause a lot of pain and lead you to tighten your muscles. A rectal exam may find tenderness on the right side of your rectum. A blood test will often show a high white blood cell count. Imaging tests may also help diagnose appendicitis. Imaging tests include: CT scan of the abdomen Ultrasound of the abdomen. Most of the time, a surgeon will remove your appendix as soon as you are diagnosed. If a CT scan shows that you have an abscess , you may be treated with antibiotics first. You will have your appendix removed after the infection and swelling have gone away. The tests used to diagnose appendicitis are not perfect. As a result, the operation may show that your appendix is normal. In that case, the surgeon will remove your appendix and explore the rest of your abdomen for other causes of your pain. Most people recover quickly after surgery if the appendix is removed before it ruptures. If your appendix ruptures before surgery, recovery may take longer. You are also more likely to develop problems, such as: An abscess Blockage of the intestine Infection inside the abdomen (peritonitis) Infection of the wound after surgery. Call your provider if you have abdominal pain in the lower-right portion of your belly, or other symptoms of appendicitis. Anatomical landmarks, front view Anatomical landmarks, front view Digestive system Digestive system Appendectomy - Series Appendectomy - series Appendicitis Appendicitis. Sarosi GA. Appendicitis. |
| Appetite Lack Of | CAFL | 20,72,444,465,727,787,880,1865,10000 | Appetite stimulant. |
| Apraxias | ETDF | 600,1000,5000,247880,365800,454370,515160,689410,712000,997870 | Motor disorder due to brain damage. Brain |
| Aprosodia | ETDF | 180,1070,4830,15250,58210,109420,237210,387020,434270,611050 | Neurological language/speech disorder. Brain |
| Arachnoid Cysts | ETDF | 160,600,900,2500,3000,125090,225330,344500,490560,807220 | Cysts in brain meninges or spinal cord. |
| Arachnoid Cysts | ETDF | 160,600,900,2500,3000,125090,225330,344500,490000,56000,807220 | Cysts in brain meninges or spinal cord. |
| Arachnoid Diverticula | ETDF | 160,600,900,2500,3000,125090,225330,344500,490560,807220 | Arachnoid cysts, or diverticula, of the spinal canal are uncommon lesions which can lie in the spinal extra or intradural spaces. |
| Arachnoiditis | ETDF | 160,600,850,2500,7500,35000,87500,479500,527000,665340 | Inflammation of arachnoid membrane, one of the meninges protecting brain and spine. |
| Arbovirus Infections | ETDF | 70,680,2330,35000,87500,476500,527000,667000,753230,987230 | Group of viruses transmitted by arthropods, causing Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, Encephalitis, and West Nile Fever. |
| Argentaffinoma | ETDF | 50,520,600,930,12690,125000,269710,434030,571000,839000 | Also called Carcinoid Syndrome - refers to symptoms secondary to carcinoid tumors. |
| Arm Injuries | ETDF | 180,900,5500,13930,55160,250000,425090,571000,827000,932000 | Minor arm injuries are common. Symptoms often develop from everyday wear and tear, overuse, or an injury. Arm injuries are often caused by: Sports or hobbies. Work-related tasks. Work or projects around the home. Your child may injure his or her arm during sports or play or from accidental falls. The chance of having an injury is higher in contact sports (such as wrestling, football, or soccer) and in high-speed sports (such as biking, in-line skating, skiing, snowboarding, and skateboarding). Forearms, wrists, hands, and fingers are injured most often. An injury to the end of a long bone near a joint may harm the growth plate and needs to be checked by a doctor. Older adults have a greater chance for injuries and broken bones because they lose muscle mass and bone strength (osteoporosis) as they age. Older adults also have more problems with vision and balance, which increases their chances of having an accidental injury. Most minor injuries will heal on their own, and home treatment is usually all that is needed to relieve symptoms and promote healing. |
| Arnica | BIO | 1042 | Healing herb. Encyclopedia Entry for Arnica : Arnica is an herb that grows mainly in Siberia and central Europe, as well as temperate climates in North America. The flowers of the plant are used in medicine. People take arnica by mouth for sore mouth and throat, pain such as pain after surgery or wisdom tooth removal, insect bites, painful and swollen veins near the surface of the skin (superficial phlebitis), bruising, muscle pain, vision problems due to diabetes, stroke, and for causing abortions. Arnica is applied to the skin for pain and swelling associated with bruises, aches, and sprains. It is also applied to the skin for insect bites, arthritis, muscle and cartilage pain, chapped lips, and acne. In foods, arnica is a flavor ingredient in beverages, frozen dairy desserts, candy, baked goods, gelatins, and puddings. In manufacturing, arnica is used in hair tonics and anti-dandruff preparations. The oil is used in perfumes and cosmetics. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate. The effectiveness ratings for ARNICA are as follows: Possibly effective for. Osteoarthritis. Early research shows that using an arnica gel product (A. Vogel Arnica Gel, Bioforce AG, Switzerland) twice daily for 3 weeks reduces pain and stiffness and improves function in people with osteoarthritis in the hand or knee. Other research shows that using the same gel works as well as the painkiller ibuprofen in reducing pain and improving function in the hands. Possibly ineffective for. Reducing pain, swelling, and complications of wisdom tooth removal.In most research, taking arnica by mouth does not seem to reduce pain, swelling, or complications after wisdom tooth removal. One early study suggests that taking six doses of homeopathic arnica 30C might reduce pain, but not bleeding. Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for. Bruises. Most research shows that taking homeopathic arnica by mouth or applying arnica to the skin does not reduce bruising. But one study shows that taking 12 doses of a specific arnica product (SinEcch, Alpine Pharmaceuticals) might reduce bruising under the skin in women following face-lift surgery. Also, applying an arnica ointment has been shown to reduce bruising when applied twice daily for 2 weeks. Vision problems due to diabetes. Early research shows that taking homeopathic arnica 5C by mouth for 6 months reduces vision problems in people with vision loss due to diabetes. Muscle pain. There is inconsistent evidence on the effects of arnica on muscle pain. Some early research suggests that taking homeopathic arnica by mouth does not prevent muscle soreness. Other early research shows that applying an arnica cream (Boiron Group, France) three times daily every 24 hours after performing calf raises does not reduce muscle pain. However, other research shows that applying an arnica gel on the leg muscles immediately after running and then every 4 hours while awake for 5 days might reduce muscle pain or soreness after 3 days. Also, taking homeopathic arnica D30 by mouth reduce muscle pain if started the night before a marathon and repeated every morning and evening for 3 days. Pain after surgery. Most research shows that taking homeopathic arnica by mouth slightly reduces pain after surgery. In some cases, homeopathic arnica has been used together with an arnica ointment from 72 hours after surgery for 2 weeks. But not all reduces have been positive. Some research shows that taking homeopathic arnica for 5 days does not reduce pain following surgery. Stroke. Early research shows that taking one tablet of homeopathic arnica 30C under the tongue every 2 hours for six doses does not benefit people who have had a stroke. Acne. Chapped lips. Insect bites. Painful, swollen veins near the surface of the skin.. Sore throats. Other conditions. More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of arnica for these uses. The active chemicals in arnica may reduce swelling, decrease pain, and act as antibiotics. Arnica is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in the amounts commonly found in food or when applied to unbroken skin short-term. The Canadian government, however, is concerned enough about the safety of arnica to prohibit its use as a food ingredient. Amounts that are larger than the amount found in food are LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth. In fact, arnica is considered poisonous and has caused death. When taken by mouth it can also cause irritation of the mouth and throat, stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, shortness of breath, a fast heartbeat, an increase in blood pressure, heart damage, organ failure, increased bleeding, coma, and death. Arnica is often listed as an ingredient in homeopathic products; however, these products are usually so dilute that they contain little or no detectable amount of arnica. Special precautions & warnings: Pregnancy and breast-feeding : Don't take arnica by mouth or apply to the skin if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. It is considered LIKELY UNSAFE. Allergy to ragweed and related plants : Arnica may cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many others. If you have allergies, be sure to check with your healthcare provider before applying it to your skin. Do not take arnica by mouth. Broken skin : Don't apply arnica to damaged or broken skin. Too much could be absorbed. Digestion problems : Arnica can irritate the digestive system. Don't take it if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcers, Crohn's disease, or other stomach or intestinal conditions. Fast heart rate : Arnica might increase your heart rate. Don't take arnica if you have a fast heart rate. High blood pressure : Arnica might increase blood pressure. Don't take arnica if you have high blood pressure. Surgery : Arnica might cause extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using it at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery. Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) Arnica might slow blood clotting. Taking arnica along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others. Herbs and supplements that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet herbs and supplements) Arnica might slow blood clotting. Taking arnica along with herbs and supplements that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Some of these herbs include angelica, clove, danshen, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, and Panax ginseng. There are no known interactions with foods. The following dose has been studied in scientific research: APPLIED TO THE SKIN: For Osteoarthritis: An arnica gel product with a 50 gram/100 gram ratio (A. Vogel Arnica Gel, Bioforce AG, Switzerland) has been rubbed into the affected joints two to three times daily for 3 weeks. Arnica cordifolia, Arnica des Montagnes, Arnica Flos, Arnica Flower, Arnica fulgens, Arnica latifolia, Arnica montana, Arnica sororia, Arnikabluten, Bergwohlverieih, Doronic d'Allemagne, Fleurs d'Arnica, Herbe aux Chutes, Herbe aux Pr cheurs, Kraftwurz, Leopard's Bane, Mountain Snuff, Mountain Tobacco, Plantin des Alpes, Quinquina des Pauvres, Souci des Alpes, Tabac des Savoyards, Tabac des Vosges, Wolf's Bane, Wundkraut. |
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation | ETDF | 60,830,2500,20000,65000,207460,479930,527000,749000,986220 | Brain condition with many symptoms, including tinnitus and numbness/tingling of extremities. |
| Arrhythmia Cardiac | ETDF | 90,780,830,7500,8000,225330,510250,689930,750000,936420 | Irregular heartbeat, including tachycardia and bradycardia. |
| Arrhythmia Cardiac | KHZ | 900,780,830,7500,8000,225330,510250,689930,750000,936420 | Irregular heartbeat, including tachycardia and bradycardia. |
| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia | ETDF | 50,400,850,2750,5000,55160,269710,555300,707000,825500 | Cardiac arrhythmia caused by heart muscle genetic defects. |
| Arsenic Alb | CAFL | 562 | Homeopathic cell salt. |
| Arsenic as | XTRA | 364.56,393,16724.61 | Heavy metal. |
| Arsenic Poisoning | ETDF | 100,830,5500,52500,342060,458500,515090,687620,712230,995380 | Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. Long-term exposure can result in thickening of the skin, darker skin, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart disease, numbness, and cancer. The most common reason for long-term exposure is contaminated drinking water. Groundwater most often becomes contaminated naturally; however, contamination may also occur from mining or agriculture. It may also be found in the soil and air. Recommended levels in water are less than 1050 g/L (1050 parts per billion). Other routes of exposure include toxic waste sites and traditional medicines. Most cases of poisoning are accidental. Arsenic acts by changing the functioning of around 200 enzymes. Diagnosis is by testing the urine, blood, or hair. Prevention is by using water that does not contain high levels of arsenic. This may be achieved by the use of special filters or using rainwater. There is not good evidence to support specific treatments for long-term poisoning. For acute poisonings treating dehydration is important. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or dimercaptopropane sulfonate (DMPS) may be used while dimercaprol (BAL) is not recommended. Hemodialysis may also be used. Through drinking water, more than 200 million people globally are exposed to higher than safe levels of arsenic. The areas most affected are Bangladesh and West Bengal. Exposure is also more common in people of low income and minorities. Acute poisoning is uncommon. The toxicity of arsenic has been described as far back as 1500 BC in the Ebers papyrus. |
| Arteriosclerosis | CAFL | 10000,2720,2170,1800,1600,1500,880,787,776,727,20 | Hardening of arteries. Regeneration takes time. Try CMV programs. Veins |
| Arteriosclerosis | ETDF | 70,730,5000,7250,92500,352930,451170,519680,684810,712810 | Hardening of arteries. Regeneration takes time. Try CMV programs. |
| Arteriovenous Malformations | ETDF | 100,830,12330,5070,12710,225000,519340,655200,752630,923700 | Abnormal artery-vein connections, bypassing capillaries, normally in the CNS. |
| Artery Plaque | XTRA | 4632,5364,5885 | Usually atheroma - swelling in arteries full of pus. |
| Arthritis | ETDF | 50,750,900,9000,11090,55330,398400,425710,642910,980000 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis - resources. Resources - arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis. Arthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage. Normal cartilage protects a joint and allows it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones under the cartilage become damaged and rub together. This causes swelling (inflammation), and stiffness. Osteoarthritis Joint inflammation and damage may result from: An autoimmune disease (the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue) Broken bone General 'wear and tear' on joints Infection, most often by bacteria or virus Crystals such as uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate In most cases, the joint inflammation goes away after the cause goes away or is treated. Sometimes, it does not. When this happens, you have long-term (chronic) arthritis. Arthritis may occur in men or women. Osteoarthritis is the most common type. Other, more common types of inflammatory arthritis include: Ankylosing spondylitis Crystal arthritis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children) Bacterial infections Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults) Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Symptoms can include: Joint pain Joint swelling Reduced ability to move the joint Redness and warmth of the skin around a joint Joint stiffness, especially in the morning. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. The physical exam may show: Fluid around a joint Warm, red, tender joints Difficulty moving a joint (called 'limited range of motion') Some types of arthritis may cause joint deformity. This may be a sign of severe, untreated rheumatoid arthritis. Blood tests and joint x-rays are often done to check for infection and other causes of arthritis. The provider may also remove a sample of joint fluid with a needle and send it to a lab to be checked for inflammation crystals or infection. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent further joint damage. The underlying cause often cannot be cured. LIFESTYLE CHANGES Lifestyle changes are the preferred treatment for osteoarthritis and other types of joint swelling. Exercise can help relieve stiffness, reduce pain and fatigue, and improve muscle and bone strength. Your health care team can help you design an exercise program that is best for you. Exercise programs may include: Low-impact aerobic activity (also called endurance exercise). Walking is a good example. Range of motion exercises for flexibility. Strength training for muscle tone. Your provider may suggest physical therapy. This might include: Heat or ice Splints or orthotics to support joints and help improve their position; this is often needed for rheumatoid arthritis Water therapy Massage Other things you can do include: Get plenty of sleep. Sleeping 8 to 10 hours a night and taking naps during the day can help you recover from a flare-up more quickly, and may even help prevent flare-ups. Avoid staying in one position for too long. Avoid positions or movements that place extra stress on your sore joints. Change your home to make activities easier. For example, install grab bars in the shower, the tub, and near the toilet. Try stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, yoga, or tai chi. Eat a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables, which contain important vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin E. Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as cold-water fish (salmon, mackerel, and herring), flaxseed, rapeseed (canola) oil, soybeans, soybean oil, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Apply capsaicin cream over your painful joints. You may feel improvement after applying the cream for 3 to 7 days. Lose weight, if you are overweight. Weight loss can greatly improve joint pain in the legs and feet. Use a cane to reduce pain from hip, knee, ankle, or foot arthritis. MEDICINES Medicines may be prescribed along with lifestyle changes. All medicines have some risks. You should be closely followed by a doctor when taking arthritis medicines. Over-the-counter medicines: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is often the first medicine tried to reduce pain. Take up to 3,000 mg a day (2 arthritis-strength Tylenol every 8 hours). To prevent damage to your liver, do not take more than the recommended dose. Since multiple medicines are available without a prescription that also contain acetaminophen, you will need to include them in the 3,000 mg per day maximum. Also, avoid alcohol when taking acetaminophen. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can relieve arthritis pain. However, they can carry risks when used for a long time. Possible side effects include heart attack, stroke, stomach ulcers, bleeding from the digestive tract, and kidney damage. Prescription medicines: Corticosteroids ('steroids') help reduce inflammation. They may be injected into painful joints or given by mouth. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to treat autoimmune arthritis. They include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. Biologics are used for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They include etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), abatacept (Orencia), rituximab (Rituxan), golimumab (Simponi), certolizumab (Cimzia), and tocilizumab (Actemra). These drugs can improve the quality of life for many people, but can have serious side effects. Other drugs for RA -- Janus kinase inhibitor: Tofacitinib (Xeljanz). This is a medicine taken by mouth that is now approved for treating RA. For gout, allopurinol (Zyloprim), febuxostat (Uloric) or probenecid (Benemid) may be used to lower uric acid. For osteoarthritis of the knee, injections of steroids (Kenalog) or hyaluronic acid (Synvisc) may provide short-term pain relief. A knee brace may also help. It is very important to take your medicines as directed by your provider. If you are having problems doing so (for example, because of side effects), you should talk to your provider. Also make sure your provider knows about your all the medicines you are taking, including vitamins and supplements bought without a prescription. SURGERY AND OTHER TREATMENTS In some cases, surgery may be done if other treatments have not worked. This may include: Joint replacement, such as a total knee joint replacement. A few arthritis-related disorders can be completely cured with proper treatment. Most forms of arthritis however are long-term (chronic) conditions. Complications of arthritis include: Long-term (chronic) pain Disability Difficulty performing daily activities. Call your provider if: Your joint pain persists beyond 3 days. You have severe unexplained joint pain. The affected joint is significantly swollen. You have a hard time moving the joint. Your skin around the joint is red or hot to the touch. You have a fever or have lost weight unintentionally. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage. If you have a family history of arthritis, tell your provider, even if you do not have joint pain. Avoiding excessive, repeated motions may help protect you against osteoarthritis. Joint inflammation; Joint degeneration. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis in hip Arthritis in hip Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Knee joint replacement - Series Knee joint replacement - series Hip joint replacement - Series Hip joint replacement - series. Kavanaugh A, Grevich SC. Rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Arthritis | KHZ | 50,750,900,9000,11090,55330,325160,425710,642910,980000 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis - resources. Resources - arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis. Arthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage. Normal cartilage protects a joint and allows it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones under the cartilage become damaged and rub together. This causes swelling (inflammation), and stiffness. Osteoarthritis Joint inflammation and damage may result from: An autoimmune disease (the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue) Broken bone General 'wear and tear' on joints Infection, most often by bacteria or virus Crystals such as uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate In most cases, the joint inflammation goes away after the cause goes away or is treated. Sometimes, it does not. When this happens, you have long-term (chronic) arthritis. Arthritis may occur in men or women. Osteoarthritis is the most common type. Other, more common types of inflammatory arthritis include: Ankylosing spondylitis Crystal arthritis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children) Bacterial infections Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults) Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Symptoms can include: Joint pain Joint swelling Reduced ability to move the joint Redness and warmth of the skin around a joint Joint stiffness, especially in the morning. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. The physical exam may show: Fluid around a joint Warm, red, tender joints Difficulty moving a joint (called 'limited range of motion') Some types of arthritis may cause joint deformity. This may be a sign of severe, untreated rheumatoid arthritis. Blood tests and joint x-rays are often done to check for infection and other causes of arthritis. The provider may also remove a sample of joint fluid with a needle and send it to a lab to be checked for inflammation crystals or infection. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent further joint damage. The underlying cause often cannot be cured. LIFESTYLE CHANGES Lifestyle changes are the preferred treatment for osteoarthritis and other types of joint swelling. Exercise can help relieve stiffness, reduce pain and fatigue, and improve muscle and bone strength. Your health care team can help you design an exercise program that is best for you. Exercise programs may include: Low-impact aerobic activity (also called endurance exercise). Walking is a good example. Range of motion exercises for flexibility. Strength training for muscle tone. Your provider may suggest physical therapy. This might include: Heat or ice Splints or orthotics to support joints and help improve their position; this is often needed for rheumatoid arthritis Water therapy Massage Other things you can do include: Get plenty of sleep. Sleeping 8 to 10 hours a night and taking naps during the day can help you recover from a flare-up more quickly, and may even help prevent flare-ups. Avoid staying in one position for too long. Avoid positions or movements that place extra stress on your sore joints. Change your home to make activities easier. For example, install grab bars in the shower, the tub, and near the toilet. Try stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, yoga, or tai chi. Eat a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables, which contain important vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin E. Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as cold-water fish (salmon, mackerel, and herring), flaxseed, rapeseed (canola) oil, soybeans, soybean oil, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Apply capsaicin cream over your painful joints. You may feel improvement after applying the cream for 3 to 7 days. Lose weight, if you are overweight. Weight loss can greatly improve joint pain in the legs and feet. Use a cane to reduce pain from hip, knee, ankle, or foot arthritis. MEDICINES Medicines may be prescribed along with lifestyle changes. All medicines have some risks. You should be closely followed by a doctor when taking arthritis medicines. Over-the-counter medicines: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is often the first medicine tried to reduce pain. Take up to 3,000 mg a day (2 arthritis-strength Tylenol every 8 hours). To prevent damage to your liver, do not take more than the recommended dose. Since multiple medicines are available without a prescription that also contain acetaminophen, you will need to include them in the 3,000 mg per day maximum. Also, avoid alcohol when taking acetaminophen. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can relieve arthritis pain. However, they can carry risks when used for a long time. Possible side effects include heart attack, stroke, stomach ulcers, bleeding from the digestive tract, and kidney damage. Prescription medicines: Corticosteroids ('steroids') help reduce inflammation. They may be injected into painful joints or given by mouth. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to treat autoimmune arthritis. They include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. Biologics are used for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They include etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), abatacept (Orencia), rituximab (Rituxan), golimumab (Simponi), certolizumab (Cimzia), and tocilizumab (Actemra). These drugs can improve the quality of life for many people, but can have serious side effects. Other drugs for RA -- Janus kinase inhibitor: Tofacitinib (Xeljanz). This is a medicine taken by mouth that is now approved for treating RA. For gout, allopurinol (Zyloprim), febuxostat (Uloric) or probenecid (Benemid) may be used to lower uric acid. For osteoarthritis of the knee, injections of steroids (Kenalog) or hyaluronic acid (Synvisc) may provide short-term pain relief. A knee brace may also help. It is very important to take your medicines as directed by your provider. If you are having problems doing so (for example, because of side effects), you should talk to your provider. Also make sure your provider knows about your all the medicines you are taking, including vitamins and supplements bought without a prescription. SURGERY AND OTHER TREATMENTS In some cases, surgery may be done if other treatments have not worked. This may include: Joint replacement, such as a total knee joint replacement. A few arthritis-related disorders can be completely cured with proper treatment. Most forms of arthritis however are long-term (chronic) conditions. Complications of arthritis include: Long-term (chronic) pain Disability Difficulty performing daily activities. Call your provider if: Your joint pain persists beyond 3 days. You have severe unexplained joint pain. The affected joint is significantly swollen. You have a hard time moving the joint. Your skin around the joint is red or hot to the touch. You have a fever or have lost weight unintentionally. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage. If you have a family history of arthritis, tell your provider, even if you do not have joint pain. Avoiding excessive, repeated motions may help protect you against osteoarthritis. Joint inflammation; Joint degeneration. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis in hip Arthritis in hip Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Knee joint replacement - Series Knee joint replacement - series Hip joint replacement - Series Hip joint replacement - series. Kavanaugh A, Grevich SC. Rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Arthritis | XTRA | 1664 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis - resources. Resources - arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis. Encyclopedia Entry for Arthritis : Arthritis. Arthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage. Normal cartilage protects a joint and allows it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones under the cartilage become damaged and rub together. This causes swelling (inflammation), and stiffness. Osteoarthritis Joint inflammation and damage may result from: An autoimmune disease (the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue) Broken bone General 'wear and tear' on joints Infection, most often by bacteria or virus Crystals such as uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate In most cases, the joint inflammation goes away after the cause goes away or is treated. Sometimes, it does not. When this happens, you have long-term (chronic) arthritis. Arthritis may occur in men or women. Osteoarthritis is the most common type. Other, more common types of inflammatory arthritis include: Ankylosing spondylitis Crystal arthritis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children) Bacterial infections Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults) Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Symptoms can include: Joint pain Joint swelling Reduced ability to move the joint Redness and warmth of the skin around a joint Joint stiffness, especially in the morning. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. The physical exam may show: Fluid around a joint Warm, red, tender joints Difficulty moving a joint (called 'limited range of motion') Some types of arthritis may cause joint deformity. This may be a sign of severe, untreated rheumatoid arthritis. Blood tests and joint x-rays are often done to check for infection and other causes of arthritis. The provider may also remove a sample of joint fluid with a needle and send it to a lab to be checked for inflammation crystals or infection. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent further joint damage. The underlying cause often cannot be cured. LIFESTYLE CHANGES Lifestyle changes are the preferred treatment for osteoarthritis and other types of joint swelling. Exercise can help relieve stiffness, reduce pain and fatigue, and improve muscle and bone strength. Your health care team can help you design an exercise program that is best for you. Exercise programs may include: Low-impact aerobic activity (also called endurance exercise). Walking is a good example. Range of motion exercises for flexibility. Strength training for muscle tone. Your provider may suggest physical therapy. This might include: Heat or ice Splints or orthotics to support joints and help improve their position; this is often needed for rheumatoid arthritis Water therapy Massage Other things you can do include: Get plenty of sleep. Sleeping 8 to 10 hours a night and taking naps during the day can help you recover from a flare-up more quickly, and may even help prevent flare-ups. Avoid staying in one position for too long. Avoid positions or movements that place extra stress on your sore joints. Change your home to make activities easier. For example, install grab bars in the shower, the tub, and near the toilet. Try stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, yoga, or tai chi. Eat a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables, which contain important vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin E. Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as cold-water fish (salmon, mackerel, and herring), flaxseed, rapeseed (canola) oil, soybeans, soybean oil, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Apply capsaicin cream over your painful joints. You may feel improvement after applying the cream for 3 to 7 days. Lose weight, if you are overweight. Weight loss can greatly improve joint pain in the legs and feet. Use a cane to reduce pain from hip, knee, ankle, or foot arthritis. MEDICINES Medicines may be prescribed along with lifestyle changes. All medicines have some risks. You should be closely followed by a doctor when taking arthritis medicines. Over-the-counter medicines: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is often the first medicine tried to reduce pain. Take up to 3,000 mg a day (2 arthritis-strength Tylenol every 8 hours). To prevent damage to your liver, do not take more than the recommended dose. Since multiple medicines are available without a prescription that also contain acetaminophen, you will need to include them in the 3,000 mg per day maximum. Also, avoid alcohol when taking acetaminophen. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can relieve arthritis pain. However, they can carry risks when used for a long time. Possible side effects include heart attack, stroke, stomach ulcers, bleeding from the digestive tract, and kidney damage. Prescription medicines: Corticosteroids ('steroids') help reduce inflammation. They may be injected into painful joints or given by mouth. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to treat autoimmune arthritis. They include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. Biologics are used for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They include etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), abatacept (Orencia), rituximab (Rituxan), golimumab (Simponi), certolizumab (Cimzia), and tocilizumab (Actemra). These drugs can improve the quality of life for many people, but can have serious side effects. Other drugs for RA -- Janus kinase inhibitor: Tofacitinib (Xeljanz). This is a medicine taken by mouth that is now approved for treating RA. For gout, allopurinol (Zyloprim), febuxostat (Uloric) or probenecid (Benemid) may be used to lower uric acid. For osteoarthritis of the knee, injections of steroids (Kenalog) or hyaluronic acid (Synvisc) may provide short-term pain relief. A knee brace may also help. It is very important to take your medicines as directed by your provider. If you are having problems doing so (for example, because of side effects), you should talk to your provider. Also make sure your provider knows about your all the medicines you are taking, including vitamins and supplements bought without a prescription. SURGERY AND OTHER TREATMENTS In some cases, surgery may be done if other treatments have not worked. This may include: Joint replacement, such as a total knee joint replacement. A few arthritis-related disorders can be completely cured with proper treatment. Most forms of arthritis however are long-term (chronic) conditions. Complications of arthritis include: Long-term (chronic) pain Disability Difficulty performing daily activities. Call your provider if: Your joint pain persists beyond 3 days. You have severe unexplained joint pain. The affected joint is significantly swollen. You have a hard time moving the joint. Your skin around the joint is red or hot to the touch. You have a fever or have lost weight unintentionally. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage. If you have a family history of arthritis, tell your provider, even if you do not have joint pain. Avoiding excessive, repeated motions may help protect you against osteoarthritis. Joint inflammation; Joint degeneration. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis in hip Arthritis in hip Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Knee joint replacement - Series Knee joint replacement - series Hip joint replacement - Series Hip joint replacement - series. Kavanaugh A, Grevich SC. Rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Arthritis 1 | CAFL | 120,962,727,787,880,1550,802,1664,80,60,40,30,25,26,20,10,5000,10000,7.69,3,1.2,28,1.5 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis 2 | XTRA | 1.19,1.5,3,7,6.9,7.7,9.39,9.4,10,20,25,26,28,30,40,60,80,100,120,230,250,512,660,690,728,770,787,802,880,1500,1550,1664,2720,3000,3176,5000,10000 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Arthrosis and Parathyroid Disturbances Affecting Calcium Metabolism | CAFL | 9.6 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. Other uses: Subluxation Induced Disorders, facial toning. |
| Arthritis General | CAFL | 10000,5000,2720,1664,1550,962,880,802,800,787,776,766,727,688,683,650,625,600,120,20 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Gout | XTRA | 9.39,9.4,20,660,690,727.5,787,880,3000,10000 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Juvenile Chronic | ETDF | 60,780,7500,40000,398400,476500,527000,665340,761850,987230 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid | KHZ | 60,780,7500,40000,275090,476500,527000,665340,761850,987230 | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may experience symptoms for only a few months, while others have symptoms for the rest of their lives. Some types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause serious complications, such as growth problems, joint damage and eye inflammation. Treatment focuses on controlling pain and inflammation, improving function, and preventing joint damage. |
| Arthritis Post-infectious | ETDF | 60,650,800,5810,42500,398400,410000,571000,828000,937410 | Use Streptococcus pPneumonia, and Mycoplasma general if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Reactive | KHZ | 60,650,800,5810,42500,275000,410000,571000,828000,937410 | Use Streptococcus pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Rheumatism and Osteoporosis | ETDF | 50,900,9000,11090,55330,225470,398400,425710,522530,642910 | May be due to bacteria like Chlamydia Pneumoniae. |
| Arthritis Rheumatoid | CAFL | 2.4,250,262,600,625,650,727,751 | Muscles and tendons. May be due to bacteria like Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Use General Antiseptic and Parasites General if no response. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Rheumatoid | ETDF | 190,1000,2800,17500,398400,225000,510250,682020,759830,932410 | Muscles and tendons. May be due to bacteria like Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Use General Antiseptic and Parasites General if no response. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Rheumatoid | KHZ | 190,1000,2800,17500,45000,225000,510250,682020,759830,932410 | Muscles and tendons. May be due to bacteria like Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Use General Antiseptic and Parasites General if no response. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Rheumatoid | XTRA | 1.19,250,262,600,625,650,727,766,787 | Muscles and tendons. May be due to bacteria like Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Use General Antiseptic and Parasites General if no response. See Bursitis. |
| Arthritis Secondary | CAFL | 2720,1000,1500,770 | Use Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Mycoplasma General if needed. See Bursitis. |
| Arthrogryposis | ETDF | 190,570,830,2250,5090,67500,96500,325160,424370,566410 | Congenital joint contractures in two or more body areas. |
| Arthropathy Neurogenic | ETDF | 110,5330,7000,15000,125000,350000,425000,571000,828000,932000 | Rapidly destructive joint disease with impaired pain sensation. |
| Arthropod Diseases | ETDF | 60,850,7800,25000,52500,275090,426900,571000,829000,937410 | Diseases transmitted by arthropods. |
| Asbestos in Lungs | PROV | 5111 | See Asbestosis. |
| Asbestosis | ETDF | 40,970,7500,87500,175330,475160,527000,657110,742000,985670 | Caused by inhalation and retention of asbestos fibres. Encyclopedia Entry for Asbestosis : Asbestosis. Breathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally. How severe the disease is depends on how long the person was exposed to asbestos and the amount that was breathed in. Often, the symptoms aren't noticed for 20 years or more after the asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers were commonly used in construction before 1975. Asbestos exposure occurred in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. Families of asbestos workers can also be exposed from particles brought home on the worker's clothing. Other asbestos-related diseases include: Pleural plaques (calcification) Malignant mesothelioma (cancer of the pleura, the lining of the lung), which can develop 20 to 40 years after exposure Pleural effusion , which is a collection that develops around the lung a few years after asbestos exposure and is benign Lung cancer Workers today are less likely to get asbestos-related diseases because of government regulations. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases. Symptoms may include any of the following: Chest pain Cough Shortness of breath with activity (slowly gets worse over time) Tightness in the chest Possible other symptoms include: Clubbing of fingers Nail abnormalities. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. When listening to the chest with a stethoscope, the provider may hear crackling sounds called rales. These tests may help diagnose the disease: Chest x-ray CT scan of the lungs Lung function tests. There is no cure. Stopping exposure to asbestos is essential. To ease symptoms, drainage and chest percussion can help remove fluids from the lungs. The doctor may prescribe aerosol medicines to thin lung fluids. People with this condition may need to receive oxygen by mask or by a plastic piece that fits into the nostrils. Certain people may need a lung transplant. You can ease the stress of this illness by joining a lung support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. These resources can provide more information on asbestosis: American Lung Association -- www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis The Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization -- www.asbestosdiseaseawareness.org US Occupational Safety and Health Administration -- www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos. Outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to and how long you were exposed. People who develop malignant mesothelioma tend to have a poor outcome. Call your provider if you suspect that you have been exposed to asbestos and you have breathing problems. Having asbestosis makes it easier for you to develop lung infections. Talk to your provider about getting the flu and pneumonia vaccines. If you've been diagnosed with asbestosis, call your provider right away if you develop a cough, shortness of breath, fever, or other signs of a lung infection, especially if you think you have the flu. Since your lungs are already damaged, it's very important to have the infection treated right away. This will prevent breathing problems from becoming severe, as well as further damage to your lungs. In people who have been exposed to asbestos for more than 10 years, screening with a chest x-ray every 3 to 5 years may detect asbestos-related diseases early. Stopping cigarette smoking can greatly reduce the risk of asbestos-related lung cancer. Pulmonary fibrosis - from asbestos exposure; Interstitial pneumonitis - from asbestos exposure. Interstitial lung disease - adults - discharge. Respiratory system Respiratory system. Cowie RL, Becklake MR. Pneumoconioses. |
| Ascariasis | ETDF | 60,1330,5270,10890,90000,379930,425000,571000,829000,932000 | Caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris Lumbricoides. Encyclopedia Entry for Ascariasis : Ascariasis - Roundworm infections - Ascaris lumbricoides (intestinal nematode) Encyclopedia Entry for Ascariasis : Ascariasis. People get ascariasis by consuming food or drink that is contaminated with roundworm eggs. Ascariasis is the most common intestinal worm infection. It is related to poor personal hygiene and poor sanitation. People who live in places where human feces (stool) are used as fertilizer are also at risk for this disease. Once consumed, the eggs hatch and release immature roundworms called larvae inside the small intestine. Within a few days, the larvae move through the bloodstream to the lungs. They travel up through the large airways of the lungs, and are swallowed back into the stomach and small intestine. As the larvae move through the lungs they may cause an uncommon form of pneumonia called eosinophilic pneumonia. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. Once the larvae are back in the small intestine, they mature into adult roundworms. Adult worms live in the small intestine, where they lay eggs that are present in feces. They can live 10 to 24 months. An estimated 1 billion people are infected worldwide. Ascariasis occurs in people of all ages, though children are affected more severely than adults. Most of the time, there are no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include: Bloody sputum (mucus coughed up by the lower airways) Cough, wheezing Low-grade fever Passing worms in stool Shortness of breath Skin rash Stomach pain Vomiting or coughing up worms Worms leaving the body through the nose or mouth. The infected person may show signs of malnutrition. Tests to diagnose this condition include: Abdominal x-ray or other imaging tests Complete blood count Eosinophil count Stool exam to look for worms and worm eggs. Treatment includes medicines that paralyze or kill intestinal parasitic worms. If there is a blockage of the intestine caused by a large number of worms, a procedure called endoscopy may be used to remove the worms. In rare cases, surgery is needed. People who are treated for roundworms should be checked again in 3 months. This involves examining the stools to check for eggs of the worm. If eggs are present, treatment should be given again. Most people recover from symptoms of the infection, even without treatment. But they may continue to carry the worms in their body. Complications can be caused by adult worms that move to certain organs, such as the: Appendix Bile duct Pancreas If the worms multiply, they can block the intestine. These complications may occur: Blockage in the bile ducts of the liver Blockage in the intestine Hole in the gut. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of ascariasis, particularly if you have traveled to an area where the disease is common. Also call: If symptoms get worse If symptoms do not improve with treatment If new symptoms occur. Improved sanitation and hygiene in developing countries will reduce the risk in those areas. In places where ascariasis is common, people may be given deworming medicines as a preventive measure. Intestinal parasite - ascariasis; Roundworm - ascariasis. Roundworm eggs - ascariasis Roundworm eggs - ascariasis Digestive system organs Digestive system organs. Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE. Intestinal nematodes. Encyclopedia Entry for Ascariasis : Ascariasis. Source of disease: Ascaris lumbricoides |
| Ascaris Larvae | HC | 404900-409150 | Parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. |
| Ascaris Larvae | XTRA | 1003.64,1011.33,1014.17,12653.12,12750,12785.94 | Parasitic roundworm Ascaris Lumbricoides. |
| Ascaris Lumbricoides | XTRA | 2596255.74955 | Parasitic roundworm. Use cloves to calm parasites between treatments. Chlorella is essential to remove mercury from die-off. |
| Ascaris Lumbricoides All Stages | XTRA | 471910.2143,55455.4555,7456.5499,4777.5565 | SRH4. Use cloves to calm parasites between treatments. Chlorella is essential to remove mercury from die-off. |
| Ascaris Megalocephala (Male) | HC | 403850-409700 | Parasitic roundworm species. |
| Ascaris Megalocephala All Stages | XTRA | 128159.7732,111.1211,8810.5764,22450.8855,34688.1655 | First freq wakes hibernating parasites, last two kill Candida tropicalis (needed by this). Colloidal silver in large doses kills non-hiberators. Multiple treatments over many days may be needed. |
| Ascites | ETDF | 70,520,6230,37500,355080,475090,527000,667000,789000,987230 | Fluid in peritoneal cavity. Encyclopedia Entry for Ascites : Ascites. Ascites results from high pressure in the blood vessels of the liver (portal hypertension) and low levels of a protein called albumin. Diseases that can cause severe liver damage can lead to ascites. These include long-term hepatitis C or B infection and alcohol abuse over many years, and more and more frequently, fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). People with certain cancers in the abdomen may develop ascites. These include cancer of the appendix, colon, ovaries, uterus, pancreas, and liver. Other conditions that can cause this problem include: Clots in the veins of the liver (portal vein thrombosis) Congestive heart failure Pancreatitis Thickening and scarring of the sac-like covering of the heart Kidney dialysis may also be linked to ascites. Symptoms may develop slowly or suddenly depending on the cause of ascites. You may have no symptoms if there is only a small amount of fluid in the belly. As more fluid collects, you may have abdominal pain and bloating. Large amounts of fluid can cause shortness of breath. Many other symptoms of liver failure may also be present. Your doctor will do a physical exam to determine the amount of swelling in your belly. You may also have the following tests to assess your liver and kidneys: 24-hour urine collection Electrolyte levels Kidney function tests Liver function tests Tests to measure the risk of bleeding and protein levels in the blood Urinalysis Abdominal ultrasound Your doctor may also use a thin needle to withdraw ascites fluid from your belly. The fluid is tested to look for the cause of ascites. The condition that causes ascites will be treated, if possible. Treatments for fluid build-up may include lifestyle changes : Avoiding alcohol Lowering salt in your diet (no more than 1,500 mg/day of sodium) Limiting fluid intake You may also get medicines from your doctor, including: 'Water pills' (diuretics) to get rid of extra fluid Antibiotics for infections Other things you can do to help take care of your liver disease are: Get vaccinated for diseases such as influenza, hepatitis A and hepatitis B, and pneumococcal pneumonia Talk to your doctor about all medicines you take, including herbs and supplements and over-the-counter medicines Procedures that you may have are: Inserting a needle into the belly to remove large volumes of fluid (called a paracentesis) Placing a special tube or shunt inside your liver (TIPS) to repair blood flow to the liver People with end-stage liver disease may need a liver transplant. If you have cirrhosis, avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). Complications may include: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (a life-threatening infection of the ascites fluid) Hepatorenal syndrome (kidney failure) Weight loss and protein malnutrition Mental confusion, change in the level of alertness, or coma (hepatic encephalopathy) Bleeding from the upper or lower intestine Other complications of liver cirrhosis. If you have ascites, call your health care provider right away if you have: Fever above 100.5 F (38.05 C), or a fever that does not go away Belly pain Blood in your stool or black, tarry stools Blood in your vomit Bruising or bleeding that occurs easily Build-up of fluid in your belly Swollen legs or ankles Breathing problems Confusion or problems staying awake Yellow color in your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice). Portal hypertension - ascites; Cirrhosis - ascites; Liver failure - ascites; Alcohol use - ascites; End-stage liver disease - ascites; ESLD - ascites. Ascites with ovarian cancer, CT scan Ascites with ovarian cancer, CT scan Digestive system organs Digestive system organs. Garcia-Tsao G. Cirrhosis and its sequelae. |
| Ascites 1 | XTRA | 70,4160.24920,37500,31907,37605,31000,39167,18667,34577 | SRH4. Fluid in peritoneal cavity. |
| Ascites 2 | XTRA | 43379.96875,43380.03125,43380,41989.96875,4190.03125,41990,19009.96875,19010.13125,19010,18949.96875,18950.03125,18950 | SRH4. Fluid in peritoneal cavity. Converted from F165 format - may need Duty Cycle of 55%. |
| Ascorbic Acid Deficiency | ETDF | 50,730,2950,47500,222530,452590,517500,683000,712000,993410 | Also called scurvy. Vitamin C deficiency. See Avitaminosis, Vitamin C Deficiency, and other deficiency programs. |
| Asian Grippe A | CAFL | 516,656,434 | Influenza. Lung |
| Asperger Syndrome | ETDF | 40,400,2500,10530,47500,210250,518920,688290,712230,916000 | Autism spectrum disorder. |
| Aspergillosis | ETDF | 120,830,5000,7250,37500,357300,434250,563190,709830,978050 | Infection by Aspergillus fungi, mainly pulmonary. Also see Aspergillus and Aflatoxin. Lung Encyclopedia Entry for Aspergillosis : Aspergillosis precipitin. A blood sample is needed. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it is examined for precipitin bands that form when aspergillus antibodies are present. There is no special preparation. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away. Your health care provider may order this test if you have signs of an aspergillosis infection. A normal test result means you do not have aspergillus antibodies. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. A positive result means antibodies to the fungus have been detected. This result means you have been exposed to the fungus at some point, but it does not necessarily mean you have an active infection. False-negative results are possible. For example, invasive aspergillosis often does not produce a positive result, even though aspergillus is present. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). Aspergillus immunodiffusion test; Test for precipitating antibodies. Blood test Blood test. Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Aspergillus antibody. Encyclopedia Entry for Aspergillosis : Aspergillosis. Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus called aspergillus. The fungus is often found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It can also be found on marijuana leaves. Although most people are often exposed to aspergillus, infections caused by the fungus rarely occur in people who have a healthy immune system. There are several forms of aspergillosis: Allergic pulmonary aspergillosis is an allergic reaction to the fungus. This infection usually develops in people who already have lung problems such as asthma or cystic fibrosis. Aspergilloma is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of past lung disease or lung scarring such as tuberculosis or lung abscess. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious infection with pneumonia. It can spread to other parts of the body. This infection occurs most often in people with a weakened immune system. This can be from cancer, AIDS, leukemia, an organ transplant, chemotherapy, or other conditions or drugs that lower the number or function of white blood cells or weaken the immune system. Symptoms depend on the type of infection. Symptoms of allergic pulmonary aspergillosis may include: Cough Coughing up blood or brownish mucus plugs Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Wheezing Weight loss Other symptoms depend on the part of the body affected, and may include: Bone pain Chest pain Chills Decreased urine output Headaches Increased phlegm production, which may be bloody Shortness of breath Skin sores (lesions) Vision problems. The health care provider will perform a physical examination and ask about the symptoms. Tests to diagnose aspergillus infection include: Aspergillus antibody test Chest x-ray Complete blood count CT scan Galactomannan (a molecule from the fungus that is sometimes found in the blood) Immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood level Lung function tests Sputum stain and culture for aspergillus Tissue biopsy. A fungus ball is usually not treated with antifungal medicines unless there is bleeding into the lung tissue. In such a case, surgery and medicines are needed. Invasive aspergillosis is treated with several weeks of an antifungal medicine. It can be given by mouth or IV (into a vein). Endocarditis caused by aspergillus is treated by surgically replacing the infected heart valves. Long-term antifungal drugs are also needed. Allergic aspergillosis is treated with drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs), such as prednisone. With treatment, people with allergic aspergillosis usually get better over time. It is common for the disease to come back (relapse) and need repeat treatment. If invasive aspergillosis does not get better with drug treatment, it eventually leads to death. The outlook for invasive aspergillosis also depends on the person's underlying disease and immune system health. Health problems from the disease or treatment include: Amphotericin B can cause kidney damage and unpleasant side effects such as fever and chills Bronchiectasis (permanent scarring and enlargement of the small sacs in the lungs) Invasive lung disease can cause massive bleeding from the lung Mucus plugs in the airways Permanent airway blockage Respiratory failure. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of aspergillosis or if you have a weakened immune system and develop a fever. Precautions should be taken when using medicines that suppress the immune system. Aspergillus infection. Aspergilloma Aspergilloma Pulmonary aspergillosis Pulmonary aspergillosis Aspergillosis - chest X-ray Aspergillosis - chest x-ray. Patterson TF. Aspergillus species. Encyclopedia Entry for Aspergillosis : Aspergillosis. Source of disease: Aspergillus species |
| Aspergillus flavus | XTRA | 364 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. |
| Aspergillus Flavus | CAFL | 1823,247,1972 | Mold found on corn, peanuts, and grain that produces Aflatoxin. Lung |
| Aspergillus Flavus | VEGA | 1823 | Mold found on corn, peanuts, and grain that produces Aflatoxin. Lung |
| Aspergillus Fumigatus | XTRA | 248 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. Species involved in about 90 per cent of aspergillus infections. |
| Aspergillus Glaucus | CAFL | 524,758 | Blue mold occurring in some human infectious processes. Brain |
| Aspergillus Glaucus | VEGA | 524 | Blue mold occurring in some human infectious processes. Brain |
| Aspergillus Niger | BIO | 374 | Common mold that may produce severe and persistent infection. |
| Aspergillus Terreus | CAFL | 743,339 | Mold occasionally associated with infection of the bronchi and lungs. Lung |
| Aspergillus Terreus | VEGA | 743 | Mold occasionally associated with infection of the bronchi and lungs. Lung |
| Asphyxia | ETDF | 30,700,2500,5070,40000,72500,125000,275160,829000,937410 | Severe deficiency of oxygen due to abnormal breathing. Lung |
| Asthma | BIO | 1233,1283 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - child - discharge. In the hospital, the provider helped your child breathe better. This likely involved giving oxygen through a mask and medicines to open the lung airways. Your child will probably still have asthma symptoms after leaving the hospital. These symptoms include: Wheezing and coughing that may last up to 5 days Sleeping and eating that may take up to a week to return to normal You may need to take time off work to care for your child. Make sure you know the asthma symptoms to watch out for in your child. You should know how to take your child's peak flow reading and understand what it means. Know your child's personal best number. Know your child's peak flow reading that tells you if their asthma is getting worse. Know your child's peak flow reading that means you need to call your child's provider. Keep the phone number for your child's provider with you. Triggers may make asthma symptoms worse. Know which triggers make your child's asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Common triggers include: Pets Smells from chemicals and cleaners Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Know how to prevent or treat asthma symptoms that arise when your child is active. These things might also trigger your child's asthma: Cold or dry air. Smoky or polluted air. Grass that has just been mowed. Starting and stopping an activity too fast. Try to make sure your child warms up before being very active and cools down after. Understand your child's asthma medicines and how they should be taken. These include: Control medicines that your child takes every day Quick-relief asthma drugs when your child has symptoms. No one should smoke in your house. This includes you, your visitors, your child's babysitters, and anyone else who comes to your house. Smokers should smoke outside and wear a coat. The coat will keep smoke particles from sticking to clothes, so it should be left outside or away from the child. Ask people who work at your child's day care, preschool, school, and anyone else who takes care of your child, if they smoke. If they do, make sure they smoke away from your child. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. They may need help from school staff to keep their asthma under control and to be able to do school activities. There should be an asthma action plan at school. The people who should have a copy of the plan include: Your child's teacher The school nurse The school office Gym teachers and coaches Your child should be able to take asthma medicines at school when needed. School staff should know your child's asthma triggers. Your child should be able to go to another location to get away from asthma triggers, if needed. Call your child's provider if your child is having any of the following: Hard time breathing Chest muscles are pulling in with each breath Breathing faster than 50 to 60 breaths per minute (when not crying) Making a grunting noise Sitting with shoulders hunched over Skin, nails, gums, lips, or area around the eyes is bluish or grayish Extremely tired Not moving around very much Limp or floppy body Nostrils are flaring out when breathing Also call the provider if your child: Loses their appetite Is irritable Has trouble sleeping. Pediatric asthma - discharge; Wheezing - discharge; Reactive airway disease - discharge. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Liu AH, Covar RA, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Childhood asthma. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - children. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. During an asthma attack, the muscles surrounding the airways tighten. The lining of the air passages swells. As a result, less air is able to pass through. Asthma is often seen in children. It is a leading cause of missed school days and hospital visits for children. An allergic reaction is a key part of asthma in children. Asthma and allergies often occur together. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole In children who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens , or triggers. Common asthma triggers include: Animals (hair or dander) Dust, mold, and pollen Aspirin and other medicines Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Tobacco smoke Exercise Strong emotions Viral infections, such as the common cold. Breathing problems are common. They can include: Shortness of breath Feeling out of breath Gasping for air Trouble breathing out (exhaling) Breathing faster than normal When the child is having a hard time breathing, the skin of the chest and neck may suck inward. Other symptoms of asthma in children include: Coughing that sometimes wakes the child up at night (it may be the only symptom). Dark bags under the eyes. Feeling tired. Irritability. Tightness in the chest. A whistling sound made when breathing ( wheezing ). You may notice it more when the child breathes out. Your child's asthma symptoms may vary. Symptoms may appear often or develop only when triggers are present. Some children are more likely to have asthma symptoms at night. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to the child's lungs. The provider may be able to hear asthma sounds. However, lung sounds are often normal when the child is not having an asthma episode. Peak flow meter The provider will have the child breathe into a device called a peak flow meter. Peak flow meters can tell how well the child can blow air out of the lungs. If the airways are narrow due to asthma, peak flow values drop. You and your child will learn to measure peak flow at home. Tests may include: Allergy testing on the skin , or a blood test to see if your child is allergic to certain substances Chest x-ray Lung function tests. You and your child's providers should work together as a team to create and carry out an asthma action plan. This plan will tell you how to: Avoid asthma triggers Monitor symptoms Measure peak flow Take medicines The plan should also tell you when to call the provider. It is important to know what questions to ask your child's provider. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. Give the school staff your asthma action plan so they know how to take care of your child's asthma. Find out how to let your child take medicine during school hours. (You may need to sign a consent form.) Having asthma does not mean your child cannot exercise. Coaches, gym teachers, and your child should know what to do if your child has asthma symptoms caused by exercise. ASTHMA MEDICINES There are two basic kinds of medicine used to treat asthma. Long-term control drugs are taken every day to prevent asthma symptoms. Your child should take these medicines even if no symptoms are present. Some children may need more than one long-term control medicine. Types of long-term control medicines include: Inhaled steroids (these are usually the first choice of treatment) Long-acting bronchodilators (these are almost always used with inhaled steroids) Leukotriene inhibitors Cromolyn sodium Quick relief or rescue asthma drugs work fast to control asthma symptoms. Children take them when they are coughing, wheezing, having trouble breathing, or having an asthma attack. Some of your child's asthma medicines can be taken using an inhaler. Children who use an inhaler should use a spacer device. This helps them get the medicine into the lungs properly. If your child uses the inhaler the wrong way, less medicine gets into the lungs. Have your provider show your child how to correctly use an inhaler. Younger children can use a nebulizer instead of an inhaler to take their medicine. A nebulizer turns asthma medicine into a mist. GETTING RID OF TRIGGERS It is important to know your child's asthma triggers. Avoiding them is the first step toward helping your child feel better. Keep pets outdoor, or at least away from the child's bedroom. Common asthma triggers No one should smoke in a house or around a child with asthma. Getting rid of tobacco smoke in the home is the single most important thing a family can do to help a child with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke carry the smoke inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. DO NOT use indoor fireplaces. Keep the house clean. Keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches, which can trigger asthma attacks. Cleaning products in the home should be unscented. MONITOR YOUR CHILD'S ASTHMA Checking peak flow is one of the best ways to control asthma. It can help you keep your child's asthma from getting worse. Asthma attacks usually DO NOT happen without warning. Children under age 5 may not be able to use a peak flow meter well enough for it to be helpful. However, a child should start using the peak flow meter at a young age to get used to it. An adult should always watch for a child's asthma symptoms. With proper treatment, most children with asthma can live a normal life. When asthma is not well controlled, it can lead to missed school, problems playing sports, missed work for parents, and many visits to the provider's office and emergency room. Asthma symptoms often lessen or go away completely as the child gets older. Asthma that is not well controlled can lead to lasting lung problems. In rare cases, asthma is a life-threatening disease. Families need to work closely with their providers to develop a plan to care for a child with asthma. Call your child's provider if you think your child has new symptoms of asthma. If your child has been diagnosed with asthma, call the provider: After an emergency room visit When peak flow numbers have been getting lower When symptoms get more frequent and more severe, even though your child is following the asthma action plan If your child is having trouble breathing or having an asthma attack, get medical help right away. Emergency symptoms include: Difficulty breathing Bluish color to the lips and face Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Rapid pulse Sweating Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion A child who is having a severe asthma attack may need to stay in the hospital and get oxygen and medicines through a vein (intravenous line or IV). Pediatric asthma; Asthma - pediatric; Wheezing - asthma - children. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Lungs Lungs Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - control drugs. Inhaled corticosteroids prevent your airways from swelling in order to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Inhaled steroids are used with a metered dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer. Or, they may be used with a dry powder inhaler. You should use an inhaled steroid every day, even if you do not have symptoms. After you use it, rinse your mouth with water, gargle, and spit it out. If your child cannot use an inhaler, your doctor will give you a drug to use with a nebulizer. This machine turns liquid medicine into a spray so your child can breathe the medicine in. These medicines relax the muscles of your airways to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Normally, you use these medicines only when you are using an inhaled steroid drug and you still have symptoms. DO NOT take these long-acting medicines alone. Use this medicine every day, even if you do not have symptoms. Your doctor may ask you to take both a steroid drug and a long-acting beta-agonist drug. It may be easier to use an inhaler that has both drugs in them. These medicines are used to prevent asthma symptoms. They come in tablet or pill form and can be used together with a steroid inhaler. Cromolyn is a medicine that may prevent asthma symptoms. It can be used in a nebulizer, so it may be easy for young children to take. Asthma - inhaled corticosteroids; Asthma - long-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - leukotriene modifiers; Asthma - cromolyn; Bronchial asthma-control drugs; Wheezing - control drugs; Reactive airway disease - control drugs. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - quick-relief drugs. Short-acting beta-agonists are the most common quick-relief drugs for treating asthma attacks. They can be used just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise. They work by relaxing the muscles of your airways, and this lets you breathe better during an attack. Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more to control your asthma symptoms. Your asthma may not be under control, and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Some quick-relief asthma medicines include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) Metaproterenol Terbutaline Quick-relief asthma medicines may cause these side effects: Anxiety. Tremor (your hand or another part of your body may shake). Restlessness. Headache. Fast and irregular heartbeats. Call your doctor right away if you have this side effect. Your doctor might prescribe oral steroids when you have an asthma attack that is not going away. These are medicines that you take by mouth as pills, capsules, or liquids. Oral steroids are not quick-relief medicines but are often given for 7 to 14 days when your symptoms flare-up. Oral steroids include: Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone. Asthma - quick-relief drugs - short-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - bronchodilators; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - oral steroids; Asthma - rescue drugs; Bronchial asthma - quick relief; Reactive airway disease - quick relief; Exercise-induced asthma - quick relief. Asthma quick-relief drugs Asthma quick-relief drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult. Am I taking my asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should I be taking every day (called controller drugs)? What should I do if I miss a day or a dose? How should I adjust my medicines if I feel better or worse? Which medicines should I take when I am short of breath (called rescue drugs)? Is it ok to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of my medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when my inhalers are getting empty? Am I using my inhaler the right way? Should I be using a spacer? What are some signs that my asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when I feel short of breath? What shots or vaccinations do I need? What will make my asthma worse? How can I prevent things that can make my asthma worse? How can I prevent getting a lung infection? How can I get help quitting smoking? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around my home? Can I have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it ok for me to clean and vacuum in the house? Is it ok to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my bed or pillows? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or wood-burning stove? What sort of changes do I need to make at work? What exercises are better for me to do? Are there times when I should avoid being outside and exercising? Are there things that I can do before I start exercising? Do I need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know I am going to be around something that triggers my asthma? What type of planning do I need to do before I travel? What medicines should I bring? How do I get refills? Whom should I call if my asthma gets worse? Should I have extra medicines in case something happens?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - adult. Lugogo N, Que LG, Gilstrap DL, Kraft M. Asthma: clinical diagnosis and management. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child. Is my child taking asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should my child take every day (called controller drugs )? What should I do if my child misses a day? Which medicines should my child take when they are short of breath (called rescue drugs )? Is it OK to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of these medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when the inhalers are getting empty? Is my child using the inhaler the right way? Should my child be using a spacer ? What are some signs that a child's asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when my child feels short of breath? What shots or vaccinations does my child need? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around the home? Can we have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it OK for anyone to smoke in the house? How about if my child is not in the house when someone is smoking? Is it OK for me to clean and vacuum when my child is in the house? Is it OK to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my child's bed or pillows? Can my child have stuffed animals? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or a wood-burning stove? What does my child's school or daycare need to know about my child's asthma? Do I need to have an asthma plan for the school? How can I make sure my child can use the medicines at school? Can my child participate fully in gym class at school? What types of exercises or activities are better for a child with asthma to do? Are there times when my child should avoid being outside? Are there things that I can do before my child starts exercising? Does my child need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know my child will be around something that triggers their asthma? What type of arrangements do I need to make when we are planning to travel? What medicines should I bring? How do we get refills? Who should I call if my child's asthma gets worse?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - child. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and allergy resources. Resources - asthma and allergy. Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and school. Your child's school asthma action plan should include: Phone numbers or email address of your child's doctor, nurse, parents, and guardians A brief history of your child's asthma Asthma symptoms to watch for Your child's personal best peak flow reading What to do to make sure your child can be as active as possible during recess and physical education class Include a list of triggers that make your child's asthma worse, such as: Smells from chemicals and cleaning products Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Provide details about your child's asthma medicines and how to take them, including: Daily medicines to control your child's asthma Quick-relief medicines to control asthma symptoms Lastly, your child's doctor and parent or guardian's signatures should be on the action plan as well. These staff should each have a copy of your child's asthma action plan: Your child's teacher School nurse School office Gym teachers and coaches. Asthma action plan - school; Wheezing - school; Reactive airway disease - school; Bronchial asthma - school. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the air passages swells and the muscles surrounding the airways become tight. This reduces the amount of air that can pass through the airway. In people who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens or triggers. Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers include: Animals (pet hair or dander) Dust mites Certain medicines (aspirin and other NSAIDS) Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Exercise Mold Pollen Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Strong emotions (stress) Tobacco smoke Substances in some workplaces can also trigger asthma symptoms, leading to occupational asthma. The most common triggers are wood dust, grain dust, animal dander, fungi, or chemicals. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies , such as hay fever ( allergic rhinitis ) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. Most people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Either wheezing or a cough may be the main symptom. Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days. Attacks can become dangerous if airflow is severely blocked. Symptoms of asthma include: Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) production Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing ( intercostal retractions ) Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity Wheezing Emergency symptoms that need prompt medical help include: Bluish color to the lips and face Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Sweating Other symptoms that may occur: Abnormal breathing pattern -- breathing out takes more than twice as long as breathing in Breathing temporarily stops Chest pain Tightness in the chest. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs. Wheezing or other asthma-related sounds may be heard. Tests that may be ordered include: Allergy testing -- skin or a blood test to see if a person with asthma is allergic to certain substances Arterial blood gas (usually only done with people who are having a severe asthma attack) Chest x-ray Lung function tests , including peak flow measurements. The goals of treatment are: Control airway swelling Stay away from substances that trigger your symptoms Help you to be able to do normal activities without asthma symptoms You and your doctor should work as a team to manage your asthma. Follow your doctor's instructions on taking medicines, eliminating asthma triggers, and monitoring symptoms. MEDICINES FOR ASTHMA There are two kinds of medicines for treating asthma: Control medicines to help prevent attacks Quick-relief (rescue) medicines for use during attacks LONG-TERM MEDICINES These are also called maintenance or control medicines. They are used to prevent symptoms in people with moderate to severe asthma. You must take them every day for them to work. Take them even when you feel OK. Some long-term medicines are breathed in (inhaled), such as steroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Others are taken by mouth (orally). Your doctor will prescribe the right medicine for you. QUICK-RELIEF MEDICINES These are also called rescue medicines. They are taken: For coughing, wheezing, trouble breathing, or an asthma attack Just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more. If so, your asthma may not be under control and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Quick-relief medicines include: Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators Oral corticosteroids for when you have an asthma attack that is not going away A severe asthma attack requires a checkup by a doctor. You may also need a hospital stay. There, you will likely be given oxygen, breathing assistance, and medicines given through a vein (IV). ASTHMA CARE AT HOME Know the asthma symptoms to watch for. Know how to take your peak flow reading and what it means. Know which triggers make your asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Know how to care for your asthma when you exercise. Asthma action plans are written documents for managing asthma. An asthma action plan should include: Instructions for taking asthma medicines when your condition is stable A list of asthma triggers and how to avoid them How to recognize when your asthma is getting worse, and when to call your provider A peak flow meter is a simple device to measure how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. It can help you see if an attack is coming, sometimes even before symptoms appear. Peak flow measurements help let you know when you need to take medicine or other action. Peak flow values of 50% to 80% of your best results are a sign of a moderate asthma attack. Numbers below 50% are a sign of a severe attack. There is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper self-management and medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead a normal life. The complications of asthma can be severe, and may include: Death Decreased ability to exercise and take part in other activities Lack of sleep due to nighttime symptoms Permanent changes in the function of the lungs Persistent cough Trouble breathing that requires breathing assistance (ventilator). Call for an appointment with your provider if asthma symptoms develop. Call your provider or go to the emergency room if: An asthma attack requires more medicine than recommended Symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You have shortness of breath while talking Your peak flow measurement is 50% to 80% of your personal best Go to the emergency room if these symptoms occur: Drowsiness or confusion Severe shortness of breath at rest A peak flow measurement of less than 50% of your personal best Severe chest pain Bluish color to the lips and face Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath. You can reduce asthma symptoms by avoiding triggers and substances that irritate the airways. Cover bedding with allergy-proof casings to reduce exposure to dust mites. Remove carpets from bedrooms and vacuum regularly. Use only unscented detergents and cleaning materials in the home. Keep humidity levels low and fix leaks to reduce the growth of organisms such as mold. Keep the house clean and keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches. Body parts and droppings from cockroaches can trigger asthma attacks in some people. If someone is allergic to an animal that cannot be removed from the home, the animal should be kept out of the bedroom. Place filtering material over the heating outlets to trap animal dander. Change the filter in furnaces and air conditioners often. Eliminate tobacco smoke from the home. This is the single most important thing a family can do to help someone with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke outside carry smoke residue inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. If you smoke, now is a good time to quit. Avoid air pollution, industrial dust, and irritating fumes as much as possible. Bronchial asthma; Wheezing - asthma - adults. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers Traveling with breathing problems. Lungs Lungs Spirometry Spirometry Asthma Asthma Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers Exercise-induced asthma Exercise-induced asthma Respiratory system Respiratory system Spacer use - Series Spacer use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Nebulizer use - Series Nebulizer use - series Peak flow meter use - Series Peak flow meter use - Series. Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Can be caused by Rhinovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus and the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Asthma | CAFL | 7344,3702,3672,2720,2170,1800,1600,1500,1283,1234,1233,880,787,727,522,444,146,125,95,72,20,0.5 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - child - discharge. In the hospital, the provider helped your child breathe better. This likely involved giving oxygen through a mask and medicines to open the lung airways. Your child will probably still have asthma symptoms after leaving the hospital. These symptoms include: Wheezing and coughing that may last up to 5 days Sleeping and eating that may take up to a week to return to normal You may need to take time off work to care for your child. Make sure you know the asthma symptoms to watch out for in your child. You should know how to take your child's peak flow reading and understand what it means. Know your child's personal best number. Know your child's peak flow reading that tells you if their asthma is getting worse. Know your child's peak flow reading that means you need to call your child's provider. Keep the phone number for your child's provider with you. Triggers may make asthma symptoms worse. Know which triggers make your child's asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Common triggers include: Pets Smells from chemicals and cleaners Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Know how to prevent or treat asthma symptoms that arise when your child is active. These things might also trigger your child's asthma: Cold or dry air. Smoky or polluted air. Grass that has just been mowed. Starting and stopping an activity too fast. Try to make sure your child warms up before being very active and cools down after. Understand your child's asthma medicines and how they should be taken. These include: Control medicines that your child takes every day Quick-relief asthma drugs when your child has symptoms. No one should smoke in your house. This includes you, your visitors, your child's babysitters, and anyone else who comes to your house. Smokers should smoke outside and wear a coat. The coat will keep smoke particles from sticking to clothes, so it should be left outside or away from the child. Ask people who work at your child's day care, preschool, school, and anyone else who takes care of your child, if they smoke. If they do, make sure they smoke away from your child. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. They may need help from school staff to keep their asthma under control and to be able to do school activities. There should be an asthma action plan at school. The people who should have a copy of the plan include: Your child's teacher The school nurse The school office Gym teachers and coaches Your child should be able to take asthma medicines at school when needed. School staff should know your child's asthma triggers. Your child should be able to go to another location to get away from asthma triggers, if needed. Call your child's provider if your child is having any of the following: Hard time breathing Chest muscles are pulling in with each breath Breathing faster than 50 to 60 breaths per minute (when not crying) Making a grunting noise Sitting with shoulders hunched over Skin, nails, gums, lips, or area around the eyes is bluish or grayish Extremely tired Not moving around very much Limp or floppy body Nostrils are flaring out when breathing Also call the provider if your child: Loses their appetite Is irritable Has trouble sleeping. Pediatric asthma - discharge; Wheezing - discharge; Reactive airway disease - discharge. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Liu AH, Covar RA, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Childhood asthma. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - children. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. During an asthma attack, the muscles surrounding the airways tighten. The lining of the air passages swells. As a result, less air is able to pass through. Asthma is often seen in children. It is a leading cause of missed school days and hospital visits for children. An allergic reaction is a key part of asthma in children. Asthma and allergies often occur together. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole In children who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens , or triggers. Common asthma triggers include: Animals (hair or dander) Dust, mold, and pollen Aspirin and other medicines Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Tobacco smoke Exercise Strong emotions Viral infections, such as the common cold. Breathing problems are common. They can include: Shortness of breath Feeling out of breath Gasping for air Trouble breathing out (exhaling) Breathing faster than normal When the child is having a hard time breathing, the skin of the chest and neck may suck inward. Other symptoms of asthma in children include: Coughing that sometimes wakes the child up at night (it may be the only symptom). Dark bags under the eyes. Feeling tired. Irritability. Tightness in the chest. A whistling sound made when breathing ( wheezing ). You may notice it more when the child breathes out. Your child's asthma symptoms may vary. Symptoms may appear often or develop only when triggers are present. Some children are more likely to have asthma symptoms at night. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to the child's lungs. The provider may be able to hear asthma sounds. However, lung sounds are often normal when the child is not having an asthma episode. Peak flow meter The provider will have the child breathe into a device called a peak flow meter. Peak flow meters can tell how well the child can blow air out of the lungs. If the airways are narrow due to asthma, peak flow values drop. You and your child will learn to measure peak flow at home. Tests may include: Allergy testing on the skin , or a blood test to see if your child is allergic to certain substances Chest x-ray Lung function tests. You and your child's providers should work together as a team to create and carry out an asthma action plan. This plan will tell you how to: Avoid asthma triggers Monitor symptoms Measure peak flow Take medicines The plan should also tell you when to call the provider. It is important to know what questions to ask your child's provider. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. Give the school staff your asthma action plan so they know how to take care of your child's asthma. Find out how to let your child take medicine during school hours. (You may need to sign a consent form.) Having asthma does not mean your child cannot exercise. Coaches, gym teachers, and your child should know what to do if your child has asthma symptoms caused by exercise. ASTHMA MEDICINES There are two basic kinds of medicine used to treat asthma. Long-term control drugs are taken every day to prevent asthma symptoms. Your child should take these medicines even if no symptoms are present. Some children may need more than one long-term control medicine. Types of long-term control medicines include: Inhaled steroids (these are usually the first choice of treatment) Long-acting bronchodilators (these are almost always used with inhaled steroids) Leukotriene inhibitors Cromolyn sodium Quick relief or rescue asthma drugs work fast to control asthma symptoms. Children take them when they are coughing, wheezing, having trouble breathing, or having an asthma attack. Some of your child's asthma medicines can be taken using an inhaler. Children who use an inhaler should use a spacer device. This helps them get the medicine into the lungs properly. If your child uses the inhaler the wrong way, less medicine gets into the lungs. Have your provider show your child how to correctly use an inhaler. Younger children can use a nebulizer instead of an inhaler to take their medicine. A nebulizer turns asthma medicine into a mist. GETTING RID OF TRIGGERS It is important to know your child's asthma triggers. Avoiding them is the first step toward helping your child feel better. Keep pets outdoor, or at least away from the child's bedroom. Common asthma triggers No one should smoke in a house or around a child with asthma. Getting rid of tobacco smoke in the home is the single most important thing a family can do to help a child with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke carry the smoke inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. DO NOT use indoor fireplaces. Keep the house clean. Keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches, which can trigger asthma attacks. Cleaning products in the home should be unscented. MONITOR YOUR CHILD'S ASTHMA Checking peak flow is one of the best ways to control asthma. It can help you keep your child's asthma from getting worse. Asthma attacks usually DO NOT happen without warning. Children under age 5 may not be able to use a peak flow meter well enough for it to be helpful. However, a child should start using the peak flow meter at a young age to get used to it. An adult should always watch for a child's asthma symptoms. With proper treatment, most children with asthma can live a normal life. When asthma is not well controlled, it can lead to missed school, problems playing sports, missed work for parents, and many visits to the provider's office and emergency room. Asthma symptoms often lessen or go away completely as the child gets older. Asthma that is not well controlled can lead to lasting lung problems. In rare cases, asthma is a life-threatening disease. Families need to work closely with their providers to develop a plan to care for a child with asthma. Call your child's provider if you think your child has new symptoms of asthma. If your child has been diagnosed with asthma, call the provider: After an emergency room visit When peak flow numbers have been getting lower When symptoms get more frequent and more severe, even though your child is following the asthma action plan If your child is having trouble breathing or having an asthma attack, get medical help right away. Emergency symptoms include: Difficulty breathing Bluish color to the lips and face Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Rapid pulse Sweating Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion A child who is having a severe asthma attack may need to stay in the hospital and get oxygen and medicines through a vein (intravenous line or IV). Pediatric asthma; Asthma - pediatric; Wheezing - asthma - children. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Lungs Lungs Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - control drugs. Inhaled corticosteroids prevent your airways from swelling in order to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Inhaled steroids are used with a metered dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer. Or, they may be used with a dry powder inhaler. You should use an inhaled steroid every day, even if you do not have symptoms. After you use it, rinse your mouth with water, gargle, and spit it out. If your child cannot use an inhaler, your doctor will give you a drug to use with a nebulizer. This machine turns liquid medicine into a spray so your child can breathe the medicine in. These medicines relax the muscles of your airways to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Normally, you use these medicines only when you are using an inhaled steroid drug and you still have symptoms. DO NOT take these long-acting medicines alone. Use this medicine every day, even if you do not have symptoms. Your doctor may ask you to take both a steroid drug and a long-acting beta-agonist drug. It may be easier to use an inhaler that has both drugs in them. These medicines are used to prevent asthma symptoms. They come in tablet or pill form and can be used together with a steroid inhaler. Cromolyn is a medicine that may prevent asthma symptoms. It can be used in a nebulizer, so it may be easy for young children to take. Asthma - inhaled corticosteroids; Asthma - long-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - leukotriene modifiers; Asthma - cromolyn; Bronchial asthma-control drugs; Wheezing - control drugs; Reactive airway disease - control drugs. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - quick-relief drugs. Short-acting beta-agonists are the most common quick-relief drugs for treating asthma attacks. They can be used just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise. They work by relaxing the muscles of your airways, and this lets you breathe better during an attack. Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more to control your asthma symptoms. Your asthma may not be under control, and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Some quick-relief asthma medicines include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) Metaproterenol Terbutaline Quick-relief asthma medicines may cause these side effects: Anxiety. Tremor (your hand or another part of your body may shake). Restlessness. Headache. Fast and irregular heartbeats. Call your doctor right away if you have this side effect. Your doctor might prescribe oral steroids when you have an asthma attack that is not going away. These are medicines that you take by mouth as pills, capsules, or liquids. Oral steroids are not quick-relief medicines but are often given for 7 to 14 days when your symptoms flare-up. Oral steroids include: Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone. Asthma - quick-relief drugs - short-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - bronchodilators; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - oral steroids; Asthma - rescue drugs; Bronchial asthma - quick relief; Reactive airway disease - quick relief; Exercise-induced asthma - quick relief. Asthma quick-relief drugs Asthma quick-relief drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult. Am I taking my asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should I be taking every day (called controller drugs)? What should I do if I miss a day or a dose? How should I adjust my medicines if I feel better or worse? Which medicines should I take when I am short of breath (called rescue drugs)? Is it ok to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of my medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when my inhalers are getting empty? Am I using my inhaler the right way? Should I be using a spacer? What are some signs that my asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when I feel short of breath? What shots or vaccinations do I need? What will make my asthma worse? How can I prevent things that can make my asthma worse? How can I prevent getting a lung infection? How can I get help quitting smoking? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around my home? Can I have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it ok for me to clean and vacuum in the house? Is it ok to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my bed or pillows? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or wood-burning stove? What sort of changes do I need to make at work? What exercises are better for me to do? Are there times when I should avoid being outside and exercising? Are there things that I can do before I start exercising? Do I need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know I am going to be around something that triggers my asthma? What type of planning do I need to do before I travel? What medicines should I bring? How do I get refills? Whom should I call if my asthma gets worse? Should I have extra medicines in case something happens?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - adult. Lugogo N, Que LG, Gilstrap DL, Kraft M. Asthma: clinical diagnosis and management. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child. Is my child taking asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should my child take every day (called controller drugs )? What should I do if my child misses a day? Which medicines should my child take when they are short of breath (called rescue drugs )? Is it OK to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of these medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when the inhalers are getting empty? Is my child using the inhaler the right way? Should my child be using a spacer ? What are some signs that a child's asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when my child feels short of breath? What shots or vaccinations does my child need? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around the home? Can we have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it OK for anyone to smoke in the house? How about if my child is not in the house when someone is smoking? Is it OK for me to clean and vacuum when my child is in the house? Is it OK to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my child's bed or pillows? Can my child have stuffed animals? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or a wood-burning stove? What does my child's school or daycare need to know about my child's asthma? Do I need to have an asthma plan for the school? How can I make sure my child can use the medicines at school? Can my child participate fully in gym class at school? What types of exercises or activities are better for a child with asthma to do? Are there times when my child should avoid being outside? Are there things that I can do before my child starts exercising? Does my child need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know my child will be around something that triggers their asthma? What type of arrangements do I need to make when we are planning to travel? What medicines should I bring? How do we get refills? Who should I call if my child's asthma gets worse?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - child. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and allergy resources. Resources - asthma and allergy. Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and school. Your child's school asthma action plan should include: Phone numbers or email address of your child's doctor, nurse, parents, and guardians A brief history of your child's asthma Asthma symptoms to watch for Your child's personal best peak flow reading What to do to make sure your child can be as active as possible during recess and physical education class Include a list of triggers that make your child's asthma worse, such as: Smells from chemicals and cleaning products Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Provide details about your child's asthma medicines and how to take them, including: Daily medicines to control your child's asthma Quick-relief medicines to control asthma symptoms Lastly, your child's doctor and parent or guardian's signatures should be on the action plan as well. These staff should each have a copy of your child's asthma action plan: Your child's teacher School nurse School office Gym teachers and coaches. Asthma action plan - school; Wheezing - school; Reactive airway disease - school; Bronchial asthma - school. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the air passages swells and the muscles surrounding the airways become tight. This reduces the amount of air that can pass through the airway. In people who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens or triggers. Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers include: Animals (pet hair or dander) Dust mites Certain medicines (aspirin and other NSAIDS) Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Exercise Mold Pollen Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Strong emotions (stress) Tobacco smoke Substances in some workplaces can also trigger asthma symptoms, leading to occupational asthma. The most common triggers are wood dust, grain dust, animal dander, fungi, or chemicals. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies , such as hay fever ( allergic rhinitis ) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. Most people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Either wheezing or a cough may be the main symptom. Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days. Attacks can become dangerous if airflow is severely blocked. Symptoms of asthma include: Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) production Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing ( intercostal retractions ) Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity Wheezing Emergency symptoms that need prompt medical help include: Bluish color to the lips and face Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Sweating Other symptoms that may occur: Abnormal breathing pattern -- breathing out takes more than twice as long as breathing in Breathing temporarily stops Chest pain Tightness in the chest. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs. Wheezing or other asthma-related sounds may be heard. Tests that may be ordered include: Allergy testing -- skin or a blood test to see if a person with asthma is allergic to certain substances Arterial blood gas (usually only done with people who are having a severe asthma attack) Chest x-ray Lung function tests , including peak flow measurements. The goals of treatment are: Control airway swelling Stay away from substances that trigger your symptoms Help you to be able to do normal activities without asthma symptoms You and your doctor should work as a team to manage your asthma. Follow your doctor's instructions on taking medicines, eliminating asthma triggers, and monitoring symptoms. MEDICINES FOR ASTHMA There are two kinds of medicines for treating asthma: Control medicines to help prevent attacks Quick-relief (rescue) medicines for use during attacks LONG-TERM MEDICINES These are also called maintenance or control medicines. They are used to prevent symptoms in people with moderate to severe asthma. You must take them every day for them to work. Take them even when you feel OK. Some long-term medicines are breathed in (inhaled), such as steroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Others are taken by mouth (orally). Your doctor will prescribe the right medicine for you. QUICK-RELIEF MEDICINES These are also called rescue medicines. They are taken: For coughing, wheezing, trouble breathing, or an asthma attack Just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more. If so, your asthma may not be under control and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Quick-relief medicines include: Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators Oral corticosteroids for when you have an asthma attack that is not going away A severe asthma attack requires a checkup by a doctor. You may also need a hospital stay. There, you will likely be given oxygen, breathing assistance, and medicines given through a vein (IV). ASTHMA CARE AT HOME Know the asthma symptoms to watch for. Know how to take your peak flow reading and what it means. Know which triggers make your asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Know how to care for your asthma when you exercise. Asthma action plans are written documents for managing asthma. An asthma action plan should include: Instructions for taking asthma medicines when your condition is stable A list of asthma triggers and how to avoid them How to recognize when your asthma is getting worse, and when to call your provider A peak flow meter is a simple device to measure how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. It can help you see if an attack is coming, sometimes even before symptoms appear. Peak flow measurements help let you know when you need to take medicine or other action. Peak flow values of 50% to 80% of your best results are a sign of a moderate asthma attack. Numbers below 50% are a sign of a severe attack. There is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper self-management and medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead a normal life. The complications of asthma can be severe, and may include: Death Decreased ability to exercise and take part in other activities Lack of sleep due to nighttime symptoms Permanent changes in the function of the lungs Persistent cough Trouble breathing that requires breathing assistance (ventilator). Call for an appointment with your provider if asthma symptoms develop. Call your provider or go to the emergency room if: An asthma attack requires more medicine than recommended Symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You have shortness of breath while talking Your peak flow measurement is 50% to 80% of your personal best Go to the emergency room if these symptoms occur: Drowsiness or confusion Severe shortness of breath at rest A peak flow measurement of less than 50% of your personal best Severe chest pain Bluish color to the lips and face Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath. You can reduce asthma symptoms by avoiding triggers and substances that irritate the airways. Cover bedding with allergy-proof casings to reduce exposure to dust mites. Remove carpets from bedrooms and vacuum regularly. Use only unscented detergents and cleaning materials in the home. Keep humidity levels low and fix leaks to reduce the growth of organisms such as mold. Keep the house clean and keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches. Body parts and droppings from cockroaches can trigger asthma attacks in some people. If someone is allergic to an animal that cannot be removed from the home, the animal should be kept out of the bedroom. Place filtering material over the heating outlets to trap animal dander. Change the filter in furnaces and air conditioners often. Eliminate tobacco smoke from the home. This is the single most important thing a family can do to help someone with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke outside carry smoke residue inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. If you smoke, now is a good time to quit. Avoid air pollution, industrial dust, and irritating fumes as much as possible. Bronchial asthma; Wheezing - asthma - adults. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers Traveling with breathing problems. Lungs Lungs Spirometry Spirometry Asthma Asthma Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers Exercise-induced asthma Exercise-induced asthma Respiratory system Respiratory system Spacer use - Series Spacer use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Nebulizer use - Series Nebulizer use - series Peak flow meter use - Series Peak flow meter use - Series. Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Can be caused by Rhinovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus and the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Asthma | ETDF | 570,900,2500,3000,27500,95750,125000,150000,534200,871000 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - child - discharge. In the hospital, the provider helped your child breathe better. This likely involved giving oxygen through a mask and medicines to open the lung airways. Your child will probably still have asthma symptoms after leaving the hospital. These symptoms include: Wheezing and coughing that may last up to 5 days Sleeping and eating that may take up to a week to return to normal You may need to take time off work to care for your child. Make sure you know the asthma symptoms to watch out for in your child. You should know how to take your child's peak flow reading and understand what it means. Know your child's personal best number. Know your child's peak flow reading that tells you if their asthma is getting worse. Know your child's peak flow reading that means you need to call your child's provider. Keep the phone number for your child's provider with you. Triggers may make asthma symptoms worse. Know which triggers make your child's asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Common triggers include: Pets Smells from chemicals and cleaners Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Know how to prevent or treat asthma symptoms that arise when your child is active. These things might also trigger your child's asthma: Cold or dry air. Smoky or polluted air. Grass that has just been mowed. Starting and stopping an activity too fast. Try to make sure your child warms up before being very active and cools down after. Understand your child's asthma medicines and how they should be taken. These include: Control medicines that your child takes every day Quick-relief asthma drugs when your child has symptoms. No one should smoke in your house. This includes you, your visitors, your child's babysitters, and anyone else who comes to your house. Smokers should smoke outside and wear a coat. The coat will keep smoke particles from sticking to clothes, so it should be left outside or away from the child. Ask people who work at your child's day care, preschool, school, and anyone else who takes care of your child, if they smoke. If they do, make sure they smoke away from your child. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. They may need help from school staff to keep their asthma under control and to be able to do school activities. There should be an asthma action plan at school. The people who should have a copy of the plan include: Your child's teacher The school nurse The school office Gym teachers and coaches Your child should be able to take asthma medicines at school when needed. School staff should know your child's asthma triggers. Your child should be able to go to another location to get away from asthma triggers, if needed. Call your child's provider if your child is having any of the following: Hard time breathing Chest muscles are pulling in with each breath Breathing faster than 50 to 60 breaths per minute (when not crying) Making a grunting noise Sitting with shoulders hunched over Skin, nails, gums, lips, or area around the eyes is bluish or grayish Extremely tired Not moving around very much Limp or floppy body Nostrils are flaring out when breathing Also call the provider if your child: Loses their appetite Is irritable Has trouble sleeping. Pediatric asthma - discharge; Wheezing - discharge; Reactive airway disease - discharge. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Liu AH, Covar RA, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Childhood asthma. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - children. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. During an asthma attack, the muscles surrounding the airways tighten. The lining of the air passages swells. As a result, less air is able to pass through. Asthma is often seen in children. It is a leading cause of missed school days and hospital visits for children. An allergic reaction is a key part of asthma in children. Asthma and allergies often occur together. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole In children who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens , or triggers. Common asthma triggers include: Animals (hair or dander) Dust, mold, and pollen Aspirin and other medicines Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Tobacco smoke Exercise Strong emotions Viral infections, such as the common cold. Breathing problems are common. They can include: Shortness of breath Feeling out of breath Gasping for air Trouble breathing out (exhaling) Breathing faster than normal When the child is having a hard time breathing, the skin of the chest and neck may suck inward. Other symptoms of asthma in children include: Coughing that sometimes wakes the child up at night (it may be the only symptom). Dark bags under the eyes. Feeling tired. Irritability. Tightness in the chest. A whistling sound made when breathing ( wheezing ). You may notice it more when the child breathes out. Your child's asthma symptoms may vary. Symptoms may appear often or develop only when triggers are present. Some children are more likely to have asthma symptoms at night. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to the child's lungs. The provider may be able to hear asthma sounds. However, lung sounds are often normal when the child is not having an asthma episode. Peak flow meter The provider will have the child breathe into a device called a peak flow meter. Peak flow meters can tell how well the child can blow air out of the lungs. If the airways are narrow due to asthma, peak flow values drop. You and your child will learn to measure peak flow at home. Tests may include: Allergy testing on the skin , or a blood test to see if your child is allergic to certain substances Chest x-ray Lung function tests. You and your child's providers should work together as a team to create and carry out an asthma action plan. This plan will tell you how to: Avoid asthma triggers Monitor symptoms Measure peak flow Take medicines The plan should also tell you when to call the provider. It is important to know what questions to ask your child's provider. Children with asthma need a lot of support at school. Give the school staff your asthma action plan so they know how to take care of your child's asthma. Find out how to let your child take medicine during school hours. (You may need to sign a consent form.) Having asthma does not mean your child cannot exercise. Coaches, gym teachers, and your child should know what to do if your child has asthma symptoms caused by exercise. ASTHMA MEDICINES There are two basic kinds of medicine used to treat asthma. Long-term control drugs are taken every day to prevent asthma symptoms. Your child should take these medicines even if no symptoms are present. Some children may need more than one long-term control medicine. Types of long-term control medicines include: Inhaled steroids (these are usually the first choice of treatment) Long-acting bronchodilators (these are almost always used with inhaled steroids) Leukotriene inhibitors Cromolyn sodium Quick relief or rescue asthma drugs work fast to control asthma symptoms. Children take them when they are coughing, wheezing, having trouble breathing, or having an asthma attack. Some of your child's asthma medicines can be taken using an inhaler. Children who use an inhaler should use a spacer device. This helps them get the medicine into the lungs properly. If your child uses the inhaler the wrong way, less medicine gets into the lungs. Have your provider show your child how to correctly use an inhaler. Younger children can use a nebulizer instead of an inhaler to take their medicine. A nebulizer turns asthma medicine into a mist. GETTING RID OF TRIGGERS It is important to know your child's asthma triggers. Avoiding them is the first step toward helping your child feel better. Keep pets outdoor, or at least away from the child's bedroom. Common asthma triggers No one should smoke in a house or around a child with asthma. Getting rid of tobacco smoke in the home is the single most important thing a family can do to help a child with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke carry the smoke inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. DO NOT use indoor fireplaces. Keep the house clean. Keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches, which can trigger asthma attacks. Cleaning products in the home should be unscented. MONITOR YOUR CHILD'S ASTHMA Checking peak flow is one of the best ways to control asthma. It can help you keep your child's asthma from getting worse. Asthma attacks usually DO NOT happen without warning. Children under age 5 may not be able to use a peak flow meter well enough for it to be helpful. However, a child should start using the peak flow meter at a young age to get used to it. An adult should always watch for a child's asthma symptoms. With proper treatment, most children with asthma can live a normal life. When asthma is not well controlled, it can lead to missed school, problems playing sports, missed work for parents, and many visits to the provider's office and emergency room. Asthma symptoms often lessen or go away completely as the child gets older. Asthma that is not well controlled can lead to lasting lung problems. In rare cases, asthma is a life-threatening disease. Families need to work closely with their providers to develop a plan to care for a child with asthma. Call your child's provider if you think your child has new symptoms of asthma. If your child has been diagnosed with asthma, call the provider: After an emergency room visit When peak flow numbers have been getting lower When symptoms get more frequent and more severe, even though your child is following the asthma action plan If your child is having trouble breathing or having an asthma attack, get medical help right away. Emergency symptoms include: Difficulty breathing Bluish color to the lips and face Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Rapid pulse Sweating Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion A child who is having a severe asthma attack may need to stay in the hospital and get oxygen and medicines through a vein (intravenous line or IV). Pediatric asthma; Asthma - pediatric; Wheezing - asthma - children. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Normal versus asthmatic bronchiole Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Lungs Lungs Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - control drugs. Inhaled corticosteroids prevent your airways from swelling in order to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Inhaled steroids are used with a metered dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer. Or, they may be used with a dry powder inhaler. You should use an inhaled steroid every day, even if you do not have symptoms. After you use it, rinse your mouth with water, gargle, and spit it out. If your child cannot use an inhaler, your doctor will give you a drug to use with a nebulizer. This machine turns liquid medicine into a spray so your child can breathe the medicine in. These medicines relax the muscles of your airways to help keep your asthma symptoms away. Normally, you use these medicines only when you are using an inhaled steroid drug and you still have symptoms. DO NOT take these long-acting medicines alone. Use this medicine every day, even if you do not have symptoms. Your doctor may ask you to take both a steroid drug and a long-acting beta-agonist drug. It may be easier to use an inhaler that has both drugs in them. These medicines are used to prevent asthma symptoms. They come in tablet or pill form and can be used together with a steroid inhaler. Cromolyn is a medicine that may prevent asthma symptoms. It can be used in a nebulizer, so it may be easy for young children to take. Asthma - inhaled corticosteroids; Asthma - long-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - leukotriene modifiers; Asthma - cromolyn; Bronchial asthma-control drugs; Wheezing - control drugs; Reactive airway disease - control drugs. Asthma control drugs Asthma control drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - quick-relief drugs. Short-acting beta-agonists are the most common quick-relief drugs for treating asthma attacks. They can be used just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise. They work by relaxing the muscles of your airways, and this lets you breathe better during an attack. Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more to control your asthma symptoms. Your asthma may not be under control, and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Some quick-relief asthma medicines include: Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) Metaproterenol Terbutaline Quick-relief asthma medicines may cause these side effects: Anxiety. Tremor (your hand or another part of your body may shake). Restlessness. Headache. Fast and irregular heartbeats. Call your doctor right away if you have this side effect. Your doctor might prescribe oral steroids when you have an asthma attack that is not going away. These are medicines that you take by mouth as pills, capsules, or liquids. Oral steroids are not quick-relief medicines but are often given for 7 to 14 days when your symptoms flare-up. Oral steroids include: Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone. Asthma - quick-relief drugs - short-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - bronchodilators; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - oral steroids; Asthma - rescue drugs; Bronchial asthma - quick relief; Reactive airway disease - quick relief; Exercise-induced asthma - quick relief. Asthma quick-relief drugs Asthma quick-relief drugs. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement website. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult. Am I taking my asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should I be taking every day (called controller drugs)? What should I do if I miss a day or a dose? How should I adjust my medicines if I feel better or worse? Which medicines should I take when I am short of breath (called rescue drugs)? Is it ok to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of my medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when my inhalers are getting empty? Am I using my inhaler the right way? Should I be using a spacer? What are some signs that my asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when I feel short of breath? What shots or vaccinations do I need? What will make my asthma worse? How can I prevent things that can make my asthma worse? How can I prevent getting a lung infection? How can I get help quitting smoking? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around my home? Can I have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it ok for me to clean and vacuum in the house? Is it ok to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my bed or pillows? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or wood-burning stove? What sort of changes do I need to make at work? What exercises are better for me to do? Are there times when I should avoid being outside and exercising? Are there things that I can do before I start exercising? Do I need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know I am going to be around something that triggers my asthma? What type of planning do I need to do before I travel? What medicines should I bring? How do I get refills? Whom should I call if my asthma gets worse? Should I have extra medicines in case something happens?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - adult. Lugogo N, Que LG, Gilstrap DL, Kraft M. Asthma: clinical diagnosis and management. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child. Is my child taking asthma medicines the right way? What medicines should my child take every day (called controller drugs )? What should I do if my child misses a day? Which medicines should my child take when they are short of breath (called rescue drugs )? Is it OK to use these rescue drugs every day? What are the side effects of these medicines? For what side effects should I call the doctor? How will I know when the inhalers are getting empty? Is my child using the inhaler the right way? Should my child be using a spacer ? What are some signs that a child's asthma is getting worse and that I need to call the doctor? What should I do when my child feels short of breath? What shots or vaccinations does my child need? How do I find out when smog or pollution is worse? What sort of changes should I make around the home? Can we have a pet? In the house or outside? How about in the bedroom? Is it OK for anyone to smoke in the house? How about if my child is not in the house when someone is smoking? Is it OK for me to clean and vacuum when my child is in the house? Is it OK to have carpets in the house? What type of furniture is best to have? How do I get rid of dust and mold in the house? Do I need to cover my child's bed or pillows? Can my child have stuffed animals? How do I know if I have cockroaches in my home? How do I get rid of them? Can I have a fire in my fireplace or a wood-burning stove? What does my child's school or daycare need to know about my child's asthma? Do I need to have an asthma plan for the school? How can I make sure my child can use the medicines at school? Can my child participate fully in gym class at school? What types of exercises or activities are better for a child with asthma to do? Are there times when my child should avoid being outside? Are there things that I can do before my child starts exercising? Does my child need tests or treatments for allergies? What should I do when I know my child will be around something that triggers their asthma? What type of arrangements do I need to make when we are planning to travel? What medicines should I bring? How do we get refills? Who should I call if my child's asthma gets worse?. What to ask your doctor about asthma - child. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and allergy resources. Resources - asthma and allergy. Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Asthma - what to ask your doctor - child Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma and school. Your child's school asthma action plan should include: Phone numbers or email address of your child's doctor, nurse, parents, and guardians A brief history of your child's asthma Asthma symptoms to watch for Your child's personal best peak flow reading What to do to make sure your child can be as active as possible during recess and physical education class Include a list of triggers that make your child's asthma worse, such as: Smells from chemicals and cleaning products Grass and weeds Smoke Dust Cockroaches Rooms that are moldy or damp Provide details about your child's asthma medicines and how to take them, including: Daily medicines to control your child's asthma Quick-relief medicines to control asthma symptoms Lastly, your child's doctor and parent or guardian's signatures should be on the action plan as well. These staff should each have a copy of your child's asthma action plan: Your child's teacher School nurse School office Gym teachers and coaches. Asthma action plan - school; Wheezing - school; Reactive airway disease - school; Bronchial asthma - school. Bergstrom J, Kurth SM, Bruhl E, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health care guideline: diagnosis and management of asthma. 11th ed. www.icsi.org/_asset/rsjvnd/Asthma-Interactive0712.pdf. Updated December 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Guilbert TW. Management of asthma in infants and children. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the air passages swells and the muscles surrounding the airways become tight. This reduces the amount of air that can pass through the airway. In people who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens or triggers. Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers include: Animals (pet hair or dander) Dust mites Certain medicines (aspirin and other NSAIDS) Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Exercise Mold Pollen Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Strong emotions (stress) Tobacco smoke Substances in some workplaces can also trigger asthma symptoms, leading to occupational asthma. The most common triggers are wood dust, grain dust, animal dander, fungi, or chemicals. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies , such as hay fever ( allergic rhinitis ) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. Most people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Either wheezing or a cough may be the main symptom. Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days. Attacks can become dangerous if airflow is severely blocked. Symptoms of asthma include: Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) production Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing ( intercostal retractions ) Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity Wheezing Emergency symptoms that need prompt medical help include: Bluish color to the lips and face Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath Sweating Other symptoms that may occur: Abnormal breathing pattern -- breathing out takes more than twice as long as breathing in Breathing temporarily stops Chest pain Tightness in the chest. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs. Wheezing or other asthma-related sounds may be heard. Tests that may be ordered include: Allergy testing -- skin or a blood test to see if a person with asthma is allergic to certain substances Arterial blood gas (usually only done with people who are having a severe asthma attack) Chest x-ray Lung function tests , including peak flow measurements. The goals of treatment are: Control airway swelling Stay away from substances that trigger your symptoms Help you to be able to do normal activities without asthma symptoms You and your doctor should work as a team to manage your asthma. Follow your doctor's instructions on taking medicines, eliminating asthma triggers, and monitoring symptoms. MEDICINES FOR ASTHMA There are two kinds of medicines for treating asthma: Control medicines to help prevent attacks Quick-relief (rescue) medicines for use during attacks LONG-TERM MEDICINES These are also called maintenance or control medicines. They are used to prevent symptoms in people with moderate to severe asthma. You must take them every day for them to work. Take them even when you feel OK. Some long-term medicines are breathed in (inhaled), such as steroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Others are taken by mouth (orally). Your doctor will prescribe the right medicine for you. QUICK-RELIEF MEDICINES These are also called rescue medicines. They are taken: For coughing, wheezing, trouble breathing, or an asthma attack Just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more. If so, your asthma may not be under control and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Quick-relief medicines include: Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators Oral corticosteroids for when you have an asthma attack that is not going away A severe asthma attack requires a checkup by a doctor. You may also need a hospital stay. There, you will likely be given oxygen, breathing assistance, and medicines given through a vein (IV). ASTHMA CARE AT HOME Know the asthma symptoms to watch for. Know how to take your peak flow reading and what it means. Know which triggers make your asthma worse and what to do when this happens. Know how to care for your asthma when you exercise. Asthma action plans are written documents for managing asthma. An asthma action plan should include: Instructions for taking asthma medicines when your condition is stable A list of asthma triggers and how to avoid them How to recognize when your asthma is getting worse, and when to call your provider A peak flow meter is a simple device to measure how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. It can help you see if an attack is coming, sometimes even before symptoms appear. Peak flow measurements help let you know when you need to take medicine or other action. Peak flow values of 50% to 80% of your best results are a sign of a moderate asthma attack. Numbers below 50% are a sign of a severe attack. There is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper self-management and medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead a normal life. The complications of asthma can be severe, and may include: Death Decreased ability to exercise and take part in other activities Lack of sleep due to nighttime symptoms Permanent changes in the function of the lungs Persistent cough Trouble breathing that requires breathing assistance (ventilator). Call for an appointment with your provider if asthma symptoms develop. Call your provider or go to the emergency room if: An asthma attack requires more medicine than recommended Symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You have shortness of breath while talking Your peak flow measurement is 50% to 80% of your personal best Go to the emergency room if these symptoms occur: Drowsiness or confusion Severe shortness of breath at rest A peak flow measurement of less than 50% of your personal best Severe chest pain Bluish color to the lips and face Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath. You can reduce asthma symptoms by avoiding triggers and substances that irritate the airways. Cover bedding with allergy-proof casings to reduce exposure to dust mites. Remove carpets from bedrooms and vacuum regularly. Use only unscented detergents and cleaning materials in the home. Keep humidity levels low and fix leaks to reduce the growth of organisms such as mold. Keep the house clean and keep food in containers and out of bedrooms. This helps reduce the possibility of cockroaches. Body parts and droppings from cockroaches can trigger asthma attacks in some people. If someone is allergic to an animal that cannot be removed from the home, the animal should be kept out of the bedroom. Place filtering material over the heating outlets to trap animal dander. Change the filter in furnaces and air conditioners often. Eliminate tobacco smoke from the home. This is the single most important thing a family can do to help someone with asthma. Smoking outside the house is not enough. Family members and visitors who smoke outside carry smoke residue inside on their clothes and hair. This can trigger asthma symptoms. If you smoke, now is a good time to quit. Avoid air pollution, industrial dust, and irritating fumes as much as possible. Bronchial asthma; Wheezing - asthma - adults. Asthma and school Asthma - control drugs Asthma - quick-relief drugs Asthma - what to ask the doctor - adult Exercise-induced asthma Exercising and asthma at school How to use a nebulizer How to use an inhaler - no spacer How to use an inhaler - with spacer How to use your peak flow meter Make peak flow a habit Signs of an asthma attack Stay away from asthma triggers Traveling with breathing problems. Lungs Lungs Spirometry Spirometry Asthma Asthma Peak flow meter Peak flow meter Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Asthmatic bronchiole and normal bronchiole Common asthma triggers Common asthma triggers Exercise-induced asthma Exercise-induced asthma Respiratory system Respiratory system Spacer use - Series Spacer use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Metered dose inhaler use - Series Nebulizer use - Series Nebulizer use - series Peak flow meter use - Series Peak flow meter use - Series. Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936. Durrani SR, Busse WW. Management of asthma in adolescents and adults. Encyclopedia Entry for Asthma : Asthma. Can be caused by Rhinovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus and the bacterium Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Asthma & Allergies Comprehensive | ETDF | 40,370,570,850,2500,27500,52500,95750,375790,871000 | Allergies and asthma often occur together. The same substances that trigger your hay fever symptoms, such as pollen, dust mites and pet dander, may also cause asthma signs and symptoms. In some people, skin or food allergies can cause asthma symptoms. This is called allergic asthma or allergy-induced asthma. |
| Asthma 1 | CAFL | 1283,1233,4.7 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma 1 | XTRA | 0.5,20,72,95,125,146,444,522,727,787,880,1233,1283,1500,1600,1800,2170,2720 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma 2 | CAFL | 1234,3672,7346,727,787,880,10000,47,120 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma 4 | XTRA | 4.7,1233,1234,1283,3672,7344 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma 5 | XTRA | 727,787,880,1500,1600,1800,2170,2720 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma Bronchial | XTRA | 8,943,548 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Asthma V | CAFL | 3125,3124,890,886,871,822,782,756,712,665,633,521,515,487,434,411,322,263,172,128 | See Liver Support, and Parasites Roundworm and Ascaris programs. Also see Bronchial Asthma programs. Lung |
| Astigmatism | ETDF | 600,900,12330,7500,12710,55000,234510,325710,491000,667900 | Blurred vision due to corneal or lens defect. Encyclopedia Entry for Astigmatism : Astigmatism. People are able to see because the front part of the eye (cornea) is able to bend (refract) light and focus it onto the retina. This is the back surface of the eye. If the light rays are not clearly focused on the retina, the images you see may be blurry. With astigmatism, the cornea is abnormally curved. This curve causes vision to be out of focus. The cause of astigmatism is unknown. It is most often present from birth. Astigmatism often occurs together with nearsightedness or farsightedness. If astigmatism gets worse, it may be a sign of keratoconus. Astigmatism is very common. It sometimes occurs after certain types of eye surgery, such as cataract surgery. Astigmatism makes it hard to see fine details, either close up or from a distance. Astigmatism is easily diagnosed by a standard eye exam with refraction test. Special tests are not required in most cases. Children or adults who cannot respond to a normal refraction test can have their refraction measured by a test that uses reflected light (retinoscopy). Mild astigmatism may not need to be corrected. Glasses or contact lenses will correct astigmatism, but do not cure it. Laser surgery can help change the shape of the cornea surface to eliminate astigmatism, along with nearsightedness or farsightedness. Astigmatism may change with time, requiring new glasses or contact lenses. Laser vision correction can most often eliminate, or greatly reduce astigmatism. In children, uncorrected astigmatism in only one eye may cause amblyopia. Call your health care provider or ophthalmologist if vision problems worsen, or do not improve with glasses or contact lenses. Visual acuity test Visual acuity test. Jain S, Tibrewal, Kramarevsky N, Hardten DR. Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy |
| Astral Projection | XTRA | 6.30,63 | Astral projection (or astral travel) is a term used in esotericism to describe an intentional out-of-body experience that assumes the existence of a soul or consciousness called an astral body that is separate from the physical body and capable of travelling outside it throughout the universe. The idea of astral travel is ancient and occurs in multiple cultures. The modern terminology of 'astral projection' was coined and promoted by 19th century Theosophists. It is sometimes reported in association with dreams, and forms of meditation. Some individuals have reported perceptions similar to descriptions of astral projection that were induced through various hallucinogenic and hypnotic means (including self-hypnosis). There is no scientific evidence that there is a consciousness or soul which is separate from normal neural activity or that one can consciously leave the body and make observations, and astral projection has been characterized as a pseudoscience Spirit |
| Astral Travel | XTRA | 40,22 | Astral projection (or astral travel) is a spiritual interpretation of the out of body experience. Astral Projection is a very common occurrence. Five to ten percent of the worlds population has experienced a conscious out of body experience at least once. How would you know if it has happened to you? Astral Travel or Projection, are terms used to describe the out of body experience. The existence of the Astral Plane and the Astral body is recorded in texts and esoteric material pre-dating cultures as ancient as the Phoenician, Chaldean and Sumerian. Spirit |
| Astrocytoma | ETDF | 20,570,9000,12850,45000,92500,175750,450000,515160,689410 | Brain cancer. Also see Cancer programs. |
| Astrocytoma | PROV | 7.69,8.25,9.19,20,543,641,666,690,857,2127,2170 | Brain cancer. Also see Cancer programs. Brain |
| Astrovirus | XTRA | 586 | From Dr. Richard Loyd. Astroviruses are a type of virus that was first discovered in 1975 using electron microscopes following an outbreak of diarrhea in humans. In addition to humans, astroviruses have now been isolated from numerous mammalian animal species and from avian species such as ducks, chickens, and turkey poults. Encyclopedia Entry for Astrovirus : Astrovirus infection. Source of disease: Astroviridae family |
| Ataxia General | CAFL | 20,72,444,600,625,650,727,776,787,806.5,814,880,1500,1600,1800,1865,2170,2720 | Incoordination of muscles. Slow results in some cases. Nerve |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia | ETDF | 130,650,19900,42500,376290,452590,522390,687620,712420,995380 | Impairs movement/coordination, weakens immune system, and prevents DNA repair. |
| Atelectasis Pulmonary | ETDF | 50,730,950,5000,17500,37500,322060,563190,714820,930120 | Collapse of lung with alveoli deflation. |
| Atherosclerosis | XTRA | 134,223,333,345,411,423,425,436,446,453,470.89,471.66,479,542,554,563,572,573,574,576,620,643,668,686,716,718,738,786,787,934,940,941.79,943.29,958,1544,1577,1880,1886,2323,2431,3343,3760.3,3767.3,3773.3,4710.5,7160,7520.5,7543.39,20443.5 | Artery wall thickening due to white blood cells. Can be caused by Cytomegalovirus, and the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori and Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Encyclopedia Entry for Atherosclerosis : Atherosclerosis. Can be caused by Cytomegalovirus, and the bacteria Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Athletes Foot | CAFL | 20,379,727,787,880,5000,644,766,464,802,1552,9999,20,379,727,787,880,5000,644,766,464,802,1552,9999,3176,304 | Also see Epidermophyton Floccinum, and Tinea programs. Feet |
| ATP Generate | XTRA | 9.6 | Helps mitochondria produce ATP, essential for transport of chemical energy in cells. |
| Atrial Fibrillation | ETDF | 80,730,970,5750,37500,85090,96500,125160,325000,377910 | Abnormal heart rhythm. Encyclopedia Entry for Atrial Fibrillation : Atrial fibrillation - discharge. Have all of your prescriptions filled before you go home. You should take your medicines the way your health care provider has told you to. Tell your provider about other medicines you are taking including over-the-counter medicines, herbs, or supplements. Ask if it is ok to keep taking these. Also, tell your provider if you are taking antacids. Never stop taking any of your medicines without first talking to your provider. DO NOT skip a dose unless you are told to. You may be taking aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, or another blood thinner such as Apixiban (Eliquis), Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), Dabigatran (Pradaxa) to help keep your blood from clotting. If you are taking any blood thinner: You need to watch for any bleeding or bruising, and let your provider know if it happens. Tell dentist, pharmacist, and other providers that you are taking this drug. You will need to have extra blood tests to make sure your dose is correct if you are taking warfarin. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Ask your provider when it is ok to drink, and how much is safe. DO NOT smoke cigarettes. If you do smoke, your provider can help you quit. Follow a heart healthy diet. Avoid salty and fatty foods. Stay away from fast-food restaurants. Your doctor can refer you to a dietitian, who can help you plan a healthy diet. If you take warfarin, DO NOT make big changes in your diet or take vitamins without checking with your doctor. Try to avoid stressful situations. Tell your provider if you feel stressed or sad. Talking to a counselor may help. Learn how to check your pulse, and check it every day. It is better to take your own pulse than to use a machine. A machine may be less accurate because of atrial fibrillation. Limit the amount of caffeine you drink (found in coffee, tea, colas, and many other beverages.) DO NOT use cocaine, amphetamines, or any other illegal drugs. They may make your heart beat faster, and cause permanent damage to your heart. Call for emergency help if you feel: Pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness in your chest, arm, neck, or jaw Shortness of breath Gas pains or indigestion Sweaty, or if you lose color Lightheaded Fast heartbeat, irregular heartbeat, or your heart is pounding uncomfortably Numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg Blurry or decreased vision Problems speaking or understanding speech Dizziness, loss of balance, or falling Severe headache Bleeding. Auricular fibrillation - discharge; A-fib - discharge; AF - discharge; Afib - discharge. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):e1-76. PMID: 24685669 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685669. Morady F, Zipes DP. Atrial fibrillation: clinical features, mechanisms, and management. Encyclopedia Entry for Atrial Fibrillation : Atrial fibrillation or flutter. When working well, the 4 chambers of the heart contract (squeeze) in an organized way. Electrical signals direct your heart to pump the right amount of blood for your body's needs. The signals begin in an area called the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). Conduction system of the heart In atrial fibrillation, the electrical impulse of the heart is not regular. This is because the sinoatrial node no longer controls the heart rhythm. Parts of the heart cannot contract in an organized pattern. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In atrial flutter, the ventricles (lower heart chambers) may beat very rapidly, but in a regular pattern. These problems can affect both men and women. They become more common with increasing age. Common causes of atrial fibrillation include: Alcohol use (especially binge drinking) Coronary artery disease Heart attack or heart bypass surgery Heart failure or an enlarged heart Heart valve disease (most often the mitral valve) Hypertension Medicines Overactive thyroid gland ( hyperthyroidism ) Pericarditis Sick sinus syndrome. You may not be aware that your heart is not beating in a normal pattern. Symptoms may start or stop suddenly. This is because atrial fibrillation may stop or start on its own. Symptoms may include: Pulse that feels rapid, racing, pounding, fluttering, irregular, or too slow Sensation of feeling the heart beat ( palpitations ) Confusion Dizziness , lightheadedness Fainting Fatigue Loss of ability to exercise Shortness of breath. The health care provider may hear a fast heartbeat while listening to your heart with a stethoscope. Your pulse may feel fast, uneven, or both. The normal heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute. In atrial fibrillation or flutter, the heart rate may be 100 to 175 beats per minute. Blood pressure may be normal or low. An ECG (a test that records the electrical activity of the heart) may show atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. If your abnormal heart rhythm comes and goes, you may need to wear a special monitor to diagnose the problem. The monitor records the heart's rhythms over a period of time. Event monitor (3 to 4 weeks) Holter monitor (24-hour test) Implanted loop recorder (extended monitoring) Tests to find heart disease may include: Echocardiogram (ultrasound imaging of the heart) Tests to examine the blood supply of the heart muscle Tests to study the heart's electrical system. Cardioversion treatment is used to get the heart back into a normal rhythm right away. There are two options for treatment: Electric shocks to your heart Drugs given through a vein These treatments may be done as emergency methods, or planned ahead of time. Daily medicines taken by mouth are used to: Slow the irregular heartbeat. These drugs may include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin. Prevent atrial fibrillation from coming back. These drugs work well in many people, but they can have serious side effects. Atrial fibrillation returns in many people, even while they are taking these medicines. Blood thinners are medicines that are used to reduce the risk of developing a blood clot that travels in the body (and that can cause a stroke, for example). They include heparin , warfarin (Coumadin), apixaban (Eliquis), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), edoxaban (Savaysa) and dabigatran (Pradaxa). These drugs increase the chance of bleeding, so not everyone can use them. Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel may also be prescribed. Your provider will consider your age and other medical problems when deciding which drugs are best. A procedure called radiofrequency ablation can be used to scar areas in your heart where the heart rhythm problems are triggered. This can prevent the abnormal electrical signals that cause atrial fibrillation or flutter from moving through the heart. You may need a heart pacemaker after this procedure. All people with atrial fibrillation will need to learn how to manage this condition at home. Treatment can often control this disorder. Many people with atrial fibrillation do very well. Atrial fibrillation tends to return and get worse. It may come back, even with treatment. Clots that break off and travel to the brain can cause a stroke. Call your provider if you have symptoms of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Talk to your provider about steps to treat conditions that cause atrial fibrillation and flutter. Avoid binge drinking. Auricular fibrillation; A-fib; Afib. Atrial fibrillation - discharge Heart pacemaker - discharge Taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) - what to ask your doctor. Heart, section through the middle Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Heart, front view Posterior heart arteries Posterior heart arteries Anterior heart arteries Anterior heart arteries Conduction system of the heart Conduction system of the heart. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014;130(23):2071-2104. PMID: 24682348 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682348. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45(12):3754-3832. PMID: 25355838 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355838. Morady F, Zipes DP. Atrial fibrillation: clinical features, mechanisms, and management. |
| Atrophy Muscular Peroneal | ETDF | 190,1220,4330,17250,63210,119420,287210,403030,435000,711170 | Also called Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Progressive loss of muscle and touch sensation. |
| Attention Deficit Disorder | CAFL | 428,444,450,465,470,471,621,660,727,760,762,769,770,787,802,832,880,940.1,942.9,1550,1880,1885.9,3760.3,3771.7,5000,7520.5 | Also called ADD. May be important to avoid preservatives, aspartame, dyes, and other toxins. |
| Attention Deficit Disorder | ETDF | 40,250,460,320,520,750,42500,87500,132410,376290 | Also called ADD. May be important to avoid preservatives, aspartame, dyes, and other toxins. |
| Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity | KHZ | 10,250,460,320,520,750,42500,87500,132410,376290 | Also called ADHD. May be important to avoid preservatives, aspartame, dyes, and other toxins. |
| Aura | XTRA | 2675 | An aura or human energy field is, according to New Age beliefs, a colored emanation said to enclose a human body or any animal or object. In some esoteric positions, the aura is described as a subtle body. Psychics and holistic medicine practitioners often claim to have the ability to see the size, color and type of vibration of an aura. In New Age alternative medicine, the human aura is seen as a hidden anatomy that affect the health of a client, and is often understood to comprise centers of vital force called chakra. Such claims are not supported by scientific evidence and are pseudoscience. When tested under controlled experiments, the ability to see auras has not been shown to exist. Spirit Encyclopedia Entry for Aura : Aural polyps. Aural polyps may be caused by: Cholesteatoma Foreign object Inflammation Tumor. Bloody drainage from the ear is the most common symptom. Hearing loss can also occur. An aural polyp is diagnosed through an exam of the ear canal and middle ear using an otoscope or microscope. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Your health care provider may first recommend: Avoiding water in the ear Steroid medicines Antibiotic ear drops If a cholesteatoma is the underlying problem or the condition fails to clear, then surgery may be needed. Call your health care provider if you have bleeding from an ear or a sharp decrease in hearing. Ear anatomy Ear anatomy. Chole RA. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis. |
| Auricular Cancer | ETDF | 80,120,850,85030,119340,350000,434330,691270,759830,927100 | Cancer of the ear, head, and neck. |
| Autism | XTRA | 47,48,49,75,214,317,342,443,467,521,552,712,725,727,745,747,757,763,783,787,880,962,1489,1902,4202.3,5333.69,9887,14164.1,15952.79,19007.15,19007.2,19169.38,19516.29,21822.15 | See Autistic disorder. Encyclopedia Entry for Autism : Autism - resources. Resources - autism. Encyclopedia Entry for Autism : Autism spectrum disorder - Asperger syndrome. American Psychiatric Association. Autism spectrum disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing: 2013;50-59. Raviola GJ, Trieu ML, DeMaso DR, Salter HJ. Autism spectrum disorder. Encyclopedia Entry for Autism : Autism spectrum disorder - childhood disintegrative disorder. Motormental retardation Motormental disability. American Psychiatric Association. Autism spectrum disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing: 2013;50-59. Raviola GJ, Trieu ML, DeMaso DR, Walter HJ. Autism spectrum disorder. Encyclopedia Entry for Autism : Autism spectrum disorder. The exact cause of ASD isn't known. It's likely there are number of factors that lead to ASD. Research shows that genes may be involved, since ASD runs in some families. Certain medicines taken during pregnancy may also lead to ASD in the child. Other causes have been suspected, but not proven. Some scientists believe that damage to a part of the brain, called the amygdala, may be involved. Others are looking at whether a virus may trigger symptoms. Some parents have heard that vaccines may cause ASD. But studies have found no link between vaccines and ASD. All expert medical and government groups state that there is no link between vaccines and ASD. The increase in children with ASD may be due to better diagnosis and newer definitions of ASD. ASD now includes syndromes that used to be regarded as separate disorders: Autistic disorder Asperger syndrome Childhood disintegrative disorder Pervasive developmental disorder. Most parents of ASD children suspect that something is wrong by the time the child is 18 months old. Children with ASD often have problems with: Pretend play Social interactions Verbal and nonverbal communication Some children seem normal before age 1 or 2. They then suddenly lose language or social skills they already had. Symptoms can vary from moderate to severe. A person with autism may: Be very sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste (for example, they refuse to wear 'itchy' clothes and get upset if they're forced to wear the clothes) Be very upset when routines are changed Repeat body movements over and over Be unusually attached to things Communication problems may include: Can't start or maintain a conversation Uses gestures instead of words Develops language slowly or not at all Doesn't adjust gaze to look at objects that others are looking at Doesn't refer to self the right way (for example, says 'you want water' when the child means 'I want water') Doesn't point to show other people objects (normally occurs in the first 14 months of life) Repeats words or memorized passages, such as commercials Social interaction: Doesn't make friends Doesn't play interactive games Is withdrawn May not respond to eye contact or smiles, or may avoid eye contact May treat others as objects Prefers to be alone rather than with others Isn't able to show empathy Response to sensory information: Doesn't startle at loud noises Has very high or very low senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste May find normal noises painful and hold their hands over their ears May withdraw from physical contact because it's too stimulating or overwhelming Rubs surfaces, mouths or licks objects May have a very high or very low response to pain Play: Doesn't imitate the actions of others Prefers solitary or ritualistic play Shows little pretend or imaginative play Behaviors: Acts out with intense tantrums Gets stuck on a single topic or task Has a short attention span Has very narrow interests Is overactive or very passive Is aggressive toward others or self Shows a strong need for things being the same Repeats body movements. All children should have routine exams done by their pediatrician. More tests may be needed if the health care provider or parents are concerned. This is true if a child doesn't meet any of these language milestones: Babbling by 12 months Gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye) by 12 months Saying single words by 16 months Saying two-word spontaneous phrases by 24 months (not just echoing) Losing any language or social skills at any age These children might need a hearing test, blood lead test, and screening test for ASD. A provider experienced in diagnosing and treating ASD should see the child to make the actual diagnosis. Because there isn't a blood test for ASD, diagnosis is often based on guidelines from a medical book titled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). An evaluation of ASD often includes a complete physical and nervous system (neurologic) exam. Tests may be done to see if there is a problem with genes or the body's metabolism. Metabolism is the body's physical and chemical processes. ASD includes a broad spectrum of symptoms. So, a single, brief evaluation can't tell a child's true abilities. It's best to have a team of specialists to evaluate the child. They might evaluate: Communication Language Motor skills Speech Success at school Thinking abilities Some parents don't want to have their child diagnosed because they're afraid the child will be labeled. But without a diagnosis, their child may not get the needed treatment and services. At this time, there is no cure for ASD. A treatment program will greatly improve the outlook for most young children. Most programs build on the interests of the child in a highly structured schedule of constructive activities. Treatment plans may combine techniques, including: Applied behavior analysis (ABA) Medicines, if needed Occupational therapy Physical therapy Speech-language therapy APPLIED BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (ABA) This program is for younger children. It helps in some cases. ABA uses one-on-one teaching that reinforces various skills. The goal is to get the child close to normal functioning for their age. An ABA program is often done in a child's home. A behavioral psychologist oversees the program. ABA programs can be very expensive and aren't widely used by school systems. Parents often have to find funding and staffing from other sources, which aren't available in many communities. TEACCH Another program is called the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH). It uses picture schedules and other visual cues. These help children work on their own and organize and structure their environments. Though TEACCH tries to improve a child's skills and ability to adapt, it also accepts the problems associated with ASD. Unlike ABA programs, TEACCH doesn't expect children to achieve typical development with treatment. MEDICINES There is no medicine that treats ASD itself. But medicines are often used to treat behavior or emotional problems that people with ASD may have. These include: Aggression Anxiety Attention problems Extreme compulsions that the child cannot stop Hyperactivity Impulsiveness Irritability Mood swings Outbursts Sleep difficulty Tantrums Only the drug risperidone is approved to treat children ages 5 through 16 for the irritability and aggression that can occur with ASD. Other medicines that may also be used are mood stabilizers and stimulants. DIET Some children with ASD seem to do well on a gluten-free or casein-free diet. Gluten is in foods containing wheat, rye, and barley. Casein is in milk, cheese, and other dairy products. Not all experts agree that changes in diet make a difference. And not all studies have shown positive results. If you're thinking about these or other diet changes, talk to both a provider and a registered dietitian. You want to be sure that your child is still getting enough calories and the right nutrients. OTHER APPROACHES Beware of widely publicized treatments for ASD that don't have scientific support, and reports of miracle cures. If your child has ASD, talk with other parents. Also discuss your concerns with ASD specialists. Follow the progress of ASD research, which is rapidly developing. Many organizations provide additional information and help on ASD. With the right treatment, many ASD symptoms can be improved. Most people with ASD have some symptoms throughout their lives. But, they're able to live with their families or in the community. ASD can be linked with other brain disorders, such as: Fragile X syndrome Intellectual disability Tuberous sclerosis Some people with autism develop seizures. The stress of dealing with autism can lead to social and emotional problems for families and caregivers, and for the person with autism. Parents usually suspect that there is a developmental problem long before a diagnosis is made. Call your provider if you think that your child is not developing normally. Autism; Autistic disorder; Asperger syndrome; Childhood disintegrative disorder; Pervasive developmental disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. Bostic JQ, Prince JB, Buxton DC. Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Encyclopedia Entry for Autism : Autism. Can be associated with Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, XMRV, Clostridia bacterial. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Autistic Disorder | ETDF | 30,250,650,930,13520,7500,95000,322530,454370,517500 | See Autism. |
| Auto Intoxication | CAFL | 20,333,522,555.1,727,787,800,880,1550,10000 | Build-up of toxins in the intestines/colon. See Autointoxication, Constipation, Intestinal Obstruction, Intestines to Release, and Detox Autointoxication. |
| Autoimmune Diseases | ETDF | 240,5090,32500,75850,95750,175000,250000,456000,784000,927000 | See Nanobacter and Human T Lymphocyte Virus1. Can be caused by Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, HIV, and by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Encyclopedia Entry for Autoimmune Diseases : Autoimmune Diseases. Can be caused by Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, HIV, and by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Information from Marcello Allegretti. |
| Autoimmune Disorders | CAFL | 3,7.7,9.4,9.6,20,28,156,250,522,600,625,650,727,776,787,802,808,1550,10000 | See Nanobacter and Human T Lymphocyte Virus1. Can be caused by Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, HIV, and by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immune System Encyclopedia Entry for Autoimmune Disorders : Autoimmune disorders. The blood cells in the body's immune system help protect against harmful substances. Examples include bacteria, viruses, toxins , cancer cells, and blood and tissue from outside the body. These substances contain antigens. The immune system produces antibodies against these antigens that enable it to destroy these harmful substances. When you have an autoimmune disorder, your immune system does not distinguish between healthy tissue and antigens. As a result, the body sets off a reaction that destroys normal tissues. The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown. One theory is that some microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses) or drugs may trigger changes that confuse the immune system. This may happen more often in people who have genes that make them more prone to autoimmune disorders. An autoimmune disorder may result in: The destruction of body tissue Abnormal growth of an organ Changes in organ function An autoimmune disorder may affect one or more organ or tissue types. Areas often affected by autoimmune disorders include: Blood vessels Connective tissues Endocrine glands such as the thyroid or pancreas Joints Muscles Red blood cells Skin A person may have more than one autoimmune disorder at the same time. Common autoimmune disorders include: Addison disease Celiac disease - sprue (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) Dermatomyositis Graves disease Hashimoto thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Sj gren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Type I diabetes. Symptoms will vary, based on the type and location of the faulty immune response. Common symptoms include: Fatigue Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Joint pain Rash. The health care provider will do a physical exam. Signs depend on the type of disease. Tests that may be done to diagnose an autoimmune disorder include: Antinuclear antibody tests Autoantibody tests CBC Comprehensive metabolic panel C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Urinalysis. The goals of treatment are to: Reduce symptoms Control the autoimmune process Maintain the body's ability to fight disease Treatments will depend on your disease and symptoms. Types of treatments include: Supplements to replace a substance that the body lacks, such as thyroid hormone, vitamin B12, or insulin, due to the autoimmune disease Blood transfusions if blood is affected Physical therapy to help with movement if the bones, joints, or muscles are affected Many people take medicines to reduce the immune system's abnormal response. These are often called immunosuppressive medicines. Examples include corticosteroids (such as prednisone) and nonsteroid drugs such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, sirolimus, or tacrolimus. Targeted drugs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers and Interleukin inhibitors can be used for some diseases. The outcome depends on the disease. Most autoimmune diseases are chronic , but many can be controlled with treatment. Symptoms of autoimmune disorders can come and go. When symptoms get worse, it is called a flare-up. Complications depend on the disease. Medicines used to suppress the immune system can cause severe side effects, such as higher risk of infections. Call your provider if you develop symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. There is no known prevention for most autoimmune disorders. Graves Graves disease Hashimoto Hashimoto's disease (chronic thyroiditis) Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus Synovial fluid Synovial fluid Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Antibodies Antibodies. Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Autoimmunity. |
| Autointoxication | CAFL | 522,146,1550,10000,800,880,787,727,20 | Build-up of toxins in the intestines/colon. See Auto Intoxication, Constipation, Intestines to Release, Intestinal Obstruction, and Detox Autointoxication. |
| Autonomic Nervous System Diseases | ETDF | 50,370,830,2750,3000,70000,95090,175160,275000,357300 | The ANS controls involuntary body functions. |
| Avian Influenza | ETDF | 170,240,750,970,5620,30000,62500,93500,150000,872000 | Bird flu. Encyclopedia Entry for Avian Influenza : Avian Influenza- Bird Flu- Influenza virus A H5N1 Encyclopedia Entry for Avian Influenza : Avian influenza. The first avian influenza in humans was reported in Hong Kong in 1997. It was called avian influenza (H5N1). The outbreak was linked to chickens. Since then there have been human cases of avian influenza A in Asia, Africa, Europe, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Pacific, and the Near East. Hundreds of people have become sick with this virus. Up to half of the people who get this virus die from the illness. The chance of a worldwide outbreak in humans goes up the more the avian flu virus spreads. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 21 states with avian flu in birds and no infections in humans as of August 2015. Most of these infections have occurred in both backyard and commercial poultry flocks. These recent HPAI H5 viruses have not infected any people in the United States, Canada, or internationally. The risk for infection in people is low. Your risk of getting the bird flu virus is higher if: You work with poultry (such as farmers). You travel to countries where the virus is present. You touch an infected bird. You go into a building with sick or dead birds, feces, or litter from infected birds. You eat raw or undercooked poultry meat, eggs, or blood from infected birds. No one has gotten avian flu virus from eating properly cooked poultry or poultry products. Health care workers and people who live in the same house as people with bird flu may also be at higher risk for infection. Avian flu viruses can live in the environment for long periods of time. Infection may be spread just by touching surfaces that have the virus on them. Birds who were infected with the flu can give off the virus in their feces and saliva for as long as 10 days. Symptoms of avian flu infection in humans depend on the strain of virus. The avian influenza virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptoms, such as: Cough Diarrhea Trouble breathing Fever greater than 100.4 F (38 C) Headache General ill feeling (malaise) Muscle aches Runny nose Sore throat. If you think you have been exposed to the virus, call your health care provider before your office visit. This will give the staff a chance to take steps to protect themselves and other people during your office visit. There are tests for the avian flu, but they are not widely available. One type of test can give results in about 4 hours. Your provider might also do the following tests: Listening to the lungs (to detect abnormal breath sounds) Chest x-ray Culture from the nose or throat A method or technique to detect the virus, called RT-PCR White blood cell count Other tests may be done to look at how well your heart, kidneys, and liver are working. Treatment varies, and is based on your symptoms. In general, treatment with the antiviral medicine oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may make the disease less severe. For the medicine to work, you need to start taking it within 48 hours after your symptoms start. Oseltamivir may also be prescribed for people who live in the same house people with avian flu. This may prevent them from getting the illness. The virus that causes human avian flu is resistant to the antiviral medicines amantadine and rimantadine. These medicines should not be used in the case of an H5N1 outbreak. People with severe infection may need to be placed on a breathing machine. People infected with the virus also should be kept separate from non-infected people. Providers recommend that people get an influenza (flu) shot. This may cut down the chance that the avian flu virus will mix with a human flu virus. This might create a new virus that may easily spread. The outlook depends on the type of avian flu virus and how bad the infection is. The disease can be fatal. Complications may include: Acute respiratory failure Organ failure Pneumonia Sepsis. Call your provider if you develop flu-like symptoms within 10 days of handling infected birds or being in an area with a known avian flu outbreak. There is an approved vaccine to protect humans from the H5N1avian flu virus. This vaccine could be used if the current H5N1 virus starts spreading among people. The US government keeps a stockpile of vaccine. At this time, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend against travel to countries affected by avian influenza. The CDC makes the following recommendations. As a general precaution: Avoid wild birds and watch them only from a distance. Avoid touching sick birds and surfaces that may be covered in their feces. Use protective clothing and special breathing masks if you work with birds or if you go into buildings with sick or dead birds, feces, or litter from infected birds. If you have had contact with infected birds, watch for signs of infection. If you do become infected, tell your provider. Avoid undercooked or uncooked meat. This reduces the risk for exposure to avian flu and other foodborne diseases. If traveling to other countries: Avoid visits to live-bird markets and poultry farms. Avoid preparing or eating undercooked poultry products. See your provider if you become sick after you return from your trip. Current information regarding avian flu is available at: www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm. Bird flu; H5N1; H5N2; H5N8; H7N9; Avian influenza A (HPAI) H5. Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Avian influenza A virus infections in humans. www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm. Updated April 18, 2017. Accessed October 5, 2017. Hayden FG. Influenza. |
| Avitaminosis | ETDF | 40,260,460,7500,37500,57500,100000,210250,436420,561930 | Vitamin deficiency. |
| Awakening Epilepsy | ETDF | 70,180,730,870,5710,7250,22500,97500,375350,500000 | Epilepsy with grand mal seizures on awakening. |
ALT consists of programs based on Ayurvedic knowledge and practice, solfeggios, and planetary frequencies.
BFB a collection of biofeedback scan results.
BIO is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
CAFL is the Consolidated Annotated Frequency List, amassed over years from the experience of Rife experimenters.
CUST consists of programs added by Spooky team members, plus those in your own personal database.
ETDFL is a collection of programs researched in bio resonance clinics in Germany.
HC is Dr. Hulda Clark’s database. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
KHZ is a collection of higher frequencies from Dr. Hulda Clark. Use with HC or KHZ (R) – JK preset.
PROV has produced consistent results in virtually all subjects it was used with.
RIFE is a collection of Dr. Royal Raymond Rife’s original frequencies.
VEGA is a collection of frequencies based on excellent Russian frequency research.
XTRA is a collection of programs from various sources, all chosen for their reputation for effectiveness.